人教新课标版高中英语必修五 Unit 5 First aid 知识讲解

Unit 5 First aid

学习目标

重点词汇

aid, injury, poison ,variety, electric, swell, damage, stick, treat ,apply

重点短语

fall ill, in place, a number of, put one’s hands on, over and over again, squeeze out, make a difference

重点句型

系表结构get done

强调句型

知识讲解

重点短语

aid

【原句回放】First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救是在医生到来之前对突然生病的人或受伤者的一种暂时的救助。【点拨】aid n./ vt.援助 ,救助 ,帮助

1. 用作名词的aid ,还可以表示“有帮助的事物〞或辅助手段等。

An English dictionary is an important aid in learning English.

英语词典是重要的学习英语的工具。

Teachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. 老师们借助于计算机讲课。

He raised money in aid of the sick. 他筹款帮助病人。

2. 用作动词的aid：

常用搭配：

aid sb in/ with sth. 在某事上帮助某人

aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

I aided the people who suffered from the big earthquake with money.

我用钱来援助在地震中受灾的人们。

Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron. 维生素C有助于铁的吸收。

We’ve aided him to finish the work ahead of time.

= We’ve aided him in finishing the work ahead of time.

我们已帮助他们提前完成了工作。

【拓展1】常用含aid的短语：

first aid 急救；in aid of 用于援助

with the aid of 借助于give / offer aid 援助

come to sb’s aid 帮助某人cut off aid (突然) 终止援助

medical aid 医疗救护 a hearing aid 助听器

teaching aids 教具

【拓展2】辨析：aid, assist ,help

1. aid指受助者处境困难或危险 ,急需“援助〞或“救助〞 ,常用于aid sb. in/ with sth.结构。

2. assist 着重指“协作〞 ,帮助做局部事情 ,尤其是不很重要的局部 ,常用于assist (sb.) in/ with sth.或assist (sb.) in doing sth.结构。

3. help含义较广 ,帮助可大可小 ,强调受助者对帮助的需要 ,常用于help sb. with sth. 或help sb. (to) do sth.结构中。

Would you be kind enough to assist me in the experiment?

能麻烦你在这个实验中协助我吗？

Cleaner water will help prevent disease. 更纯洁的水有助于防止疾病。

【原句回放】Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 通常这种病或伤势并不严重 ,但是在一些情况下迅速给予急救能挽救生命。【点拨】injury n. 伤害 ,损害；损伤 ,伤口〔表示对情感的伤害时 ,不可数 ,常用于法律〕常用搭配：

suffer an injury 受到伤害

escape/ avoid an injury 没有受伤

do an injury to sb. = do sb. an injury 对某人有害

She has recovered from the injures suffered in the accident.

她已经从事故中受到的伤害中恢复过来了。

What he said was an injury to her fame. 他说的话是在玷污她的名声。

【拓展】 injure vt. 使受伤 ,伤害 ,伤〔某人的自尊、名誉等〕 ,常用被动语态。

常用短语：get /be injured受伤

There were two people injured in the car accident. 这次汽车事故中有两个人受伤。

Your remark may injure her pride. 你的话也许会伤了她的自尊。

注意：injure, hurt与wound的区别：

1. injure 多指意外事故中受伤；也表示伤害某人的自尊等。

2. hurt常指因不小心或意外引起的伤害 ,更强调这种身体伤害引起的疼痛 ,也可指对人的感情的伤害。

3. wound指利器或枪炮等使人受伤 ,也可指使某人不快或心烦的情感伤害。

I hurt my finger in the door. 我的手指被门挤了。

I was very much hurt at his words. 他的话伤透了我的心。

Nothing hurts more than a bad tooth. 没有比牙痛更痛的了。

50 people were seriously wounded in the attack. 袭击中有50人受重伤。

poison

【原句回放】You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. 皮肤有三层 ,可以防病、防毒、抵御太阳的有害光线的侵害。

【点拨】1. poison n.毒药 ,毒物

The plant contains a deadly poison. 这种植物含有剧毒。

Anger and hatred are poisons that destroy a person’s emotional life.

愤怒和仇恨是摧毁人的情感生活的毒药。

2. poison vt. 杀死 ,毒死 ,毒化 ,对......有不良影响

I hate these violent videos that poison the minds of the young.

我讨厌这些毒害年轻人心灵的暴力录像。

The king feared that someone had poisoned his food. 国王害怕有人给他的食物下毒。

【拓展】poisonous adj. 有毒的

poisonous mushrooms / snakes 毒蘑菇/ 毒蛇

variety

【原句回放】You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, ... 你可能因多种情况受伤：灼热的液体、水蒸汽......

【点拨】variety n.不同种类 ,多种式样；多样化 ,综艺节目

常用短语：a variety of 多种的 ,各种各样的

There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有各种各样的图案从中选择。

I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer. 我对出售中的各式餐具印象很深。

There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine.

她无法给单调的日常生活增添些趣味。

【拓展】various adj.各种各样的

vary v.使多样化 ,(使)变化 ,不同