八年级(人教版)单元同步达标测试
【最新】人教版八年级英语上册单元同步测试题全套带答案
八年级英语上册单元同步测试题全套带答案Unit1 Where did you go on vacation单元同步测试题一、单项选择（共15小题；共15分）1. --- Dad, can you help me? There is wrong with my computer.--- OK, I'm coming.A. nothingB. everythingC. anythingD. something2. --- Is there here? --- Yes, I'm upstairs. Please come and help me.A. anybodyB. nobodyC. everybodyD. somebody3. --- Hello, Bob! You look unhappy. --- I didn't pass the English exam.A. Wrong something?B. Wrong anything?C. Something wrong?D. Anything wrong?4. --- How can I make friends in a new school?--- Say hello to to you today, and you can have a friend tomorrow.A. new someoneB. someone newC. new anyone5. --- How was your trip to Hang Zhou, Jim?--- Great! We to Xixi National Wetland Park.A. goB. am goingC. will goD. went6. you Beijing last summer holidays?A. Do; visitB. Are; visitingC. Did; visitD. Were; visit7. --- Where you meet him yesterday?--- I him at the station.A. did; metB. were; metC. do; meetD. did; meet8. The young man is to carry the heavy stone.A. enoughB. too strongC. so strongD. strong enough9. — Did you finish the work ?— Yes, I did it all by .A. myself; yourselvesB. yourself; herselfC. myself; ourselvesD. yourself; myself10. --- There are dark clouds, and the wind is blowing strongly.--- It that a typhoon is coming.A. feelsB. soundsC. seemsD. looks11. --- It seems that Peter has nothing to do at the moment.--- Let me give him to read.A. anythingB. somethingC. everythingD. nothing12. I don't have a present for my friend. What if else brings a present?A. anybodyB. nobodyC. everyoneD. none13. I feel my stomach terrible. I think I ate at lunch time.A. something badB. something goodC. bad somethingD. good something14. --- Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival?--- I'd like to go .A. everywhere relaxingB. somewhere relaxingC. peaceful anywhereD. peaceful somewhere15. --- How was your day off? --- Pretty good! I the science museum with my classmates.A. visitB. visitedC. am visitingD. will visit二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)（共15小题；共15分）16. Last weekend we had a w time at Mona's party.17. Mr. Green does the same work every day. He feels very b .18. We have many a after school.19. I w if he will come here.20. Danny is h . He wants to eat.21. Susan d thrillers. She likes comedies.22. From the top of the hill, we can see lots of people b .23. It's polite for us to w in line at the station.24. I can't see their d . They looks the same.25. M of my classmates come to school by bicycles. It's good for their health.26. He scored a w goal in the match yesterday. Everybody said, "Wow, so cool!"27. People would not like to do simple jobs over and over and would got b .238386128. They will have many a during the spring festival.29. I need to post a postcard. So I w how to get to the post office quickly.30. He was very h after the hard work. He felt he could eat a horse.三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共15小题；共15分）31. Hainan Island is a (极好的) place to take a holiday in Summer.32. Grandpa feels (烦闷的) these days.33. Students should be careful when they are taking some of the outdoor (活动).34. Do you have a habit of keeping (日记).35. Although it was expensive, we (决定) to buy it.36. I (想知道) if you can help me with my math.37. Scott (等待) one hour for his friend at school yesterday.38. He felt so (饥饿) that he ate three bowls of noodles.39. --- Where is your (雨伞)?--- It's in my schoolbag.40. I like the piece of music. But he (不喜欢) it. He says it is too long.41. Listen, how (美妙) the music is!42. Reading the newspaper at home makes me feel (厌烦的).43. There are many kinds of (活动) in our school.44. Keeping a (日记) in English is one of the useful ways to improve our English writing ability.45. My father (决定) to go fishing on weekends.四、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5小题；共10分）46. --- Where did you go (在假期)?--- I (去大山里).47. 由于吃得太多，戴维成了他班里最胖的学生。
人教版八年级历史上册第三单元达标测试卷附答案
人教版八年级历史上册第三单元达标测试卷一、选择题。
(本题有20 小题，每题3 分，共60 分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求。
)1.为了集中革命力量，1905 年8 月，孙中山等人在日本东京成立了( )A．兴中会B．华兴会C．光复会D．中国同盟会2.孙中山在《民报》发刊词中说：“罗马之亡，民族主义兴，而欧洲各国以独立。
洎自帝其国，威行专制，在下者不堪其苦，则民权主义起。
”据此推断，他主张( )A．驱除鞑虏B．恢复中华C．创立民国D．平均地权3．下图墓地见证了近代以来中国人民为反帝反封建作出的巨大牺牲，体现了不屈不挠的精神和视死如归的英雄气概。
下列对这一斗争的描述，正确的是( )A．它是镇守长江门户吴淞的老将陈化成参加的鸦片战争B．它是率舰冲向“吉野号”的邓世昌参加的黄海海战C．它是清军直隶提督聂士成参加的天津保卫战D．它是革命党人为推翻清王朝而进行的广州黄花岗起义4．2020 年1 月，为防止新型冠状病毒传播，武汉毅然决定封城。
钟南山院士说：“武汉本来就是个英雄的城市。
”以下事件可以证明这个观点的是( )A．义和团运动B．广州起义C．武昌起义D．金田起义5. 孙中山认为革命为唯一法门，必须“举政治革命、社会革命毕其功于一役”。
1911 年，他领导了( )A．二次革命B．辛亥革命C．护国战争D．国民革命6．下列历史事件与下图所示信息直接相关的是( )A. 广州黄花岗起义C．中华民国的建立湖北军政府B. 武昌起义D．清帝退位7. “它使中国两千多年的皇帝制度彻底崩溃，是中国帝制与共和意识的分水岭，尽管它的结局是悲剧性的……”材料中的“它”是指( )A. 废除丞相B．太平天国运动C．新文化运动D．辛亥革命8. 孙中山在1916 年说：“何以不曰中华共和国，而必曰中华民国？此民字之意义，为仆研究十余年之结果而得之者。
……国民者，民国之天子也。
”由此可见孙中山强调( )A. 政治制度C．民主民权B. 国家权力D．民主科学9. 南京临时政府于1912 年1 月1 日成立。
最新人教版八年级英语上册单元同步测试题带答案
最新人教版八年级英语上册单元同步测试题带答案最新人教版八年级英语上册单元同步测试题带答案Unit1 Where did you go on vacation一、单项选择1. When I returned to my hometown, I was nearly lost. Almost had changed.A. nothingB. anythingC. somethingD. everything2. --- Do you notice the strange noise of the computer?--- Maybe is wrong with it.A. everythingB. anythingC. nothingD. something3. My aunt is going after retirement(退休).A. quiet somewhereB. somewhere noisyC. somewhere quietD. beautiful somewhere4. I'd like to go .A. to somewhere peacefulB. to peaceful somewhereC. somewhere peacefulD. peaceful somewhere5. They her to the party, so she was very happy.A. inviteB. invitedC. will inviteD. are inviting6. you Beijing last summer holidays?A. Do; visitB. Are; visitingC. Did; visitD. Were; visit7. Where she often go when she was young?A. doesB. wasC. didD. is8. The girl is to work out the problems.A. enough cleverB. so cleverC. too cleverD. clever enough9. --- Cindy, is it OK to leave you at home by ? --- Of course, mum.A. myselfB. herselfC. yourselfD. yourselves10. It that it is going to rain.A. seemsB. looksC. as if11. You can buy that you want on the Internet.A. somethingB. anyoneC. anythingD. nothing12. --- Is here?--- Yes, we are all here.A. anyoneB. everyoneC. someoneD. no one13. I feel my stomach terrible. I think ate at lunchtime.A. something badB. something goodC. bad somethingD. good something14. --- Did you buy anything on your vacation?--- Yes, I bought for my parents.A. something interestingB. nothing interestingC. interesting somethingD. interesting nothing15. James Watt the steam engine.A. was inventingB. inventedC. had inventedD. has invented16. --- Did you use to get up early?--- .A. Yes, I usedB. Yes, I wasC. No, I don'tD. No, I didn't17. --- Where she go on vacation?--- She her uncle.A. did; visitedB. does; visitedC. does; visitD. did; visit18. --- Mum, please help me prepare the things that I will take to school.--- You are to do this kind of thing by yourself, aren't you?A. enough oldB. old enoughC. enough kindD. kind enough19. --- Is this model plane yours, Susan?--- Yes, it's mine. It's made by .A. myselfB. yourselfC. himselfD. herself20. It doesn't possible that the doctors have a better way to cure(治愈) cancertoday.A. lookB. soundC. seemD. see二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)21. The movie was w . I want to see it again.22. Jenny is b with Mike, so she doesn't want to see him.23. Alice, what are your favourite indoor and outdoor a ?24. The Grand Canyon is one of the w of the natural world.25. Pandas in the zoo have enough food every day, so they never go h .26. I d this house because it is too old.27. Look! The road is covered with ice. The temperature today must be b zero.28. In China, when someone gives you a present, you must w and open it later.29. There are many d between the twins.30. Which do you like m of the three?三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)31. The film is really (精彩).32. Reading the newspaper at home makes me feel (厌烦的).33. There are a lot of (活动) after class in our school.34. Keeping a (日记) in English is one of the useful ways to improve our English writing ability.35. Just now my father d (决定) to leave for Wuhan tomorrow.36. I'm (想知道) if you can help me carry these books?37. The children are (等待) for the bus.38. Eddie is very (饿) now. He needs some food to eat.39. Please remember to tell your students to take (雨伞) when they go there.40. I like the piece of music. But he (不喜欢) it. He says it is too long.答案一、单项选择1. D2. D3. C4. C5. B6. C7. C8. D9. C 10. A11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. B16. D 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)21. wonderful22. bored23. activities24. wonders25. hungry26. dislike27. below28. wait29. differences30. most三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)31. wonderful32. bored33. activities34. diary35. decided36. wondering37. waiting38. hungry39. umbrellas40. dislikesUnit2 How often do you exercise一、单项选择1. He gets up early but late.A. always; sometimesB. always; oftenC. often; alwaysD. usually; sometimes2. --- Peter, you got to school by taxi?--- Oh, I take a taxi to school, but my bike needs repairing today.A. usuallyB. sometimesC. neverD. seldom3. I hate vegetables. I eat them.A. alwaysB. seldomC. oftenD. usually4. --- How often do you exercise?--- ever. Because I am very busy with my work.A. HardlyB. NearlyC. AlwaysD. Almost5. --- How often does he write emails to his friend?--- .A. Once a monthB. In a weekC. For half an hourD. Last Monday6. --- How often do you chat with your friends online?--- . I'm busy with my study.A. Only one monthB. About twice a monthC. Almost every dayD. Maybe in two weeks7. --- do you watch TV?--- Twice a week.A. How longB. How farC. How manyD. How often8. Helen was so excited at the news that she could say a word.A. everB. almostC. hardlyD. always9. --- Where is your father?--- he is sleeping in the bedroom.A. MaybeB. MayC. CanD. Would10. The book is expensive; , it's worth it.A. butB. howeverC. whileD. and11. --- English is too difficult for me. I can't learn it well.--- Don't give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.A. seldomB. neverC. usuallyD. always12. I don't think fast food is good for our health, so I go to MacDonald.A. seldomB. alwaysC. usuallyD. often13. --- How often do you have a school trip this term?--- Since several accidents happened to some schools, all the school outdoor activities have been asked to stop.A. AlwaysB. Hardly everC. SometimesD. Often14. He doesn't know anything about Greece, because he has gone there.A. everB. alwaysC. neverD. often15. --- How often does Bob play tennis?--- .A. Once a monthB. For a monthC. A month agoD. A month later16. He usually goes to the music club .A. two time a weekB. two times a weekC. twice a weekD. two times week17. do you have a face-to-face talk with your parent(s)?A. How oftenB. How soonC. How manyD. How much18. --- How is Susan?--- Oh, I see her because she lives abroad.A. alwaysB. oftenC. almostD. hardly19. --- Did you see Richard?--- No. he is in the playground.A. MightB. May beC. MaybeD. May20. One thing that is inexpensive in Paris, , is the wine.A. thoughB. whateverC. howeverD. but二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)21. His son's favorite p is Animal World.22. Look at those boxes. They are all f of fruits.23. Don't keep eating. It is bad for your h .24. They are talking about the r of the English test.25. They are generous(慷慨的) a (尽管) they are poor.26. More than 40 p of the students wear glasses.27. I went to the d because I had a bad tooth.28. His grandma is a sixty but she still keeps exercising.29. Some students often surf the I to get more information.30. The wind comes into the room t the open window.三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)31. It saves much time to send e-mails on the (因特网).32. What do you think of the (节目) called Tell it like it is?33. Walking helps you to keep in good (健康).34. What's the (结果) of the accident?35. ---How many boys are there in your class?---Thirty, about sixty (百分之) of the students in our class.36. Yuan Longping has a sharp(敏锐的) (头脑).37. We can see the light in his room (通过) the window.38. He always reads many kinds of (杂志) so he knows a lot.39. --- Which of these shirts do you like best?--- I'll take (没有). They are both expensive and out of fashion.40. I've worked here for (几乎,差不多) two years.答案一、单项选择1. D2. D3. B4. A5. A6. B7. D8. C9. A 10. B11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A16. C 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. C二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)21. program22. full23. health24. result(s)25. although26. percent27. dentist28. almost29. Internet30. through三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)31. Internet32. program33. health34. result35. percent36. mind37. through38. magazines39. none40. almost/nearlyUnit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister一、单项选择1. Don't laugh at her. She is any of the others in your class.A. as clever a student asB. as a clever student asC. so clever a student asD. so a clever student like2. Is this kind of pet a pet dog these days?A. as trendy asB. more trendier thanC. much trendy thanD. not so trendier as3. Jason is than most of kids in my class. He is very active.A. outgoingB. more outgoingC. much outgoingD. the most outgoing4. --- Steve is good at writing short stories.--- So he is. But he writes than us. So he can't get good grades in writing.A. most carefullyB. more carefullyC. less carefullyD. least carefully5. This game is than that one.A. interestingB. more interestingC. most interestingD. much interesting6. We outgoing and swimming.A. are both, like bothB. are both, both likeC. both are, both likeD. both are, like both7. He knows about computer than me.A. muchB. moreC. most8. --- I'm sorry I didn't the game.--- Well, that's OK. You can't win every time.A. beatB. hitC. winD. fail9. A lot of new buildings have been put up in our university. It is no longer thesame it used to be.A. like whatB. thatC. asD. what10. Maybe you say sorry to your elder sister.A. shallB. shouldC. willD. would11. He is Tom, because they both enjoy playing basketball.A. same asB. similar toC. the same asD. the similar to12. My friend Lily likes to her food me.A. share; withB. share; toC. have; toD. have; for13. When he the bus station, he met one of his friends.A. reachedB. arrivedC. get toD. reached in14. --- Do you know what “Helping Center” does?--- Yes. It serves the disabled and it is similar to charities.A. reallyB. speciallyC. trulyD. extremely15. The girl just sits there and thinks about something without a word.A. quietB. quietlyC. comfortableD. comfortably16. --- Which do young people prefer, music or sports?--- Both. Music is sports.A. as popular asB. not as popular asC. more popular thanD. less popular than17. --- Why don't you like winter in Taiyuan?--- Because it is winter in Hangzhou.A. as warm asB. not so warm asC. much warmer thanD. not colder than18. I think English is than math. I can always get higher marks in English.A. easierB. easyC. difficultD. more difficult19. Many Chinese students think science subjects are foreign languages.A. more difficult asB. less difficult thanC. much difficult thanD. so difficult as20. Thanks to the new inventions, our lives are much than before.A. convenientB. more convenientC. most convenientD. the most convenient21. Gina and Anna teachers, and work very hard.A. are both; they bothB. both are; they bothC. are both; both they22. --- Mike thinks of others than of himself.--- That's why everyone likes to make friends with him.A. littleB. muchC. lessD. more23. --- Do you know our team the match? We've got the first place.--- Really? Well done!A. defeatedB. beatC. wonD. lost24. --- Your QQ number is not you told me yesterday.--- Oh, that number was stolen. I reapplied(重新申请) a new one.A. the sameB. the same asC. the same toD. same as25. You drive your car so fast. It's very dangerous.A. wouldn'tB. shouldn'tC. couldn'tD. mightn't二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)26. He is very quiet, but his sister is quite o .27. Listen! Someone is knocking(敲) on the door l .28. The new student sat q and didn't talk with others.29. He is really h with his study, so he always gets the best results.30. I took part in the singing c yesterday and won the first prize.31. The firemen are so brave and I think they are f .32. Pass me that pair of glasses, please. I can't see the wordsc .33. Tina and her sister are both t in music.34. Mr. Li always looks s . He never laughs.35. It's n for children to have enough time to exercise every day.36. If you find some important i on the Internet, you can download it.37. We shouldn't l at the people who are in trouble. Instead, we should help them.38. Nobody b the window. It may be the wind.39. Work hard and you'll get good g (分数).40. I was a p school student when I was seven years old.三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)41. I'm more (外向的) than my sister.42. It is impolite to talk (大声地) in the library. Everyone should be quiet then.43. Father walked into my bedroom (轻轻地) and put a present on my desk.44. If you're (努力工作), you'll succeed.45. She did very well in the swimming (比赛).46. They had many (虚构的) adventures together.47. Speak a little louder, please. I can't hear you (清楚地).48. Li Yundi is a (有天赋的) Chinese pianist.49. He stayed in the hospital for six weeks with a (严重的) illness.50. It's (必需的) that the young and the old should communicate more with each other.51. The Greens have (到达) Nanjing already.52. Don't (触摸) the animals. They are very dangerous.53. We often get (信息) by reading newspapers, magazines and all kinds of books.54. He is very funny and often makes us (笑).55. The boy tried not to (打破) the glass, but he failed(失败).答案一、单项选择1. A2. A3. B4. C5. B6. B7. B8. C9. C 10. B11. B 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. B21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. B二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)26. outgoing27. loudly28. quietly29. hard-working30. competition31. fantastic32. clearly33. talented34. serious35. necessary36. information37. laugh38. broke39. grades40. primary三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)41. outgoing42. loudly43. quietly44. hard-working45. competition46. fantastic47. clearly48. talented49. serious50. necessary51. reached52. touch53. information54. laugh55. breakUnit4 What's the best movie theater一、单项选择1. The Changjiang River is the third in the world.A. long riverB. long riversC. longest riverD. longest rivers2. His dictionary is in our class.A. newB. newerC. newestD. the newest3. --- Compare the speeches made by the students from different schools, and you will find Frank'sis .--- Sure. That's why we voted for him.A. more boringB. the most boringC. more interestingD. the most interesting4. Of all the teams in NBA. I think the Los Angeles Lakers played this year.A. most successfullyB. the more successfullyC. very successfullyD. much more successfully5. Of all Gong Linna's songs, I like her Uneasy(忐忑) .A. wellB. betterC. bestD. the best6. --- Which of those radios sounds ?--- The smallest one.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best7. In this exam, he spent time and made mistakes in ourclass.A. less; fewerB. the least; the fewestC. much; manyD. more; less8. Cheng Long and Li Lianjie have much . And they often playsimilar rolesin movies.A. in generalB. in styleC. in commonD. in shape9. They said that they were able to use the organ to play music.A. all typesB. all types ofC. type ofD. a type10. We should play a part in our earth.A. saveB. to saveC. savingD. saved11. --- Who ran of all in the sports meeting?--- Hector did, I think.A. fastB. fasterC. the fastestD. most fast12. --- Hi, Ella, which is the street in your city?--- High Street. Many people go shopping there.A. busierB. quieterC. busiestD. quietest13. --- Why didn't you enjoy the film?--- It was film that I had ever seen.A. the most interestingB. the least interestingC. more interestingD. less interesting14. I think Lesson Five is of the three lessons.A. difficultB. more difficultC. most difficultD. the most difficult15. --- Why don't you go to Jason's?--- Because it has quality clothes in town.A. goodB. badC. the worstD. the best16. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his one.A. better -know nB. well- knownC. best -knownD. most -known17. Of all the story books, I like this one . It's not interesting at all.A. very muchB. bestC. very lessD. least18. I think Helen and I have a lot .A. in factB. in commonC. so farD. such as19. There are books in this bookstore. And they are cheap.A. all kind ofB. kinds ofC. all kinds ofD. kind of20. Will Jill play a part in the plan for English study?A. makeB. makesC. madeD. making21. I have a lovely room. It's the in the hotel.A. niceB. nicerC. nicestD. most nice22. Which season do you think is season for farmers in a year?A. the busierB. the busiestC. the most busyD. the busy23. Which is way to travel, by plane, by train or by bus?A. less expensiveB. more cheaperC. the least expensiveD. cheaper24. Simon reads among the boys of Smith's though he plays all day long.A. wideB. widelyC. more widelyD. most widely25. Her sister sings English songs of us all.A. badlyB. worseC. more badlyD. worst二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)26. Usually she watches TV in her c sofa at night.27. Alice will sing an English song in the school t show.28. Get up early, go out for some f air and enjoy a healthy life.29. He often helps the p .30. Our class is going to win the first p for the exercises contest.31. There are two new bicycles, and you can c one of them.32. You should read the instructions(说明书) c before you take the medicine(药).33. Edison was so c that he invented a lot of things.34. We should take these problems s .35. I like listening to Beijing Opera, so I often go to the t at the weekend.三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)36. The bus has been in (服务) in Beijing since 1935.37. He is a (记者) from the New York Times.38. Tony is one of the most (有创造力的) students in our school.39. Tina's new song is p (相当) beautiful.40. We have many kinds of goods for you to (选择) from.41. The winners in the talent show will get a lot of good (奖品).42. His new car can sit five people (舒服).43. Mr. Green began to talk very s (严肃地) to his son.44. The roads are becoming more and more (拥挤) because of too much traffic.。
人教版八年级物理上册单元测试卷(全套附答案)
八年级（人教版）单元同步达标测试物理试卷（第一章 声现象）一、单项选择题（每题3分，共24分）1、在电视机的遥控器上，有以下几个按钮（图标），如下图，其中控制音量（响度）大小的是： （ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．2、晚上当你在家复习功课，准备期中考试时，邻居正在引吭高歌，对你的学习产生干扰，则下列措施中无效的是： （ ）A ．与邻居协商使其减小音量B ．打开窗户让空气加速流动C ．紧闭室内的门窗D ．用棉花塞住自己的耳朵3、在一只玻璃杯中先后装入不同量的水，用细棒轻轻敲击，会听到不同频率的声音。
与此类似，当医生在给病人检查腹部是否有积水时，常会用手轻轻敲击患者腹部，细细倾听其发出的声音，此为“叩诊”。
这主要是根据什么来判断腹部是否有积水的？ （ ）A ．声音的响度B ．声音的音调C ．声音的音色D ．声音是否悦耳动听 4、在城市高架道路的某些路段可以看到两侧设有3m ～4m 高的透明板墙，如图1所示，安装这些板墙是为了（ ）A ．保护车辆安全行驶B ．阻止车辆排放的废气外泄C ．体现高架道路设计的美观D ．阻挡车辆产生的噪声，减小噪声的污染5、剧院及音乐厅，四周墙壁常挂呢绒帘幕，同时墙壁会做成凹凸不平的像蜂窝似的，这是为了 （ ） A ．装饰、美观 B ．易于反射声波，增大声音 C ．吸收声波，减小嘈杂的回声 D 、提高声音的音调6、请你用物理学的准确用语来“翻译”生活用语，有利于我们把握事物的本质，“引吭高歌”和“低声细语”，这里的高与低指的是 （ ） A ．音色好坏 B ．音调高低 C ．响度大小 D ．乐音三要素7、我国已进行“神舟”五号载人航天飞船的试验，杨利伟乘坐宇宙飞船遨游太空，不久，“神舟”六号将会将更多的宇航员带上太空，宇航员在太空舱中可以直接对话，但在飞船外作业时，他们之间不能直接对话，必须借助电子通信设备进行交流，其原因 ( )A ．用通信设备对话是为了方便B ．声音的传播需要介质C ．太空中噪声太大D ．声音只能在地面上传播8、如图2天坛公园的回音壁是我国建筑史上的一大奇迹，回音壁应用的声学原理是（ ）A ．声音的反射使原声增强B ．声音在不同介质中的传播速度不同C ．声音的音调不同D ．发声的物体在振动图2图1二、填空题（每空1分，共24分）9、如图3所示，用硬纸片把一个喇叭糊起来，做成一个“舞台”．台上小人在音乐声中翩翩起舞，这个现象说明______________________．10、图4、图5是两种声音的波形，从图可知：图4是的波形，理由是；图5是的波形，理由是11、如图6所示的招牌，它表示的意思是。
最新人教版八年级下册英语Unit 3同步测试试卷及答案
A. even though
B. in order that
C. as soon as
D. as long as
( B )30. (2021·黄冈中考)—Summer holiday is coming! I’m going to Hainan to
see my uncle.
—______.
A. Thank you
or a supermarket?
—______. I am used to shopping online.
A. Neither
B. Either
C. Both
D. None
( A )25. —Excuse me, Can I ______your ruler?
—Sorry, I can’t ______it to you. I am using it now.
A. the; a
B. the; the
C. a; a
D. the; /
( D )22. Lucy would like to buy some ______, because she didn’t have
anything for breakfast this morning.
A. medicine
( A )31. A. look after
B. look at
C. get back
D. worry about
( B )32. A. differences B. kinds
C. ways
D. boxes
( D )33. A. sweep the floor B. do the dishes
C. do the cleaning
2023-2024学年人教版八年级数学上册第11章三角形 单元同步达标测试题(含答案)
2023年秋人教版八年级数学上册《第11章三角形》同步达标测试题一、单选题（满分40分）1．下列长度的三条线段能组成三角形的是（）A．4cm，5cm，9cm B．5cm，5cm，11cmC．8cm，9cm，15cm D．7cm，12cm，20cm2．正十二边形的外角和为（ ）A．30°B．150°C．360°D．1800°3．如图，在△ABC中，BC边上的高为（）A．线段AD B．线段BF C．线段BE D．线段CG4．如图，有一个与水平地面成20°角的斜坡，现要在斜坡上竖起一根与水平地面垂直的电线杆，电线杆与斜坡所夹的角∠1的度数为（）A．50°B．60°C．70°D．80°5．用形状、大小完全相同的一种或几种平面图形进行拼接，彼此之间不留空隙、不重叠的铺成一片，就是平面图形的镶嵌．只用下面一种图形能够进行平面镶嵌的是（）A．正三角形B．正五边形C．正八边形D．正十二边形6．如图，在△ABC中，D是BC中点，E是AD中点，连结BE、CE，若△ABC的面积为20，则△BCE的面积为（）A．5B．10C．15D．187．将一副直角三角板如图放置，已知∠E=60°，∠C=45°，EF∥BC，则∠BND的大小为（）A．100°B．105°C．110°D．115°8．如图，∠B=20°，∠C=60°，AD平分∠BAC，AE⊥BC，则∠DAE度数是（）A．30°B．25°C．20°D．15°10．一个多边形的内角和是外角和的14．如图，在△ABC中，D为AC边的中点，积为4，则△BFC的面积为．15．如图，在△ABC中，∠ABC∠A的度数为____________．16．图①是一盏可折叠台灯，图为固定支撑杆，∠A是∠B的两倍，灯体旋转到CD′位置(图②中虚线所示∠BCD−∠DCD′=120°，则∠DCD三、解答题（满分40分）17．一个多边形的内角和比它的外角和的3倍少180°，这个多边形的边数是多少？18．如图，在ΔABC中，AD是高，∠DAC=10°，AE是ΔABC外角∠MAC的平分线，交BC 的延长线于点E，BF平分∠ABC交AE于点F，若∠ABC=46°，求∠AFB和∠E的度数．19．画图并填空：如图，每个小正方形的边长为1个单位，每个小正方形的顶点叫格点．(1)将△ABC向左平移5格，再向下平移1格．请在图中画出平移后的△A′B′C′；(2)利用网格在图中画出△ABC的中线CD，高线AE；(3)△A′B′C′的面积为__________；(4)在图中能使S△ABC=S△PBC的格点P的个数有__________个（点P异于A）．20．如图，已知∠1=∠BDC，∠2+∠3=180°．(1)求证：AD∥EC；(2)若CE⊥AE于点E，∠F=50°，求∠ADF的度数．21．如图，已知△ABC中，点D、E分别在边AB、AC上，点F在BE上．(1)若∠ADE=∠ABC，(2)若D、E、F分别是△ABC的面积．（1）如图1，这是一个五角星，则（2）如图2，将五角星截去一个角后多出一个角，求参考答案∵电线杆与水平地面垂直，∴∠2=90°，∴∠1=∠3=180°−20°−90°故答案为：三角形具有稳定性．10．解：由题意，得：(n−2)180°=2×360°，解得：n=6；∴这个多边形的边数为6；故答案为：611．解：∵a+b>c，b−a<c，c+b>a，∴a+b−c>0，b−a−c<0，c−a+b>0，∴|a+b−c|+|b−a−c|+|c−a+b|=a+b−c+a+c−b+c−a+b=a+b+c故答案为：a+b+c．12．解：由折叠的性质得∠ADE=∠ADC=110°，∵∠ADB=180°−∠ADC=70°，∴∠BDE=110°−∠ADB=110°−70°=40°，∵DE∥AB，∴∠B=∠BDE=40°．故答案为：40．13．解：∵AB∥CD，∠B+∠D=70°，∴∠B=∠HGD，∵∠EHF是△HGD的一个外角，∴∠EHF=∠HGD+∠D，∴∠EHF=∠B+∠D=70°，∵∠1+∠2+∠EHF=180°，∴∠1+∠2=180°−∠EHF=110°．∵CD∥OE，∴OA⊥CD，∵AO⊥OE，D′G⊥AB，∴∠AGC=∠AFC=90°，在四边形AFCG中，∠AGC+∠GCF+∠AFC（4）如图，利用等高模型，在图中能使S△ABC=S△PBC的格点P在直线m，n上（除点A 外），总共有21个；故答案为21．20．（1）证明：∵∠1=∠BDC，∴AB∥CD，∴∠2=∠ADC，∵∠2+∠3=180°，∴∠ADC+∠3=180°，∴AD∥CE；（2）解：∵CE⊥AE，∴∠CEF=90°，由（1）知AD∥CE，∴∠DAF=∠CEF=90°，在△AFD中，∠F=50°∴∠ADF=180°−90°−50°=40°．21．（1）证明：∵∠ADE=∠ABC，∴DE∥BC，∴∠AED=C，∵∠EDF=∠C，∴∠EDF=∠AED，∴DF∥AC；（2）解：∵点F是BE中点，∴S△DEF=S△DBF，设S△DEF=S△DBF=x，∵D是AB中点，∴S△ADE=S△BDE=2x，∵E是AC中点，∴S△ABE=S△CBE=4x，S△CEF=2x，=3x∴S四边形DECF∵S=9，四边形DECF∴3x=9，x=3，∴S△ABC=2S△ABE=8x=24．22. 解：（1）如图，由三角形的外角性质，得∠A+∠C=∠1，∠B+∠D=∠2，∵∠2+∠1+∠E=180°∴∠A+∠B+∠C+∠D+∠E=180°，故答案为：180°；（2）如图，延长CA与DG相较于点H，∠CAG和∠AGD是△HAG的两个外角，则∠CAG=∠H+∠AGH，∠AGD=∠H+∠HAG，∴∠CAG+∠AGD=∠H+∠HGA+∠H+∠HAG=∠H+180°，∴∠GAC+∠B+∠C+∠D+∠E+∠AGD=180°+180°=360°，故∠A+∠B+∠C+∠D+∠E+∠G的度数为360°．（3）由（2）知，每截去图1中的一个角，剩余角的度数会增加180°，图1中，∠A+∠B+∠C+∠D+∠E=180°，在题图3中，去掉五个角后，∠A+∠B+∠C+∠D+∠E+∠F+∠G+∠H+∠I+∠J =180°+5×180°=1080°．。
2023年人教版英语八年级下Unit9单元同步综合测试 (有参考答案)
人教版英语八年级下Unit 9 单元复习综合测试题一、单项选择（）1. I ________ never ________ there before.A. have, been toB. have, beenC. have, gone toD. have, gone（）2. There are many boats ________ people to travel ________ .A. to, aroundB. for, overC. for, aroundD. to , to（）3. Have you ever traveled ________ another province ________ China?A. to, ofB. in, toC. to, toD. on, of（）4. The students are very ________ music.A. interesting atB. interested atC. interesting inD. interested in（）5. I’ve never been to a place ________ that before.A. asB. likeC. alikeD. likes（）6. They’ll ________ the subway to the space museum.It’ll ________ them half an hour.A. take, bringB. bring, takeC. take, takeD. bring, bring（）7.—Where is Bill?—He ________ Sydney with his father.A. has gone toB. has been toC. have gone toD. have been to（）8. The village is ________ the mountains.A. amongB. betweenC. in the middleD. along（）9. There are five ________ people in the city.A. millionsB. million ofC. millions ofD. million（）10. Have you ever ________ anything you didn’t want to say?A. sayB. saidC. sayingD. say（）11. --- Have you finished using my dictionary?--- Yes, I put it back on your desk just now. Who it away?A. will takeB. is takingC. tookD. has taken （）12. Laura bought this house because it is close to the school.A.especiallyB. finallyC. simplyD. recently （）13. I to Sanya yet. I hope to go there this week.A.have beenB. haven't beenC. haven't goneD. have gone （）14. Edison was a great inventor, ; he was an ordinary man, too.A,at that time B. that is to sayC.on the other handD. even though（）15. --- How do you like the play Home with Kids?--- Very good! I such a wonderful play before.A. don't seeB. never seeC. have never seenD. h adn't seen二、完型填空Mr Smith looked at his watch at times. He __1__ to go home as soon as possible. There would be a 2 football match in London and he could not do anything in his office. He 3 home after work. Supper was ready and he went to his 4 after that. But he could not fall asleep. He was afraid he would 5 the match though he had told his wife to wake him up at once in the night. He had to 6 and began to read some evening newspapers.Finally the match began. His team lost the 7 half of the match. He became angry. He was so sleepy that he did not know when he had gone to 8 . The next morning his wife brought some bread and milk into the sitting-room. She found he was 9 sleeping on the sofa and called out “Oh, dear! Get up, or you’ll be 10 today. It is five to seven!”Hearing this, Mr Smith jumped off the chair and asked, “Who won?”（）1. A. hated B. hoped C. had D. liked（）2. A. common B. dangerous C. wonderful D. lucky（）3. A. hurried B. swam C. walked D. jumped（）4. A. classroom B. library C. shop D. bedroom（）5. A. catch B. miss C. lost D. leave（）6. A. get up B. lie down C. stand up D. go away（）7. A. last B. third C. two D. first（）8. A. work B. play C. sleep D. rest（）9. A. ever B. yet C. already D. still（）10. A. late B. early C. ill D. tired三、阅读理解AIn the 13th century, the famous Italian traveler, Marco Polo, traveled a long way to China. During his stay in China, he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered was that the Chinese used paper money. In western countries, peo ple didn‘t use paper money until 15 century. However, people in China began to use paper money in the 7th.A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2000 years ago. He put these pieces of paper together and made them in a book. Now paper comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. If there are no trees, there will be no paper. So how can we save paper? We can use both of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets(小包). We can also use handkerchiefs(手帕) and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags. If the shop assistant does give you a paper bag, we can save it and reuse it later. Everyone can help to save paper. If we all think carefully, we can help protect trees. We should do it now, before it is too late.( ) 1. When Marco Polo was in China, he _________.A. discovered Cai Lun invented paperB. learned to make paperC. discovered Chinese people used paper moneyD. learned to use paper money( ) 2. People in Western countries first used paper money in the ________ century.A. 17thB. 15thC. 13thD. 7th( ) 3. Which of the following is NOT the way of saving paper?A. To use both sides of every piece of paperB. To use the paper bags from shops more than once.C. To use cotton handkerchiefs instead of paper ones.D. To grow more trees.( ) 4. Which of the following is not true?A. If we keep on wasting paper, we will have no paper to use.B. The Chinese people used paper money earlier than the people in Western countries.C. A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper money about two thousand years ago.D. We can use the paper bags from the shops again.( ) 5. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Saving PaperB. The History of PaperC. Cotton Handkerchiefs Back AgainD. Cai Lun Invented PaperBJack had gone to the university to study history, but at the end of his first year, his history professor(教授) failed him in his exams, and Jack would have to leave the university. However, his father decided that he would go to see the professor to urge(强烈要求) him to let Jack go on his studies the following year.He‘s a good boy, said his father, ―and if you let him pass this time, I‘m sure he‘ll improve a lot next year and pass the exam at the end of it really wellNo, no, that‘s quite impossible. Said the professor at once, ―Do you know, last month I asked him when Napoleon had died, and he didn‘t know!Please, sir, give him another chance(机会). Said Jack‘s father. ―You see, I‘m afraid we don‘t take any newspapers in our house, so none of us even know that Napoleon was ill.( ) 1. Jack would have to leave the university because _________.A. he didn‘t like historyB. he didn‘t pass the examC. he was a good boyD. he didn‘t know Napoleon was ill( )2. Jack‘s father wanted the professor _______.A. to tell him a storyB. to give Jack a lessonC. to let Jack pass his exams that timeD. to let Jack leave the university( ) 3. At the end of it, the word “it” means _______.A. Jack‘s examsB. the universityC. Jack‘s first yearD. Jack‘s second year( ) 4.The underlined word Impossible means _______.A. possibleB. not possibleC. UntrueD. not true( )5. Jack didn‘t know when Napoleon had died because________.A. he didn‘t do well in his histor yB. he didn‘t take any newspaperC. he didn‘t know NapoleonD. he didn‘t know Napoleon left the universityCJoe is twenty-seven now. He's tall and strong. He works hard in the small field. He has known a girl called Ann for three years，and Ann lives in another village. He hopes she could marry him soon. But she won't marry Joe until he builds a new house. He hasn't enough money. Of course it's difficult for him to do so. Winter has come and the fields are covered with thick snow. Joe has nothing to do at home. Ann told him to find temporary(临时的)work in the town. He thought she was right and came to Mr White's factory. In the factory he carried stones from the hill to the workplaces. It was hard work but he was paid much. At the end of the month,Mr White paid the young man nearly two thousand dollars. He was very happy. He hurried to the post office，but it was closed. He had a look at the clock on the wall. It was half past five and he was told to go there the next morning. He had to return to the factory. He felt hungry and went into a restaurant and ate something. He didn't see a thief following him. As soon as he sat down at the table，a man sat down next to him and asked him to drink a cup with him. He agreed and drank a lot. And when he woke up two hours later，his money was stolen. He was sad of it and cried，I worked for the thief last month!( )1.Ann doesn't marry Joe because ________.A.he's a poor farmerB.he has a small fieldC.he lives in an old houseD.she was young( )2.Ann told Joe to ________.A.get some money in the townB.borrow some money from his friendsC.spend the winter in the townD.build a new house in the town( )3.Mr White paid Joe much because ________.A.he was very richB.the young man was very poorC.he was ready to help the poorD.the young man worked very hard( )4.Joe went to the post office toA.ring up AnnB.post the moneyC.buy some foodD.post a letter( )5.The money was stolen when ________.A.Joe left the factoryB.Joe went to the restaurantC.Joe ate something in the restaurantD.the thief had got Joe drunk四、短文填空Every day when Kathy came home from school, her cat Mimi would run to greet her.Then Kathy would pick up Mimi and gave her 1 _______ hug (拥抱).One day, Kathy came home 2________ her cat wasn't there.Her mom told her that Mimi had died.Kathy felt so sad. Most of people all over the world have 3________. Maybe you have a pet, and maybe some of your friends do, too.A pet can be a special friend, and you might think of him or her 4________ a member of the family.A pet can 5________ with you or just be with you when you don't feel like talking.You are 6________ when a pet dies.You may not feel anything at all.That's OK.Or you may feel like crying and that's OK, too.Kathy decided to talk with 7________ parents about how she was feeling.She wanted to 8________ about some things she didn't understand, like where Mimi went 9________ death.Kathy's parents answered her questions in the best way the y could.They told her 10________ was OK to be sad when animals died and it was not silly at all.They told her to keep a new animal when she wanted to.五、词汇演练A）根据汉语提示，用词的正确形式填空，每空一词。
初中生物(新人教版)八年级下册同步测试：第八单元测评(同步测试)【含答案及解析】
第八单元测评(时间:45分钟满分:100分)一、选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题2.5分,共50分。
下列各题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题意)1.青少年应追求积极向上的、健康的生活方式,下列生活方式不健康的是()A.经常参加体育锻炼B.不吸烟,不酗酒C.只吃自己喜欢的食物D.保持愉快的心情2.当你头痛、流鼻涕、发高烧时,采取下列哪种做法比较合适?()A.自行买药B.根据广告宣传买药C.找医生诊断D.喝热水,盖上棉被发汗3.下列关于艾滋病的说法,正确的是()A.艾滋病是一种遗传性免疫缺陷综合征B.艾滋病的病原体HIV,能够破坏人体的免疫功能C.艾滋病的传播途径有静脉注射毒品传播、不安全性行为传播、饮食传播等D.艾滋病最主要的预防措施是保护易感人群4.下列预防流行性感冒的措施,不合理的是()A.注意通风,保持室内空气清新B.加强体育锻炼,增强体质C.流感高发期,尽量少去公共场所D.多吃感冒药来预防感冒5.“珍惜生命,远离酒驾”。
据统计,每年造成死亡的交通事故中,50%以上都与酒驾有关。
最近几年,我国的酒驾行为已经得到有效控制。
酒精测试仪的吹嘴是一次性的,从预防传染病发生的角度分析,这是为了()A.控制传染源B.切断传播途径C.保护易感人群D.消灭病原体6.下列叙述属于特异性免疫的是()A.抗体与抗原结合使病原体失去致病性B.溶菌酶能够破坏许多种病菌的细胞壁C.呼吸道黏膜上的纤毛清扫异物D.吞噬细胞将侵入人体的病原体吞噬消化7.注射青霉素之前,都要先用少量的青霉素做皮试,如果注射处有较明显的红肿现象,则该患者不能注射青霉素。
从免疫的角度来说,青霉素在患者体内相当于()A.抗原B.抗体C.免疫活性物质D.失效药物8.近年来,疫苗的安全问题备受关注。
下列关于疫苗的叙述,错误的是()A.接种疫苗的目的是控制传染源B.接种疫苗是预防和控制传染病的有效措施之一C.接种疫苗可以提高人体的特异性免疫力D.疫苗是一种用于人体预防接种的生物制品9.骨髓移植是治疗白血病的有效措施,骨髓的捐献者称为供体,接受供体骨髓的病人称为受体,受体做完移植手术后要在无菌隔离区度过一段时间。
人教版八年级语文下册第五单元 达标测试卷含答案
人教版八年级语文下册第五单元达标测试卷八年级语文·下(R版)时间：100分钟满分：120分一、积累与运用(28分)1．下列句子中加点字词的字音或字形完全正确的一项是()(3分)A．回那曲拍了片才知道，矫．贵而无用的尾椎．(zhuī)骨已经折．(shé)断，连带腰椎也错了位。
B．太阳偶．一露(lòu)面，这冰世界便熠．(yì)熠烁烁，光彩．夺目。
C．俯瞰．脚下峡谷，只见其间一股清流急湍．(tuān)，环顾四周，岩壁巉．(chán)峻，丘冈．葱绿，美不胜收。
D．或者说，不是老天有意．安排，让他在离开阿冉．(rǎn)提时喝得酒气熏熏．．——结．(jiē)果就不会是这样的了。
2．下列句中加点成语使用不当的一项是() (3分)A．清明节快到了，去烈士陵园扫墓的人络绎不绝．．．．。
B．天晴了，雪停了，站在楼顶上极目远望，茫茫原野，群山奔驰，银装素裹，五彩斑斓．．．．。
C．尽管离乡多年了，但家乡的风景依然历历在目．．．．。
D．此刻倒霉迹象接踵而至．．．．，频频小震酝酿着某一两次大地震。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是() (3分)A．能否加强亚洲各国之间的文明交流互鉴，是携手共建亚洲命运共同体走向更为广阔前景的关键。
B．我们要培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，提倡爱家爱国相统一，弘扬爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义。
C．一项研究报告显示，中国学生近视呈现高发、低龄化趋势，学生的近视比例已超过50%以上。
D．央视纪录片《大国工匠》讲述了当代中国工匠传奇的人生故事，展示了他们非凡的职业绝技。
4．选出下列标点符号使用完全正确的一项()(3分)A．旅游景点大都承担着对广大群众进行历史文化教育的责任，景区门票价格由谁定、如何定、定多少？都需要充分论证。
B．屏也有大小之分。
从宫殿、厅堂、院子、天井，直到书斋、闺房，皆可置之，因为场合不同，自然因地制宜，大小由人了。
C．《朗读者》播出后，圈内人士评论“这才是国产综艺节目该有的样子”，观众称“该节目是良心之作。
人教版八年级英语上册单元同步测试题及答案Unit9
⼈教版⼋年级英语上册单元同步测试题及答案Unit9⼈教版⼋年级英语上册单元同步测试题及答案Unit 9Unit 9 Can you come to my party？Unit 9 第1课时⼀、单项选择1．—Could you please tell me how to get to the restroom?—________. I'm not sure how to get there.A. SorryB. OKC. Of courseD. No problem2. The little girl didn't stop crying______she found her mother.A. afterB. untilC. becauseD. when3. —Hello! Golden Sun Hotel. Can I help you?—Do you have a room ________ for this weekend?A．available B．useful C．helpful D．possible4．Chinese people usually ________red lanterns along the streets before the Spring Festival.A．hang B. hang outC．hung D. hung out5. Sorry, I'm too busy today. I have________homework to do.A．much too B．too muchC．too many D．many too6．—Sorry，I have to do my homework at home.—That's too ________．Maybe ________ time.A．bad；another B．bad；othersC．good；other D．good；another7．Don't disturb Allen now. He________for the Spelling Beecompetition.A．prepares B．preparedC．is preparing D．will prepare8．—Mrs. Black, I'm afraid that I'll ________．—Come on, dear! Take it easy. I'm sure you'll pass it.A. pass the examB. fail the examC. passed the examD. failed the exam9．—The Lianyungang Summer 2016 Opening Ceremony(开幕式) was ______ the evening of July 9th, wasn't it?—Yes, many pop stars attended it.A. onB. inC. forD. between10. Now he's studying hard ________ up with his classmates.A．catch B．catchesC．caught D．to catch⼆、⽤所给单词的适当形式完成句⼦11. We went bike _________(ride) together last week.12. I'd like _________(hang) out with Tom tomorrow.13．They are busy ______ (prepare) for the picnic on Sunday.14．When she is looking through the newspaper, “Teachers Wanted”________ (catch) her eye.15．—I can't help shaking because I feel so cold.—Oh, you must have the _________ (flu)．三、按要求完成句⼦16. Thank you for your help.(改为同义句)Thank_________ for ___________me.17. Can you go to the park with me？(作肯定回答)Sure，______ ______ ______.18. She has to help her mother with the dinner.(变否定句)She______ ______ ______help her mother with the dinner.19. Mike can come to the party.(改为⼀般疑问句)______ Mike ______ to the party?20. You needn't go to see the doctor. (改为同义句)You______ ______ ______ go to see the doctor.四、情景交际(有⼀项多余)Jack：We are invited to our teacher's house for dinner tomorrow.______21Lucy：It's not necessary to bring anything at all.Jack：Really？______22Lucy：If you really want to bring something，you can bring some toys for thekids.Jack：But I'm not sure if they will like them.Lucy：______23 I usually bring some flowers when it's hard to choose gifts.Jack：______24 I may also buy a small vase(花瓶)．Lucy：Great!Jack：Would you like to go with me to buy some flowers?答案⼀、1. A 2. B3. A点拨：⽤词义辨析法。
人教版八年级物理上册单元同步测试题及答案
人教版八年级物理上册单元同步测试题及答案限时训练1机械运动(时间30分钟)1．给下列数字填上适当的单位：一本物理课本的厚度约0.5__cm__；一位中学生的步行速度约1__m/s__。
2．(2019·上饶一模)2019年1月3日，“嫦娥四号”月球探测器实现了人类首次在月球背面登陆。
中继卫星“鹊桥”号用__电磁波__为“嫦娥四号”提供地月通信支持。
在发射升空过程中，以火箭为参照物，“嫦娥四号”月球探测器是__静止__(选填“运动”或“静止”)的。
3．如图所示，甲、乙两个物体同时从同一地点向东做直线运动，则两个物体的运动速度的大小关系是v甲__＞__v乙，以甲为参照物，乙在向__西__(选填“东”或“西”)运动。
4．(赣州宁都期中)甲、乙两相同的木块同时在同一水平面上运动，在相等时间内连续拍摄的“频闪”照片如图所示，分析木块的运动速度v甲__＜__v乙，木块受到的摩擦力f甲__＝__f乙。
(均选填“＞”“＝”或“＜”)5．小利参加体育测试时对一些物理量做了估测，与实际相符的是(C)A．一双运动鞋的质量是10 gB．小利跑完800 m所需时间是20 sC．小利跑步时的步幅约为1 mD．测试时当地平均气温约为60 ℃6．自行车是节能环保的交通工具，为了方便市民，某市在市区不同位置设立了自行车停取处。
一天，小明用卡取自行车去上学，如图所示，在行驶途中，他说自己是“静止”的，所选择的参照物是(C)A．公路两旁的房屋B．公路两旁的树C．他骑的自行车D．对面驶来的汽车7．(赣州宁都期中)下列语句中加线部分描绘的运动情景，选取山为参照物的是(D)A．两岸青山相对出，孤帆一片日边来C ．满眼风波多闪烁，看山恰似走来迎D ．两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山8．(江西中考)阳光明媚的春天，王爷爷带着三人驾着小汽车一起去春游，行驶途中，同一时刻四人在各自的座位上观察指针式速度表，观察到的数据如图所示，此时车的实际行驶速度应该是(A)A ．100 km/hB ．98 km/hC ．96 km/hD ．没有观察到9．(多选)某物体做匀速直线运动，由速度公式v ＝st可知，物体的(AD)A ．速度大小恒定不变B ．速度与路程成正比C ．速度与时间成反比D ．路程与时间成正比10．如图甲所示的是某物体运动的s t 图像，则图乙中能与之相对应的v t 图像是(B)11．(多选)如图所示各物理量之间关系的图像中，描述正确的是(ABC)A ．甲是探究水的沸腾特点时，水的温度与时间的关系B ．乙是物体的重力与质量的关系C ．丙是匀速直线运动物体速度与时间的关系D ．丁是液体内部压强与深度的关系12．如表是赣州至福州D6576次列车运行部分时刻表。
人教版八年级英语下册 Unit4单元同步测试卷(带单元重点知识)
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?重点短语1. too much 太多2.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事3. hang out 闲逛4. after-school class 课外辅导班5. got into a fight with 与……打架6. go to sleep 睡觉7. write sb. a letter给……写信8. call up 打电话9. so that以至于10. be good at 擅长于11. have a fight with 与……打架12. look through 仔细检查；翻看13. be angry with 生某人的气14. work out 解决15. get on/along with 和睦相处16. refuse to do 拒绝做某事17. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事18. all the time 一直19. communicate with 与……交流20. make sb. angry 使某人生气21. next time 下一次22. study for a test 复习备考23. leave sth. at/in…把某物忘在某地24. not …anymore 不再25. give sb. pressure 给某人施加压力26. get better grades 取得更好的成绩27. play sports 做运动28. cut out 删除29. have a quick dinner 匆匆吃饭pare…with…把……与……比较31. keep on doing 坚持做某事32. think of 想到33. worry about 担心34. agree with 同意重点语法1.提建议句型：（1）Why don’t you do... ...?=Why not do ... ...?（2）What/How about doing... ...?（3）Let’s do ... ...（4）Shall I/we do... ...?（5）You’d better (not) do ... ...（6）Would you like to do... ...?（7）Will/Would you please do... ...?（8）Would you mind doing... ...?练习：_________ taking a trip this weekend?A.Would you likeB.Let’sC.What aboutD.Why not2.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事否定形式：allow sb. not to do sth.3.leave... ...at 把... ...落在某地注意：有地点时只能用leave,没有地点时可以用forget—What's wrong, Jenny? —I ________ my textbook at home.A. forgetB. forgotC. leaveD. left4.work out 解决算出I really hope things ________.A．give away B．give out C．put off D．work out5.get on with与... ...和睦相处=get along with—How are you ________ with your parents? —Very well.A．getting to B．getting off C．getting on D．getting into6.argue with sb. about sth. 与某人争论某事I am not happy, because I argued ________ my best friend ________ the problem. A．for；about B．for；on C．with；about D．with；for7.whatever=no matter what 无论什么You can eat ________ you like. Help yourself.A．whatever B．whenever C．however D．whereverpare... ...with... ... 拿... ...和... ...作比较9.同义句转换：（1）not... ...until=after（2）not... ...anymore=not... ...anylonger=no more=no longer（3）instead+句子=instead of+单词、短语（4）get on with=get along with（5）offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.=provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.（6）communicate with sb.=have communicaton with sb.（7）refuse to do=turn down（8）in sb’s opinion=according to sb.作业：一、单选( )1. We lost the game ______ everyone played well.A. whenB. becauseC. untilD. although( )2. If you compare her work ______ his, you’ll find hers is much better.A. forB. withC. atD. on ( )3. There’s no coffee — would you like a cup of tea ______?A. insteadB. neitherC. everD. already ( )4. If there’s anything you don’t understand, I’ll be happy to ______.A. explainB. decideC. trainD. copy ( )5. It was a long time before I could get back into a car because I was very ______ about driving again after the accident.A. excitedB. nervousC. tiredD. angry( )6. His parents allow him ______ a movie once a week.A. to watchB. watchC. watchingD. watched( )7. Be nice to him — he is under a lot of ______ these days.A. pressureB. independenceC. experienceD. mind( )8. He picked up his book and ______ reading.A. forgotB. hatedC. continuedD. imagined( )9. —Mike found a new job.—I hope this new job ______ well for him.A. runs outB. works outC. finds outD. brings out( )10. I don’t mind you ______ a dog in the house so long as it’s clean.A. to pushB. pushingC. to keepD. keeping( )11. Last night, he offered ______ me home, but I refused.A. driveB. to driveC. drivingD. to driving ( )12. Everyone had a different ______ on the subject at the meeting.A. opinionB. adviceC. decisionD. discussion( )13. —______ buy a jacket for your brother on his birthday?—That’s a good idea.A. Why notB. WhyC. How aboutD. How to( )14. It’s difficult for a small supermarket to ______ with the big supermarkets.A. shareB. dropC. competeD. provide( )15. —My cousin always takes my things without asking.—______, I think.A. It’s rightB. It’s not a big dealC. It’s dangerousD. It’s not a good idea16. —What do you want to eat for lunch? I will prepare earlier today.—Honey, you ___. Let's go out to have something different.A. mustn'tB. can'tC. shouldn'tD. don't have to17.On school nights, my parents don't allow me ___ out.A. goB. goingC. to goD. went18.Maria ___ well with her classmates.A. gets upB. gets offC. gets onD. gets to19. ___ give them some good books?A. Why don'tB. What aboutC. Why don't youD. Would you like20. Would you mind me ___ you some questions about your family?A. askB. askingC. to askD. asked21.His father doesn’t allow him______swimming alone.A.goesB.to goC.goingD.go22.What’s ______with you?A.wrongB.the wrongC.matterD.up23. ______give him a watch?A.What aboutB.Let’sC.Why don’tD.Why don’t you24.You could save some money______you can buy a gift for your mother.A.in order toB.becauseC.soD.so that25.I think the result must ______him very much.A.surpriseB.surprisedC.surprisingD.surprises26.______he is very poor, ______he feels very happy.A.Although；butB.Although；/C.Because；soD.Because；/27.This math question is too difficult. Can you help me ______?A.work on itB.work out itC.work it outD.work for it28.He has two sons. They are Jim and Tom. Jim is Tom’s______brother.A.oldB.olderC.elderD.young29.The old man looks very unhappy, because he lives______,and he feels very ______.A.alone；aloneB.lonely；lonelyC.alone；lonelyD.lonely；alone30.He should ______the teacher.A.explainB.explain toC.explainedD.explained to31.—What’s wrong?—I can’t do my homework now. I______ my homework in the classroom this morning.A.leaveB.forgetC.forgotD.left32.I’m not sure. His father______ in the office.A.maybeB.may beC.mayD.is33.He is very angry with his mother, because his mother always______him with the best student.paresplainsC.tellsD.makes34.Is there______in this story?A.wonderful somethingB.something wonderfulC.wonderful anythingD.anything wonderful35.It is too loud.Please______the radio.A.turn onB.turn offC.turn downD.turn up二、完形填空Monday morning is an important time at our school. All of the students go to the playground. We listen to music, and we 36 the national flag (国旗) go up.Usually, one student gives a talk on Monday mornings. One Monday last year, a boy gave the talk. He was 37 and excited! When I saw him, I wanted to have a try, too.Can I really do it?Last week, our teacher said our class should give the talk. My teacher 38 me, “I know you want to have a try. Next Monday, you can give the talk. Go and write something down. Get ready for it. I’m sure you’ll do well.”“Thank you,” I answered. It was such a great 39 for me! When I got home, I was excited. I wrote two pages for the talk. I read them again and again. When I read, I asked my parents 40 . I wanted to make my teacher happy.Monday morning came. I began to feel 41 . When did I last give a talk to so many people? Never! This was my first time. Could I really do it? Maybe I couldn’t finish the talk.When I got to school, we all went out to playground. I 42 in front of everyone. I opened my mouth, but I couldn’t say anything.“Take it easy,” I said to 43 .“Don’t be nervous. You can do it.”Just then, I looked down at everyone. I saw about 1,000 eyes. They were all looking at me! I couldn’t even stand up.I looked at their eyes more carefully. Their eyes were saying, “You can do it! Don’t be afraid, just talk!”I 44 a big breath(呼吸).Then I began to talk. It wasn’t hard. It was easy.I don’t know 45 I finished my talk. But I did it. I felt so good that day. I showed myself to everyone what I can do.36.A.watch B.see C.notice D.look at37.A.surprising B.proud C.amazed D.careful38.A.asked B.asked for C.said to D.showed39.A.chance B.news C.time D.message40.A.to listen to B.to listen C.listen to D.listen41.A.excited B.happy C.nervous D.surprised42.A.stand B.stood C.was standing D.have stood43.A.me B.my class C.myself D.my parents44.A.took B.held C.put D.left45.A.when B.how C.why D.whether三、阅读理解Libraries give kids a quiet and safe place to read and learn. For over 100 years, libraries have played an important role in Americans' education. But how are these book-filled buildings changing with the times? You may be surprised to find out.Benjamin Franklin famously founded (创建) America's first lending library in 1731. But the public library system got its biggest development in the American history in the late 1800's. Businessman Andrew Carnegie donated millions of dollars to help build free public libraries across the country. Between 1886 and 1919, Carnegie's donations helped build 1, 679 new libraries.Carnegie believed that libraries could offer the chances to Americans, young and old. He knew that the more libraries there were, the more people would have opportunities to read and use books, speeches and news.If you can easily find a public library in your community (社区), you'll get more chances. After all, the United States has 9,225 public libraries. Today, libraries keep growing. Seven tenths of the libraries have free Internet. It provides much more information and opportunities to ask for jobs online.Libraries are also teaching kids about the fun of reading. The new program Read! Build! Play! adds reading into playtime. As kids listen to a book that is being read aloud, they use Legos (乐高积木) to build images (图像) from the story happily. Today's libraries are always looking for creative programs to bring people into the library.Benjamin Franklin once said, "The doors of wisdom (智慧) are never shut." As long as the doors of public libraries are open, what he said is most certainly correct!（）46. Benjamin Franklin founded the first lending library in ________.A．1731 B．1800 C．1886 D．1919（）47. How many public libraries have free Internet now?A．2767 B．6458 C．9225 D．1679（）48. The right order of the following statements is ________.①The public library system in America developed fast.①The first lending library was founded.① Libraries provide information and chances to ask for job online.① Libraries try to bring people into the library by using creative programs.A．①①①① B．①①①① C．①①①① D．①①①①（）49. The last paragraph mainly tells us ________.A．libraries have played an important role in Americans’ educationB．public libraries in the US should never close the doorsC．the writer doesn’t agree with Benjamin FranklinD．libraries help people to open the doors of wisdom（）50. The best title for the passage is ________.A．the libraries in the worldB．libraries and opportunitiesC．libraries teach kids to read and learnD．the development of the American libraries四、适当形式填空51. I don’t want _____(stay) at home alone.52. Why don’t you _____(write) a letter to your cousin?53. When I got home, I found my mother _____(cook) in the kitchen.54. We all hope to have more free time _____(relax).55. I ________(usual) just have a sandwich for lunch.56. Good ________(communicate) is important for business (业务).57. Phone me if there are any new ________(develop).58. It’s not right ________(copy) others’ homework.59. There was an _________ (argue) happened between Tom and Jack last night.60. Why don’t you sit down and ____________ (communication) with your brother?五、改写句子61. You could talk with him on the phone.(改为同义句)_____ _____ talk with him on the phone?62. He doesn’t play soccer anymore.(改为同义句)He _____ _____ plays soccer.63. I’ll watch TV after I finish my lessons.(改为同义句)I _____ watch TV _____ I finish my lessons.64. He gave my book back yesterday.(改为同义句)He _____ my book _____ me yesterday.65. He didn’t write to Jenny. Instead, he talked with her on the phone.(改为同义句) He talked with Jenny on the phone _____ _____ _____ to her.66. What's wrong with Jim?(改为同义句)What's _____ _____ with Jim?67. He had a good rest after he had lunch.(改为同义句)He _____ _____ a good rest _____ he had lunch.68. Please tell us what we should do next time.(改为同义句)Please tell us _____ _____ _____ next time.69.Why don’t you ask your teacher for help?（改为同义句）_____ ______ask your teacher for help?70.He would like to offer us some help.（改为同义句）He would like to_____some help_____ us.六、汉译英71.依我看，健康最重要。
人教版八年级物理下册单元同步测试题及答案.docx
人教版八年级物理下册单元同步测试题及答案限时训练7力运动和力（时间30分钟）1.如图所示，跳水运动员站在跳板上静止时，她受到的重力和支持力是一对.平衡力-（选填“平衡力”或“相互作用力”）。
运动员将跳板压弯，说明力可以改变物体的.形状-。
2.（2019-黄冈中考）泥石流是在暴雨天极易发生的自然灾害。
如果在野外突遇泥石流来袭，停留在泥石流下游低洼处是很危险的。
这是由于—重—力的作用，泥石流会涌向低洼处。
正确的逃生方法是朝着与泥石流—垂直_（选填“垂直”“相同”或“相反”）的方向迅速逃离到较高的地方。
泥石流向下游流动过程中，重力做功，重力势能主要转化成动能。
3.（2019-宜昌中考）消防员在紧急集合时，往往抓住一根竖直的杆从楼上滑下。
如果某消防员自身及装备质量共80 kg,当他抓着竖直的杆匀速下滑时，杆对人的摩擦力是800 N；接近地面时，他增大握力，则杆对手的摩擦力将一增大_ （选填“增大”"减小”或''不变”）。
（g=10N/kg）4.（2019-盐城中考）4月28日，马龙夺得2019年布达佩斯世乒赛男子单打冠军，成为54年来获得三连冠的第一人。
决赛中，马龙将迎面飞来的球扣回，这一现象表明球受到的作用力改变了球的一运动状态该力的施力物体是.球拍-,球离开球拍后，由于_惯性_仍向前运动。
5.（2019•葫芦岛中考）如图所示是央视《加油向未来》节目展示的一个大型科学实验。
一辆质量为130 t、处于悬浮状态的磁悬浮列车静止在水平轨道上，四个小学生就能将其拉动。
列车和轨道产生的磁性，是利用电流的—磁—效应。
列车受到的摩擦力很小，是通过一使接触面分离_的方法减小摩擦的。
运动的列车不容易停下来，是因为列车具有_惯性_。
6.小金对太空中的星球比较感兴趣，他从网上查得：甲、乙两个星球表面上物体的重力G与其质量"2的关系如图所示。
从图中信息可知，相同质量的物体在甲星球表面上的重力一大于_ （选填“大于” “等于”或“小于”）在乙星球表面上的重力。
人教版八年级课堂同步单元测试卷：2
八年级课堂同步单元测试卷：2.1声音的特性（同步测试卷）（测试时间：60min 满分：70分）一、选择题（每小题3分，共36分）1.2020年4月4日，北京天安门广场降下半旗，深切哀悼在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中牺牲的烈士和逝世同胞。
10时整，长安街川流不息的车辆停驶、地铁停运.……防空警报、汽笛、汽车喇叭……同时响起，行人伫立，民众神情肃穆、低头默哀3分钟。
以下说法不正确的是（）A.刺耳的汽笛声响度很大B.现场防空警报声是超声波C.区分汽笛和喇叭声主要因音色不同D.停驶的汽车相对于天安门是静止的2.关于声音的三个特征，下面说法中错误的是（）A.发声体每秒振动次数越多，音调就越高，响度越大B.人听到声音的大小跟距发声体的远近有关C.音色与发声体的结构、材料有关D.用力敲鼓，鼓面振幅越大，响度越大3.下列关于声现象的描述及其解释正确的是（）A.“公共场所不要大声喧哗”是要求人们在公共场所说话，音调要放低些B.“闻其声知其人”的依据是不同人的声音，其音色不同C.“不敢高声语，恐惊天上人”中的“高”指声音的频率高D.“余音绕梁，三日不绝”是描述声音的响度大4.演奏二胡时，手指上下移动按压琴弦的不同位置，可改变二胡发声的某一特征；其下方有一个共鸣箱，可用来增大二胡发声的另一特征。
前、后两种情况改变的乐音特征是（）A.响度音调B.音调响度C.音色响度D.音色音调5.如图所示，在扬声器的纸盆上撒些纸屑，当扬声器播放音乐时，原来静止在纸盆上的纸屑会跳动起来，而且声音越大，纸屑跳动得越剧烈。
根据纸屑跳动的幅度可以说明（）A.声速与频率的关系B.发声的物体在振动C.声音的响度与振幅的关系D.乐音与噪声的区别6.如图所示的四个实验中，能够探究声音的音调与频率关系的是（）A.发声的音叉靠近乒乓球B.抽出玻璃置内的空气C.用大小不同的力敲打鼓面D.用大小相同的力拨动伸出长度不同的直尺7.如图所示声波的波形图，下列说法不正确的是（）A.音调相同的只有图甲和图乙B.响度相同的有图甲、乙、丙C.图丙的响度比图丁大D.甲的音调比丙的音调高8.在抗击新型肺炎期间，为了防止人员扎堆聚集，防疫工作人员利用多功能手持便携式喊话器进行动员，起到了很好的宣传作用。
人教版(2023)初中物理八年级上册单元同步练习第一单元《机械运动》达标卷(原卷版)
《八年级物理上册同步单元达标检测（人教版）》第一单元《机械运动》达标检测卷（原卷版）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题（每小题4分，共24分）1．甲、乙两同学在平直的马路上骑车匀速前进，甲同学的速度比乙同学的大，以下说法正确的是（）A．甲运动的路程比乙长B．甲运动的时间比乙短C．在相同的时间内甲运动的路程比乙长D．运动相同的路程甲用的时间比乙长2．甲、乙两物体从同一地点同时向相同方向做直线运动，其s﹣t图象如图所示，由图象可知（）A．两物体在0～20s内都做匀速运动，且v甲＜v乙B．两物体在15～20s内都做匀速运动，且v甲＜v乙C．两物体在15s相遇，且0～15s内通过的路程相等D．两物体在20s相遇，且0～20s内通过的路程相等3．学习物理时经常要进行估测，下面是小英同学对自己身体相关物理量的估测，明显不合理的是（）A．体重大约是600 N B．身体的平均密度大约是1.0×103kg/m3C．脉搏跳动约70次/min D．手指甲的宽度约为1.0 mm4．一把钢尺在20℃时是准确的，如果在0℃时用它测量物体的长度，这样测得的结果会（）A．偏大 B．偏小 C．无法确定 D．对结果无影响。
5．甲车的速度是乙车的3倍，乙车行驶的路程是甲车的2倍，则甲、乙两车所用的时间之比是（）A．3：2 B．2：3 C．6：1 D．1：66．如图所示，是我国歼10战机空中加油的情景，以下面为参照物战机是运动的（）A．地面B．加油机C．歼10战机D．加油机里的飞行员二、填空题（每小题4分，共24分）7．2019年6月15日，成贵高铁成都至宜宾段正式开通运行，宜宾正式进入“高铁时代”．已知宜宾西到成都东路程约260km，列车以250km/h的速度匀速行驶，则从宜宾西到成都东大约需要_____h；如果以正在行驶的列车为参照物，铁路是____的．9．请在下面的数据后面填上合适的单位（1）一元硬币的直径是0.2_______________；（2）珠穆朗玛峰海拔高度8844.43_____________:（3）一瓶矿泉水的体积有550_______________（4）一个篮球的体积大约是9_________________．10．我们常用“频闪照片”来研究物体的运动。
人教版八年级初二数学第二学期平行四边形单元达标同步练习
人教版八年级初二数学第二学期平行四边形单元达标同步练习一、选择题1．如图，ABCD □中，4,60AB BC A ==∠=︒，连接BD ，将BCD 绕点B 旋转，当BD （即BD '）与AD 交于一点E ，BC （即BC '）与CD 交于一点F 时，给出以下结论：①AE DF =；②60BEF ∠=︒；③DEB DFB ∠=∠；④DEF 的周长的最小值是423+.其中正确的是( )A ．①②③B ．①②④C ．②③④D ．①③④2．如图，正方形ABCD 的边长为4，点E 在边AB 上，AE ＝1，若点P 为对角线BD 上的一个动点，则△PAE 周长的最小值是（ ）A ．3B ．4C ．5D ．63．如图，在正方形ABCD 中，4AB =，E 是对角线AC 上的动点，以DE 为边作正方形DEFG ，H 是CD 的中点，连接GH ，则GH 的最小值为（ ）A ．2B ．51-C ．2D ．422- 4． 如图，平行四边形ABCD 对角线AC 、BD 交于点O ，∠ADB=20°，∠ACB=50°，过点O 的直线交AD 于点E ，交BC 于点F 当点E 从点A 向点D 移动过程中（点E 与点A 、点D 不重合），四边形AFCE 的形状变化依次是（ ）A ．平行四边形→矩形→平行四边形→菱形→平行四边形B ．平行四边形→矩形→平行四边形→正方形→平行四边形C ．平行四边形→菱形→平行四边形→矩形→平行四边形D ．平行四边形→矩形→菱形→正方形→平行四边形5．如图，已知△ABC 的面积为24，点D 在线段AC 上，点F 在线段BC 的延长线上，且BF ＝4CF ，四边形DCFE 是平行四边形，则图中阴影部分的面积为（ ）A ．3B ．4C ．6D ．86．如图，在Rt ABC 中，90ACB ∠=︒，分别以AB ，AC ，BC 为边，在AB 的同侧作正方形ABHI ，ACFG ，BCED ．若图中两块阴影部分的面积分别记为1S ，2S ，则对1S ，2S 的大小判断正确的是（ ）A ．12S S >B ．12S SC ．12S S <D ．无法确定7．如图，在ABC 中，ACB 90∠=︒，2AC BC ==，D 是AB 的中点，点E 在AC 上，点F 在BC 上，且AE CF =，给出以下四个结论：（1）DE DF =；（2）DEF 是等腰直角三角形；（3）四边形CEDF 面积ABC 1S 2=△；（4）2EF 的最小值为2．其中正确的有（ ）．A ．4个B ．3个C ．2个D ．1个8．如图，在矩形ABCD 中，AB ＝8，BC ＝4．将矩形沿AC 折叠，CD ′与AB 交于点F ，则AF ：BF 的值为（ ）A ．2B ．53C ．54D ．39．如图，已知一个矩形纸片OACB ，将该纸片放置在平面直角坐标系中，点A （10，0），点B （0，6），点P 为BC 边上的动点，将△OBP 沿OP 折叠得到△OPD ，连接CD 、AD ．则下列结论中：①当∠BOP ＝45°时，四边形OBPD 为正方形；②当∠BOP ＝30°时，△OAD 的面积为15；③当P 在运动过程中，CD 的最小值为234﹣6；④当OD ⊥AD 时，BP ＝2．其中结论正确的有（ ）A ．1个B ．2个C ．3个D ．4个10．如图，矩形ABCD 中，O 为AC 的中点，过点O 的直线分别与AB 、CD 交于点E 、F ，连接BF 交AC 于点M ，连接DE 、BO ．若60COB ∠=︒，2FO FC ==，则下列结论：①FB OC ⊥；②EOB CMB △≌△；③四边形EBFD 是菱形；④23MB =．其中正确结论的个数是( )A ．1个B ．2个C ．3个D ．4个二、填空题11．如图，正方形ABCD 的边长为4，点E 为CD 边上的一个动点，以CE 为边向外作正方形ECFG ，连结BG ，点H 为BG 中点，连结EH ，则EH 的最小值为______12．如图，在平面直角坐标系中，矩形ABCO 的边CO 、OA 分别在x 轴、y 轴上，点E 在边BC 上，将该矩形沿AE 折叠，点B 恰好落在边OC 上的F 处．若OA ＝8，CF ＝4，则点E 的坐标是_____．13．如图，在矩形ABCD 中，4AB =，2AD =，E 为边CD 的中点，点P 在线段AB 上运动，F 是CP 的中点，则CEF ∆的周长的最小值是____________．14．如图，在矩形ABCD 中，AD ＝2AB ，∠BAD 的平分线交BC 于点E ，DH ⊥AE 于点H ，连接BH 并延长交CD 于点F ，连接DE 交BF 于点O ，下列结论：①∠AED ＝∠CED ；②OE ＝OD ；③BH ＝HF ；④BC ﹣CF ＝2HE ；⑤AB ＝HF ，其中正确的有_____．15．如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠BAC ＝90°，AB ＝8，AC ＝6，以BC 为一边作正方形BDEC 设正方形的对称中心为O ，连接AO ，则AO ＝_____．16．如图，在菱形ABCD 中，AC 交BD 于P ，E 为BC 上一点，AE 交BD 于F ，若AB=AE ，EAD 2BAE ∠∠=，则下列结论：①AF=AP ；②AE=FD ；③BE=AF ．正确的是______（填序号）．17．如图，矩形ABCD 的面积为36，BE 平分ABD ∠，交AD 于E ，沿BE 将ABE ∆折叠，点A 的对应点刚好落在矩形两条对角线的交点F 处．则ABE ∆的面积为________．18．已知：一组邻边分别为6cm 和10cm 的平行四边形ABCD ，DAB ∠和ABC ∠的平分线分别交CD 所在直线于点E ，F ，则线段EF 的长为________cm ．19．如图，长方形ABCD 中AB ＝2，BC ＝4，正方形AEFG 的边长为1．正方形AEFG 绕点A 旋转的过程中，线段CF 的长的最小值为_____．20．如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠ACB ＝90°，AC ＝8，BC ＝6，点D 为平面内动点，且满足AD ＝4，连接BD ，取BD 的中点E ，连接CE ，则CE 的最大值为_____．三、解答题21．如图，点E 为▱ABCD 的边AD 上的一点，连接EB 并延长，使BF ＝BE ，连接EC 并延长，使CG ＝CE ，连接FG ．H 为FG 的中点，连接DH ，AF ．（1）若∠BAE ＝70°，∠DCE ＝20°，求∠DEC 的度数；（2）求证：四边形AFHD 为平行四边形；（3）连接EH ，交BC 于点O ，若OC ＝OH ，求证：EF ⊥EG ．22．已知：如图，在△ABC 中，D 是BC 边上的一点，E 是AD 的中点，过点A 作BC 的平行线交于BE 的延长线于点F ，且AF=DC ，连接CF ．（1）求证：D 是BC 的中点；（2）如果AB=AC ，试判断四边形ADCF 的形状，并证明你的结论．23．如图，在正方形ABCD 中，E 是边AB 上的一动点（不与点A 、B 重合），连接DE ，点A 关于直线DE 的对称点为F ，连接EF 并延长交BC 于点G ，连接DG ，过点E 作EH DE ⊥交DG 的延长线于点H ，连接BH ．（1）求证：GF GC =；（2）用等式表示线段BH 与AE 的数量关系，并证明．24．如图，在Rt ABC ∆中，90,40,60B AC cm A ∠=︒=∠=︒，点D 从点C 出发沿CA 方向以4/cm 秒的速度向点A 匀速运动，同时点E 从点A 出发沿AB 方向以2/cm 秒的速度向点B 匀速运动，当其中一个点到达终点时，另一个地点也随之停止运动.设点,D E 运动的时间是t 秒（010t <≤）.过点D 作DF BC ⊥于点F ，连接,DE EF .（1）试问四边形AEFD 能够成为菱形吗？如果能，求出相应的t 值；如果不能，请说明理由；（2）当t 为何值时，90FDE ∠=︒？请说明理由.25．如图所示，四边形ABCD是正方形，M是AB延长线上一点．直角三角尺的一条直角边经过点D，且直角顶点E在AB边上滑动(点E不与点A B、重合)，另一直角边与CBM∠的平分线BF相交于点F．(1)求证: ADE FEM∠=∠;(2)如图(1)，当点E在AB边的中点位置时，猜想DE与EF的数量关系，并证明你的猜想;(3)如图(2)，当点E在AB边(除两端点)上的任意位置时，猜想此时DE与EF有怎样的数量关系，并证明你的猜想．26．如图①，已知正方形ABCD中，E，F分别是边AD，CD上的点(点E，F不与端点重合)，且AE=DF，BE，AF交于点P，过点C作CH⊥BE交BE于点H．（1）求证：AF∥CH；（2）若3，AE=2，试求线段PH的长；（3）如图②，连结CP并延长交AD于点Q，若点H是BP的中点，试求CPPQ的值．27．如图①，已知正方形ABCD的边长为3，点Q是AD边上的一个动点，点A关于直线BQ的对称点是点P，连接QP、DP、CP、BP，设AQ=x．（1）BP＋DP的最小值是_______，此时x的值是_______；（2）如图②，若QP的延长线交CD边于点M，并且∠CPD=90°．①求证：点M是CD的中点；②求x的值．（3）若点Q 是射线AD 上的一个动点，请直接写出当△CDP 为等腰三角形时x 的值．28．如图，点A 的坐标为(6,6)-，AB x ⊥轴，垂足为B ，AC y ⊥轴，垂足为C ，点,D E 分别是射线BO 、OC 上的动点，且点D 不与点B 、O 重合，45DAE ︒∠=.（1）如图1，当点D 在线段BO 上时，求DOE ∆的周长；（2）如图2，当点D 在线段BO 的延长线上时，设ADE ∆的面积为1S ，DOE ∆的面积为2S ，请猜想1S 与2S 之间的等量关系，并证明你的猜想.29．如图，在四边形ABCD 中，AD BC =，AD BC ∥，连接AC ，点P 、E 分别在AB 、CD 上，连接PE ，PE 与AC 交于点F ，连接PC ，D ∠=BAC ∠，DAE AEP ∠=∠． （1）判断四边形PBCE 的形状，并说明理由；（2）求证：CP AE =；（3）当P 为AB 的中点时，四边形APCE 是什么特殊四边形？请说明理由．30．（问题情境）在△ABC 中，AB=AC ，点P 为BC 所在直线上的任一点，过点P 作PD ⊥AB ，PE ⊥AC ，垂足分别为D 、E ，过点C 作CF ⊥AB ，垂足为F ．当P 在BC 边上时（如图1），求证：PD+PE=CF ．图① 图② 图③证明思路是：如图2，连接AP，由△ABP与△ACP面积之和等于△ABC的面积可以证得：PD+PE=CF．（不要证明）（变式探究）当点P在CB延长线上时，其余条件不变（如图3）.试探索PD、PE、CF之间的数量关系并说明理由.请运用上述解答中所积累的经验和方法完成下列两题：（结论运用）如图4，将长方形ABCD沿EF折叠，使点D落在点B上，点C落在点C′处，点P为折痕EF 上的任一点，过点P作PG⊥BE、PH⊥BC，垂足分别为G、H，若AD=8，CF=3，求PG+PH 的值；（迁移拓展）在直角坐标系中.直线l1：y=443x-+与直线l2：y=2x+4相交于点A，直线l1、l2与x轴分别交于点B、点C．点P是直线l2上一个动点,若点P到直线l1的距离为1.求点P的坐标.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【分析】根据题意可证△ABE≌△BDF，可判断①②③，由△DEF的周长=DE+DF+EF=AD+EF=4+EF，则当EF最小时△DEF的周长最小，根据垂线段最短，可得BE⊥AD时，BE最小，即EF最小，即可求此时△BDE周长最小值．【详解】解：∵AB=BC=CD=AD=4，∠A=∠C=60°∴△ABD，△BCD为等边三角形，∴∠A=∠BDC=60°，∵将△BCD绕点B旋转到△BC'D'位置，∴∠ABD'=∠DBC'，且AB=BD，∠A=∠DBC'，∴△ABE≌△BFD，∴AE=DF，BE=BF，∠AEB=∠BFD，∴∠BED+∠BFD=180°，故①正确，③错误；∵∠ABD=60°，∠ABE=∠DBF，∴∠EBF=60°，故②正确∵△DEF的周长=DE+DF+EF=AD+EF=4+EF，∴当EF最小时，∵△DEF的周长最小．∵∠EBF=60°，BE=BF，∴△BEF是等边三角形，∴EF=BE，∴当BE⊥AD时，BE长度最小，即EF长度最小，∵AB=4，∠A=60°，BE⊥AD，∴EB=∴△DEF的周长最小值为4+故④正确，综上所述：①②④说法正确，故选：B．【点睛】本题考查了旋转的性质，等边三角形的性质，平行四边形的性质，最短路径问题，关键是灵活运用这些性质解决问题．2．D解析：D【分析】连接AC、CE，CE交BD于P，此时AP+PE的值最小，求出CE长，即可求出答案．【详解】解：连接AC、CE，CE交BD于P，连接AP、PE，∵四边形ABCD是正方形，∴OA＝OC，AC⊥BD，即A和C关于BD对称，∴AP＝CP，即AP+PE＝CE，此时AP+PE的值最小，所以此时△PAE周长的值最小，∵正方形ABCD的边长为4，点E在边AB上，AE＝1，∴∠ABC＝90°，BE＝4﹣1＝3，由勾股定理得：CE＝5，∴△PAE的周长的最小值是AP+PE+AE＝CE+AE＝5+1＝6，故选D．【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质与轴对称——最短路径问题，知识点比较综合，属于较难题型. 3．A解析：A【分析】取AD中点O，连接OE，得到△ODE≌△HDG，得到OE=HG,当OE⊥AC时，OE有最小值，此时△AOE是等腰直角三角形，OE=AE，再根据正方形及勾股定理求出OE，即可得到GH 的长．【详解】取AD中点O，连接OE，得到△ODE≌△HDG，得到OE=HG,当OE⊥AC时，OE有最小值，此时△AOE是等腰直角三角形，OE=AE，∵AD=AB=4,∴AO=12AB=2在Rt△AOE中，由勾股定理可得OE2+AE2=AO2=4,即2OE2=4解得2∴GH2故选A．【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质,根据题意确定E点的位置是解题关键．4．C解析：C【分析】先判断出点E在移动过程中，四边形AECF始终是平行四边形，当∠AFC=80°时，四边形AECF是菱形，当∠AFC=90°时，四边形AECF是矩形，即可求解．【详解】解：∵点O是平行四边形ABCD的对角线得交点，∴OA=OC，AD∥BC，∴∠ACF=∠CAD，∠ADB=∠DBC=20°∵∠COF=∠AOE，OA=OC，∠DAC=∠ACF∴△AOE≌△COF（ASA），∴AE=CF，∵AE∥CF，∴四边形AECF是平行四边形，∵∠ADB=∠DBC=20°，∠ACB=50°，∴∠AFC＞20°当∠AFC=80°时，∠FAC=180°-80°-50°=50°∴∠FAC=∠ACB=50°∴AF=FC∴平行四边形AECF是菱形当∠AFC=90°时，平行四边形AECF是矩形∴综上述，当点E从D点向A点移动过程中（点E与点D，A不重合），则四边形AFCE的变化是：平行四边形→菱形→平行四边形→矩形→平行四边形．故选：C．【点睛】本题考查了平行四边形、矩形、菱形的判定的应用，主要考查学生的理解能力和推理能力，题目比较好，难度适中．5．D解析：D【分析】连接EC，过A作AM∥BC交FE的延长线于M，求出平行四边形ACFM，根据等底等高的三角形面积相等得出△BDE的面积和△CDE的面积相等，△ADE的面积和△AME的面积相等，推出阴影部分的面积等于平行四边形ACFM的面积的一半，求出CF×h CF的值即可．【详解】连接DE、EC，过A作AM∥BC交FE的延长线于M，∵四边形CDEF是平行四边形，∴DE∥CF，EF∥CD，∴AM∥DE∥CF，AC∥FM，∴四边形ACFM是平行四边形，∵△BDE边DE上的高和△CDE的边DE上的高相同，∴△BDE的面积和△CDE的面积相等，同理△ADE的面积和△AME的面积相等，即阴影部分的面积等于平行四边形ACFM的面积的一半，是12×CF×h CF，∵△ABC的面积是24，BC＝3CF∴12BC×h BC＝12×3CF×h CF＝24，∴CF×h CF＝16，∴阴影部分的面积是12×16＝8，故选：D．【点睛】此题考查平行四边形的判定及性质，同底等高三角形面积的关系，解题中注意阴影部分面积的求法，根据图形的特点选择正确的求法是解题的关键.6．B解析：B【分析】连接EH，过点H作HK⊥BF于点K，令AE与BH交于点J，HL与BF交于点L，根据已知条件易证△BHK≌△ABC，继而由全等三角形的性质得S△BHK＝S△ABC，BC＝HK，∠ABC＝∠BHK，再由全等三角形的判定可得△BCJ≌△HKL，进而可得S1＝S△BHK＝S△ABC，由正方形的性质和全等三角形的判定可知△ABC≌△AIG，继而可得S△ABC＝S△AIG＝S2，等量代换即可求解．【详解】解：连接EH，过点H作HK⊥BF于点K，令AE与BH交于点J，HL与BF交于点L，由题意可知：四边形BCED是正方形，四边形ACFG是正方形，四边形ABHI是正方形，∠ACB＝90°∴∠CEH＝∠ECK＝90° ,CE＝BC∵∠BKH＝90°,∴四边形CEHK是矩形，∴ CE＝HK又∠HBK＋∠ABC＝90°, ∠BAC＋∠ABC＝90°∴∠HBK＝∠BAC∴△BHK≌△ABC（AAS）∴S△BHK＝S△ABC，BC＝HK，∠ABC＝∠BHK，∵∠ABC＋∠CBJ＝90°，∠BHK＋∠KHL＝90°∴∠CBJ＝∠KHL∴△BCJ≌△HKL（ASA）∴S△BCJ＝S△HKL，∴S1＝S△BHK＝S△ABC，∵四边形ACFG是正方形，四边形ABHI是正方形，∴AB＝AI，AC＝AG，∠G＝∠ACB＝90°∴△ABC≌△AIG（SAS）∴S△ABC＝S△AIG＝S2，即S1＝S2故选：B【点睛】本题主要考查正方形的性质，全等三角形的判定及其性质，解题的关键是熟练掌握正方形的性质及全等三角形的判定方法．7．A解析：A【分析】⊥，从而证明ADE≌CDF且根据等腰三角形的性质，可得到：CD ABADC90∠=︒，即证明DE DF=和DEF是等腰直角三角形，以及四边形CEDF面积ABC 1S 2=△；再根据勾股定理求得EF ，即可得到答案． 【详解】∵ACB 90∠=︒，2AC BC ==∴AB ==∴A B 45∠=∠=︒∵点D 是AB 的中点∴CD AB ⊥，且1AD BD CD AB 2====∴DCB 45∠=︒∴A DCF ∠∠=，在ADE 和CDF 中 AD CD A DCF AE CF =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩∴ADE ≌()CDF SAS∴DE DF =，ADE CDF ∠∠=∵CD AB ⊥∴ADC 90∠=︒∴EDF EDC CDF EDC ADE ADC 90∠∠∠∠∠∠=+=+==︒∴DEF 是等腰直角三角形∵ADE ≌CDF∴ADE 和CDF 的面积相等∵D 为AB 中点∴ADC 的面积1ABC 2=的面积 ∴四边形CEDF 面积EDC CDF EDC ADE ADC ABC 1S S S S S S 2=+=+==；当DE AC ⊥，DF BC ⊥时，2EF 值最小根据勾股定理得：222EFDE DF =+此时四边形CEDF 是正方形即EF CD ==∴22EF 2==∴正确的个数是4个故选：A ．【点睛】本题考察了等腰三角形、全等三角形、正方形、直角三角形、勾股定理的知识；解题的关键是熟练掌握等腰三角形、全等三角形、正方形、直角三角形的性质，从而完成求解．8．B解析：B【分析】由折叠的性质可得∠DCA ＝∠ACF ，由平行线的性质可得∠DCA ＝∠CAB ＝∠ACF ，可得FA ＝FC ，设BF ＝x ，在Rt △BCF 中，根据CF 2＝BC 2+BF 2，可得方程（8﹣x ）2＝x 2+42，可求BF ＝3，AF ＝5，即可求解．【详解】解：设BF ＝x ，∵将矩形沿AC 折叠，∴∠DCA ＝∠ACF ，∵四边形ABCD 是矩形，∴CD ∥AB ，∴∠DCA ＝∠CAB ＝∠ACF ，∴FA ＝FC ＝8﹣x ，在Rt △BCF 中，∵CF 2＝BC 2+BF 2，∴（8﹣x ）2＝x 2+42，∴x ＝3，∴BF ＝3，∴AF ＝5，∴AF ：BF 的值为53， 故选：B ．【点睛】本题考查矩形的性质、翻折变换、勾股定理等知识，解题的关键是灵活运用所学知识解决问题，属于中考常考题型． 9．D解析：D【分析】①由矩形的性质得到90OBC ∠=︒，根据折叠的性质得到OB OD =，90PDO OBP ，BOP DOP ∠=∠，推出四边形OBPD 是矩形，根据正方形的判定定理即可得到四边形OBPD 为正方形；故①正确；②过D 作DH OA ⊥于H ，得到10OA =，6OB =，根据直角三角形的性质得到132DH OD ，根据三角形的面积公式得到OAD ∆的面积为113101522OA DH ，故②正确； ③连接OC ，于是得到OD CD OC ，即当OD CD OC +=时，CD 取最小值，根据勾股定理得到CD 的最小值为6；故③正确；④根据已知条件推出P ，D ，A 三点共线，根据平行线的性质得到OPB POA ，等量代换得到OPA POA ，求得10AP OA ，根据勾股定理得到1082BP BC CP ，故④正确．【详解】解：①四边形OACB 是矩形，90OBC ∴∠=︒，将OBP ∆沿OP 折叠得到OPD ∆，OB OD ∴=，90PDO OBP ，BOP DOP ∠=∠，45BOP ，45DOP BOP ，90BOD =∴∠︒，90BOD OBP ODP ，∴四边形OBPD 是矩形，OB OD =，∴四边形OBPD 为正方形；故①正确；②过D 作DH OA ⊥于H ，点(10,0)A ，点(0,6)B ，10OA ∴=，6OB =，6OD OB，30BOP DOP ， 30DOA ， 132DH OD ，OAD ∴∆的面积为113101522OA DH ，故②正确； ③连接OC ，则OD CD OC ，即当OD CD OC +=时，CD 取最小值，6ACOB ，10OA =， 2222106234OC OA AC ，2346CD OC OD ，即CD 的最小值为6；故③正确；④⊥OD AD ， 90ADO ∴∠=︒， 90ODP OBP ，180ADP ，P ∴，D ，A 三点共线，//OA CB ，OPB POA ， OPBOPD ， OPA POA ，AP OA，10AC ，622CP，1068BP BC CP，故④正确；1082故选：D．【点睛】本题考查了正方形的判定和性质，矩形的判定和性质，折叠的性质，勾股定理，三角形的面积的计算，正确的识别图形是解题的关键．10．B解析：B【分析】连接BD，先证明△BOC是等边三角形，得出BO=BC，又FO=FC，从而可得出FB⊥OC，故①正确；因为△EOB≌△FOB≌△FCB，故△EOB不会全等于△CBM，故②错误；再证明四边形EBFD是平行四边形，由OB⊥EF推出四边形EBFD是菱形，故③正确；先在Rt△BCF 中，可求出BC的长，再在Rt△BCM中求出BM的长，从而可知④错误，最后可得到答案．【详解】解：连接BD，∵四边形ABCD是矩形，∴AC=BD，AC、BD互相平分，∵O为AC中点，∴BD也过O点，∴OB=OC，∵∠COB=60°，∴△OBC是等边三角形，∴OB=BC，又FO=FC，BF=BF，∴△OBF≌△CBF（SSS），∴△OBF与△CBF关于直线BF对称，∴FB⊥OC，∴①正确；∵∠OBC=60°，∴∠ABO=30°，∵△OBF ≌△CBF ，∴∠OBM=∠CBM=30°，∴∠ABO=∠OBF ，∵AB ∥CD ，∴∠OCF=∠OAE ，∵OA=OC ，易证△AOE ≌△COF ，∴OE=OF ，∵OB=OD ，∴四边形EBFD 是平行四边形．又∠EBO=∠OBF ，OE=OF ，∴OB ⊥EF ，∴四边形EBFD 是菱形，∴③正确；∵由①②知△EOB ≌△FOB ≌△FCB ，∴△EOB ≌△CMB 错误，∴②错误；∵FC=2，∠OBC=60°，∠OBF=∠CBF ，∴∠CBF=30°，∴BF=2CF=4，∴，∴CM=12BM=3，故④错误． 综上可知其中正确结论的个数是2个．故选：B ．【点睛】本题考查矩形的性质、菱形的判定、等边三角形的判定和性质、全等三角形的判定和性质、含30°的直角三角形的性质以及勾股定理等知识，解题的关键是灵活运用这些知识解决问题，属于中考常考题型．二、填空题11【分析】过B 点作HE 的平行线交AC 于O 点，延长EG 交AB 于I 点，得到BO=2HE ，其中O 点在线段AC 上运动，再由点到直线的距离垂线段最短求出BO 的长即可求解．【详解】解：过B 点作HE 的平行线交AC 于O 点，延长EG 交AB 于I 点，如下图所示：∵H是BG的中点，且BO与HE平行，∴HE为△BOG的中位线，且BO=2HE，故要使得HE最短，只需要BO最短即可，当E点位于C点时，则O点与C点重合，当E点位于D点时，则O点与A点重合，故E点在CD上运动时，O点在AC上运动，由点到直线的距离垂线段最短可知，当BO⊥AC时，此时BO最短，∵四边形ABCD是正方形，∴△BOC为等腰直角三角形，且BC=4，、∴2222BO,∴122HE BO，2【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质，等腰直角三角形的性质，点到直线的距离垂线段最短等知识点，本题的关键是要学会将要求的HE线段长转移到线段BO上．12．(-10，3)【解析】试题分析：根据题意可知△CEF∽△OFA，可根据相似三角形的性质对应边成比例，可求得OF=2CE，设CE=x，则BE=8-x，然后根据折叠的性质，可得EF=8-x，根据勾股定理可得2224(8)x x+=-，解得x=3，则OF=6，所以OC=10，由此可得点E的坐标为（-10，3）.故答案为：（-10，3）13．222【分析】由题意根据三角形的中位线的性质得到EF=12PD，得到C△CEF=CE+CF+EF=CE+12（CP+PD）=12（CD+PC+PD）=12C△CDP，当△CDP的周长最小时，△CEF的周长最小；即PC+PD的值最小时，△CEF的周长最小；并作D关于AB的对称点D′，连接CD′交AB于P，进而分析即可得到结论．【详解】解：∵E为CD中点，F为CP中点，∴EF=12 PD，∴C△CEF=CE+CF+EF=CE+12（CP+PD）=12（CD+PC+PD）=12C△CDP∴当△CDP的周长最小时，△CEF的周长最小；即PC+PD的值最小时，△CEF的周长最小；如图，作D关于AB的对称点T，连接CT，则PD=PT，∵AD=AT=BC=2，CD=4，∠CDT=90°，∴22224442CT CD DT++=∵△CDP的周长=CD+DP+PC=CD+PT+PC，∵PT+PC≥CT，∴PT+PC≥42∴PT+PC的最小值为2，∴△PDC的最小值为4+42∴C△CEF=12C△CDP=222．故答案为：222．【点睛】本题考查轴对称-最短距离问题以及三角形的周长的计算等知识，解题的关键是学会利用轴对称解决最值问题．14．①②③④【分析】①根据角平分线的定义可得∠BAE=∠DAE=45°，可得出△ABE是等腰直角三角形，根据等腰直角三角形的性质可得AE2=，从而得到AE=AD，然后利用“角角边”证明△ABE 和△AHD全等，根据全等三角形对应边相等可得BE=DH，再根据等腰三角形两底角相等求出∠ADE =∠AED =67.5°，根据平角等于180°求出∠CED =67.5°，从而判断出①正确； ②求出∠AHB =67.5°，∠DHO =∠ODH =22.5°，然后根据等角对等边可得OE =OD =OH ，判断出②正确；③求出∠EBH =∠OHD =22.5°，∠AEB =∠HDF =45°，然后利用“角边角”证明△BEH 和△HDF 全等，根据全等三角形对应边相等可得BH =HF ，判断出③正确；④根据全等三角形对应边相等可得DF =HE ，然后根据HE =AE ﹣AH =BC ﹣CD ，BC ﹣CF =BC ﹣（CD ﹣DF ）=2HE ，判断出④正确；⑤判断出△ABH 不是等边三角形，从而得到AB ≠BH ，即AB ≠HF ，得到⑤错误．【详解】∵在矩形ABCD 中，AE 平分∠BAD ，∴∠BAE =∠DAE =45°，∴△ABE 是等腰直角三角形，∴AE =． ∵AD =，∴AE =AD ．在△ABE 和△AHD 中，∵90BAE DAE ABE AHD AE AD ∠=∠⎧⎪∠=∠=︒⎨⎪=⎩，∴△ABE ≌△AHD （AAS ），∴BE =DH ，∴AB =BE =AH =HD ，∴∠ADE =∠AED 12=（180°﹣45°）=67.5°，∴∠CED =180°﹣45°﹣67.5°=67.5°，∴∠AED =∠CED ，故①正确；∵∠AHB 12=（180°﹣45°）=67.5°，∠OHE =∠AHB （对顶角相等），∴∠OHE =∠AED ，∴OE =OH ．∵∠DOH =90°﹣67.5°=22.5°，∠ODH =67.5°﹣45°=22.5°，∴∠DOH =∠ODH ，∴OH =OD ，∴OE =OD =OH ，故②正确；∵∠EBH =90°﹣67.5°=22.5°，∴∠EBH =∠OHD ．在△BEH 和△HDF 中，∵EBH OHD BE DH AEB HDF ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩，∴△BEH ≌△HDF （ASA ），∴BH =HF ，HE =DF ，故③正确；由上述①、②、③可得CD =BE 、DF =EH =CE ，CF =CD ﹣DF ，∴BC ﹣CF =（CD +HE ）﹣（CD ﹣HE ）=2HE ，所以④正确；∵AB =AH ，∠BAE =45°，∴△ABH 不是等边三角形，∴AB ≠BH ，∴即AB ≠HF ，故⑤错误；综上所述：结论正确的是①②③④．故答案为①②③④．【点睛】本题考查了矩形的性质，全等三角形的判定与性质，角平分线的定义，等腰三角形的判定与性质，熟记各性质并仔细分析题目条件，根据相等的度数求出相等的角，从而得到三角形全等的条件或判断出等腰三角形是解题的关键，也是本题的难点．15．72；【分析】连接AO 、BO 、CO ，过O 作FO ⊥AO ，交AB 的延长线于F ，判定△AOC ≌△FOB （ASA ），即可得出AO=FO ，FB=AC=6，进而得到AF=8+6=14，∠FAO=45°，根据AO=AF×cos45°进行计算即可．【详解】解：连接AO 、BO 、CO ，过O 作FO ⊥AO ，交AB 的延长线于F ，∵O 是正方形DBCE 的对称中心，∴BO=CO ，∠BOC=90°，∵FO ⊥AO ，∴∠AOF=90°，∴∠BOC=∠AOF ，即∠AOC+∠BOA=∠FBO+∠BOA ，∴∠AOC=∠FBO ，∵∠BAC=90°，∴在四边形ABOC 中，∠ACO+∠ABO=180°，∵∠FBO+∠ABO=180°， ∴∠ACO=∠FBO ，在△AOC 和△FOB 中，AOC FOB AO FOACO FBO ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩， ∴△AOC ≌△FOB （ASA ），∴AO=FO ，FB=FC=6，∴AF=8+6=14，∠FAO=∠OFA=45°，∴AO=AF×cos45°2=2 故答案为2．【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质和全等三角形的判定与性质．本题的关键是通过作辅助线来构建全等三角形，然后将已知和所求线段转化到直角三角形中进行计算．16．②③根据菱形的性质可知AC⊥BD，所以在Rt△AFP中，AF一定大于AP，从而判断①；设∠BAE=x，然后根据等腰三角形两底角相等表示出∠ABE，再根据菱形的邻角互补求出∠ABE，根据三角形内角和定理列出方程，求出x的值，求出∠BFE和∠BE的度数，从而判断②③．【详解】解：在菱形ABCD中，AC⊥BD，∴在Rt△AFP中，AF一定大于AP，故①错误；∵四边形ABCD是菱形，∴AD∥BC，∴∠ABE+∠BAE+∠EAD=180°，设∠BAE=x°，则∠EAD=2x°，∠ABE=180°-x°-2x°，∵AB=AE，∠BAE=x°，∴∠ABE=∠AEB=180°-x°-2x°，由三角形内角和定理得：x+180-x-2x+180-x-2x=180，解得：x=36，即∠BAE=36°，∠BAE=180°-36°-2×36°=70°，∵四边形ABCD是菱形，∴∠BAD=∠CBD=12∠ABE=36°，∴∠BFE=∠ABD+∠BAE=36°+36°=72°，∴∠BEF=180°-36°-72°=72°，∴BE=BF=AF．故③正确∵∠AFD=∠BFE=72°，∠EAD=2x°=72°∴∠AFD=∠EAD∴AD=FD又∵AD=AB=AE∴AE=FD，故②正确∴正确的有②③故答案为：②③【点睛】本题考查了菱形的性质，等腰三角形的性质，熟记各性质并列出关于∠BAE的方程是解题的关键，注意：菱形的对边平行，菱形的对角线平分一组对角．17．6【分析】先证明△AEB≌△FEB≌△DEF，从而可知S△ABE =13S△DAB，即可求得△ABE的面积．解：由折叠的性质可知：△AEB≌△FEB ∴∠EFB=∠EAB=90°∵ABCD为矩形∴DF=FB∴EF垂直平分DB∴ED=EB在△DEF和△BEF中DF=BF EF=EF ED=EB∴△DEF≌△BEF∴△AEB≌△FEB≌△DEF∴13666AEB FEB DEF ABCDS S S S∆∆∆====⨯=矩形．故答案为6．【点睛】本题主要考查的是折叠的性质、矩形的性质、线段垂直平分线的性质和判定、全等三角形的判定和性质，证得△AEB≌△FEB≌△DEF是解题的关键．18．2或14【分析】利用当AB=10cm,AD=6cm，由于平行四边形的两组对边互相平行，又AE平分∠BAD，由此可以推出所以∠BAE=∠DAE，则DE=AD=6cm；同理可得：CF=CB=6cm，而EF=CF+DE-DC，由此可以求出EF长；同理可得：当AD=10cm,AB=6cm时，可以求出EF长【详解】解：如图1，当AB=10cm,AD=6cm∵AE平分∠BAD∴∠BAE=∠DAE，又∵AD∥CB∴∠EAB=∠DEA，∴∠DAE=∠AED，则AD=DE=6cm同理可得：CF=CB=6cm∵EF=DE+CF-DC=6+6-10=2(cm)如图2，当AD=10cm,AB=6cm,∵AE平分∠BAD，∴∠BAE=∠DAE又∵AD∥CB∴∠EAB=∠DEA，∴∠DAE=∠AED则AD=DE=10cm同理可得，CF=CB=10cm EF=DE+CF-DC=10+10-6=14（cm）故答案为：2或14.图1 图2【点睛】本题主要考查了角平分线的定义、平行四边形的性质、平行线的性质等知识，关键是平行四边形的不同可能性进行分类讨论．19．25﹣2【分析】连接AF，CF，AC，利用勾股定理求出AC、AF，再根据三角形的三边关系得到当点A，F，C在同一直线上时，CF的长最小，最小值为25﹣2.【详解】解：如图，连接AF，CF，AC，∵长方形ABCD中AB＝2，BC＝4，正方形AEFG的边长为1，∴AC＝25，AF＝2，∵AF+CF≥AC，∴CF≥AC﹣AF，∴当点A，F，C在同一直线上时，CF的长最小，最小值为25﹣2，故答案为：25﹣2．【点睛】此题考查矩形的性质，正方形的性质，勾股定理，三角形的三边关系.20．【分析】作AB的中点E，连接EM、CE，根据直角三角形斜边上的中线等于斜边的一半以及三角形的中位线定理求得CE和EM的长，然后确定CM的范围．【详解】解：作AB的中点M，连接EM、CM．在Rt△ABC中，AB22+10，86AC BC+22∵M是直角△ABC斜边AB上的中点，∴CM＝12AB＝5．∵E是BD的中点，M是AB的中点，∴ME＝12AD＝2．∴5﹣2≤CE≤5+2，即3≤CE≤7．∴最大值为7，故答案为：7．【点睛】本题考查了三角形的中位线定理，勾股定理，直角三角形斜边中线的性质等知识，掌握基本性质定理是解题的关键．三、解答题21．（1）50°；（2）见解析；（3）见解析【分析】（1）由平行四边形的性质和平行线的判定和性质得出答案即可；（2）由平行四边形的性质得出AD＝BC，AD∥BC；证明BC是△EFG的中位线，得出BC∥FG，BC＝12FG，证出AD∥FH，AD∥FH，由平行四边形的判定方法即可得出结论；（3）连接EH，CH，根据三角形的中位线定理以及平行四边形的判定和性质即可得到结论．【详解】明：（1）∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形，∴∠BAE＝∠BCD＝70°，AD∥BC，∵∠DCE＝20°，∵AB∥CD，∴∠CDE＝180°﹣∠BAE＝110°，∴∠DEC＝180°﹣∠DCE﹣∠CDE＝50°；（2）∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形，∴AD＝BC，AD∥BC，∠BAE＝∠BCD，∵BF＝BE，CG＝CE，∴BC是△EFG的中位线，∴BC∥FG，BC＝12 FG，∵H为FG的中点，∴FH＝12 FG，∴BC∥FH，BC＝FH，∴AD∥FH，AD∥FH，∴四边形AFHD是平行四边形；（3）连接EH，CH，∵CE＝CG，FH＝HG，∴CH＝12EF，CH∥EF，∵EB＝BF＝12 EF，∴BE＝CH，∴四边形EBHC是平行四边形，∴OB＝OC，OE＝OH，∵OC＝OH，∴OE＝OB＝OC＝12 BC，∴△BCE是直角三角形，∴∠FEG＝90°，∴EF⊥EG．【点睛】本题考查了平行四边形的判定与性质、三角形中位线定理、等腰三角形的性质以及三角形内角和定理；熟练掌握平行四边形的性质，并能进行推理计算是解决问题的关键．22．（1）见详解；（2）四边形ADCF是矩形；证明见详解．【分析】（1）可证△AFE≌△DBE，得出AF=BD，进而根据AF=DC，得出D是BC中点的结论；（2）若AB=AC，则△ABC是等腰三角形，根据等腰三角形三线合一的性质知AD⊥BC；而AF与DC平行且相等，故四边形ADCF是平行四边形，又AD⊥BC，则四边形ADCF是矩形．【详解】（1）证明：∵E是AD的中点，∴AE=DE ．∵AF ∥BC ，∴∠FAE=∠BDE ，∠AFE=∠DBE ．在△AFE 和△DBE 中，FAE BDE AFE DBE AE DE ∠=∠⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩∴△AFE ≌△DBE （AAS ）．∴AF=BD ．∵AF=DC ，∴BD=DC ．即：D 是BC 的中点．（2）解：四边形ADCF 是矩形；证明：∵AF=DC ，AF ∥DC ，∴四边形ADCF 是平行四边形．∵AB=AC ，BD=DC ，∴AD ⊥BC 即∠ADC=90°．∴平行四边形ADCF 是矩形．【点睛】此题主要考查了全等三角形的判定和性质，等腰三角形的性质，平行四边形、矩形的判定等知识综合运用．解题的关键是熟练掌握矩形的判定方法，以及全等三角形的判定和性质进行证明．23．（1）详见解析；（2）2BHAE =，理由详见解析【分析】1）如图1，连接DF ，根据对称得：△ADE ≌△FDE ，再由HL 证明Rt △DFG ≌Rt △DCG ，可得结论；（2）如图2，作辅助线，构建AM=AE ，先证明∠EDG=45°，得DE=EH ，证明△DME ≌△EBH ，则EM=BH ，根据等腰直角△AEM 得：2EM AE =，得结论；【详解】证明：（1）如图1，连接DF ，∵四边形ABCD 是正方形，。
八年级(人教版)单元同步达标测试(第一学期期末)
八年级（人教版）单元同步达标测试物理试卷（第一学期期末）一、单项选择题（每题分，共分）、在下面几幅交通标志牌中，能明显表示用于环境保护的是： （ ）、医生在诊病时使用听诊器，听诊器： （ ）、能使心脏振动的振幅增加，响度增大 、能改变心跳的频率，使音调变调、能改变心跳的音色，使声音好听些 、能减小声音传播过程中的能量损耗、如图所示，一只大熊猫正抱着一根竹子在镜前欣赏自己的像。
此时，它从镜中看到的自身像应该是图中的： （ ）、下列连线不正确的是： ( ). 倒立 放大像 放大镜 . 会聚光线 凹透镜正立 放大像 投影仪 发散光线 凸透镜. 远视眼镜 凹面镜 . 实像 不可用光屏接收近视眼镜 凸面镜 虚像 可用光屏接收、如图所示，是在一些交通要道路口、银行等公共场所安装的两种电子监控器。
它们主要由两部分组成，一部分为光学系统，另一部分为光电转换系统。
光学系统收集被监控区域内的景物信息．光电转换系统把光信号转换成电信号，输送到监控中心，实现间接监控的目的其光学系统的工作原理相当于： （ ）图图图．平面镜成虚像 ．凸透镜成实像 ．显微镜 ．凸透镜成虚像、现代建筑出现一种新设计：在墙面装饰材料中均匀混入小颗粒状的小球，球内充入一种非晶体材料，当温度升高时，球内材料熔化吸热，当温度降低时，球内材料凝固放热，使建筑内温度基本保持不变。
下面四个图像中，表示球内材料的熔化图像的是： （ ）、下列选项中的符号分别代表冰雹、小雪、雾和霜冻四种天气现象，其中主要通过液化形成的是： ( )、我们的学习和生活都离不开电，在日常生活中树立安全用电意识十分重要。
图的各种做法中，符合安全原则的．冰雹．小雪．霜冻．雾是：( )二、 填空题（每空分，共分）、年春节晚会上，一群风华少女用精美绝伦的舞蹈把我国佛文化中的"千手观音"演绎得淋漓尽致，给人以美的熏陶，善的启迪。
()如图所示，观众看不见邰丽华（领舞者）身后站着的其她舞蹈者，这是因为光的的缘故。
达标测试人教版八年级生物上册第六单元 生物的多样性及其保护同步测评试题(含答案解析)
八年级生物上册第六单元生物的多样性及其保护同步测评考试时间：90分钟；命题人：教研组考生注意：1、本卷分第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，满分100分，考试时间90分钟2、答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、班级填写在试卷规定位置上3、答案必须写在试卷各个题目指定区域内相应的位置，如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第I卷（选择题 40分）一、单选题（10小题，每小题4分，共计40分）1、下表中生物分为两个类群的依据是（）A．呼吸方式不同B．体温是否恒定C．有无脊柱D．生殖方式不同2、华华学习了生物分类的方法后，尝试对身边的植物进行分类，将桃、向日葵、银杏归为一类，肾蕨、葫芦藓、水绵归为另一类，她的分类依据是（）A．是否有根B．能否产生种子C．是否有茎和叶D．能否形成果实3、生物种类的多样性和生态系统的多样性实质上是指（）A．细胞核的多样性B．染色体的多样性C．DNA的多样性D．基因的多样性4、图是某分类等级的示意图。
下列理解正确的是（）A．狮和狼的亲缘关系最近B．图中最小的分类单位是目C．猫和狼的相似程度比犬和狼的相似程度小D．虎和狼没有任何亲缘关系5、下列关于生物多样性及其保护的说法，正确的是（）A．生物多样性就是指生物种类的多样性B．建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的最有效的措施C．引入世界各地不同的生物，以丰富我国的生物多样性D．保护生物多样性就一定要全面禁止开发和利用6、下列生物学概念所含对象或范围不存在交叉重叠的是A．爬行动物与昆虫B．节肢动物与水生生物C．变温动物与脊椎动物D．繁殖行为与先天性行为7、下列与生物分类有关的叙述中，不正确．．．的是A．同种生物的亲缘关系是最远的B．种是最基本的分类单位C．分类单位越大，包含的生物种类越多D．分类的主要依据是生物间的性状差异和亲缘关系8、海洋为我们提供了大量的鲜美食品，如乌贼、海蜇、对虾、银鯧等，它们分别属于（）A．节肢动物、腔肠动物、软体动物、鱼类B．腔肠动物、软体动物、节肢动物、鱼类C．软体动物、腔肠动物、节肢动物、鱼类D．鱼类、软体动物、腔肠动物、哺乳动物9、车八岭自然保护区位于广东省韶关市始兴县，2021年2月被中国林学会命名为第五批全国林草科普基地，内有植物1928种，兽类38种，鸟类217种，爬行类36种，两栖类16种，鱼类25种，昆虫1220种。
八年级(人教版)单元同步达标测试(第一学期期中)
八年级（人教版）单元同步达标测试物理试卷（第一学期期中）一、 单项选择题（每题3分，共24分）1、在公路旁的医院、学校及政府办公的场所附近都有交警部门设立的“禁鸣标志”，下面的图1所列出的标志中，禁鸣标志是 （ ）2、如图2所示的是四个同学分别画出的——光从空气斜射如水中的光路图，其中正确表达是）图2 A B C D 3、通常说“闻其声，知其人”，这实际上指的是不同人的不同 （）A 、声调B 、响度C 、音色D 、声源4、彩色电视机呈现出的各种颜色都是由三种色光混合而成的,这三种颜色是： （ ）A ．红、绿、蓝B ．红、黄、蓝C ．红、绿、紫D ．红、黄、绿 5（ ）6、物体通过凸透镜不能够．．．成实像的是 （ ） A 、u<f 时 B 、u>2f 时 C 、u>f 时 D 、f<u<2f 时7、针对以下四幅图，下列说法正确的是 （ ）A ．甲图中，演凑者通过手指在弦上按压位置的变化来改变发声的响度B ．乙图中，敲锣时用力越大，所发声音的音调越高C ．丙图中，随着向外不断抽气,手机铃声越来越大D ．丁图中，城市某些路段两旁的透明板墙可以减小噪声污染 8、下列知识框架不正确．．．的是： （ ） 面镜 直线传播 凸透镜 会聚光A ．镜子 B.光的传播 C.透镜 D.凸透镜透镜 光的折射 凹透镜 成像图1 A B C D甲 乙 丁 丙抽气A ．隔着玻璃砖看木棒B ．通过平面镜看自己C ．小孔成像二、填空题（每空1分，共24分）9、唐诗《夜泊枫桥》中的诗句“姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船”。
在枫桥边客船里的人听到了寒山寺的钟声，是因为大钟受到撞击，产生而发出的，是通过传到人耳的，客船上的人能辨别传来的是“钟声”而不是“鼓声”或其他声音，实际上他是根据声音的来判别的。
10、看右边的简谱，我们唱该段简谱时，音调最高的是，最低的是。
这首歌的歌名是《》。
11、有人注意到，蝙蝠即使在黑暗中飞翔，也不会碰到任何东西。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
新干四中八年级（人教版）单元同步达标测试
物理试卷（第一章 声现象）
一、 单项选择题（每题3分，共24分）
1、在电视机的遥控器上，有以下几个按钮（图标），如下图，其中控制音量（响度）大小的是： （ ）
A ．
B ．
C ．
D ．
2、晚上当你在家复习功课，准备期中考试时，邻居正在引吭高歌，对你的学习产生干扰，则下列措施中无效的是： （ ）
A ．与邻居协商使其减小音量
B ．打开窗户让空气加速流动
C ．紧闭室内的门窗
D ．用棉花塞住自己的耳朵
3、在一只玻璃杯中先后装入不同量的水，用细棒轻轻敲击，会听到不同频率的声音。
与此类似，当医生在给病人检查腹部是否有积水时，常会用手轻轻敲击患者腹部，细细倾听其发出的声音，此为“叩诊”。
这主要是根据什么来判断腹部是否有积水的？ （ ）
A ．声音的响度
B ．声音的音调
C ．声音的音色
D ．声音是否悦耳动听 4、在城市高架道路的某些路段可以看到两侧设有3m ～4m 高的透明板墙，如图1所示，安装这些板墙是为了（ ）
A ．保护车辆安全行驶
B ．阻止车辆排放的废气外泄
C ．体现高架道路设计的美观
D ．阻挡车辆产生的噪声，减小噪声的污染
5、剧院及音乐厅，四周墙壁常挂呢绒帘幕，同时墙壁会做成凹凸不平的像蜂窝似的，这是为了 （ ） A ．装饰、美观 B ．易于反射声波，增大声音 C ．吸收声波，减小嘈杂的回声 D 、提高声音的音调
6、请你用物理学的准确用语来“翻译”生活用语，有利于我们把握事物的 本质，“引吭高歌”和“低声细语”，这里的高与低指的是 （ ） A ．音色好坏 B ．音调高低 C ．响度大小 D ．乐音三要素
7、我国已进行“神舟”五号载人航天飞船的试验，杨利伟乘坐宇宙飞船遨游太空，不久，“神舟”六号将会将更多的宇航员带上太空，宇航员在太空舱中可以直接对话，但在飞船外作业时，他们之间不能直接对话，必须借助电子通信设备进行交流，其原因 ( )
A ．用通信设备对话是为了方便
B ．声音的传播需要介质
C ．太空中噪声太大
D ．声音只能在地面上传播
8、如图2天坛公园的回音壁是我国建筑史上的一大奇迹，回音壁应用的声学原理是（ ）
A ．声音的反射使原声增强
B ．声音在不同介质中的传播速度不同
C ．声音的音调不同
D ．发声的物体在振动
图2 图1
二、填空题（每空1分，共24分）
9、如图3所示，用硬纸片把一个喇叭糊起来，做成一个“舞台”．台上小人在音乐声中翩翩起舞，这个现象说明______________________．
10、图4、图5是两种声音的波形，从图可知：图4是的波形，理由是；图5是
的波形，理由是
11、如图
6所示的招牌，它表示的意思是。
12、如图7所示，在城市的繁华路段旁常竖有噪声显示装置．图中数字的含义是__________．这样的噪声________（填“会”、“不会”）影响人们的正常的学习和工作．13、如图8所示，四支相同的试管内装有不同深度的水．
（1）用嘴贴着管口吹气，则发出的声音的音调由低到高的顺序是：
__________________．（只填对应序号）．
（2）用棒敲击试管，则发出的声音音调由低到高的顺序是：_______．（只
填对应序号）
14、如图9所示的是摩托车引擎后安装的消声器的结构图．摩托车安装消声器是采用______的方法来减弱噪声的，起消声作用的主要部件是__________．
15、弦乐器的音调高低决定于弦的长短、松紧、粗细．在弦的
粗细，松紧相同时，弦越______，音调越高；在弦的粗细，长
短相同时，弦越_____，音调越高；在弦的长短，松紧相同时，
弦越______，音调越高．
16、当别人嚼脆饼时，你听到的声音很小；而你自己嚼同样的脆饼时，你会听到较大的咀嚼声．这是因为前者的声音是靠________传播，后者的声音是靠_______传播，_____的传声能力较强．
17、童话故事中的狼为了想吃掉小兔子，学着兔妈妈的声音说：“小兔子乖乖，把门儿开开．”小兔子却回答说：“不开，不开！”小兔子知道这不是它妈妈的声音，这主要是因为狼和兔妈的______和_____不同．
18、超低空飞行的战斗机有时会把居民家的窗玻璃振破，说明战斗机飞行时会产生很大的_______，同时声波可以传递_______．
19、蝙蝠可以靠超声波发现昆虫，这说明声音可以传递；用超声波振动除去人体内的结石，这说明声音可以传递。
三、实验题：（共26分）
20、如图10所示，用力敲响音叉，并用悬挂着的塑料球接触发声的叉股，我
们看到的现象是，此现象说
明，塑料球的作用
是。
（6分）
21、如图11用牙轻轻咬住铅笔上端，用手指轻敲铅笔下端，注意听这个敲击
声．然后张开嘴使牙不接触铅笔，而保持铅笔位置不变，手指用与前同样的
力轻敲铅笔下端．这时他也听到了声音．（6分）
（1）两次听到的声音有什么不同？
图4 图5
图6
图3
图7
图8
图9
图10
（2）为什么两次听到的声音不同？
（3）举一例日常生活中应用上述情况的例子？
22、图12初二（2）班物理活动小组成员在探究声音能否在固体、液体、气体、真中传播时的
一些场境。
（6分）
甲（图12）乙丙
（一）甲图说明声音在中能传播；
（二）乙图中的声音通过哪些介质传到耳朵里去的；
（三）丙图中当向外不断地抽气时，闹钟的“嘀嘀声”在逐渐地减弱，说明声音在中不能传播。
23、下面是初二（3）班学生在课外做“比较材料的隔声性能”活动时记录的一些内容：
A．器材：一个能发声的电子铃，一个鞋盒，待比较的材料（衣服、报纸、塑料袋、泡沫塑料及其它材料）、一把长卷尺。
（8分）
B．步骤：小明先将衣服包好电子铃，放入盒内，让其发声。
再安排一位同学远离盒子直到听不到铃声时为止，用卷尺测出同学到盒子的距离。
分别用其它材料完成上述步骤。
提问：①小明是通过的方法来比较材料隔声性能的。
②小芳认为：比较的时候，远离的方向要相同，因为风向不同会影响声音的传播（这
种方法叫控制变量法）。
请你想一想，还要保持哪些因素相同呢？
写出三个：；
；。
四、计算题：（7分）
24、电影《泰坦尼克号》描述的是一艘名叫“泰坦尼克”号的大海轮，因为跟冰山相撞而沉没
的悲剧．为了避免悲剧重演，科学家发明了一种利用声音的传播规律制成的探测装置，安装在船上，能及时发现冰山或暗礁的存在。
超声波在海水中的传播速度是1500m/s，某船向海底发出超声波，经1s后接收到发出的超声波，求海水深度。
五、综合能力题：（19分）
25、现在的居民一般都装有防盗网，网的上方有一个薄铁做挡雨板。
这样在网内的东西
才不会被雨淋湿，可是每当在下雨时，雨点打在挡雨板上，发出了很响的嗒嗒声，如果在夜里，这个噪声更是影响人的睡眠，你想个办法减小或消除这个噪声！（3分）
26、下表为人和一些动物的发声频率范围和听觉频率范围，参照表格回答：
（1）从上表中你可以知道什么：（写出两点，4分）
（2）地震前夕，一些动物有异常反应，如老鼠出洞、鸡鸣狗叫等，而人却感觉不到，这是为什么？（3分）
27、城市噪声来源有工业噪声、交通噪声和生活环境噪声．控制措施有将噪声严重的
工厂迁出市区；对噪声大的机器安装消音器并限制使用，未安装消音设备的机车不得驶入市区；在市内规划安静小区，不安装高音喇叭，车辆尽量少鸣喇叭等；积极搞好城市绿化植树，宜用多孔建筑材料，加强隔音．例如城市高架快速干道系统——上海市内环线上，采用质量轻、强度高、隔音性能好且耐腐蚀的先进建材——聚碳酸酯板作为隔音材料，能尽可能降低高架干道上车辆行驶时产生的噪声污染．此外，在市区有关地段如闹市区等处设立噪声监测及分贝数显示装置，以加强对噪声的控制．同时加强每个公民控制噪声的环保意识，不制造噪声并增强自我健康保护．
请回答：
（1）噪声是指发声体做的振动时发出的声音．（2分）（2）由材料知减弱噪声的方法是：在处减弱，在
过程中减弱；在处减弱．（4分）（3）在教室里上课，室外常有噪声干扰，请你至少提出三种减小噪声干扰的方法．（3分）
八年级（人教版）单元同步达标测试
物理试卷（第一章声现象）参考答案
二、9、声音是由振动产生。
10、乐音，波形有规律，噪声，波形无规律。
11、禁鸣喇叭。
12、58.6分贝，不会。
13、(1)ABCD,(2)DCBA。
14、阻断传播，隔音盘。
15、短，紧，细。
16、空气，骨头，固体。
17、音色，音调。
18、噪声，，能量。
19、信息，能量。
三、20、塑料球被弹开，声音是由振动产生的，把音叉的微小振动放大。
21、（1）响度不同，（2）传播声音的介质不同，（3）站在火车路旁听不到远处火车的声音，但趴在铁轨上就听得到。
22、固体；水、玻璃、空气；真空。
23、①比较听音距离。
②一、电铃的方向，二、电铃的响度，三、听音的人。
四、24、750m。
（公式不要求，可以用算术运算）
五、25、可以加厚挡雨板（合理就行）
26、（1）人的最高听觉频率比其他的动物低；
人和动物的发声频率都比听觉频率范围小。
（2）地震前会发出次声波，人听不到，但一些动物能够听到。
27、（1）无规则；（2）声源处，传播，人耳；（3）把门窗关上，停止制造噪声，在人耳处塞棉花。