英美文学 总结
英美文学重点总结 第一章
Introduction: Old and Medieval English Literature1. source of the rise and growth of English literature: the cultural influences of the Anglo-Sexons conquest and the Norman conquest.盎格鲁撒克逊征服与诺曼征服2. Old English literature: 450—1066medieval period in English literature: with the Norman Conquest starts,covers about 4 centurries,3. Beowulf主题分析:Beowulf,a typical example of Old English poetry,is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.4. In the second half of the 14th century,English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer (the greatest writer){Canterbury Tales}, William Langland (religious and social issues){Piers Plowman},John Gower (produces the best romance of the period){Sir Gawain and the Green Knight},and others.5. 骑士文学Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs(主题) of the quest,the test,the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.6. Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era to come.7. 乔叟,押尾韵及英雄双韵体.Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse.And in The Canterbury Tales,Chaucer employed the heroic couplet with true ease and charm toe the first time in the history of English literature.8. 最早的现代小说: Chaucer’s Troilous and CriseydeJohn Dryden called Chaucer “the father of English poetry”. The English Homer.Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period1.RenaissanceIt refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th .It first started in Italy,with the flowering of painting,sculpture,and literature.The Renaissance,shich means rebirth or revival,is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events.Therefore,in essence,it is a historical period in which the European hunanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie.It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England.2.HumanismRenaissance humanists found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection,and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question,explore,and enjoy.Thus,by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life,they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beautiful of this life,but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.3.人文主义者代表(best English humanists): Thomas More, Chistopher Marloweand William Shakespeare.4.By the middle of Elizabeth’s reign,Protestantism had been firmly established,witha certain compromise between Catholicism and Protestantism.5.引进印刷术的英国第一人: William Caxton.印刷了The Canterbury Tales(Chaucer), Morte Darthur(Malory)6.Petrarch was regarded as the fountainhead of literature by the English writers..7. Wyatt and Surrey engraved the forms and graces of Italian poetry. (Petrachan sonnet, blank verse)8.John Donne and George Herbert.(玄学派诗人)9. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.10.Lively,vivid native English material was put into the regular form of the Latincomedies of Plautus and Terence.Tragedies were in the style of Seneca.11. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance in England: Chistopher Marlowe,William Shakespeare,and Ben Jonson.12.Francis Bacon,the first important English essayist,was also the founder of modernscience inEngland.A.2 Shakespeare’s drama career:a.The first period,one of apprenticeship.5 histoty plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus.4 comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Tamingof the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.b.The second period,Shakespear’s style and approach became highlyindividualized.5 histories: Richard II, King John,Henry IV, Parts I, II, and Henry V.6 comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much AdoAbout Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor.2 tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, and Julius Caesar.c.The third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies.Tragedies: Hamlet(most popular), Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, Coriolanus.2 comedies: All’s Well That Ends Well and Measure for Measure.d.The last period of Shakespeare’s(there’s a prevalent Christian teaching ofatonement [赎罪] ) work includes his principal romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest.2 final place: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.A.3 历史剧:Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the priciple that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity. The first and second parts of Henry IV are undoubtedly the most widely read among his history plays.A.4 The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes(赞美)the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.A.5 四大悲剧的共性:(Greatest tragedies have some characteristic in common) Each portrays some noble hero,who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a dufficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. Along with the portrayal of the weakness or bias of the hero,we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society, which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense.A.6 The Tempest is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.He affirms the importance of the feudal system in order to uphold social order. A.7 莎士比亚的学观Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature.He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. The end of the dramatic creation is to give faithful reflection of the social realities of the time. Shakespeare also states that literary words which have truly reflected nature and reality can reach immortality.A.8 莎士比亚的物刻画Shakespeare’s major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types.Each character has his or her own personailities; meanwhile, they may share features with others.Shakespeare also protrays his characters in pairs.Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters.A.9 莎士比亚的节设计Shakespeare’s plays are well-known for their adroit (巧妙的)plot constraction.He seldom invents his own plots.In order to play more lively and compact, he would shorten the time and intensify the story.A.10 莎士比亚的语言特色Shakespeare can write skillfully in different poetic forms.He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom.His coinage of new words and disortion of the meaning of the old ones also create stricking effects on the reader.B.1 米尔顿的三类文学成就Three groups:the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last great poems.B.2 Lycidas(early period)Lycidas is composed for a collection of elegies dedicated to Edward King.It begins with grief and a feeling of immaturity; then the grief is deepen by the sense of irrecoverable loss in the silencing of a young poet.With this bitter sense of loss,Milton asks why the just and good should suffer.The climax of the poem is the blistering attack on the clergy,who are corrupted by self-interest.B.3 Areopagitica(middle period)is a great plea for freedom of the press.B.4 three major poetical works:Paradise lost, Pparodise regained and Samson AgonistesB.5 Paradise regained shows how mankind, in the person of Christ, withstands thetemper and is established once more in the divine favor. Crist’s temptation in the wilderness in the theme, and Milton follows the account in the fourth chapter of Matthew’s gospel(福音).B.6 米尔顿的艺术特色a. Milton’s style is distinguished by its rich and complex texture, the multiplicityof its classical references, its wealth of ornament and decoration.b. Milton’s subjects are lofty and magnificent. The theme of Samson Agonistes istragic and sublime.c. The great epic, which resounds with the grandear and multiplicity of the world,is also a poem, the central actions of which take place inwardly.d. Finally, his endinds are lifelike.13.玄学派诗人MetaphysicalIt refers to the school of poets that appeared in the Revolutionary period in England by using quite unconventional and often surprising conceits; the metaphysical poets wrote poems full of wit and humor. John Donne and Andrew Marvell are the representative metaphysical poets.14. 十四行诗SonnetIt is a basic lyric form, consisting of 14 lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in various patterns. Milton made a new kind of use of the Petrarchan form, and the Romantic poets continued in the Miltonic tratition.。
大学英美文学小结
名词解释1、English RomanticismEnglish Romanticism is a term that denotes most of the writings that were written between 1798 and 1832 during which writers concentrate on feelings and interests rather than structure and order. It was to some extent a reaction against the neoclassical period that preceded it. It designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. It also places the individual at the center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes, and valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual's experiences. Nature and imagination are the things that the Romantics worshipped most. The principal Romantic poets were Wordsworth, Blake, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats. The main novelists were Sir Walter Scott and Jane Austen. Lamb, Hazlitt and de Quincey were important essayists. Many of the ideas of English Romanticism were first expressed in Lyrical Ballads collaborated by Wordsworth and Coleridge.2、Critical realismCritical realism is a new literary trend in the V ictorian period. It is based on realism which presents life and the natural-world as they are and without idealistic or romantic coloring. Famous critical realist writer are Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray and the Bronte sisters, etc. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, they carry their duly forward to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass. Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money- worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice. Their truthful picture of people's life and bitter and strong criticism of tile society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.3、Stream-of-consciousnessStream-of-consciousness is a phrase taken from William James’s Principle of Psychology (l890) that bas become common in literary terminology where it refers to the attempt by novelists to reproduce the thoughts, impressions and ide as of a character’ s mind as they occur.In English fiction, the novels of Stream-of-Consciousness were represented by James Joyce and V irginia Woolf. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. Britain was the center of the novels of Stream-of-consciousness.4、RealismRealism is literature is associated with a rejection of fantasy, mythology, and highly complex and, therefore, implausible plots. Instead, a realist novel will tend to concentrate on “ordinary people”and the feature stories either based on, or similar to, real events. Also tend to avoid the linguistic experimentalism of, say, a James Joyce, in favor of prose that doesn’t draw attention to itself, and presents the story as clearly as possible. Character is more important than action and plot. Class is important; events will usually be plausible; objectivity in presentation becomes increasingly important. Diction is natural vernacular, not heightened or poetic; tone may be comic, satiric, or matter-of-fact.《西风颂》“Ode to the West Wind ”I、作者：Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西比希雪莱)II、考点及题型：1、For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.Be through my lips to unawakened EarthThe trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind,If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”From Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”. This part illustrates Shelley’s optimistic belief in the future of mankind.2、Briefly analyze Shelley’s Ode to the W est Wind.In Ode to the West Wind, Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new spring, becomes an image of Shelley himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive potential, its universality.3、What does Shelley want to tell the reader in his "Ode to the W est Wind"?Best of all the well-known lyric pieces is Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" (1819); here Shelley's rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to them. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new Spring, becomes an image of Shelley ；himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive power , its universality. "I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!" calls the Shelley that could not bear being fettered to the humdrum realities of everyday! The whole poem has logic of feeling, a progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" Here is no reassurance, no mysticism, but the primal amorality of nature itself, with its mad fury and its pagan ruthlessness. Shelley's ode is an invocation to a primitive deity, a plea to exalt him in its fury and to trumpet the radical prophecy of hope and rebirth.《哈姆雷特》“Hamlet”1、作者：William Shakespeare （威廉姆莎士比亚）2、作者主要作品:四大悲剧：1、Hamlet （哈姆雷特）2、Othello (奥赛罗)3、King Lear (李尔王)4、Macbeth (麦克白)四大戏剧：1、A Midsummer Night’s Dream(仲夏夜之梦)2、Twelfth Night（第十二夜）3、All’s W ell That Ends W ell （终成眷属）4、The Merchant of Venice (威尼斯商人)3、人物关系：哈姆雷特Prince Hamlet ——丹麦王子。
英美文学总结
专八英美文学总结英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066）1、贝奥武夫2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父二、中古英语时期的英国文学1、allegory体非常盛行2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体）6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节；5、莎士比亚：长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑《学术的推进》和《新工具》四、启蒙时期（18世纪）1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人；《论戏剧诗》4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌；7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人；8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满；10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》；11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史；12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。
英美文学重点知识归纳
英美文学重点知识归纳1. 英美文学的定义英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文等。
英美文学具有悠久的历史，涵盖了从古代文学到现代文学的各个时期和流派。
2. 英美文学的时期和流派2.1 古代英美文学古代英美文学包括早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学、中世纪文学和文艺复兴时期文学。
其中，早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学以史诗《贝奥武夫》为代表，中世纪文学以《坎特伯雷故事集》为代表，文艺复兴时期文学以莎士比亚的戏剧作品为代表。
2.2 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义是英美文学的一个重要流派，包括诗人拜伦、雪莱和济慈等人的作品。
浪漫主义文学强调个体的感情和想象力，关注自然、爱情、自由等主题。
2.3 现实主义文学现实主义是英美文学的另一个重要流派，出现于19世纪后期。
代表作家包括狄更斯、托尔斯泰和马克·吐温等人。
现实主义文学揭示社会问题，关注人性的复杂性和社会的不公平。
2.4 现代主义文学现代主义是20世纪英美文学的主要流派，代表作家有弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、塞缪尔·贝克特和詹姆斯·乔伊斯。
现代主义文学对传统的文学形式进行了颠覆和重塑，追求形式上的创新和思想上的深度。
3. 英美文学的重要作家和作品3.1 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家和诗人之一。
他的代表作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等。
3.2 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）简·奥斯汀是19世纪英国小说家，被誉为英国小说的经典作家。
她的代表作包括《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》和《艾玛》等。
3.3 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国作家，代表作品有《了不起的盖茨比》。
他被认为是美国“爵士时代”的象征之一。
英美文学要点精心总结
15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer of English drama.他对戏剧发展的贡献是不可磨灭的，为此，它被后世尊为英国戏剧的先驱。
5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。
6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
自己总结英美文学
01. Allegory(寓言)02. Alliteration(头韵)03. Ballad(民谣)04. epic(史诗)05. Lay(短叙事诗) 06. Romance(传奇) 07. Alexandrine(亚历山大诗行) 08. Blank Verse(无韵诗或素体广义地说) 09. Comedy(喜剧)10. Essay(随笔) 11. Euphuistic style(绮丽体) 12. History Plays(历史剧) 13. Masques or Masks(假面剧) 14. Morality plays(道德剧)15.Sonnet(十四行诗) 16. Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗节)17. Stanza(诗节) 18. Three Unities(三一原则) 20.Conceit(奇特比喻)21.Metar(格律) 22. University Wits(大学才子) 23.Foreshadowing(预兆) 24. Soliloquy(独白) 25.Narrative Poem(叙述诗) 26.Robin Hood(罗宾.豪)27. Beowulf(贝奥武甫) 28. Baroque(巴罗克式风格) 29. Cavalier poets(骑士派诗人) 30. Elegy(挽歌) 31. Restoration Comedy(复辟时期喜剧)32. Action(情节) 33. Adventure novel(探险小说) 34. Archaism(古语)35. Atmosphere(基调) 36. Didactic literature(说教文学) 37. Epigram(警句) 38. Farce(闹剧) 39. The Heroic Couplet(英雄对偶句) 40. Satire(讽刺)41. Sentimentalism(感伤主义文学) 42. Aside(旁白) 43.Denouement(戏剧结局) 44.parable(寓言) 45. Genre(流派) 47. Lyric(抒情诗)48. Mock Epic(诙谐史诗) 49. Ode(颂歌) 50. Picaresque Novel(流浪汉小说) 51. Pastoral(田园诗) 52.Terza Rima(三行诗) 53. Ottava Rima(八行诗) 54. Canto(诗章) 55. High Comedy(正统喜剧) ke Poets(湖畔诗人) 57. Imagery(比喻) 58. Dramatic monologue（戏剧独白）59. Pre-Raphaelites(先拉菲尔派) 60. Psychological novel(心理小说)61.Point of View(叙述角度) 62. plot(情节) 63. Allusion(典故)64. Protagonist and Antagonist(正面人物与反面人物)65. Flashback(倒叙) 66. Narration 67.Ambiguity68. Pragnatism(实用主义) 70. Dadaism(达达主义) 71. The Angry young men(愤怒的青年) 72. Existentialism(存在主义) 73. Anti-hero(反面人物)74. Round Character(丰满的人物) 75. Flat character(平淡的人物)76. Oedipus complex(俄狄浦斯情结/蛮母厌父情结) 77.omniscience(无所不知的) 78. Poetry(诗歌) 79. Rhyme(押韵) 80. Iambic pentameter(五音步诗)81. Rhyme royal82. Shakespearean sonnet(莎士比亚十四行诗)83. Italian or petranrchan sonnet(意大利十四行诗)84. Alliteration and assonance(头韵和半韵) 85. Poetic license(诗的破格) 86. Epiphany(主显节?) 87. Psychological penetration(心理透视)88. Legend(传说) 89. Myth(神话) 90. Pessimism(悲观主义)91. Jacobean age(英王詹姆斯一世时期) 92. Tragicomedy(悲喜剧)93. Comedy of manners(风俗喜剧) 94. Gothic novel(哥特式小说)95. Historical novel(历史小说) 96. Unitarianism(上帝一位论)97. Calvinism(加尔文主义) 98. Assonance(类韵) 99. Consonance(和音) 100. Free Verse(自由体诗歌) 01.Symbol(象征) 02. Theme(主题)03. First-person narrative(第一人称小说) 04. Harlem Renaissance(哈姆莱复兴) 05. Black humor(黑色幽默) 06. Theatre of the Absurd(荒谬剧)07. Darwinism(达尔文主义) 08. American Dream(美国梦)09. Anti-novel(反小说) 10.Vorticism(漩涡派) 11. Metafiction(元小说)。
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长，在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家，这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景，也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。
以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。
一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初，强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。
（一）英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一，其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。
代表作有《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）。
2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素，《古舟子咏》（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）是其经典之作。
3、乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron）拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称，作品有《唐璜》（Don Juan）等。
4、珀西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神，《西风颂》（Ode to theWest Wind）广为流传。
（二）美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）是其代表作。
2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀（James Fenimore Cooper）以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名，《皮袜子故事集》（The Leatherstocking Tales）是其重要作品。
二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起，注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。
（一）英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活，如《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）、《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）。
科目英美文学学习总结
科目英美文学学习总结在过去的学期中，我有幸学习了英美文学这门课程。
通过探索英国和美国文学的经典作品，我深入了解了西方文化和人文精神。
在此，我将总结我在这门课上所学到的知识和收获。
首先，我学会了欣赏和理解英美文学的独特之处。
在课堂上，我们一起读了众多著名的英美文学作品，如莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说、弗农的诗歌等等。
通过阅读和讨论，我更加深刻地领悟到英美文学中包含的深邃思想和情感。
每一部作品都像一扇窗户，打开我对不同时代和不同文化的认知。
我学会了欣赏不同的文学风格和艺术手法，以及作者通过文学作品传递的思想和情感。
这些作品的背后蕴含着丰富的历史、社会和文化背景，使我对英美文学产生了浓厚的兴趣和深深的敬意。
其次，这门课程培养了我的文学分析能力。
在课堂上，我们学习了如何解读文学作品，并且通过写作论文和参与讨论来展示我们的思考。
我学会了挖掘文本中的细微细节，揭示作者的意图和主题。
通过学习不同的批评和分析方法，我能够更加全面地理解文学作品的内涵和外延。
这不仅提升了我的阅读理解能力，还开拓了我的思维方式和批判思维能力。
我会运用这些分析技巧去欣赏更多的文学作品，深入探究其中的意义和价值。
此外，英美文学课程也增强了我的跨文化交流能力。
通过学习英美文学，我对这两个国家的历史、社会和文化有了更深入的了解。
我学会了尊重和欣赏不同文化背景下的文学作品，并从中领悟到更广阔的人类共通性。
这种跨文化的认知和理解是我在现今全球化社会中交流和合作的重要基础。
我相信，通过学习英美文学，我不仅仅提高了自己的语言和文学水平，同时也培养了更广泛的国际视野和文化素养。
最后，学习英美文学让我体验了一种深度的阅读和思考的乐趣。
在阅读经典的英美文学作品时，我不仅仅享受到了文字的魅力，更深陷其中，与作者进行了一次心灵的对话。
每一次阅读都是一次心灵的冥想，带给我启示和思考。
我发现，通过阅读和理解文学作品，我可以更好地理解自己和他人，更好地面对生活中的困惑和挑战。
英美文学重点知识归纳
英美文学重点知识归纳一、英美文学的概念和特点英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、剧本等。
它具有以下几个特点：1.多元化：英美文学以其丰富多样的风格和流派而闻名。
从古典主义到浪漫主义，从现代主义到后现代主义，英美文学不断演变和发展，展示了人类思想和情感的多样性。
2.自由和开放性：英美文学强调个体的自由和独立思考，在作品中反映了社会、政治和文化的变革。
自由主义和个人主义的精神贯穿在英美文学的历史中。
3.注重个人感受和情感表达：英美文学注重个人感受和情感表达，通过描写人物内心的矛盾和困惑，展示了人性的复杂和多样性。
二、英美文学的重要时期和代表作品1. 文艺复兴时期（16世纪）文艺复兴时期是英美文学的重要里程碑，代表作品有：•威廉·莎士比亚的剧作《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，深刻地反映了人性的复杂性和命运的无常。
•约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》，通过对上帝、撒旦和亚当夏娃的描写，揭示了人类的原罪和思想的自由。
2. 浪漫主义时期（18世纪末至19世纪初）浪漫主义时期是英美文学的重要发展阶段，代表作品有：•威廉·华兹华斯的诗集《抒情诗选集》，强调对自然和个人感受的表达，展现了对自由和灵魂的渴望。
•简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》，通过对社会等级和女性地位的描写，呈现了封建社会的弊端。
3. 现代主义时期（20世纪初至中期）现代主义时期是英美文学的革命性时期，代表作品有：•弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说《至灵之泉》，以流动的意识流体式叙述，探索了心灵的迷茫和现代社会的困惑。
•T·S·艾略特的诗集《荒原》，通过对现代社会的批判和对个体灵魂的探索，反映了人类在现代社会中的孤独和迷失。
三、英美文学的重要作家和代表作1. 威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616）威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的剧作家之一，代表作品有：•《哈姆雷特》：探讨了人性的矛盾和命运的无常，是世界戏剧史上最重要的作品之一。
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理3
【美国】Chapter 1 The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期1. From the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of he Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. It is also called “the Americ an Renaissance”.浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末，到内战爆发为止，华盛顿.欧文出版的《见闻札记》标志着美国文学的开端，惠特曼的《草叶集》是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。
（也可称为“美国德文艺复兴”）2. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.对逃离社会，回归自然的渴求成为美国文学的一个永恒的话题。
3. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.美国清教作为一种文化遗产，对美国人的道德观念产生了很大的影响。
4. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. 在霍桑，麦尔维尔以及其他一些小作家的作品种加尔文主义的原罪思想和罪恶的神秘性都得到了充分的表现。
TEM-8英美文学总结
British Literature<Beowulf> 《贝奥武夫》Pagan literature, epic, alliteration,Caedmon凯德蒙Christian Poet,Anthem《赞美诗》Cynewulf基涅武夫The Christ《基督》Bede比德Father of HistoriographyHistorian Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorun 《英吉利人教会史》King Alfred阿尔弗雷德大帝Father of English ProseAnglo-Saxon Chronicle 《盎格鲁-萨克逊编年史》Sir Gawain and the Green KnightRomanceGeoffrey ChaucerFather of English Poetry14th century is the Age of ChaucerThe Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》: Octosyllabic, Heroic CoupletTroilus and Criseyde 《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》The Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰罗曼史》The House of Fame 《声誉之堂》Sir Thomas MaloryLe Morte d’Arthur 《亚瑟王之死》the milestone of the transportation from Medieval English to Early Modern EnglishThomas WyattFirstly introduced the Sonnet to British LiteratureThomas MoreUtopia 《乌托邦》The Painful Life of EdwardⅤ《国王爱德华五世悲凄的一生》Philip SidneyArcadia 《阿卡迪亚》：Forerunner of the Modern Novel, Country RomanceThe Defense of Poesie (or Apology for Poetry) 《诗辩》：opened the British Literature Criticism Edmund SpencerPoet’s Poet 诗人中的战斗机Spencerian Stanza 斯宾塞体The Faerie Queene 《仙后》：Epic, Spencerian StanzaFrancis BaconEssay and MaterialismThe First English EssayistEssay 《随笔》The Advancement of Learning 《学术的推进》The New Instrument 《新工具》Christopher MarloweUniversity WitsTamburlaine 《帖木儿大帝》The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧历史》Shakespeare154 Sonnets and 37 PlaysIambic PentameterNarrative Poetry: Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》,The Rape of Lucrece 《路克丽丝受辱记》Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, MacbethMiracle Plays: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, TempestBen JonsonComedy of Manners, Satirical ComedyEvery Man in His Humor 《人性互异》John DonneThe Creator of Metaphysical PoemsSongs and Sonnets 《歌谣与十四行诗》The Sun Rising 《升起的太阳》The Flea 《跳蚤》A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 《分别：莫忧伤》Death, Be Not Proud 《死亡，你别骄傲》George HerbertSaint of the Metaphysical School 玄学派诗圣Andrew MarwellMetaphysicalTo His Coy Mistress 《致他的娇羞女友》John MiltonPuritan PoetParadise Lost 《失乐园》: Blank Verse. Metaphor, Pun, Irony, Allusion, Quotation Paradise Regained 《复乐园》Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》：Closet DramaDefense of the English People 《为英国人民而辩》Comus 《科马斯》L’Allegro 《快乐的人》John BunyanPuritan ProseThe Pilgrim’s Progress 《天路旅程》: Religious AllegoryGrace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners 《罪人受恩记》The Holy War 《圣战》The Life and Death of Mr. Badman 《贝德曼先生的一生》John DrydenFather of English CriticismThe First Poet of LaureateAn Essay of Dramatic Poesy 《论戏剧诗歌》All for Love 《一切为了爱》Alexander’s Feast 《亚历山大的宴会》Alexander PopeNeo-Classicism 1830s is the Age of Pope伏尔泰称之为“欧洲最伟大的诗人”擅长Heroic Couplet是首位将理性主义引入英国的作家An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》Pastorals 《田园诗组》The Rape of the Lock 《卷发遇劫记》Essay on Man 《论人类》Richard Steel & Joseph AddisonThe Tatler 《闲谈者》The Spectator 《旁观者》Jointly created the newspapersSamuel JohnsonA Dictionary of the English Language 《英语辞典》著名的词典编纂家A Letter to Lord Chesterfield 《致切斯特菲尔德爵爷书》London 《伦敦》The Vanity of Human Wishes 《人类的欲望》Daniel Defoe英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一Robinson Cruse 《鲁滨逊漂流记》：英国现实主义小说的创始之作。
美国文学英语语言文学专业自己总结~（共5篇）
美国文学英语语言文学专业自己总结~（共5篇）第一篇：美国文学英语语言文学专业自己总结~殖民主义时期John Smith美国第一位作家Anne Bradstreet第一位移民诗人Edward Taylor清教徒诗人文艺复兴时期Benjamin Franklin 参与了起草独立宣言成名作《Poor Richard’s Almanack》《Autobiography》Thomas Paine拥护独立宣言成名作《Great Commoner of Mankind》最平凡的人常识理性时代美国危机Thomas Jefferson起草了独立宣言Philip Freneau美国诗歌之父文艺复兴的诗人《the Wild Honey》野金银花浪漫主义时期Irving第一位纯文学作家（belletrist）第一部短篇小说第一位浪漫主义散文体作家（prose stylist）享有国际声誉< a History of New York>第一部诙谐作品Copper开创了海上传奇小说(sea adventure)和边疆传奇(frontier sage)小说Spy>Bryant第一个获得美国主要诗人的称号最完美的短诗Poe现代短故事之父侦探小说之父第一部短篇小说集Emerson超经验主义运动知识分子独立宣言Thoreau成名作Hawthorne象征主义作家Chillingworth, John Wilson)>MelvilleLongfellow19世纪最受爱戴的诗人< a Psalm of Life>第一部印第安人史诗歌唯一被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人现实主义时期Whitman创建了自由体诗歌free verse美国历史上一部史诗Dickson该时期最伟大的女诗人< I Died for Beauty> Stowe该时期唯一的女散文作家< Uncle Tom’s Cabin> Mark Twain现实主义文学代表作Huckleberry Finn>对美国早期幽默文学的总结O.HenryHenry James心理现实主义的开创者Jack London< the People of the Abyss>自传体小说Theodore Dreiser 最成功的小说金钱万能二十世纪文学Pound意象派的创始人< in a Station of Metro>Frost自然派诗人民族诗人Stevens秩序理念Eliot现代主义创始人标志现代主义文学诞生FitzgeraldHemingway推动报告文学的发展强调moment of truthSteinbeck美国大萧条时期最杰出的小说家Faulkner心灵与自己冲突是永恒的主题stream of consciousness成名作第二篇：英语语言文学专业排行榜（英语语言文学）全国160所高校排名！1上海外国语大学A+2北京外国语大学A+3北京大学A+4南京大学A+5厦门大学A+6复旦大学A+7南京师范大学A+8山东大学A9大连外国语学院A华东师范大学A四川外语学院A西南大学A 湖南师范大学A北京师范大学A华中科技大学A16河南大学A四川大学A华中师范大学A福建师范大学A苏州大学A广东外语外贸大学A中山大学A浙江大学A清华大学A南开大学A天津外国语学院A中南大学 A西安外国语大学A东北师范大学A 上海大学A北京语言大学AB+等(47个)：上海交通大学、湖南大学、辽宁大学、中国人民大学、中国海洋大学、山东师范大学、四川师范大学、陕西师范大学、北京第二外国语学院、吉林大学、江西师范大学、安徽大学、广西师范大学、河北师范大学、宁波大学、安徽师范大学、东南大学、湘潭大学、黑龙江大学、深圳大学、河北大学、辽宁师范大学、山西大学、宁夏大学、南昌大学、上海师范大学、暨南大学、西北大学、首都师范大学、广西大学、西北师范大学、浙江师范大学、电子科技大学、华南师范大学、新疆大学、南京农业大学、重庆师范大学、中国石油大学、广西师范学院、武汉大学、上海海事大学、郑州大学、武汉理工大学、哈尔滨工程大学、大连海事大学、中国地质大学、上海对外贸易学院B等(47个)：天津理工大学、内蒙古大学、东北农业大学、河海大学、北京航空航天大学、长沙理工大学、广东商学院、聊城大学、合肥工业大学、江南大学、华南理工大学、上海财经大学、燕山大学、广州大学、云南师范大学、中国矿业大学、汕头大学、兰州大学、云南大学、中北大学、哈尔滨师范大学、北京理工大学、河南师范大学、西南科技大学、湖南科技大学、扬州大学、福州大学、华东理工大学、上海理工大学、南京航空航天大学、徐州师范大学、浙江财经大学、华侨大学、曲阜师范大学、华北电力大学、杭州电子科技大学、齐齐哈尔大学、哈尔滨理工大学、天津财经大学、山东科技大学、重庆大学、国际关系学院、北京交通大学、东北大学、贵州师范大学、中国政法大学、南通大学C等(32个)：名单略据《全国高校专业报考指南》显示，目前全国英语专业实力排名前20的院校分别为：北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学、北京大学、南京大学、复旦大学、厦门大学、南开大学、对外经贸大学、广东外语外贸大学、华东师范大学、中山大学、上海交通大学、湖南师范大学、山东大学、洛阳外国语学院、清华大学、北京师范大学、武汉大学、南京师范大学、河南大学。
英美文学知识点总结中文
英美文学知识点总结中文在英美文学中，有许多重要的知识点值得我们学习和了解。
以下将总结一些重要的知识点，帮助我们更好地理解和欣赏英美文学的精髓。
**一、文学流派与时代**：1. 古典主义文学：古希腊罗马时期为主要影响力，强调文学作品的规范和纯净，代表作品包括约翰·米尔顿的《失乐园》。
2. 文艺复兴文学：以人文主义思想为主要影响力，追求人性的完美和思想的启蒙，代表作品包括莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》。
3. 浪漫主义文学：强调个人情感和想象力，对自然和生活充满热情和梦幻，代表作品包括华盛顿·欧文的《伊凡霍》。
4. 现实主义文学：强调真实生活和社会问题的揭示，代表作品包括查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》。
5. 自然主义文学：强调环境和遗传对人的影响，以客观的观察和描写为特点，代表作品包括艾米莉·布朗特的《呼啸山庄》。
**二、主要作家与作品**：1. 莎士比亚（1564-1616）：英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家，代表作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》等。
2. 约翰·米尔顿（1608-1674）：英国古典主义诗人，代表作品为《失乐园》。
3. 卢瑟福·特瑞斯（1784-1859）：美国浪漫主义诗人，代表作品包括《稻草人》、《被偷窃的桃子》等。
4. 查尔斯·狄更斯（1812-1870）：英国现实主义小说家，代表作品包括《雾都孤儿》、《大卫·科波菲尔》等。
5. 艾米莉·布朗特（1818-1848）：英国自然主义小说家，代表作品为《呼啸山庄》。
**三、重要作品与分析**：1. 《哈姆雷特》：是莎士比亚创作的悲剧戏剧，以丰富的内心独白和对人生意义的探索而著称。
2. 《失乐园》：是约翰·米尔顿的史诗作品，以亚当和夏娃的堕落为中心，探讨了宗教、自由与命运等人性议题。
3. 《稻草人》：是卢瑟福·特瑞斯的代表诗歌之一，以对自然界的赞美和对工业革命的反思为主题。
(完整word版)英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)
Old English Literature 古英语文学（450-1066年）Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic中世纪英语文学（1066-1500）Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture“英国文学之父”William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》.文艺复兴（16-17世纪）William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》Shakespeare’s greatest works:greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》.18世纪文学和新古典主义Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class peopleHenry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones.Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》.Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners.Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）.Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》)Thomas Gray (托马斯•格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in aCountry Churchyard（《墓畔哀歌》）, writer of sentimentalism感伤派.浪漫主义（18世纪末19世纪初）William Blake (1757 –1827) was an English poet, best known for his poetical collections of Song of Innocence 《天真之歌》and Song of Experience《经验之歌》.William Wordsworth (1770-1850),a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》.Wordsworth‘s magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude《序曲》.Samuel Taylor Coleridge(柯勒律治, 1772 –1834) was an English poet who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子颂》and Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》George Gordon Byron (拜伦，1788—1824 )was a English poet and a leading figure in Romanticism.Amongst Byron‘s best-known works are his narrative poems Childe Harold‘s Pilgrimage 《哈罗尔德游记》and Don Juan《唐璜》Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792—1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language. He is perhaps most famous for Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》, To a Skylark《致云雀》, Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》.Mary Shelley (玛丽• 雪莱1797 –1851) was a British novelist best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein 《弗兰肯斯坦》, considered as first science fictionJohn Keats ( 济慈, 1795—1821) was an English poet who became one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. His masterpieces such as Ode on a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》and Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》浪漫主义时期小说家Jane Austen (1775—1817) , was an English novelist. Her major novels include Sense and Sensibility (《理智与情感》), Pride and Prejudice (《傲慢与偏见》), Emma (《爱玛》). Walter Scott (司各特, 1771---1832), a prolific Scottish historical novelist . His major works is Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》Realism 现实主义时期（Victorian Age 维多利亚时期1837-1901）Bronte sisters 勃朗宁姐妹, Charlotte (夏洛蒂, 1816 – 1855), Emily (艾米丽, 1818 – 1848) and Anne (安妮, 1820 – 1849), were English writers of t he 1840s and 1850s. Charlotte‘s Jane Eyre 《简爱》, Emily’s Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》and Anne's Agnes Grey《艾格妮斯·格雷》are masterpieces of English literature.George Elliot (乔治-爱略特，1819—1880 ) was an English novelist. She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Her novels, largely set in provincial England. Her major novels include:The Mill on the Floss《佛洛斯河上的磨坊》Middlemarch《米德尔玛契》.Charles Dickens (1812–1870)：one of the most popular English novelists of the Victorian era. His major novels include: A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》,Oliver Twist 《奥利弗退斯特》,David Copperfield 《大卫科波菲尔德》, Great Expectation 《远大前程》, Hard Times 《艰难时世》William Makepeace Thackeray (萨克雷，1811—1863) was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair《名利场》Mrs. Gaskell (盖斯凯尔夫人, 1810-1865)was an English novelist during the Victorian era. Her major novels include: Mary Barton 《玛丽• 巴顿》Thomas Hardy(哈代, 1840 – 1928) ,an English novelist of the naturalism自然主义. His major novels include: Tess of the d‘Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》Far from the Madding Crowd 《远离尘嚣》Jude the Obscure. 《无名的裘德》Most of his novels are set in Wessex（威塞克斯）.现实主义时期诗歌Robert Browning (布朗宁, 1812–1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of dramatic verse, especially dramatic monologues戏剧独白, made him one of the foremost Victorian poets.Alfred Tennyson (丁尼生，1809 – 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets. Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, including "Break, break, break"Oscar Wilde (王尔德, 1854 – 1900)playwright and one novel, known for his aestheticism唯美主义(art for art’s sake为了艺术而艺术). His major plays include The Importance of Being Earnest《不可儿戏》; His major novel is The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林-格雷的画像》20世纪和现代主义Bernard Shaw (萧伯纳, 1856-1950), an Irish playwright, the greatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th century. He adhered to the tradition of realism, writing plays as a way to discuss social problems. He won Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. His major plays include, Mrs Warren’s Profession《华伦夫人的情人》, Major Barbara《芭芭拉少校》, Pygmalion 《皮革马力翁》and Saint Joan《圣女贞德》John Galsworthy (高尔斯华绥, 1867-1933) one of the most important novelists in the Early 20th century，a Nobel Prize winner. His major works is Forsyte Saga 《福尔赛世家》which comprises three novels:The Man of Property《有产业的人》, In Chancery《衡平法院》To Let 《出租》Joseph Conrad (康拉德, 1857-1932)Conrad was born in Poland and an English novelist. His major novels include Lord Jim 《吉姆爷》and The Heart of Darkness《黑暗的心》.James Joyce (乔伊斯, 1882-1941):An Irish born novelist, known for the technique of the stream of consciousness. His main works: Ulysses 《尤利西斯》;A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ; 《青年艺术家的肖像》Finnegan’s Wake; 《芬尼根彻夜祭》Dubliners《都柏林人》E. M. Forster （福斯特, 1879-1970）an English novelist, A Passage to India 《印度之行》T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land 《荒原》, 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.David Herbert Lawrence (D.H.劳伦斯, 1885-1930),an English novelist. His most important novels are, Rainbow 《彩虹》and Sons and Lovers《儿子与情人》. He is the founder of stream of consciousness意识流.William Butler Yeats (叶芝, 1865-1939)an Irish poet and awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1923. His major poems include Sailing to Byzantium《驶向拜占庭》and Leda and Swan《利达和天鹅》.Samuel Beckett (贝克特，1906-1989), an Irish dramatist and Nobel Prize winner for Literature. His masterpiece is Waiting for Godot《等待戈多》. He is the exponent of the theatre of the absurd 荒诞派戏剧.Iris Jean Murdoch (默多克, 1919-1999), English female novelist, her major novels include Black Prince《黑王子》, The Sea, the Sea《大海啊，大海》and Unicorn 《独角兽》Doris Lessing (莱辛, 1919--) is a British writer, author of works such as the novels The Grass is Singing. In 2007, Lessing won the Nobel Prize in Literature.Muriel Spark （斯帕克, 1918-2006）English female novelist, best known for her novel The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961) 《布罗迪小姐的青春》Virginia Woolf (伍尔夫, 1882-1941)Woolf is an exponent of modernism and one of the most important female novelists. Her major works include Mrs. Dalloway《达洛威夫人》, To the Lighthouse 《向灯塔去》.美国文学殖民地革命时期Benjamin Franklin (富兰克林, 1706-1790): one of American founding fathers (建国之父) Major works: Autobiography《自传》Poor Richard’s Almanack《穷人理查历书》Jonathan Edwards (爱德华兹，1703 –1758) was a colonial theologian and writer. His work is often associated with the Puritan heritage. His famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,"《落在忿怒之神手中的罪人》is credited for starting the First Great Awakening.Thomas Pain (潘恩, 1737-1809):British pamphleteer. Major works: Common Sense《常识》（1776）Federalists’ Papers《联邦党人文集》:Alexander Hamilton汉密尔顿John Jay杰伊James Madison曼迪逊浪漫主义时期Romantic Period（1790-1865）：Earlier Romantic Period (1790-1830)Romantic Heyday (1830-1865)Earlier Romantic Period:Washington Irving (1783-1859)Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)Washington Irving (华盛顿• 欧文, 1783-1859):American romantic novelist. He was best known for his short stories “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle”, both of w hich appear in his book The Sketch Book《见闻札记》. Irving is the first American writer who gained international fame.James Fenimore Cooper (库珀, 1789-1851):American romantic novelist , best remembered for his Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子故事》(The Pioneer《拓荒者》, Deer Slayer《猎鹿者》, Pathfinder《探路人》, Prairie《大草原》, The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫西干人》) featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo.2) Romantic Heyday (1830-1865):Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt WhitmanEmily DickinsonNathaniel HawthorneHerman MelvilleHarriet Beecher StoweEdgar Allan PoeTranscendentalists（超验主义）:Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt WhitmanWalt Whitman (惠特曼，1819-1882): American romantic poet, father of free verse(自由诗) , best known for his collection of poems Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》Waldo Ralph Emerson (爱默生，1803-1882): leader of the transcendentalism, his essay Nature 《论自然》is the manifesto of transcendentalism. his another essay The American Scholar《美国学者》is considered to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence”.Henry David Thoreau (梭罗, 1817–1862) : American romantic writer best known for his book Walden《瓦尔登湖》, a reflection upon simple living.Herman Melville (麦尔维尔, 1819–1891) : American novelist, best known for his novel Moby-Dick《白鲸》Nathaniel Hawthorne (霍桑, 1804–1864): American novelist, best known for his four romances(传奇小说):The Scarlet Letter《红字》The House of the Seven Gables 《七个尖尖角的房子》The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》The Marble Faun《玉石人像》Emily Dickinson (狄金森，1830–1886) American poetess, whose poetry are concerned with life, death and immortality.Harriet Beecher Stowe (斯托尔夫人, 1811–1896 American female novelist, whose novel Uncle Tom‘s Cabin (1852) 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》attacked the cruelty of slavery.)Realism 现实主义Mark Twain (马克•吐温1835 –1910), American novelist. most noted for his novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer （《汤姆索亚历险记》）and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克贝恩历险记》Life on the Mississippi River《密西西比河上的生活》Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur‘s Court 《亚瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美国佬》The Gilded Age 《镀金时代》Henry James (亨利•詹姆斯1843-1916), American realist novelist, founder of international novel（国际题材小说）Important works:The American 《美国人》The Europeans 《欧洲人》The Portrait of a Lady 《贵妇画像》The Wings of the Dove 《鸽冀》The Ambassadors 《大使》The Golden Bowl 《金碗》O. Henry 欧亨利was the pen name of American novelist William Sydney Porter (1862 – 1910). O. Henry‘s short stories are well known for his short stories such as Cop and Anthem (《警察和赞美诗》) and Gift of Magie (《麦琪的礼物》)William Dean Howells (豪威尔斯, 1837 –1920) was an American realist novelist and literary critic. Major works include The Rise of Silas Lapham 《赛拉斯• 拉帕姆的发迹》Theodore Dreiser (德莱塞, 1871–1945) American novelist and journalist. He pioneered the naturalist school and is known for his novels Sister Carrie 《嘉莉妹妹》and An American Tragedy 《美国悲剧》and his desire trilogy《欲望三部曲》:The Financier 《金融家》The Titan 《巨头》The Stoic 《斯多葛》American Naturalist （自然主义）1) Stephen Crane 克莱恩2) Frank Norris 诺里斯3) Jack London 杰克-伦敦1) Stephen Crane (克莱恩, 1871–1900) was an American novelist. He won international acclaim for his 1895 Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage《红色的英勇勋章》.2) Frank Norris (诺瑞斯1870–1902) American novelist. His notable works include McTeague 《麦克提格》, The Octopus《章鱼》3) Jack London (杰克• 伦敦, 1876–1916) American novelist, known for his novel Martin Eden 《马丁• 伊登》, The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》.20世纪和现代主义-诗歌T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land 《荒原》, 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.Ezra Pound（庞德）: American imagist poet意象派诗人, major poems include Cantos 《诗章》, Hugh Selwyn Maubery (莫伯里), Cathay (《华夏》translation of ancient Chinese poems) Robert Frost (弗罗斯特, 1874–1963)American poet. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life in New England and his command of American colloquial speech. His work was first recognized in England and then in America.Wallace Stevens（斯蒂文斯, 1879-1955）American poet, best known for his poem Anecdote for the Jar and his emphasis on Imagination.Allen Ginsberg (金斯伯格, 1926-1997), American poet of Beat Generation (垮掉的一代), best known for his poem “Howl”《嚎》Ernest Hemingway (海明威, 1899—1961)American novelist. He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, and one of the veterans of World War I later known as "the Lost Generation". He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Major works:The Sun also Rises 《太阳照样升起》A Farewell to Arms 《永别了-武器》The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》For Whom the Bell Tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》“Meditation XVII”, an essay by metaphysical poet John Donne 多恩“any man's death dim inishes me, because I am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.”Fitzgerald (菲茨杰拉德, 1896–1940) American writer of novels, whose works are evocative of the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald is considered a memb er of the “Lost Generation“. Most important worksis The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》which represents the destruction of American dream. Lost Generation迷惘的一代:The 'Lost Generation' is a phrase made popular by American author Ernest Hemingway in his first published novel The Sun Also Rises. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" include authors and poets Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos Passos.William Faulkner 福克纳: American novelist, winner of Nobel Prize for literature. Most of his works was set in an imaginary location named Yoknapatawpha. Major works include:The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》Sartoris《家族小说》Go Down, Moses 《去吧，莫西》Light in August 《八月之光》Absalom, Absalom! 《押沙龙，押沙龙！》Sanctuary 《圣地》John Steinbeck (斯坦贝克, 1902–1968) American novelist, Nobel Prize winner. He is known for his novel The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》Saul Bellow（贝缕, 1915-2005）American novelist, Nobel Prize winner, best known for his novel such as The Adventures of Augie March,《奥吉•玛其历险记》Herzog, Seize the Day, Humboldt's GiftJames Baldwin （鲍德温, 1924-1987）, black American novelist, best known for his novel Go Tell It on the Mountain 《向苍天呼吁》.Ralph Ellison （艾里森, 1913-1994）, black American novelist, best known for his The Invisible Man 《看不见的人》Alex Harley (1936-1969), black American novelist, best known for his Roots 《根》Toni Morrison(莫里森, 1931-)Toni Morrison is a Nobel Prize-winning female American novelist. among the best known are her novels The Bluest Eye《最蓝的眼睛》and Beloved《宠儿》.20世纪戏剧家Eugene O‘Neil （尤金-奥尼尔, 1888-1953）American playwright, Nobel Prize winner, best known for his Long Day’s Journey Into Night《长夜漫漫路迢迢》, Beyond the Horizon 《天边外》，The Hairy Ape 《毛猿》Arthur Miller （亚瑟-米勒,1915-2005 ）, American playwright, best known for his The Death of Salesman《推销员之死》Edward Albee (阿尔比1928---) is an American playwright best known for Who‘s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?(《谁怕弗吉尼亚伍尔夫》). His early works reflect a Americanization of the Theatre of the Absurd 荒诞派that found its peak in works by Irish playwrights such as Samuel Beckett贝克特.。
英美文学总结
英美文学英国文学1. Old and Medieval (约5世纪~1485) Beowulf The national epic史诗of the EnglishpeopleGeoffreyChaucer乔叟“The father of English poetry” and “thefather of English fiction”;Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》2. the English Renaissance( 15世纪后期至17世纪初)文艺复兴EdmundSpencer斯宾塞“the poets’ Poet”;The Faerie Queen《仙后》Thomas More摩尔Prose writer;Utopia《乌托邦》Francis Bacon培根The founder of English materialistphilosophy（唯物主义哲学）;The first essayist in England;Of Studies《论学习》, of Travel and ofWisdom，The Advancement of Learning《知识的进步》ChristopherMarlowe 马洛Playwright;The tragic History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德》，The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》William Shakespeare 莎士比亚The greatest English playwright, and one of the founders of realism in English literature;He wrote 37 plays (16 comedies, 11 tragedies and 10 historical plays), 154 sonnets十四行诗and some long poems.The Great Comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Twelfth Night;The Great Tragedies:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth;Major historical plays: Henry IV, Henry V.3. The 17th Century English Literature新古典主义派John Milton弥尔顿The greatest poet in the RevolutionPeriod大革命时期;Paradise Lost《失乐园》, ParadiseRegained《复乐园》, Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》John Bunyan班扬Prose writer;The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》John Dryden德莱顿Writer and poet, the most notablerepresentative of English classicism inthe Restoration period王朝复辟时期;All for Love《一切为了爱情》, Antonyand Cleopatra4. The 18th Century English Literature Alexander Pope亚历山大.蒲伯The representative writer of theneo-classical school(新古典主义学派)The Rape of the Lock《卷发遭劫记》, anEssay on Man《人论》，Odyssey《奥德赛》SamuelJohnsonNeo-classical writer;A Dictionary of the English Language,Lives of PoetsDanniel Defoe笛福Realist novelist;“Father of English and EuropeanNovels”’Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》Jonathan S wift斯威夫特Realist novelist;Guilliver’s Travel《格列佛游记》Henry Fielding 菲尔丁Realist novelist, the founder of English realistic novels;The History of Ton Jones, a Foundling 《弃儿汤姆-琼斯》SamuelRichardson理查森,Laurence Sterne劳伦斯-斯特恩,OliverGoldsmith格尔斯密Sentimental 伤感主义novelistsWilliam Blake 布莱克Pre-romantic poet;浪漫主义诗人Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》: eg. The Lamb;Songs of Experience《经验之歌》: eg. The Tiger, London, the Chimney-SweeperRobert Burns 彭斯Pre-romantic poet;The national poet of Scotland; 苏格兰民族诗人A Red, Red Rose《一朵红红的玫瑰》; Auld Lang Syne《美好的往日》；My heart’s in the Highland《我的心在高原》Richard Brinsley Sheridan 谢里丹18世纪英国著名戏剧家，生于爱尔兰，与格尔斯密齐名。
英美文学发展史归纳总结
英美文学发展史归纳总结英美文学发展史可以追溯到17世纪，经历了数百年的演变和发展。
在这段时间里，英美作家创造了许多经典的文学作品，影响了世界各地的文化和艺术。
本文将概括总结英美文学发展史的重要里程碑和主要特点。
1. 宗教与殖民时期英美文学发展史的起点可以追溯到17世纪初的殖民时期。
当时的英国殖民者，主要是清教徒，带着宗教信仰来到美洲。
他们在殖民地建立了宗教社区，并创作了许多宗教文学作品，如《晓谕令》和《殖民新英格兰的宝藏》等。
这些作品强调对上帝的虔诚和个人敬畏，体现了清教徒的宗教信仰。
2. 哥伦布时代哥伦布发现新大陆后，许多探险家和旅行家开始记录他们的经历和发现。
这段时期被称为哥伦布时代，是英美文学发展史上的重要时期。
旅行家如约翰·史密斯和威廉·布拉德福在他们的作品中描述了新大陆的风景和文化，向欧洲读者展示了一个前所未见的世界。
3. 华盛顿·欧文和美国文学的诞生19世纪初，华盛顿·欧文成为美国文学的奠基人之一。
他以短篇小说集《河畔的传说》和《伊金刚的故事》等作品为人所知。
欧文的作品揭示了美国的历史和民间传说，塑造了许多著名的虚构角色，如睡美人和猛士伊金刚。
他被认为是美国短篇小说的鼻祖，对后来的美国作家产生了深远的影响。
4. 哈莱姆文艺复兴时期20世纪20年代，哈莱姆区成为美国黑人文学和文化的中心。
在这个时期，许多黑人作家如朗·邓恩和卡伦·霍纳等开始发表作品，并形成了哈莱姆文艺复兴的浪潮。
这些作家通过小说、诗歌和戏剧反映了黑人的社会经历和文化认同，挑战了当时的种族隔离和歧视。
5. 现代主义文学运动20世纪初，英美文学界出现了一股现代主义的文学运动。
这一运动以托马斯·哈代、弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙和T·S·艾略特等作家为代表，注重对内心世界的描绘和对传统文学形式的颠覆。
现代主义作品强调个人的体验和对现实的怀疑，追求形式上的创新和复杂性。
英美文学 知识点总结
英美文学知识点总结英美文学是指在英国和美国国家领土内产生的文学作品，包括英国文学与美国文学。
英美文学史是人类文明史的一个重要组成部分，包括从古典到现代的文学作品，涵盖了从莎士比亚到奥斯卡·王尔德等众多作家的作品。
英美文学的知识点众多，具有深刻的历史、文化和社会背景，下面将总结英美文学知识点，帮助读者更好地了解和学习英美文学。
1. 英国文学的起源和发展英国文学的起源可追溯至中世纪，早期的英国文学作品包括《贝奥歌》、《坎特伯雷故事集》等。
而随着文艺复兴的到来，英国文学迎来了新的发展时期，莎士比亚、斯宾塞等众多作家的作品为英国文学的繁荣与发展奠定了基础。
18世纪的启蒙运动影响了英国文学的发展方向，霍华德、斯威夫特等作家的作品在英国文学史上留下了重要的痕迹。
2. 美国文学的诞生与发展美国文学的起源较晚，17世纪移民新英格兰书信文学是美国文学的开端。
18世纪，美国文学开始迈入现代化阶段，风格多样的文学作品层出不穷。
19世纪的浪漫主义运动、现实主义运动以及自然主义运动，都为美国文学的繁荣与发展贡献了力量。
3. 英美文学的经典作品在英美文学史上，有许多经典作品，这些作品对后世文学产生了深远的影响。
如莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、奥斯卡·王尔德的《风华绝代》、简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》、查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》等。
4. 英美文学的主题和风格英美文学作品的主题和风格多种多样，既有对家国情怀的歌颂，也有对人性命运的探索。
从文艺复兴时期的骑士文学到现代主义文学，英美文学作品的风格也是千姿百态。
5. 英美文学的流派英美文学的作品涉及的流派众多，包括戏剧、小说、诗歌、散文等。
在戏剧方面，莎士比亚的作品是最具代表性的；在小说方面，狄更斯的作品是最为典型的；在诗歌方面，弗罗斯特的作品是最为著名的。
6. 英美文学的影响英美文学对全球文学产生了深远影响，从语言、风格、主题等方面都对其他国家的文学产生了影响。
英美文学 总结
英国文学资料1.The period of Old English Literature extends from about the year of 450 to the year of 1066.2.the significant event which the commencement of medieval period in English literature is Norman Conquest in the year of 1066,and the medieval literature in Britain covers about four centuries.3.Romance is the most popular literature form in the medieval period.4.Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, and a number of more or less lyrical poemsof shorter length, which do not contain specific Christian doctrines but evoke the Anglo Saxon sense of the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot.5.Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. admired as the father of English Poetry.一、The Renaissance Period (14th--mid-17th century)1. The cradle of the Renaissance is Italy, and the essential characteristics of it are rising of Humanism and the Reformation of Christianity.2. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the Engish Renaissane, and it's most important representative is Shakespeare.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞the poet's poetthe Faerie Queene: Arthur and Gloriana, the FaityQueen ;allegorical poem; the theme is Fierce wares and faithfull lovesthe Shepherds CalenderEpithalanmion2. Christopher Marlowe克里斯多夫.马洛drama:Tamburlaine, Dr. Faustus, The Jew of Maltanon-dramatic poetry: Hero and Leander, the Passionate Shepherd to His Loveachievements:he perfected the blank verse, his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.3. William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚1.he is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets of the world has ever known.history plays: Henry Vi, Richard II, King John, Henry IV,comedies:the Comedy of Errors, the tow gentlemen of verona, the taming of the shrew, love's labour's lost, A Midsummer Night's Dream, the merchant of venice, much ado about nothing, as you like it, twelf night, the merry wives of windsor , all's well that ends well, measure for measure.tragedies: Romeo and Juliet , Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra《安东尼和克娄巴特拉》, Troilus and Cressida, Coriolanustrgicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The winter's tale , The telpestgreatest tragedieys are : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth麦克白.2. Why is Hamlet so impressive in Shakespeare's Hamlet?The hero Hamlet in Shakespeare's play Hamlet is noted for his hesitation to take his revenge, his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anythings . He came to know that his father was mudered by his uncle who became king. He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him. But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle. Thins made hime deep in trouble. When he planned to kill his uncle, he was afraid to hurt his mother . And also ,when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle, he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime. Thus he lost the good chance. Hamlet represented humanism of his time.3. sonnet 18, a nice summer's day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. thus Shakespeare has faith in the permanence of poetry.4. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯.培根1. Bacon's achievements mainly lie in the fields of Philosophy, science and essay writing.2. The master piece of Bacon which opened a new genre in English literature is Essays, and his most important philosophical works include The Advancement of Learing and Novum Organum.3. The sentences "studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability", and "some books are to be tased, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested;....are quoted Of Studies5. John Donne约翰.邓恩玄学派诗人Metaphysical poetryit is a term commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the neoclassic periods and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet's beloved, with God, or withhimeself. （conceit）Donne's masterpiece are The Songs and Sonnets which contains most of his early lyrics with the theme of love and The Holy Sonnets which focused on religion.邓恩在塑造女性形象时，几乎不去描述她外在的美艳，他的诗文中很难见到玫瑰红色的香腮与皓齿樱唇之类的词眼。
最新自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。
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英国文学资料1.The period of Old English Literature extends from about the year of 450 to the year of 1066.2.the significant event which the commencement of medieval period in English literature is Norman Conquest in the year of 1066,and the medieval literature in Britain covers about four centuries.3.Romance is the most popular literature form in the medieval period.4.Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, and a number of more or less lyrical poemsof shorter length, which do not contain specific Christian doctrines but evoke the Anglo Saxon sense of the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot.5.Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. admired as the father of English Poetry.一、The Renaissance Period (14th--mid-17th century)1. The cradle of the Renaissance is Italy, and the essential characteristics of it are rising of Humanism and the Reformation of Christianity.2. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the Engish Renaissane, and it's most important representative is Shakespeare.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞the poet's poetthe Faerie Queene: Arthur and Gloriana, the FaityQueen ;allegorical poem; the theme is Fierce wares and faithfull lovesthe Shepherds CalenderEpithalanmion2. Christopher Marlowe克里斯多夫.马洛drama:Tamburlaine, Dr. Faustus, The Jew of Maltanon-dramatic poetry: Hero and Leander, the Passionate Shepherd to His Loveachievements:he perfected the blank verse, his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.3. William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚1.he is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets of the world has ever known.history plays: Henry Vi, Richard II, King John, Henry IV,comedies:the Comedy of Errors, the tow gentlemen of verona, the taming of the shrew, love's labour's lost, A Midsummer Night's Dream, the merchant of venice, much ado about nothing, as you like it, twelf night, the merry wives of windsor , all's well that ends well, measure for measure.tragedies: Romeo and Juliet , Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra《安东尼和克娄巴特拉》, Troilus and Cressida, Coriolanustrgicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The winter's tale , The telpestgreatest tragedieys are : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth麦克白.2. Why is Hamlet so impressive in Shakespeare's Hamlet?The hero Hamlet in Shakespeare's play Hamlet is noted for his hesitation to take his revenge, his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anythings . He came to know that his father was mudered by his uncle who became king. He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him. But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle. Thins made hime deep in trouble. When he planned to kill his uncle, he was afraid to hurt his mother . And also ,when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle, he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime. Thus he lost the good chance. Hamlet represented humanism of his time.3. sonnet 18, a nice summer's day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. thus Shakespeare has faith in the permanence of poetry.4. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯.培根1. Bacon's achievements mainly lie in the fields of Philosophy, science and essay writing.2. The master piece of Bacon which opened a new genre in English literature is Essays, and his most important philosophical works include The Advancement of Learing and Novum Organum.3. The sentences "studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability", and "some books are to be tased, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested;....are quoted Of Studies5. John Donne约翰.邓恩玄学派诗人Metaphysical poetryit is a term commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the neoclassic periods and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet's beloved, with God, or withhimeself. （conceit）Donne's masterpiece are The Songs and Sonnets which contains most of his early lyrics with the theme of love and The Holy Sonnets which focused on religion.邓恩在塑造女性形象时，几乎不去描述她外在的美艳，他的诗文中很难见到玫瑰红色的香腮与皓齿樱唇之类的词眼。