肺结核(TB) 英文版
肺结核(英文版)PPT
drinking non-sterilised milk from infected cows
Mycobacterium bovis （牛型） Pasteurization(巴氏消毒) has largely eliminated its infection
Primary infection: firm nodule, deep ulcer form and persist , until the animals die.
reinfection: local induration , superfical ulcer, healed quickly.
Caused by the delayed hypersensitivity and immunity in TB disease.
India. is closely linked to the poor public health in these countries.
The incidence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically over past
decades of years.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB for short)
is a rod-shaped(杆状), slow-growing, aerobic（需氧）bacterium, has an unusual, waxy（蜡状的）coating on its cell surface (primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid（分枝菌酸）), which accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics, such as its imperviousness（不通 透性） to Gram staining, so it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus (AFB, 抗酸杆菌).
结核检测结果英文版模板
结核检测结果英文版模板Title: Tuberculosis Screening Results English Template. Introduction:Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Accurate and timely screening for TB is crucial in preventing its spread and ensuring prompt treatment. This document provides an English template for communicating tuberculosis screening results to patients and healthcare providers. It ensures consistency, clarity, and adherence tointernational standards.Patient Information:1. Full Name:2. Date of Birth:3. Gender:4. Nationality:5. Contact Information:Screening Details:1. Screening Date:2. Screening Method Used: (e.g., sputum smear microscopy, culture, X-ray, etc.)。
3. Screening Location: (e.g., hospital, clinic, community health center, etc.)。
Screening Results:1. Test Result: (e.g., positive, negative, indeterminate)。
肺结核英文介绍ppt课件
肺结核英文介绍
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First,a control system
Second, the patients
need to see doctors because of illness
Third,management.Stre
ngthening the management of registration of patients
肺结核英文介绍
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Daily Preventive measures
肺结核英文介绍
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That's all. Thank you.
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Tubercle bacillus 肺结核菌
肺结核英文介绍
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Transmission way - through the AIR
Cough Sneeze Spit Give off airborne droplets
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肺结核英文介绍
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Susceptible population
• In addition to genetic factors , still include the life to poverty, living crowded, malnutrition and other social factors
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
肺结核英文介绍
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Sunny Lynn Martina Angeline Hermion Sonia
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It is a chronic infectious disease(慢性传染疾病),
Tuberculosis definition
T-SPOT介绍
内容
结核病基础概念 T-SPOT.TB 产品知识 T-SPOT.TB 临床应用 病例分享
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T-SPOT®.TB原理
T-SPOT®.TB原理：结核感染者体内存在特异的效 应T淋巴细胞，效应T淋巴细胞再次受到结核抗原 （ESAT-6，CFP 10）刺激时会分泌多种细胞因子 （ IFN-γ ）。因此，检测效应T淋巴细胞可用于结 核病或结核潜伏感染者的诊断
WHO warns against the use of inaccurate commercial serological tests for pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB
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小结
活动性结核病与潜伏性结核感染的区别 LTBI危险因素 结核中有20%左右的肺外结核，诊断困难 传统结核诊断方法不能满足临床需要
T-SPOT®.TB
——结核感染T细胞检测 （免疫斑点法）
列入欧美等20多个国家结核诊疗指南
内容
结核病基础概念 T-SPOT.TB 产品知识 T-SPOT.TB 临床应用 病例分享
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
内容
结核病基础概念 T-SPOT.TB 产品知识 T-SPOT.TB 临床应用 病例分享
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2000-2008年我国肺结核报告发病情况
基本不受免疫力低下/受抑制影响，在肺外结核患者中有很高的检出率
美国FDA数据：灵敏度95.6%(175/183) 国内临床数据：灵敏度95.3%(624/655)
• 快速简便
简单的血液检测，隔天报告结果
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国外文献汇总——灵敏度
Reference Kobashi et al. J Infect. 2009; 58(3):197-204 Domínguez et al. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009; 63(1):43-51 Bosshard et al. Respir Med. 2009; 103(1):30-4. Higuchi Med Microbiol Immunol. 2009; 198(1):33-7 Kim et al. Am J Med 2009 ;122(2):189-95 Nicol et al. Pediatrics. 2009; 123:38-43 Markova et al. Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. 2009;23(1): 1103-1108 Soysal et al IJTLD 2008 12(1):50-56* Dominguez et al Clin Vacc Immunol 2008 15(1);168-71* Chee et al J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46(6):1935-40 Connell et al PLoS ONE 2008. 3; 7:e2624* Kobashi et al. Scand J Infect Dis 2008. 40; 8: 629-34* Goletti et al. PLoS ONE. 2008. 3; 10: e3417.* Kang et al Chest. 2007 Sep;132(3):959-65* Janssens et al ERJ 2007 30(4):722-8 Clarke et al Clin Exp Immunol 2007 150(2):238-44. Detjen et al CID 2007 1;45(3):322-8* Ozekinci et al J Int Med Res 2007;35:696-703 Vincenti et al Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 Oct;150(1):91-8* Wang et al Emerging Infect Dis 2007 13;4:553-8 Losi et al Eur Respir J. 2007 Dec;30(6):1173-9 Kim et al Arch Intern Med 167;20:2255-2259 Jafari et al 2006 AJRCCM 174;9:1048-53 Ferrara et al Lancet 2006 376;1328-34* Lee et al Eur Respir J 2006 28;24-30* Goletti et al Clin Microbiol Infect 2006 12;6:544-50*
肺结核
论述肺结核肺结核:pulmonary tuberculosis（简称TB）结核病是由结核杆菌(tubercle bacillus) 引起的慢性传染病，可累及全身多个器官，但以肺结核最为常见。
本病病理特点是结核结节和干酪样坏死，易形成空洞。
临床上多呈慢性过程，少数可急起发病。
常有低热、乏力等全身症状和咳嗽、咯血等呼吸系统表现。
简介：结核俗称“痨病”，是结核杆菌侵入体内引起的感染，是青年人容易发生的一种慢性和缓发的传染病。
一年四季都可以发病，15岁到35岁的青少年是结核病的高发峰年龄。
潜伏期4～8周。
其中80％发生在肺部，其他部位(颈淋巴、脑膜、腹膜、肠、皮肤、骨骼)也可继发感染。
主要经呼吸道传播，传染源是接触排菌的肺结核患者。
解放后人们的生活水平不断提高，结核已基本控制，但近年来，随着环境污染和艾滋病的传播，结核病又卷土重来，发病率有所上升。
“面色苍白、身体消瘦、一阵阵撕心裂肺的咳嗽……”在１９世纪的小说和戏剧中不乏这样的描写，而造成这些人如此状况的就是当时被称为“白色瘟疫”的肺结核，也即“痨病”。
研究历史：１９世纪，不知有多少人曾被这种无情的烈性传染病夺去了亲人或朋友，虽然２０世纪多种有效抗生素和预防药物的产生使肺结核病例在世界范围内迅速减少，但因此放松警惕就大错特错了。
世界卫生组织警告说，近年来肺结核在全球有卷土重来之势，对这种传染病的防治不容懈怠。
１８８２年，德国科学家罗伯特·科赫宣布发现了结核杆菌，并将其分为人型、牛型、鸟型和鼠型４型，其中人型菌是人类结核病的主要病原体。
肺结核就是主要由人型结核杆菌侵入肺脏后引起的一种具有强烈传染性的慢性消耗性疾病。
常见临床表现为咳嗽、咯痰、咯血、胸痛、发热、乏力、食欲减退等局部及全身症状。
肺结核９０％以上是通过呼吸道传染的，病人通过咳嗽、打喷嚏、高声喧哗等使带菌液体喷出体外，健康人吸入后就会被感染。
１９４５年，特效药链霉素的问世使肺结核不再是不治之症。
肺结核pulmonarytubercul-PPT课件
2. 血行播散型肺结核
(1) 急性血行播散 型肺结核(急性粟粒 型肺结核)
双肺对称分布， 大小相等，密度均 匀的粟粒样结节。
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2) 亚急性和慢性 血行播散型肺结 核
双肺上中部分 布为主的大小不 等，密度不均匀， 新、旧病灶同时 存在的结节状或 小斑片状阴影.
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三、 浸润型肺结核
体格检查：Ｔ38℃ Ｐ100次/分 Ｒ20次/ 分 BP 120/80mmHg. 发育正常，营养 中等，消瘦，表浅淋巴结未触及，左上肺 及肩胛间区可闻及小水泡音，心脏听诊无 异常，腹平软，肝脾未触及。胸片：
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【鉴别诊断】
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一.结核球与肺癌的鉴别
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→ →
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二.结核空洞与肺癌空洞、肺脓肿空洞的 鉴别
3、培养法
4、聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain reaction P.C.R)
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二、Ｘ线检查
是早期发现肺结核的主要方 法;
也是肺结核分型的重要依据。
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三、结核菌素试验
①旧结核菌素(OT） （Old tuberculin). ②结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(P.P.D). (purified protein derivative)
强阳性(＋＋＋)硬结直径＞20mm。或
局
部有水疱，坏死者。
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临床意义
1.阳性意义:
(1) 成人 P.P.D试验5U阳性，只说明 有结核感染。
(2) P.P.D试验1U强阳性，说明体内有 活动性结核病灶。
(3) 3岁以下儿童5U P.P.D试验强阳性， 应视为有新近感染的活动性结核病灶。
肺结核英文课件
sympt1.Drug-resistant Tuberculosis:
Drug-resistant TB is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one first-line antiTB drug. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is resistant to more than one anti-TB drug and at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF).
tent TB Infection:
The medications used to treat latent TB infection include:
isoniazid (INH)(异烟肼) rifampin (RIF)(利福平) rifapentine (RPT)(利福喷丁)
Certain groups of people (such as people with weakened immune systems) are at very high risk of developing TB disease once infected with TB bacteria.
After several years of joint efforts worldwide, the global tuberculosis epidemic trend appears new change. By the end of 2011who announced a global significant new findings: (1) since 2006, the absolute number of cases of tuberculosis declined (as opposed to a global report on the slow rise); (2) since 2002, of tuberculosis incidence decreased ( this more than ever the incidence began to decline in2010, two years earlier ), estimating the global new tuberculosis patients: a report of 8800000 cases; (3) reduced the annual TB deaths estimated number;2010 not infected with the AIDS virus to patients with tuberculosis death toll to 1100000, and 35death in HIV-infected tuberculosis; (4) in 2009, with nearly 10000000of children whose parents died of tuberculosis orphaned.
肺结核治疗方案缩写
肺结核治疗方案缩写肺结核（Tuberculosis，简称TB）是一种由结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）感染引起的慢性呼吸系统疾病。
肺结核是一种严重的全球性公共卫生问题，每年有数百万人受到感染，造成数百万人死亡。
为了更好地管理和治疗肺结核，医疗界开发了一系列的治疗方案。
1. 简介肺结核治疗方案缩写（Abbreviated Therapy Regimens for Tuberculosis，简称ATR-TB）是根据疾病的严重程度和患者的特定情况，制定的一套有效的肺结核治疗方案。
ATR-TB的目标是减少治疗时间和提高治愈率，同时减少治疗过程中的不良反应。
2. ATR-TB 方案ATR-TB方案在治疗过程中使用了多种抗结核药物，包括伊索韦胺（Isoniazid）、利福平（Levofloxacin）、吡嗪酰胺（Pyrazinamide）以及乙胺丁醇（Ethambutol）。
根据患者的病情和分组，ATR-TB方案分为以下几个阶段：2.1 初始治疗阶段•初始治疗阶段的主要目标是消除活动的结核菌感染。
这个阶段通常持续6个月。
•初始治疗阶段的药物组合包括伊索韦胺、利福平、吡嗪酰胺和乙胺丁醇。
•每天口服药物，按照医生的指示进行正规用药。
•在此阶段，患者要定期进行药物代谢监测和治疗反应监测。
2.2 缩短治疗阶段•缩短治疗阶段的主要目标是在初始治疗阶段之后进一步清除残留的结核菌。
•此阶段通常持续4个月。
•缩短治疗阶段的药物组合包括伊索韦胺、利福平和吡嗪酰胺。
•在此阶段，患者仍然需要定期进行药物代谢监测和治疗反应监测。
2.3 个体化治疗阶段•个体化治疗阶段是根据患者的具体情况和耐药情况进行的。
•在此阶段，医生会根据患者的病情选择适当的抗结核药物进行治疗。
•个体化治疗阶段的治疗时间和药物组合会因人而异。
3. 注意事项在进行ATR-TB治疗的过程中，患者需要注意以下事项：•患者需要按照医生的建议规律服药，并按时复诊。
医疗课件-肺结核
初始塗陰： 2HRZE/4H2R2 或 2HRZ/4H2R2 1HS/11HE
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原發感染
結核菌
巨噬細胞 吞噬
體內 殺傷
殺滅 存活
自愈 休眠菌
原發綜合征
原發灶
淋 巴 管 炎
繼發性 血播 肺外結核
肺門淋巴結腫大
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免疫與變態反應
巨噬細胞 分泌IL-1、IL-6、TNF-a 形成肉 芽腫，
T細胞 TH1、TH2、CD4+
Koch現象：
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Koch現象
Koch在1890年就觀察到，用結核菌注人 未受過感染的豚鼠皮下，經10- 14日後出現 注射局部腫結，隨後潰爛，形成深潰瘍， 很難癒合，並且進一步發展為肺門淋巴結 腫大，終因全身播散而死亡。結素試驗呈 陰性反應。但對3-6周前受染、結素反應轉 陽的豚鼠注射同等量的結核菌，2-3日後局 部呈現劇烈反應，迅速形成淺表潰瘍，以 後較快趨於癒合，無淋巴結腫大和周身播 散，動物亦無死亡。此即Koch現象。
恢復代謝的菌有殺傷 吸收快，持續時間長，腸肝迴圈 不良反應：肝功損害，變態反應 用法：0.45 1/d，空腹
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半殺菌劑
PZA: 在酸性環境中對細胞內靜止菌有強有 力的殺滅作用 不良反應：肝損、高尿酸血症 用量：0.5 3/d
SM: 在鹼性環境對細胞外結核菌殺傷力強 干擾結核菌蛋白合成 不良反應：腎毒性、第8對腦神經損害 用量：0.75 1/d
血型播散型肺結核(II型)
繼髮型肺結核(III)
占90%以上 多種形態：增殖
肺结核防治作文500字
肺结核防治作文500字【英文版】Prevention and Control of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Starting from OurselvesPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a common respiratory infectious disease that poses a great threat to our physical health. Therefore, it is everyone's responsibility to prevent and control TB.It is crucial to understand the transmission routes and symptoms of TB. TB is mainly transmitted through airborne droplets, and its symptoms include cough, sputum production, fever, night sweats, etc. Therefore, we should pay attention to maintaining good ventilation in our daily lives, avoiding prolonged exposure in enclosed environments, and promptly detecting and treating symptoms such as cough and sputum production to prevent the spread to others.Strengthening personal hygiene habits is also key to preventing TB. We should cultivate good hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently, wearing masks, and not spitting randomly. In addition, exercising regularly, getting sufficient sleep, and maintaining a balanced diet also help improve our immune system and prevent the occurrence of TB.Apart from individual prevention, society should also strengthen its efforts in TB prevention and control. The government should increase its promotional efforts for TB prevention and control, raising public awareness and importance of TB. At the same time, medical institutions should also strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of TB, ensuring that patients can receive prompt treatment and reducing the risk of transmission.Each of us should actively participate in TB prevention and control. We canparticipate in related promotional activities, disseminate knowledge about TB prevention and control to people around us, and raise everyone's awareness of prevention. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the treatment of TB patients, providing them with care and support, and helping them recover their health as soon as possible.The prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis is everyone's responsibility. We should start from ourselves, strengthen personal hygiene habits, actively participate in social prevention and control, and jointly contribute to the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis.【中文版】肺结核是一种常见的呼吸道传染病，它给我们的身体健康带来了极大的威胁。
肺结核PlmonaryTuberculosis课件
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继发性结核
• 内源性复发 • 外源性重染
• 有明显临床症状，需积极治疗，自然病 程5年死亡率50%，防治重点。
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病理与分型
基本病理变化
渗出性病变 增殖性病变 干酪性病变 • 相互转化、交错存在 • 多态性、多形性、多变性
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结核结节
郎罕氏细胞
增殖 30
易感。
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影响因素
• 细菌数量 • 空间密度 • 通风情况 • 接触时间 • 免疫状况
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化疗的影响
• 2周 5% • 4周 0.25%
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感染途径
• 呼吸道传播 90-95% 传染性微滴核(咳嗽、打喷嚏等)
• 消化道传播 • 接触传播
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空洞
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结核性胸膜炎(IV型)
• 结核性干性胸膜炎 • 结核性渗出性胸膜炎 • 结核性脓胸
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结核性渗出胸膜炎(IV型)
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肺外结核(V型)
• 骨结核 • 肾结核 • 肠结核 • 结核性脑膜炎
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痰结核菌检查
继发型肺结核
两上肺、肺尖云絮、斑片状阴影，边缘模 糊的较高密度不均一、大片状阴影，可有透 亮区或空洞，多形病灶混合存在
结核性渗出性胸膜炎 患侧呈上缘为外高内低弧形的大片致密影
结核菌素试验
• 方法：皮内注射，观察48-72h
普查
1：2000 5TU
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convulsions and coma
The transmission way of TB
• .Direct transmission:Direct inhalation of open pulmonary tuberculosis patients sprayed droplets
• .Indirect transmission:Floating in the air inhaled TB containing droplets, often occur in indoor air circulation
The causemanifestation of TB
The transmission way of TB
Prevention of TB
Pulmonary Tuberculosis:
It is a chronic infectious disease(慢性感染性疾 病) caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis which may invade the body of a variety of organs, especially the lungs.
Charming because of the illness Frail because of the illness
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
TB
Group members：刘毅琦.陈利薇.黄赞兴.曹文钒.李嘉俊.章忠齐.朱俊
Content
1 2 3 4 5 6
Definition of TB Classification of TB
Classification of TB:
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis Hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis Secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
Tubercle bacillus
The clinical manifestation of TB
Cough, expectoration, chest pain The lungs could be
heard and rales
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Hemoptysis
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Asphyxia, with cyanosis, irritability,
The cause of TB
•TB is spread from person to person through the airborne particles(尘埃粒子). When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. A person needs to inhale only a few of these germs to become infected.
6.Keep a balanced diet
Prevention of TB
1.Often open windows 2.Avoid going to many crowded Public place 3.Timely increase or decrease clothes 4.Develop good health habits
5.Often exercise
• 1.The results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by anti-acid staining is red, called acid-fast bacilli. • 2. Resistance is strong, in dry sputum can survive in half a year. • 3.Slow growing, it takes 2-8 weeks to form obvious colony.