翻译技巧 8 名词性从句的翻译
英译汉——名词性从句的译法
考研英语每日一课（英译汉——名词性从句的译法）英译汉——名词性从句的译法英语名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句, 在翻译这类从句时, 大多数可以按照原文的句序翻译成相应的汉语,但是也有一些具体的处理方法,下面我们结合一些实例加以说明：例1.How andwhenhuman lang uagedevel opedand w hethe r ani malssuchasch impan zeesand g orill as ca n dev elopa mor e ela borat e sys tem o f com munic ation areissue s atprese nt be ing r esear ched, butas ye t lit tle u nders tood.人类的语言是如何发展起来的, 是什么时候形成的, 诸如黑猩猩和大猩猩一类的动物是否会形成一种更加复杂的交流系统,都是现阶段人们研究的课题, 但对此人们都知之甚少。
（主语从句）例2.How w ell t he pr edict ion w ill b e val idate d bylater perf orman ce de pends upon theamoun t, re liabi lity, andappro priat eness of t he in forma tionusedand o n the skil l andwisd om wi th wh ich i t isinter prete d. (95年考题)这些预测能在多大程度上被后来的成绩所证实取决于所使用的信息的量、可靠性和适合程度,并取决于对信息作出解释的技能和智慧。
常见的八种逻辑关系级翻译技巧【】
常见的八种逻辑关系级翻译技巧【最新】-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII常见的八种逻辑关系1，并列关系:and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, thatis to say, as well as, same…as2，递进关系:then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more 3，因果关系:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so(such) … that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, with, for this reason, lead to, too…to4，转折关系:but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while,whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of5，让步关系:although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of6，列举关系:first—second—last of all, first—then, to begin with—to continue/next, on one hand—onthe other hand, for one thing—for another thing, one—another, some—others—still others7，举例关系:such as, for example, for instance, of these/those/them, among these/those/them, toillustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely 8，总结关系:in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, altogether, to sum up, to summarize, toconclude, to generalize, to put it in one word翻译技巧技巧之一：“定语从句”的翻译总的原则: ”长后短前” (和主句比)类定语从句:1)、限定性 (没逗号);2)、非限定性 (有逗号).1)、限定性定语从句:A. 较短 --- 直译为前置定语, 并加”的”;. It is the book which interets me.这是一本我感兴趣(的)书.B. 较长 --- 译为另一个分句, 重复先行词;. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍惜的, 在过去, 许多中国人曾为这个理想牺牲了自己的生命.(重复先行词”理想”)2) 非限定性定语从句:A. 较短 --- 直译为前置定语, 加”的”;. But Miggle's laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.但是米格尔富有感染力的笑声打破了静默.B. 较长 --- 译为并列分句, 重复先行词或用代词替代.. I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.我把这件事告诉了约翰, 约翰(他)又告诉了他的弟弟.(重复先行词约翰或用代词”他”替代)技巧之二：“同位语从句”的翻译四种翻译方法:1)、译为独立的句子;2)、“名转动, 从变宾”;3)、“这、那复指”;4)、主谓词组作定语.1)、译为独立的句子:适用条件: 同位语较长, 或以插入语形式出现,或同时满足以上两者.解决办法: 把同位语从句译为独立的句子, 用”认为……”, “就是……”, “即……”, 冒号, 破折号或括号等引出.. My grandfather was obviously wrong in his opinion that a woman`s place was in the home.我祖父的观点, 即所谓女人的位置应该在家里, 很明显是错误的.2)、“名转动, 从变宾”:适用条件: 先行词在主句中作宾语.解决办法: 把同位语从句修饰的名词转译为动词, 而把同位语从句译成宾语.. He expressed the hope that he could visit our city again.他希望他能再次访问我们的城市.3)、“这、那复指”:适用条件: 先行词在主句中作主语.解决办法: 先把同位语从句的内容翻译出来,在后面用”这”或”那”等代词复指同位语从句的内容, 使其与句子主体连接起来.. The dictum that the style is the man is known to most of us.文如其人, 这句名言为我们大多数人所熟悉.4)、主谓词组作定语:适用条件: 先行词在主句中作主语.解决办法: 把同位语从句翻译成主谓词组, 放在先行词前面充当定语.. Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.然而, 从一开始, 我仍然活着的事实就被忽略了.技巧之三“定语转译”1) 定语转译为谓语(动词):. Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton.中子的质量(是)略大于质子的质量.2) 定语转译为状语:适用条件: 定语所修饰的名词或名词性词组在主句中作为动词或介词的宾语出现.. Scientists in that country are now supplied with necessary books, equipment and assistant that will ensure success in their scientific research.两种译法:1) 定语从句”长后短前”译法(重复先行词):现在已给该国科学家提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手, 这些将保证科研工作的成功.2) “定语转译”译法(转译为目的状语):现在已给该国科学家提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手, 以保证科研工作的成功.技巧之四：“后置定语的翻译”总的原则: “英语定语多后置, 汉语定语多前置” 最常见的两种长后置定语的翻译方法:1) 介宾形式的长后置定语;2) 非谓语动词形式的长后置定语.1) 介宾形式的长后置定语:适用条件: 由多个介宾短语并列构成, 通常为了符合英文的行文习惯, 介宾短语表示的范围一般为由小到大.解决方法: 按照汉语的行文习惯, 变换顺序为由大到小.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp (of the basic features) (of the Canadian Constitution) can do a competent job on political stories. (2007年, 49题)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration (of rules) (of conduct) (in business).（2006年, 49题)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding (of the established conventions and special responsibilities) (of the news media.) (2007年, 48题)2) 非谓语动词形式的长后置定语:适用条件: 由非谓语构成的短语结构, 其逻辑上的主语就是被修饰的名词性结构.解决方法: 将其单独译为一个分句, doing表示主动/正在, done表示被动/完成,to do表示意愿/将来.On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge (made by some of his critics) that,while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.(2008年, 48题)技巧之五：“宾语从句的翻译”总的原则: 英文中的谓语动词、非谓语动词和介词都可以带宾语, 也都可以带宾语从句.最常见的两种宾语从句类型:1) 普通宾语从句;2) it作形式宾语的宾语从句.1) 普通宾语从句:一般不改变原句顺序, 即采用“顺译法”.I don`t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的.They believe that they will surely win the game.他们相信他们肯定会赢得这场比赛. He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家, 决定这件事的不只是他一个人, 还有其他许多人.2) it作形式宾语的从句:翻译时it一般不必译出, 而真正的宾语从句一般可按原文顺序译出, 即采用“顺译法”.I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o`clock in the morning.我向他们讲得很清楚, 他们必须在上午十点之前提交论文.但有时候, 考虑到汉语的表达习惯, 译文中需要将真实宾语提前:I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.被选中参加会议, 我感到很荣幸.采用此种译法时, 有时需要用“这”, “它”等对真实宾语进行重复.We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.打开国门, 实行开放, 我们认为这是绝对必要的. (it翻译为“这”)技巧之六：“表语从句的翻译”总的原则: 名词性从句的一种, 既可顺译, 也可逆译, 既可以与主句译为一个共同的简单句, 也可以单独译为一个分句, 要根据具体语境判断.1) 与主句合译为一个简单句:. Time factor is what we have to take into consideration.时间因素是我们不得不考虑的.2) 单独译为一个分句:. The question which worries everyone today is how long will these fuels last.今天人人都担心的问题是: 这些燃料能用多久.几种常见表语从句类型:1) that (this) is why…:解决方法:a) 如果采用顺译法, 可译为“这就是为什么… (的缘故)”;b) 如果采用逆译法, 可译为“…的原因就在这里”, “…的理由就在于此”.That is why practice is the criterion of truth and why the standard of practice should be first and fundamental in the theory of knowledge.所谓“实践是检验真理的标准”, 以及所谓“实践的标准应该是认识论首要的和基本的观点”,(这两种观点的理由)就在于此.2) this (it) is because:解决方法:此句型一般采用“顺译法”, 可译为“这是因为…(的缘故)”.. This is because the direct current flows in a wire always in one direction.这是由于直流电在导线中总沿着一个方向流动的缘故.3) this is what:解决方法:a) 如果采用“顺译法”, 通常译为“这就是… (的内容)”;b) 如果采用“逆译法”, 通常译为“…就是这个道理”.. This is what we have discussed today.这就是今天我们讨论的内容.4) this (that) is where:解决方法:a) 如果采用“顺译法”, 通常译为“这就是…的地方”;b) 如果采用“逆译法”, 可译为“…的地方就在于此”.. This is where I disagree with you.这就是我不同意你的地方.技巧之七：“同位语 + 后置修饰结构”总的原则: 此结构中同位语一般为一个单词, 而后置修饰语的结构一般都比较复杂, 可以是定语从句, 也可以是分词或不定式结构.(05年, 47题, 48题).解决方法:将这种结构译为一个独立的分句, 同位语在分句中作主语或宾语.You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply changing their habits and hunting by day.也许你会说这是他们自己造成的问题, 通过改变生活习性在白天出来捕食, 它们可以轻松解决这一问题.And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the country-side because it was initially “too quiet”, an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels.我们大多数人都有过这样的经历: 如果在深山或者乡村睡觉, 必须作一些调整才能睡得着, 因为这些地方起初“太安静”了. 这一例子说明人类有能力去适应各种不同程度的噪音.技巧之八：“名词转译为动词”总的原则: 英语多用名词少用动词;汉语多用动词少用名词.1) 英语中由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词, 很多时候可以转译为汉语中的动词:Rocket have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙.The sight and sound of our jet plane filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机, 听见隆隆的机声, 我感到特别神往.2) 英语中有些表示职业的名词(通常后缀为-er), 有时在句中并不表示身份和职业, 而是含有较强的动作意味或说明具有某种品质, 在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时, 往往可译为汉语中的动词.As a successful career woman, she is also a good cook.身为一名成功的职业女性, 她做菜也做得很好.Some of my classmates are good singers.我同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好.技巧之九：“状语的翻译”总的原则: 状语两大类: “从句类” ; “非从句类”最常见的两种非从句类型:1) 副词作状语;2) 短语作状语 (介宾, 不定式).总的处理原则:1) 副词作状语 (较短):直接译为汉语中的状语.2) 短语作状语 (较长):将其译为一个分句.With a slight gesture she summons the Indian boy standing behind her chair, and whispers to him.她向站在她座位后面的印度男仆微微作了个手势, 示意他过来, 对他耳语一番.Flooded with calls, the company is maximizing profits by handling in city runs.叫车的人太多了, 公司便只接来往于市内的生意, 这样可以使利润最大化.技巧之十：“状语从句的翻译”总的原则: 状语从句分为两大类:“while型”和“非while型”.while引导的让步状语从句:(状语从句翻译中的难点)(2007, 50题; 2009, 48题; 2008, 48题;)难点: 判断while的不同含义.While I admit I did it, I didn`t intend to.尽管我承认是我做的这件事, 但我并不是有意的.“非while型”的两种基本翻译方法:1) 顺译法;2) 逆译法.1) 顺译法:When the storm had passed, we continued our way.暴风雨过后, 我们继续赶路.We can chop and change till we get someone who suits.我们可以变来变去, 直到我们找到一个合适的人.2) 逆译法:起因: “英语状语多后置, 中文状语多前置”.方法: “颠倒顺序(为了符合中文习惯)”. The students stood up before the teacher had come in.老师还没进来学生就站起来了.技巧之十一：“非谓语动词作状语”总的原则: 非谓语动词包括不定式, 动名词和分词, 非谓语结构在句中可作除谓语之外的多种句子成分. 其中非谓语动词作状语时, 其功能相当于状语从句, 修饰谓语动词.解决方法:与状语从句一样, 非谓语结构也可以用来表示时间, 原因, 结果, 条件, 让步, 方式等. 翻译时可译为一个分句, 并可增译相应连词来表明其与主句之间的逻辑关系.Coming from Iran, I have a keen interest in Middle Eastern science.因为我来自伊朗, 所以对中东的科技有浓厚的兴趣.Managed badly, email can be a waste of valuable time.如果管理不当, 电子邮件会浪费我们的宝贵时间.技巧之十二“被动语态的翻译”总的原则: 英语多被动, 汉语少被动.最常见的两种翻译方法:1)直译为汉语的被动句;2)转译为汉语的主动句.1) 直译为汉语的被动句:适用条件: 着重表达被动含义的英语被动句.解决方法: 直接翻译为汉语中的被动句, 汉语中表达被动意义的语言工具主要有”被, 受, 遭, 让, 给, 由, 把, 得到,受到, 加以, 得以, 为…所, 由…来”等The minister was found to have appropriated government money.部长被发现挪用公款.(部长挪用公款被发现.)He was praised by his teacher.他得到了老师的表扬.(他被老师表扬了.)Problems should be resolved in good time.问题应及时加以解决.(问题应得到及时解决.) (问题应被及时解决.)2) 转译为汉语的主动句 (六种译法):A. 保存原句主语;B. 原文主语转译为宾语;C. 增译主语;D. 译成汉语”无主句”;E. 译成汉语”判断句”;F. 被动句型”It + 被动语态+ that”的翻译.A. 保存原句主语:适用条件: 主语为无生命的名词, 且句中不出现由by引导的行为主体.解决方法: 被动句主语直接变为主动句主语.Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.水能从液体变成固体.B. 原文主语转译为宾语:适用条件1): 句中由by引出动作的施动者.适用条件2): 介词短语构成的状语引出施动者.解决方法: 施动者变主语, 原主语变宾语.Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.这种化学反应能放出热和光.Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country.我国已将通讯卫星用于实况直播.C. 增译主语:适用条件: 句中未出现表示行为的主体.解决方法: 适当增添一些泛指性的主语, 如”人们”、”有人”、”大家”、’’我们”等. The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索.D. 译成汉语”无主句”:适用条件: 有些被动句不需要或者无法说出行为的主体.解决方法: 翻译成汉语中的”无主语句型”, 原句中的主语译成宾语.Measurements have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading.已经采取了措施防止这种流行病的蔓延.E. 译成汉语”判断句”:适用条件: 有些被动句不突出强调被动动作,而着重对事物的状态、过程和性质等加以描述, 其作用与”主系表”结构类似.解决方法: 翻译成汉语中的”判断句”, 经常采用”是…的”句式.Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的.F. 被动句型”It + 被动语态+ that”的翻译:适用条件: It作形式主语, that引导的从句是真正主语.解决方法: 1) 增译泛指性主语, 如“我们”, “人们”, “大家”, “有人”等等.2) 译成无主语的汉语句子.It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.有人强调说, 科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域: 自然科学和社会科学.It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.应该指出, 这一过程就是氧化.技巧之十三：“形式主语”的翻译总体原则:先译真实主语, 后译形式主语. (“先真后假”)三种方法:1) 按原句顺序翻译;2) 增译主语;3) 调整语序.1) 按原句顺序翻译:两种情况:A. 真实主语是”不定式短语(to do)”或”动名词短语(doing sth.)”, 整句可译成无主语的句子.. It is no exaggeration to say she is the best mother in the world.可以毫不夸张地说她是世上最好的母亲.B. 真实主语为一个从句, 可将形式主语和谓语译为一个短语, 而将主语从句译为句子的主干.. It goes without saying that these waves travel at the speed of light.显然, 这些波是以光速传播.2) 增译主语:适用条件: 形式主语部分为被动句.解决办法: 根据句意或上下文增译出主语, 或增译泛指性主语”我们”、”人们”、”大家”、”有人”等等.. It was incorrectly believed that current flowed from positive to negative.人们错误的认为电流是由正极流向负极的.3) 调整语序:适用条件: 真实主语为主语从句或其他较长的结构时.解决办法:A. 将真实主语恢复到主语位置.. It was rather hard to bring up the child on her own.她独自一人抚养孩子十分不容易.B. 有时为了说明强调并使汉语句子通顺, 可对主语进行重复.. It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还活着, 这简直难以置信.技巧之十四：“比较结构”的翻译总体原则: 比较结构多英式思维, 很难字面翻译.解决方法:熟记含义的前提下灵活运用.more than:1) more than + 名词/动名词/名词性从句:译法: "不仅仅, 超过, 不同于". Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.刻意练习不仅仅是简单的重复一项任务.2) more than + 动词:译法: "不仅仅, 岂止是, 极大地, 十分的". They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries.他们可以教得很好, 而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水.3) more than + 形容词/副词:译法: "非常, 不止于". I am more than willingly to go out with you.我非常愿意和你一起出去.4) more than + 从句:译法: "并非, 不是"At least you enjoy yourself, which is more than I did.至少你玩儿得很开心, 但是我却没有.The beauty of Chengdu is more than words can describe.成都的美是语言不能形容的.。
英语从句的翻译
英语从句翻译英语名词性从句的翻译可采用顺译法与逆译法1、Subject Clauses1）Subject Clauses Introduced by PronounsWhatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。
2) "It“ Functions as a Formal SubjectIt doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他参不参加会议都没多大关系。
2、Object ClausesI take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him.我理所当然地认为，你会来跟他谈这件事的。
We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take.关于他将走哪条路线，我们还没有确切的消息。
3、Predicative ClausesThis is where the shoe pinches.这就是问题的症结所在了。
Things are not always as they seem to be.事物并不总是如其表象。
4、Appositive Clauses1）Keeping the Original OrderHe expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望能再来中国访问。
2) Converting into an Attributive Order or an Independent ClauseIt does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。
名词性从句翻译
名词性从句翻译名词性从句是一种从句，用作名词的作用，可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语或介词宾语。
名词性从句一般由连接词引导，包括连词that, whether/if , 连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever,whomever, whatever, whichever, 连接副词when, where, why, how等等。
名词性从句的翻译要根据具体的上下文和句子结构进行灵活变通。
下面是一些常见的名词性从句的翻译示例：1. 主语从句：That he is late again is not surprising.他又迟到了并不奇怪。
2. 宾语从句：I don't know where she went.我不知道她去哪里了。
3. 表语从句：The problem is whether we can solve it.问题是我们是否能够解决它。
4. 同位语从句：The news that he passed the exam made us happy.他通过考试的消息使我们很高兴。
5. 介词宾语从句：I am not sure about what he said.我不确定他说的是什么。
6. 间接引导名词性从句：He asked where I lived.他问我住在哪里。
7. 是否从句：I wonder whether/if she will come to the party.我想知道她是否会来参加派对。
8. 选择性从句：He asked me whether I preferred coffee or tea.他问我是喜欢咖啡还是茶。
9. 宾语从句（陈述句变为疑问句）：Do you know what time it is?你知道现在几点钟吗？10. 宾语从句（连接代词）：I wonder who is going to pick us up at the airport.我想知道谁会在机场接我们。
英语从句翻译方法
英语从句翻译方法英语多从句，汉语多分句：就句子种类而言，英语句子不但能够在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也能够用从句使句子变复杂，而这些从句常常经过从句指引词与主句或其余从句连结，整个句子只管表面上看盘根错节倒是一个整体。
汉语原来就喜爱用短句，加上表达构造相对松懈，所以，英译汉时需要将各样英语从句进行办理，能够译成一个汉语单句，也可译成多个汉语分句。
并依据汉语的表达习惯对英语复合句的关系部分（从句指引词）加以逻辑梳理，既分而叙之，又上关下联，承接变换，如同整容。
一名词性从句的译法名词性从句包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
下边我们便逐个阐述这些名词性从句的翻译方法。
1.主语从句1)由 what, whatever, whoever 等代词指引的主语从句汉译时一般可按原文次序翻译。
比如：What he said is true.译文：他说的全部都是真的。
Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.译文：谁违反了纪律，谁就应当遇到责备。
2)由 it 作形式主语指引的主语从句，翻译时视状况能够提早，也能够不提早。
比如：It doesn't make much difference whether you come yourself or send asubstitute.译文：你是自己来仍是派代理人来，都没关紧急。
（提早）It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.译文：驾驶员在飞机坠毁以后居然还活着，这看来是不行想象的。
（提早）It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.译文：这奇异，她居然没有看出自己的弊端。
（不提早）It isreported that our country has sent another spaceship.译文：据报导，我们国家又发射了一艘宇宙飞船。
翻译4.5：名词性从句的翻译
4) It is a matter of common experience that bodies
are lighter in water than they are in air.
物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种常识。
6
翻译技巧——1. 主语从句的翻译
discussions.
教授们和女生都发现，男孩子正在逐渐“接管”课堂讨论。
9
翻译技巧——1. 主语从句的翻译
3) It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes.
许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些过程相比。
4) It was thought that this drug was blown into the bedroom through a tube in the form of a fine powder which the sleeper breathed in.
青少年现在购物更多了，这就会使他们在光顾的商店里花钱多。
2) That aspect has to be weighed against the fact that they might not help your career plans.
但这些工作可能无助于你的择业规划，你必须在这两个方面权 衡一下。
这些组织指控海军的计划违背了保护动物不受虐待的
联邦法律。
11
翻译技巧——2. 宾语从句的翻译
2) But critics wonder if dolphins can be trusted to
名词性从句的译法
目 录
• 名词性从句的概述 • 名词性从句的翻译技巧 • 名词性从句在句子中的位置和功能 • 名词性从句的特殊译法 • 名词性从句在汉译英中的应用
01
名词性从句的概述
定义与分类
定义
名词性从句是句子在复合句中充当名 词成分，包括主语、宾语、表语和同 位语等。
分类
根据功能和意义，名词性从句可以分 为陈述性从句、疑问性从句和祈使性 从句。
主语从句
主语从句在句子中充当主语，表达句子 的核心信息。
在翻译时，通常将主语从句放在句首，以突 出其重要性。
例如：When he comes back is unknown. 他什么时候回来还不知 道。（主语从句翻译为“什么时候 他回来还不知道”）
宾语从句
01
宾语从句在句子中充当宾语，对句子的主语进行补 充说明。
详细描述
合句法是指将多个简单句合并成一个长句，使译文更加 紧凑、连贯。这种方法通常用于翻译多个简单句构成的 长句，如“She is beautiful, and that is why he likes her.”可合句译为“她很漂亮，这就是他喜欢她的原因。 ”
03
名词性从句在句子中的 位置和功能
要点二
详细描述
分句法是指将复杂的名词性从句拆分成多个简单句，使译 文更加清晰、易于理解。这种方法通常用于翻译包含多个 从句或修饰语的名词性从句，如“What I like is the way she talks.”可分句译为“我喜欢的是她说话的方式。”
合句法
总结词
将多个简单句合并成一个长句，增强整体感。
在翻译过程中，要保持原文的语义完整性和通顺度，避免出现歧义和语病。同时，要注意符合目标语 言的表达习惯和规范。
翻译基础8 英语长句的处理(翻译081)
乾隆皇帝弘历 Hongli the Emperor of Qianlong Hongli, Emperor Qianlong 隐居撰写 wrote…in a seclude way live in seclusion and write seclude oneself from society
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้语从句的翻译Attributive Clauses
English Long Sentences 英语长句的翻译
Week 10
Teaching Outline
Student's Presentation 公示语的翻译 Methods of Translating Long English Sentences Attributive Clauses Homework exercises
3. Mixture
还有一些定语从句,译成汉语时可将英语主句压缩成汉 语词组作主语,而把定语从句译成谓语,溶合成一个句子. "We are a nation that must beg to stay alive," said a foreign economist. 一位外国经济学家说道,"我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下 去." We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志. Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes. 好的钟摆可以自动补偿温度变化造成的误差.
考研英语名词性从句翻译如何“译”语中的
考研英语名词性从句翻译如何“译”语中的在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。
由于在多数情况下，主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以，我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句，把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。
也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。
名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)如hether,that，who，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，how，why等引导。
它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
一、主语从句的翻译1.以what,whatever,whoever,whether,when,where,how,why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
Whatever is worth doingshould be done well。
任何值得做的事情都应该做好。
2.用it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子的最前面翻译。
为了强调，it一般可以译出来;如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。
It doesn’t make muchdifference whether he attends the meeting or not。
他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。
二、宾语从句的翻译1.用that，what，how，when，which，why，whether，if引导的宾语从句，在翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
He has informed me whenthey are to discuss my proposal。
他已经通知我他们将在什么时候讨论我的建议。
2.用it作形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it有时候可以不用翻译。
翻译4.5：名词性从句的翻译
2) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction.
你们都多次听说过, 科学家采用归纳法和演绎法进行工作。
3) He just took it for granted that he would pass the exam.
更严厉的批评认为，猿猴其实是在对他们的训练员们不自觉的 暗示作出反应。
14
翻译技巧——3. 表语从句的翻译
3) One of the reasons that therapy often takes so long is that, once you leave the safety and support of a session, you reenter the world where familiar people elicit the familiar reactions.
17
翻译技巧——4. 同位语从句的翻译
但在有些情况下，翻译时，同位语从句可以提前。
1) The fact that they are doing more shopping may result in their spending more money in stores they go to.
青少年现在购物更多了，这就会使他们在光顾的商店里花钱多。
whether animals such as chimpanzees and gorillas can develop a more elaborate system of communication are issues at present being researched.
英译汉8-句子翻译（2）从句译法
第四单元 句子翻译第二节 从句译法一、定语从句 1、前置法例1. 1. Mr. Mr. Mr. Murdoch Murdoch Murdoch who who who owns owns owns the the New New Y ork Y ork Post Post indicated indicated that that that U. U. U. S. S. S. newspaper’s newspaper’s newspaper’s editorial editorial strategies were to blame for their financial problems. 译文：译文：拥有拥有拥有《纽约邮报》的默多克先生指出，美国报纸的编辑战略应承担报纸财务问题的责《纽约邮报》的默多克先生指出，美国报纸的编辑战略应承担报纸财务问题的责任。
任。
例2. The sun, which had hidden all day, now come out in all its splendor. 译文：那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
译文：那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
2、分译法例1. Mr. Murdoch, who once described classified revenues as “rivers of gold”, said: “Sometimes rivers dry up.”译文：默多克先生一度把报纸分类广告形容为“黄金之河”，但他说：“有时河流也会干涸。
” 例2. I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 译文：我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
译文：我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
例3. I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the meeting. 译文：我遇到了一个问题。
考研英语翻译核心技巧
第一节 词类活译法
二、动词转译成名词
这些词需要转译成名词
characterize symbolize serve design
They signed an agreement that served to warm up their relations.
译文：截止到战争结束，这个组 织拯救了大约1000名儿童。
二、保留被动形式
（一）：可译为“被”“给”
Though Hamlet has been disappointed of the throne, everyone respects him.
译文：虽然哈姆雷特被剥夺了王 位，但是大家照样尊敬他。
英语翻译方法汇总
第一节 词类活译法 第二节 代词归位法 第三节 重心转移法 第四节 长句的译法 第五节 语态转换法 第六节 状语从句的译法 第七节 定语从句的译法 第八节 名词性从句的译法
第一节 词类活译法
一、名词转译成动词
In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression (that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought).
Economically speaking, it promotes transnational investment and international trade, thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market.
名词性从句的译法
It’s a pity that you missed such a fine talk.
真遗憾，这样好的报告你没听到。
It is a sheer waste of time that we read such kink of trash.
阅读这样的垃圾图书简直就是浪费时间。
It +被动语态+that从句
名词性从句的译法
名词性从句
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
主语从句的译法
“that + 从句的主语+从句的谓语+主句 的谓语” 译法：可以将“that从句”单独译成一 句，加逗号，再使用“这”字作主语 的句子。 “that”在句中只起连接作用，可省去 不翻。
例：
That the living conditions are improving is evident. 生活条件在改善，这很明显。 That the pilot could have survived the crash seemed inconceivable.
例：
It is an accepte fact that the climate around the world is changing.
世界各地的气候都在变化，这是人所共知 的事实。
相当于： That the climate around the world is changing is an accepted fact.
It is my suggestion that everybody should be there by seven o’clock. 我建议所有的人必须七点钟到达那里。
名词性从句的翻译技巧
名词性从句的翻译技巧主语从句1.用what, whatever, whoever, when ,whether, where, why, how 等来引导主语从句，按照原句的顺序来翻译。
一路上所见所闻给我留下了十分深刻的印象。
他来不来都没关系。
任何值得做的事情都应该做好。
What I saw and heard on my trip left me a very deep impression.Whether he comes or not makes no difference.Whatever is worth doing should be done well.2.用it作形式主语来翻译Ａ. “It +谓语（表语）+that / whether…”句型你来不来参加会议我不在乎。
她居然对我们说谎，这真是不可思议。
It doesn’t make much difference to me whether you attend the meeting or not.It seemed incredible that she should have lied to us.B. “It+被动语态+that”句型这种句子在汉语里常常是主动句，含有“大家”“我们”“有人”“人们”等泛指性的主语，或是以“据……”开头。
据报道，这个会议将在１２月举行。
众所周知,职业体育运动在美国非常普及。
It is reported that the conference will be held in December.It is well known that professional sports are popular in the United States.宾语从句1) 以that, what, how等引导的宾语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译。
我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。
你没听见我的话吗？我告诉他，这个机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。
翻译技巧 常见句型的翻译
6. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof冷漠 and arrogant高傲.
他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
II . 译成后置定语
这是我第一次和领导发生严重纠葛。
IV. 译成状语
有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主 句有逻辑状语关系，对主句其原因、结果、目的、条件、 让步等状语作用，翻译时应尽可能按照其语法功能，译 成与汉语相对应的复句。
21. The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.
据我所知， 英语里并没有这个单词。
状语从句的翻译
3. Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers. 哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在兴建大批的水电站。 4. Wherever you work, you must always serve the
unfair.
他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。
12. These books, which are only a small part of my
collection, I picked up in American.
这些书是我在美国买,它们在我的藏书中只占一小部
分。
13. She was very patient towards the children,
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翻译技巧8 名词性从句的翻译
1. 主语从句
* 以what、whatever等代词引导的主语从句，一般可采用直译。
1）What really concerns us is when our order is ready for shipment.
真正让我们担心的是我们的订货什么时候可以准备装船。
2) Whatever you say cannot make us reduce our price any further.
不管你们怎么说，我们不能再减价了。
3) What you should pay attention to is that claim must be made within the term of validity stipulated in the contract.
必须注意的是，索赔必须在合同规定的有效期内提出。
* 以it为形式主语引导的主语从句，翻译较为灵活。
4) From what you say, it is possible that we have made some mistake in the delivery of the goods meant for you.
根据贵方的来函所述，我方有可能在为贵方备货发运时出了差错。
5) It has also been observed that in many countries it is difficult for a foreign company to obtain not only the import license, but also duty relief.
还应该注意到，外国公司在许多国家很难获得出口许可证及关税的减免。
6）It is a matter of regret that we do not have a stock of sufficient quantity to supply you at present.
本公司目前存货不足，无法满足向贵方的供货，这真是非常遗憾。
2. 宾语从句
*宾语从句的翻译可按原句顺序直译。
1) We presume that your order will be a considerable quantity so we quote our lowest possible prices.
我方认为贵方的订单数量会相当大，因此我方尽可能报最低价。
2) On investigation we have found that the goods were in perfect condition when leaving our shipping department.
我方经调查发现，货物在运离货运部时，情况完好。
3) All letters of ordering merchandise should give explicit information in order to get what is being ordered.
为确保得到所订购的货物，所有订货信件都要求精确清楚。
4) Since we haven’t received your email, we take it for granted that you have already collected your goods.
因为没有收到贵方的电邮，我方当然认为贵方已经领取了货物。
3. 表语从句
*表语从句通常与宾语从句一样，通常按原句顺序翻译。
1) In foreign trade, as in home trade, the goods sold have to be forwarded from one place to another. That is what we called “shipment”.
与国内贸易一样，国际贸易中也同样需要把售出的货物从一个地方运到另一个地方，这就是所称的“装运”。
2) The question is whether the goods are to be repacked at Bangkok since the charges for special packing are excluded from our price.
问题是这批货物是否要在曼谷重新包装，因为这项包装费没有包含在我方的价格里。
3) The following points are what a complaint or claim letter very often contains.
以下要点常常包含在投诉或者索赔信中。
4. 同位语从句
*同位语从句可以先译同位语从句，再译先行词（如例句1-2）；如果同位语从句的先行词具有动词意义，则可先把先行词转译为动词，再把同位语从句译成主谓结构作宾语（如例句3-5）
1）We give no indication that we are willing to accept the price you have offered.
我方没有表示愿意接受贵方的报价。
2）L/C resolves the contradiction that both the importer and the exporter do not trust each other and avoids meeting any possible risks in doing business.
信用证解决了进出口双方互不信任的矛盾，避免了在完成交易的过程中可能遇到的一些风险。
3）But we can hardly overlook the fact that your payments have been delayed so frequently.
但是我方无法漠视贵方经常延期付款的事实。
4）We have received the information that your ordered goods were damaged during transportation.
我方已获悉贵方的订货在运输途中遭受损坏。
5）We are pleased to offer this stock at the special price to all of our customers with the hope that we may be able to develop some business.
我方乐意将这批库存以特别的报价提供给所有的客户，希望能做成一些交易。