党校研究生英语考试试题

一、完形填空（一）The first man who cooked his food，instead of eating it raw，lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We do know，however，that for thousands of years，food was always eaten cold and raw. Perhaps the first cooked food was heated accidentally by a forest fire or by the molten lava from an erupting volcano. No doubt，when people first tasted food that had been cooked，they found it tasted better. However，even after this discovery，cooked food must have remained a rarity until man learned how to make and control fire.Early peoples who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun to cook their food. For example，in the desert areas of the southwestern United States，the Indians cooked their food by placing it on a flat stone in the hot sun. They cooked pieces of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this method.We suspect that the earliest kitchen utensil was a stick to which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire. Later this stick was replaced by an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat on all sides.Cooking food in water was impossible before man learned to make water containers that could not be destroyed by fire.The first cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups and stews could be cooked. As early as 1600 B. C.，the Egyptians had learned to make more permanent cooking pots out of sandstone. Many years later，the Eskimos learned to make similar pans.The day is approaching when the earth’s emissaries(地球使者)will set foot upon the soil of the Moon,Mars,and Venus for the first time in history .years will flash by ,years full of extraordinary（非凡的）first impressions and the newness of the first discoveries, and then the question will arise :what shall we do with the heavenly bodies we have conquered ? How can the best serve mankind（人类）?But why wait until then? Surely there is no harm of thinking about that now and evaluating the opportunities afforded by these conquests. Let us now consider in greater detail（详细）the opportunities that will become available to science as a result of the conquest of the Moon ,Mars,Venus.It is not a matter of mere （只、单单）accident that the Moon attracts our special attention .in the first place,it will undoubtedly be the first goal of space travelers not only because of the relatively insignificant distance between the moon and the earth ,which makes communication with it very convenient,but also because there are various ways in which the moon may be used ,which are impossible in the cases .and ,finally ,because we know much more about the moon than about any other heavenly body and can ,therefor judge of the opportunities it offers more correctly than of those offered by any other heavenly body.All immigrants must become permanent residents of the united states before they can apply for citizen-ship.people who are residents carry with them a small card called an alien registration receipt card .the card is commonly referred to as a “green card “,although it is rarely green in color anymore.The forms that must be filled out in order for you to become a permanent resident differ in the type of immigrant you are. Besides filling out the appropriate forms(适当形式), most candidates（候选人）for permanent residency must submit （提交）photos ,fingerprints,a birth certificate,a police report form their country ,and a health report by a physician（医师）who is recognized by the immigration and naturalization service .candidates must also be interviewed by the immigration office.It is important to be aware of the fact that the process of becoming a permanent resident is often frustrating and sometimes humiliating .occasionally,applications get lost . At other times they seem to be ignored.the process usually takes longer than it would .sometimes ,during an interview ,immigrants are treated rudely and with suspicion .some waiting rooms are dark and dirty .the physician you are required to see often do not have adequate facilities .the best advice we can give you is to remember that the immigration and naturalization service must be responsible for recognizing that dangerous criminals and drug addicts are not accepted.if your papers are taking too long to be processed,it is sometimes helpful to contact the local office of an elected official .he or she might be willing to call the immigration office on your be-half and possibly expedite.（四）Do you forget to turn off the lights and heaters when you go out of a room ? In 2040 it will not matter. They will turn themselves off -and on again when you return. You will choose the temperature for each room ,the lighting and the humidity（湿度）.a sensor will detect(检测）the presence of a human (and, with luck,ignore the dog!)and turn the system on, and when the humans leave i t will turn them off again.。