定语从句语法总结

定语从句

学习目标：掌握并熟练运用定语从句

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词有who/whom/whose/which/that/as 和关系副where/when/why/as。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担当句子成分。

关系代词：that：指代人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语

which：指代物或句子，在从句中作主语或宾语

who：指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语

whom：指代人，在从句中作宾语

whose：指代人或物，在从句中只能作定语,后加名词。

as：指代句子，用于非限制性定语从句，偶尔指代人或物（主要与the same或such 连用），as在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；

关系副词：when 指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因，它们只能在从句中作状语。

why=for which

where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

1)This is the man___________________ helped me.

2)The doctor __________________________ you are looking for is in the next room.

3)Do you know the man ____________ name is Jack?

4) This is the scientist ______________ inventions are well-known.

5) The building ___________________stands near the garden is our school.

6) This is the dictionary ____________________I nee d..

7) He still lives in the room _____________ window faces to the south.

8) Can you tell me the office ____________________ he works?

9) This is the house ____________________ we once lived.

定语从句使用要点：

1、关系代词和关系副词的选用：一是找准先行词，二是看关系词代表什么（人、物或句子等），三是看关系词在定语从句中的语法功能（作主语、宾语或状语），或者说是用关系代词，还是用关系副词完全取决于从句的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

2.关系代词that 和which的选用：

通常只能用that的情况：

1)先行词是all, much, anything ,something ,nothing ,everything ,little ,none 等不定代词。

2)先行词被形容词最高级以及序数词，the last , any , the only ,few , much ,no ,some ,the very 等词修饰。

3)先行词既有人又有物，关系代词应该用that 。

4)that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句。

1)It almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all ____________ he knew in this lesson .

2)The first thing ______________ we should do is work out a plan.

3)The boy and the dog ____________are in the picture are very lovely .

4)This is no longer the place ____________ it used to be .

3.whose 的用法：用来指人或物（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同th e＋n.＋of which互换）

1)They rushed over to help the man _____________ car had broken down .

2)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase ,_______________________(=whose price ) was very reasonable.

4．关系代词as 和which 引导的定语从句的区别

1）as和which 都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如:He married her ,as /which was natural .

2)as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后。which引导的非限制性定语从句只

可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。

3) 当先行词被such，the same 修饰时，关系词常用as 。.注意：当先行词被the same 修饰时，

偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as 引导的定语从句意思有区别。

4）as 引导的非限定性从句的常见结构：As we all know, As is known to all, As is said above , As is already mentioned above , As is often the case , As is reported in the newspaper…

The elephant’s nose is like a snake ,as anybody can see .

1）__________ is known to all ,China is a developing country.

2) He is from the south , ______________ we can know from his accent .

3)Tom was late for school again and again , ____________ made his teacher very angry .

4) I’ve never heard such stories_________ he tells .

5) This is the same dictionary __________I lost last week.

6) She wore the same dress__________ she wore at Mary’s wedding .

她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。

7)She wore the same dress __________ her younger sister wore .

她穿着跟妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。

5.带介词的定语从句：介词+关系代词时，关系代词只能用which/whom，不能用that/who。

1）介词+which/whom。

2) the+名词+of+ which/whom =of +which /whom+ the+名词。

3)名词、代词+of +which /whom。

4)from /to +where ,这种句子较少。

1）He is a good example from ___________ we learned a lot.