肺结核英文课件复习课程
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肺结核(英文版)PPT
Mycobacterium microti（田鼠型） disease
drinking non-sterilised milk from infected cows
Mycobacterium bovis （牛型） Pasteurization(巴氏消毒) has largely eliminated its infection
Primary infection: firm nodule, deep ulcer form and persist , until the animals die.
reinfection: local induration , superfical ulcer, healed quickly.
Caused by the delayed hypersensitivity and immunity in TB disease.
India. is closely linked to the poor public health in these countries.
The incidence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically over past
decades of years.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB for short)
is a rod-shaped(杆状), slow-growing, aerobic（需氧）bacterium, has an unusual, waxy（蜡状的）coating on its cell surface (primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid（分枝菌酸）), which accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics, such as its imperviousness（不通 透性） to Gram staining, so it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus (AFB, 抗酸杆菌).
drinking non-sterilised milk from infected cows
Mycobacterium bovis （牛型） Pasteurization(巴氏消毒) has largely eliminated its infection
Primary infection: firm nodule, deep ulcer form and persist , until the animals die.
reinfection: local induration , superfical ulcer, healed quickly.
Caused by the delayed hypersensitivity and immunity in TB disease.
India. is closely linked to the poor public health in these countries.
The incidence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically over past
decades of years.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB for short)
is a rod-shaped(杆状), slow-growing, aerobic（需氧）bacterium, has an unusual, waxy（蜡状的）coating on its cell surface (primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid（分枝菌酸）), which accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics, such as its imperviousness（不通 透性） to Gram staining, so it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus (AFB, 抗酸杆菌).
《肺结核课件》PPT课件
三、肺结核分类标准和诊断要点
◆ 分类：
1.原发型肺结核 原胸发内含（综淋急急合巴性性征结血粟结行粒核播型散肺型结肺核结）核、 2.血行播散型肺结核 亚急浸性润、性肺结核
3.继发型肺结核 4.结核性胸膜炎
结慢核空结性性核洞血干性球行性肺播胸结散膜核型炎肺结核 结核干性酪渗样出肺性炎胸膜炎
5.其他肺外结核 结核纤性维脓空胸洞性肺结核
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肺结核诊断
三、肺结核分类标准和诊断要点
2、血行播散型肺结核
◆急性粟粒型肺结核：
婴幼儿和青少年，急、持继高热，中毒症状重。
结核X性线脑：膜炎三，均眼匀底栗脉粒络状膜2结m核m结影节，可有全身 淋巴(结分肿布大、，大肝小脾肿、大密，度皮) 肤淡红色栗粒疹，但
极少有呼吸困难。
出水泡或淋巴管炎
整理课件ppt
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肺结核诊断
一、诊断方法
5.结核菌素试验
◆ 反应越强对诊断（特别是婴幼儿）越重要，阴 性的儿童一般表明没有感染
◆ 特殊情况下阴性不能除外结核病： 结核分枝杆菌感染建立充分变态反应之前，
营养不良、HIV感染、麻疹、水痘、癌症严重 的细菌感染包括重症结核病等
整理课件ppt
整理课件ppt
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肺结核诊断
二、肺结核诊断程序
可疑症状患者的筛选
胸部影像异常
是否肺结核
系统检查
胸部影像正常
除外肺结核
除外肺结核 是肺结核
非活动肺结核 活动肺结核
反复查痰
是否排菌
整理课件ppt
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肺结核诊断
一、诊断方法 二、肺结核诊断程序 三、肺结核分类标准和诊断要点
整理课件ppt
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肺结核诊断
4）用药于敏检鉴出定感染，而不是检出结核病 5）结其核他菌检素测为技纯术蛋特白异衍抗化体物PPCDR 4噬8-菌72体小法时等观察结果
肺结核英文介绍ppt课件
肺结核英文介绍
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First,a control system
Second, the patients
need to see doctors because of illness
Third,management.Stre
ngthening the management of registration of patients
肺结核英文介绍
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Daily Preventive measures
肺结核英文介绍
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That's all. Thank you.
肺结核英文介绍
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Tubercle bacillus 肺结核菌
肺结核英文介绍
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Transmission way - through the AIR
Cough Sneeze Spit Give off airborne droplets
肺结核英文介绍
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肺结核英文介绍
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Susceptible population
• In addition to genetic factors , still include the life to poverty, living crowded, malnutrition and other social factors
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
肺结核英文介绍
3723
Sunny Lynn Martina Angeline Hermion Sonia
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It is a chronic infectious disease(慢性传染疾病),
Tuberculosis definition
肺结核英文讲稿课件
TB is transmitted through the air when an infected person cooks or sneezes, refining the bacteria into the air
The bacteria can remain suspended in the air for several hours, and people near may have affected them and become affected
Common symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain,
fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Diagnosis is made through a combination of Chest X-ray, sputum smear microscopy,
Types of surgery
Surgical procedures may include morphology, pneumonia, or decoration to remove affected lung tis sues or scar tis sues
Complications Altough surgical treatment can be effective in cancer cases, it also carries risks of complications, such as postoperative bleeding, infection, and respiratory failure
Maintain a healthy lifestyle
• A healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis This includes a balanced die, sufficient exercise, and sufficient sleep Smoking and excess alcohol consumption can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of tuberculosis, so it is important to quit these unhealthy habits
The bacteria can remain suspended in the air for several hours, and people near may have affected them and become affected
Common symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain,
fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Diagnosis is made through a combination of Chest X-ray, sputum smear microscopy,
Types of surgery
Surgical procedures may include morphology, pneumonia, or decoration to remove affected lung tis sues or scar tis sues
Complications Altough surgical treatment can be effective in cancer cases, it also carries risks of complications, such as postoperative bleeding, infection, and respiratory failure
Maintain a healthy lifestyle
• A healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis This includes a balanced die, sufficient exercise, and sufficient sleep Smoking and excess alcohol consumption can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of tuberculosis, so it is important to quit these unhealthy habits
肺结核英文讲稿
The incidence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically in developed countries due to improved nutrition,housing,effective drugs,vaccines. It remains as a problem in poorer countries (about 80% of the world) its overall incidence is increasing worldwide because of the enhanced susceptibility of AIDS patients and the appearance of drug resistant strains.
The TB lesion often locates at posterior or apical segment of the upper lobe or the superior segment of the lower lobe,especially at the apex of lung just as the picture points out.
Koch and Tuberculosis
Robert Koch(Germany) isolated the tubercle bacillus in 1882 and established TB as infectious disease. Koch was one of the first people to envisage a vaccine for the control of tuberculosis, who discovered the etiologic agent of tuberculosis.
肺结核pulmonarytubercul-PPT课件
2. 血行播散型肺结核
(1) 急性血行播散 型肺结核(急性粟粒 型肺结核)
双肺对称分布， 大小相等，密度均 匀的粟粒样结节。
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2) 亚急性和慢性 血行播散型肺结 核
双肺上中部分 布为主的大小不 等，密度不均匀， 新、旧病灶同时 存在的结节状或 小斑片状阴影.
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三、 浸润型肺结核
体格检查：Ｔ38℃ Ｐ100次/分 Ｒ20次/ 分 BP 120/80mmHg. 发育正常，营养 中等，消瘦，表浅淋巴结未触及，左上肺 及肩胛间区可闻及小水泡音，心脏听诊无 异常，腹平软，肝脾未触及。胸片：
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【鉴别诊断】
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一.结核球与肺癌的鉴别
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→ →
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二.结核空洞与肺癌空洞、肺脓肿空洞的 鉴别
3、培养法
4、聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain reaction P.C.R)
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二、Ｘ线检查
是早期发现肺结核的主要方 法;
也是肺结核分型的重要依据。
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三、结核菌素试验
①旧结核菌素(OT） （Old tuberculin). ②结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(P.P.D). (purified protein derivative)
强阳性(＋＋＋)硬结直径＞20mm。或
局
部有水疱，坏死者。
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临床意义
1.阳性意义:
(1) 成人 P.P.D试验5U阳性，只说明 有结核感染。
(2) P.P.D试验1U强阳性，说明体内有 活动性结核病灶。
(3) 3岁以下儿童5U P.P.D试验强阳性， 应视为有新近感染的活动性结核病灶。
肺结核英文课件
back
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1.Drug-resistant Tuberculosis:
Drug-resistant TB is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one first-line antiTB drug. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is resistant to more than one anti-TB drug and at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF).
Health care
1.Administrative measures 2.Environmental controls e of respiratory protective equipment
The first and most important level of the hierarchy, administrative measures, impacts the largest number of people. It is intended primarily to reduce the risk of uninfected people who are exposed to people who have TB disease.
The continuation phase of treatment is given for either 4 or 7 months. The 4-month continuation phase should be used in the large majority of patients.
and further for sputum examination and tuberculosis.
《结核病总论英文》课件
DOT is a treatment strategy in which a healthcare provider or trained observer directly observes the patient taking their medicine This ensures inheritance to the treatment plan
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TB is classified as either drug sensitive or drug resistant based on its response to treatment with antibiotics
TB can also affect other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, spinl evaluation
The initial evaluation includes a through history and physical examination to identify any symptoms or risk factors for tubercles
Microbiological testing
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Diagnosis of tuberculosis
Chest X-ray: This is the most common diagnostic method used to detect tuberculosis It can show abnormalities in the lungs that may be caused by the disease
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肺结核英文讲稿PPT专业课件
color despite attempts at decolorization, hence the name
acid-fast bacilli(AFB).
(acid-red:alkali-blue)
3.The cell wall has high acid content, which makes it
hydrophobic, resistant to oral fluids.
Epidemiology
One of the leading infectious disease killers.
One third of the world's population is currently infected with TB.
The TB lesion often locates at posterior or apical segment of the upper lobe or the superior segment of the lower lobe,especially at the apex of lung just as the picture poinn as
The Father of Bacteriology
He was presented with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905 for his
investigations and discoveries in relation to
its overall incidence is increasing worldwide because of the enhanced susceptibility of AIDS patients and the appearance of drug resistant strains.
《结核病总论英文》课件
Common symptoms include fever, cough, and phlegm.
Transmission of Tuberculosis
1 Airborne Transmission
TB can be transmitted through the air when a person with active TB coughs or sneezes.
By working together, we can make a difference in the fight against tuberculosis and reduce its impact on individuals and communities.
Ongoing research and innovation are crucial for advancing TB diagnostics, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Implementing measures such as contact tracing, screening, and isolation can help prevent the spread of TB.
2 Personal Protective Measures
Wearing face masks and practicing proper respiratory hygiene can reduce the risk of contracting TB.
Introduction to Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It affects over 10 million people worldwide and presents symptoms such as fever, cough, and phlegm.
《Tuberculosi结核》课件
结核病的危害及预防
1 危害身体健康
结核病会导致肺部感染、器官损害和身体虚弱，严重时可致死。
2 传播途径
结核病通过空气飞沫在人际之间传播，尤其在密闭空间传播风险更高。
3 预防与控制
预防结核病的关键是加强卫生教育、合理用药、及时就医和保持良好的个人卫生习惯。
病因与病理
结核分枝杆菌
结核病是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的，这种细菌对抗 药物的能力极强。
治疗原则
结核病的治疗原则包括充分抗结核药物治疗、合理用 药和规范治疗方案。
手术治疗特点
结核病的手术治疗主要适用于合并严重并发症或耐药性结核病的患者。
结核病的防治ຫໍສະໝຸດ 预防措施控制措施监测与管理
结核病的预防措施包括保持良好的 个人卫生、避免与感染者密切接触、 接种疫苗等。
结核病的控制措施包括筛查感染者、 隔离传染源、追踪接触者并进行治 疗。
结核病PPT课件
本PPT课件将详细介绍结核病的传播途径、病因与病理、临床表现、诊断治疗 以及防治工作的重要性。
什么是结核病
传染病
结核病是一种由结核分枝杆菌 引起，并通过空气飞沫传播的 传染病。
全球挑战
结核病是全球最致命的传染病 之一，每年导致数百万人患病 和死亡。
多系统受累
结核病可以影响人体的多个器 官和系统，尤其以肺结核最为 常见。
感染机制
结核分枝杆菌进入人体后感染肺部组织，引起炎症反 应和结核结节形成。
临床表现
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常见症状
结核病的常见症状包括咳嗽、咳痰、低热、盗汗和体重下降。
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病程
结核病的病程症状分为活动期和非活动期，治疗及时可以减少并发症。
诊断治疗
诊断方法
结核病的诊断需要通过病史询问、体格检查、细菌培 养和影像学检查等综合手段来确认。
结核病总论英文PPT课件
tuberculotherapy
• Anti-tuberculosis drugs
• Whole germicide：in acid and alkali，exterior and interior of cell can kill germ。(INH RFP)
• Half germicide：in acid or alkali environment kill cell interior or exterior TB，SM /PZA
• erythema nodosum、exanthematous conjunctivitis。
•8
diagnose
• 2 ：OT test
– agent：1/2000 or 1/10000 PPD – dose：0.1ML（OT 5U）（or 1U）。 – position：left forearm palmaris below 1/3 – Infuse intracutaneous form 6-10mm hillock。 – 48~72hr observation reaction。
• Rifater(INH,RFP PZA)
• old drug derivant：Rifapentine
• New chemicals：Dipasic，to delay resistant INH drug
• standard treatment：
• refer to asymptomatic primarily pulmonary tuberculosis
5：bronchofiberscopy check：to definite
Endotracheal membrane TB and tuberculosis of trachebronchial lymph nodes。
肺结核LOREM IPSUM DOLOR课件
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• （一）细胞介导免疫反应 • 经巨噬细胞加工处理的结核菌特异抗原递给T淋巴受体 致敏单克隆细胞系再次刺激释放多种淋巴因子→对结核 菌免疫力，宿主感染结核菌：1、免于发病或病变局限； 2、伴迟发反应致发病、扩散。
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• （二）迟发型变态反应
• 是宿主对细菌的超常反应，往往发生于结核菌入侵人体 4~8周后，引起细胞坏死和干酪化，一旦形成空洞则结 核菌大量繁殖并造成播散。 • （三）Koch现象和结核发病学 • 初感染和再感染呈不同反应的现象称Koch现象。
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• • • • • • •
（二）痰菌检查：阳性以（+）表示，阴性以（-）表示。 （三）化疗史：分为初治与复治。 （四）病变部位 （五）活动性及转归 1、进展期 2、好转期 3、稳定期
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• 二、鉴别诊断 • （一）肺癌 • （二）肺炎
• （三）肺脓肿 • （四）其它疾病
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• • • • •
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• 三、结核菌素实验 • 皮内注射法：将PPD 5IU（0.1ml）注入左前臂屈侧上 中三分之一交界处皮内，使局部形成皮丘。 • 四、纤维支气管镜检查 • 五、其他检查
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• 诊断和鉴别诊断 • 一、诊断要点：χ线检查是发现和诊 断肺结核的主要方法，痰结核菌检查 是诊断肺结核的主要依据，临床诊断 包括以下五部分： • （一）肺结核分型 • Ⅰ型，原发型肺结核 • Ⅱ型，血行播散型 • Ⅲ型，继发性肺结核 • Ⅳ型，结核性胸膜炎 • Ⅴ型，其它肺外结核
肺
结
核
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
概 念
• 肺结核是结核分枝菌入侵人体后在一定的条件下 引起的肺部慢性传染病。
• 流行病学
2
• 病因和发病机制 • 一、结核分枝杆菌：人型结核杆菌引起人类结核病多见。 • 二、感染途径：几乎完全通过呼吸道 分泌的带菌雾滴传播。 • 三、发病机制 • 结核菌进入人体肺泡后： • 1、被巨噬细胞杀灭； • 2、结核菌和巨噬细胞共生状态： • （1）细胞介导免疫反应， • （2）迟发型变态反应。
• （一）细胞介导免疫反应 • 经巨噬细胞加工处理的结核菌特异抗原递给T淋巴受体 致敏单克隆细胞系再次刺激释放多种淋巴因子→对结核 菌免疫力，宿主感染结核菌：1、免于发病或病变局限； 2、伴迟发反应致发病、扩散。
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• （二）迟发型变态反应
• 是宿主对细菌的超常反应，往往发生于结核菌入侵人体 4~8周后，引起细胞坏死和干酪化，一旦形成空洞则结 核菌大量繁殖并造成播散。 • （三）Koch现象和结核发病学 • 初感染和再感染呈不同反应的现象称Koch现象。
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• • • • • • •
（二）痰菌检查：阳性以（+）表示，阴性以（-）表示。 （三）化疗史：分为初治与复治。 （四）病变部位 （五）活动性及转归 1、进展期 2、好转期 3、稳定期
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• 二、鉴别诊断 • （一）肺癌 • （二）肺炎
• （三）肺脓肿 • （四）其它疾病
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• • • • •
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• 三、结核菌素实验 • 皮内注射法：将PPD 5IU（0.1ml）注入左前臂屈侧上 中三分之一交界处皮内，使局部形成皮丘。 • 四、纤维支气管镜检查 • 五、其他检查
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• 诊断和鉴别诊断 • 一、诊断要点：χ线检查是发现和诊 断肺结核的主要方法，痰结核菌检查 是诊断肺结核的主要依据，临床诊断 包括以下五部分： • （一）肺结核分型 • Ⅰ型，原发型肺结核 • Ⅱ型，血行播散型 • Ⅲ型，继发性肺结核 • Ⅳ型，结核性胸膜炎 • Ⅴ型，其它肺外结核
肺
结
核
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
概 念
• 肺结核是结核分枝菌入侵人体后在一定的条件下 引起的肺部慢性传染病。
• 流行病学
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• 病因和发病机制 • 一、结核分枝杆菌：人型结核杆菌引起人类结核病多见。 • 二、感染途径：几乎完全通过呼吸道 分泌的带菌雾滴传播。 • 三、发病机制 • 结核菌进入人体肺泡后： • 1、被巨噬细胞杀灭； • 2、结核菌和巨噬细胞共生状态： • （1）细胞介导免疫反应， • （2）迟发型变态反应。
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and further for sputum examination and tuberculosis.
4, the sick side of the chest pain, fever, shortness of breath and other
symptoms. Check the found pleurisy
high fever, cough, cough small amount of sputum
3 hemoptysis onset. Ranging
hemoptysis or sputum, blood, hemoptysis often cause the patient's attention for chest or chest radiography,
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1.Drug-resistant Tuberculosis:
Drug-resistant TB is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one first-line antiTB drug. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is resistant to more than one anti-TB drug and at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF).
If you have been coughing for even just had
a lot of phlegms for over two weeks, don't feel embarrassed go to the hospital
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Bacterium
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis), commonly known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that cause tuberculosis. Violations of body organs, but tuberculosis is the most common. Tuberculosis so far is still an important infectious disease. Estimated 1/3 of the world's population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to the WHO report, about 8 million new cases occur each year, at least 300 million people died of the disease. In China before the founding of mortality up to 200-300 / 100 000, the cause of death in a variety of diseases
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Pathogenesis
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The story of three men with the disease
1 chronic onset.Mainly fatigue, fever, weight loss and other symptoms 2with acute onset. Moderate fever or
Every effort should be made to begin appropriate treatment and to ensure completion of the entire course of treatment for latent TB infection.
3.TB Disease:
The continuation phase of treatment is given for either 4 or 7 months. The 4-month continuation phase should be used in the large majority of patients.
Health care
1.Administrative measures 2.Environmental controls e of respiratory protective equipment
The first and most important level of the hierarchy, administrative measures, impacts the largest number of people. It is intended primarily to reduce the risk of uninfected people who are exposed to people who have TB disease.
tent TB Infection:
The medications used to treat latent TB infection include:
isoniazid (INH)(异烟肼) rifampin (RIF)(利福平) rifapentain groups of people (such as people with weakened immune systems) are at very high risk of developing TB disease once infected with TB bacteria.
肺结核英文课件
2 What is the world champion’s secret weapon for
killing all his enemies
3 What can we do to defend him?
5
Can you remember some other information?
4, the sick side of the chest pain, fever, shortness of breath and other
symptoms. Check the found pleurisy
high fever, cough, cough small amount of sputum
3 hemoptysis onset. Ranging
hemoptysis or sputum, blood, hemoptysis often cause the patient's attention for chest or chest radiography,
back
back
1.Drug-resistant Tuberculosis:
Drug-resistant TB is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one first-line antiTB drug. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is resistant to more than one anti-TB drug and at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF).
If you have been coughing for even just had
a lot of phlegms for over two weeks, don't feel embarrassed go to the hospital
back
Bacterium
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis), commonly known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that cause tuberculosis. Violations of body organs, but tuberculosis is the most common. Tuberculosis so far is still an important infectious disease. Estimated 1/3 of the world's population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to the WHO report, about 8 million new cases occur each year, at least 300 million people died of the disease. In China before the founding of mortality up to 200-300 / 100 000, the cause of death in a variety of diseases
back
Pathogenesis
back
The story of three men with the disease
1 chronic onset.Mainly fatigue, fever, weight loss and other symptoms 2with acute onset. Moderate fever or
Every effort should be made to begin appropriate treatment and to ensure completion of the entire course of treatment for latent TB infection.
3.TB Disease:
The continuation phase of treatment is given for either 4 or 7 months. The 4-month continuation phase should be used in the large majority of patients.
Health care
1.Administrative measures 2.Environmental controls e of respiratory protective equipment
The first and most important level of the hierarchy, administrative measures, impacts the largest number of people. It is intended primarily to reduce the risk of uninfected people who are exposed to people who have TB disease.
tent TB Infection:
The medications used to treat latent TB infection include:
isoniazid (INH)(异烟肼) rifampin (RIF)(利福平) rifapentain groups of people (such as people with weakened immune systems) are at very high risk of developing TB disease once infected with TB bacteria.
肺结核英文课件
2 What is the world champion’s secret weapon for
killing all his enemies
3 What can we do to defend him?
5
Can you remember some other information?