《翻译英译汉》word版
中英互译翻

以下是我可以提供的中英互译翻800字:中文翻译:1. 中国的语言文化博大精深,我想尽可能多地了解它。
The Chinese language and culture are vast and profound, and I want to learn as much as possible about it.2. 我喜欢读书,因为读书能让我接触到更多的知识,拓宽我的视野。
I enjoy reading because it allows me to access more knowledge and broaden my horizons.3. 成功的人生需要坚持不懈的努力和追求,只有通过不断的努力才能获得真正的成功。
A successful life requires坚持不懈的努力和追求, and only through continuous effort can one achieve true success.4. 环保是我们每个人都应该关注的问题,我们应该采取行动来保护我们的地球。
Environmental protection is a problem that everyone should concern themselves with, and we should take action to protect our planet.5. 面对困难和挑战时,我们应该保持冷静和理智,寻找解决问题的方法。
When facing difficulties and challenges, we should remain calm and rational, and find solutions to the problems.6. 科技的发展对我们的生活产生了深远的影响,它使我们的生活变得更加便捷和高效。
The development of technology has had a profound impact on our lives, making them more convenient and efficient.7. 友谊是人生中最重要的财富之一,我们应该珍惜和维护我们的人际关系。
英译汉英汉互译

英译汉与汉译英互译互译是语言学习和翻译实践中常见的一种练习方式,有助于提升语言的理解和应用能力。
下面将进行英译汉和汉译英的互译练习,以提供更多语境和实际应用的体验。
**1. 英译汉:***Original Sentence:*"In the rapidly changing world, adaptability has become a key factor for personal and professional success. Those who can embrace change and learn continuously are more likely to thrive in today's dynamic environment."*Translation:*在飞速变化的世界中,适应性已经成为个人和职业成功的关键因素。
那些能够拥抱变化并持续学习的人更有可能在当今的动态环境中茁壮成长。
**2. 汉译英:***原文:*"在现代社会,科技的飞速发展对我们的生活产生了深远的影响。
人们可以通过互联网获取大量的信息,但同时也面临着信息过载的问题。
在这个信息爆炸的时代,培养批判性思维变得尤为重要。
"*Translation:*"In modern society, the rapid development of technology has had a profound impact on our lives. People can access a vast amount of information through the internet, but at the same time, they are confronted with the problem of information overload. In this era of information explosion, cultivating critical thinking becomes particularly important."**3. 英译汉:***Original Sentence:*"The concept of sustainable development emphasizes meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing economic growth, social progress, and environmental protection for a harmonious and lasting development."*Translation:*可持续发展的理念强调在满足当前需求的同时,不损害未来世代满足其需求的能力。
【北京版英语课文翻译】三年级下册课文文本及英译汉翻译word电子版(一年级起点)

北京版英语三年级下册课文原文及翻译(一年级起点)Unit 1 Lesson 1 Listen and say英语课文翻译Can you play ping-pong with me?你能和我一起打乒乓球吗?I' m sorry I can' t.对不起,我不能。
Why not?为什么不呢?I' m making a gift for my mum.Tomorrow is Women' s Day.我正在为我妈妈做礼物。
明天是妇女节。
Oh, yes.Tomorrow is March 8th.I want to make a gift for my mum, too.哦,是的。
明天是3月8日。
我也想为我妈妈做礼物。
Let' s do it together.让我们一起做礼物吧。
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Listen and say英语课文翻译What are you going to do this afternoon, Lingling?今天下午你们打算做什么,玲玲?We are going to plant trees.March 12th is our Tree--planting Day.我们打算植树。
3月12日是我们的植树节。
Planting is fun.Please join us.栽种很有趣。
请加入我们。
Do you have Tree--planting Day?你们有植树节吗?Yes.In the U.S., it is in April.有。
在美国,它在四月Unit 1 Lesson 3 Listen and say英语课文翻译Spring is here. I like spring.春天到了。
我喜欢春天。
People plant many things in spring.人们在春天栽种许多东西。
Yes.Spring is my favourite season.是的。
英汉词语互译

电子产品
64
栩栩如生的
65
历史故事
66
因此
67
博士学位
68
非典时期
69
毕业
70
真诚对话心连心
71
海湾鸿沟分歧深渊
72
情绪的激动人心的易动感情的
73
活在生活的表层
3
Bookable
4
available
5
lighthouse
6
houseboat
7
string
8
Spain
9
Amusement park
10
Ferris wheel
11
Jewelry/jewelries
12
goods
13
current event
14
strictly
15
unless
16
forbidden(forbid的过去分词)
到……岁时在某个年龄之前
18
international
国际的
19
psychology
心理学心理特点
20
publish
出版发行
21
literature
文学文学作品
22
political
政治上的政府的党派的
23
humour
幽默幽默感
24
regard
认为把……看作
25
Regular feature
常规特征
Ferris wheel
摩天轮
11
Jewelry/jewelries
珠宝
12
goods
商品(复数)
13
(完整word版)英语翻译

Asians and North Americans really do see the world differently。
Shown a photograph, North American students of European background paid more attention to the object in the foreground of a scene,while students from China spent more time studying the background and taking in the whole scene, according to University of Michigan researchers。
The researchers, led by Hannah—Faye Chua and Richard Nisbett,tracked the eye movements of the students - 25 European Americans and 27 native Chinese - to determine where they were looking in a picture and how long they focused on a particular area。
``They literally are seeing the world differently,’’said Nisbett, who believes the differences are cultural.``Asians live in a more socially complicated world than we do,’' he said in a telephone interview. ``They have to pay more attention to others than we do. We are individualists。
(完整word版)高一必修一单词汉译英.docx

必修 1Unit 1n.;合adj.心意乱的;不安的;不适的vt. 使不安;使心vt. 不理睬;忽vt. & vi.(使)平静;(使)定adj.平静的;静的;沉着的(使)平静下来;(使)定下来不得不;必vt. (使)担;涉及;关系到n. 担心;关注;(利害)关系关心;挂念遛狗adj.松的;松开的n.医;受n.阿姆斯特丹(荷首都)n.荷(西欧国家)犹太人的;犹太族的adj.德国的;德国人的;德n .德国人;德n. 粹党人adj.粹党的下;放下;登n.;系列一串的;一系列;一套n.基蒂(女名)adv. 在外;在野外vt. (spellbound, spellbound)迷住;迷惑故意了⋯⋯n.黄昏;傍晚在黄昏刻vi.打雷;雷 n .雷;雷声adj.整个的;完全的;全部的adv. 完全地;全然地;整个地n.能力;力量;力面面地n.窗帘;帘;幕布adj.灰的不再⋯⋯n.伙伴;合作者;合伙人vi.安家;定居;停留 vt. 使定居;安排;解决vt. & vi.遭受;忍受;遭受;患病n.孤;寂寞n.公路;大路vi.& vt. 痊愈;恢复;重新得⋯⋯vi. & vt.捆扎;包装;打行李n. 小包;包裹将(西)装箱打包n.手提箱;衣箱n.戈(女名)n.大衣;外套n.十几的青少年与⋯⋯相;展vi.& n. ;相;上adv. 确如此;正是;确切地vi.不同意adj.感激的;表示意的n. & vt.不喜;参加;加入n. 提示;技巧;尖;尖端;小vt.斜;翻倒adv.第二;其次vt. 交n.目;条款Unit 2n. 地下人行道;< 美 > 地n.梯;升降机n. < 英 > 汽油( =< 美 >gasoline)n.汽油;气体;煤气;毒气adj.官方的;正式的;公的n.航行;航海vt. 征服;占因;由于adj.本国的;本地的n. 本地人;本国人n.艾米(女名)走近;上来;提出n. < 美 > 公寓住宅;元住宅adv.上;事上公元vt. 以⋯⋯根据 n. 基部;基地;基在;目前adj.逐的;逐步的adv.逐地;逐步地n. 丹麦 adj.丹麦的;丹麦人的;丹麦的vt. 使富裕;充;改善n.;量;表莎士比(英国作家,人)利用;使用n.拼写;拼法塞 ? 翰(英国作家,批家)厄 ? 伯斯特(美国典纂家)adj.后的;后半的;(两者中)后者的n.本身;本体;身份adj.流利的;流的adv.流利地;流地n.新加坡(南国家)n.来西(南国家);来群例如⋯⋯ ;像种的adj.繁的;常的adv.常常;繁地n.使用;用法;用法n.& vt.命令;指令;掌握n. & vt.求;要求n.方言n.;表示;表达adj.中西部的有中西部特性的adj.非洲的;非洲人的;非洲言的adj.西班牙的;西班牙人的; 西班牙的n.西班牙人;西班牙扮演一个角色;参与adj.方的;部的adj.南方的;来自南的adj.西北方的;来自西北的vt. 辨出;承;公n. < 英 > 卡( =< 美 >truck)n.(女名)n.休斯(美国城市)n.德克斯州(美国州名)n.口音;腔;重音n.布福德(姓氏;男名)n.莱斯特(姓;男名)n.n.adv.直接;挺直adj.直的;笔直的;正直的n.街区;;木;石n.出租Unit 3n.日;志;定期刊物n. 运送;运vt. 运;运送vt. 更喜 ; 某事物 ( 而不其他事物)n.不利条件;不便之n.用n.路;路途n.湄公河vi.流;流出 n. 流;流量从那以后vt. 服;vi.自行vi.n. 大学生adv.最后;于n. 表;度表 vt. 某事安排 adj. 喜的;慈的;的喜;喜n.缺点adj.固的;固的vt. ;成立关心;;念n.;情n.来源;水源vt. 决定;确定;下定决心adj.决的;有决心的改主意n.旅行;旅程n.海拔高度;高下决心;决定投降;屈服;步n.地;地集n.冰河;冰川adj.西藏的;藏族的;藏族人的n.西藏;西藏人 ; 藏族人n.急流n.(山)谷;流域n.瀑布vi.慢而行 ; 踱步 n. 一步 ; 速度 ;步n. 弯 ; 拐角 vt. (bent, bent)使弯曲vi.弯身 ; 弯腰n.(指河流等)蜿蜒慢流n.三角洲n.度;看法n.珠穆朗峰vi.(指液体)沸;(水)开n. & vt.;n.小包;包裹n.保n.羊毛;毛品照常adj.可信的;可靠的n. 景;野;点;解vt. 看;注;考n.牛n.枕;枕n.午夜;子夜在午夜n.火焰;光芒;情prep.在⋯⋯ 下面n.老(南国家)n. 老人 adj.老(人)的n.宇;寺n.洞穴;地窖Unit 4n.地震n.地震立刻;上n.井n. 裂;声vt. & vi.(使)开裂;破裂adj.臭的;有臭味的n.;家n.管;管vi.(burst, burst) 爆裂;爆 n. 突然破裂;爆n.百万n.事件;大事仿佛;好像束;n.民族;国家;国民n.运河;水道n.蒸汽;水汽n.垢;泥土n. 墟;vt. ;使破重受;破不堪n.苦;痛苦adj.极度的vt. 害;害n. 幸存者;生还者;残存物adj.慷慨的;大方的vt.破坏;毁坏;消灭adj.随和的;和宽容的n. 砖;砖块n. 自我;自身n. 水坝;堰堤adj.自私的n. 轨道;足迹;痕迹adj.无私的;忘我的adj.无用的;无效的;无益的adv. 无私地;忘我地vt. & vi.(使)震惊 ; 动 n. 休克 ; 击 ; 惊vt.(与 to 连用)献身;专心于n. & vt.援救;营救adj.忠实的;深爱的vt.使陷入困境 n. 陷阱;困境威廉 ? 廷代尔(英国早期新教改革者)n. 电;电流;电学n. 《圣经》n. 灾难;灾祸诺曼 ? 白求恩(加拿大胸外科医师)掘出;发现n. 侵略者vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏vt.建立;建设n. 矿;矿山;矿井n. 共和国;共和政体n. 矿工n. 法则;原则;原理n. 掩蔽;掩蔽处;避身处n. 民族主义;国家主义许多;大量的△livelihood n.生计;谋生n. 标题;头衔;资格莫罕达斯 ? 甘地(印度国民大会党领袖)n.记者adj.和平的;平静的;安宁的n. 条;棒;条状物adj.巨大的;庞大的n. & vt.损失;损害n. 飞跃;跳跃vt.使惊吓;吓唬n. 人类adj.受惊的;受恐吓的n. 伊莱亚斯(男名)adj.令人恐惧的n. 律师n. 祝贺;(复数)贺词n. 指导;领导n. 裁判员;法官 vt. 断定;判断;判决adj.法律的;依照法律的adv. 真诚地;真挚地n. 费(会费、学费等);酬金vt. 表示;表达n. 快车;速递n.要点;大纲;轮廓e n. 报刊的大字标题n.骑自行车的人Unit 5纳尔逊 ? 曼德拉(前南非共和国总统)n.质量;品质;性质adj.热心肠的adj.吝啬的;自私的;卑鄙的adj.积极的;活跃的n.南非共和国有色人种的身份证n.约翰内斯堡(南非城市)失业adj.怀有希望的;有希望的非国大;非洲人国民大会;非洲民族会议(African National Congress)n.青年;青年时期同盟;联盟;联合会青年团n.舞台;阶段;时期vt. & vi.投票;举n.投票;票;决vt. 攻;攻;抨n.暴力;暴行事上使充气;爆炸adj.相等的;平等的在危、受、痛苦、等的境中adj.意的;自愿的adj.不公正的;不公平的求助于;致力于n.引用;vt. 放;行失勇气或信心本vi.逃脱;逃走;泄露n.毛毯;毯子vt. 教育;adj.受教育的;有教养的当;上台vi.求;乞求n.戚;属n.恐怖;可怕的人;恐怖期;恐怖活n.残忍;残酷n.酬;金vt. 酬;n.特斯(南非南部一地区)立 ; 建立vt. 判决;宣判被判⋯⋯ (徒刑)-[ 前 ] 反;抗;阻adj.反黑人的开普敦(南非立法首都)n.;会;校;行和平n.意;看法;主。
爱尔兰戏剧《翻译》英译汉翻译报告

摘要本文是一篇关于关于将爱尔兰戏剧《翻译》汉译成适合广大中国读者阅读的中文译本的翻译实践报告。
在当前英国脱欧的历史背景下,爱尔兰和北爱尔兰的边境问题成为当下国际社会密切关注的一个时事热点。
而爱尔兰戏剧《翻译》讲述了19世纪80年代一批英国皇家工程兵受英国政府派遣,在多尼戈尔郡的一个爱尔兰语社区进行地貌测绘,并将爱尔兰语地名全部翻译为英语地名的殖民史实。
通过阅读《翻译》,读者可以了解到爱尔兰19世纪的这段被大英帝国殖民统治的历史,有助于理解当前英国脱欧背景下爱尔兰热点问题的历史缘由。
在翻译剧本《翻译》之前,译者做了译前准备工作,针对剧本中的理解难点进行了分析,通过查询有关文献,发现剧本中影响译者和读者理解的很多词汇都属于文化专有项的范畴。
译者根据艾克西拉和诺德关于文化专有项的定义以及纽马克关于文化专有项的分类方法对戏剧《翻译》里出现的文化专有项进行了归类,将戏剧中出现的文化专有项分为三大类别,即地理生态,物质文化和组织机构。
然后根据戴维斯提出的七种翻译策略,以举例分析的方式阐述了译者如何利用这七种策略进行翻译实践。
接着通过举例分析了戏剧《翻译》中三大类别的文化专有项的翻译思路及其对应翻译策略。
综上所述,本文从文化专有项的翻译策略和思路来分析了爱尔兰戏剧《翻译》的翻译过程,为后面的译者在戏剧翻译方面提供了一种参考方法。
关键词:《翻译》;爱尔兰戏剧;布莱恩·弗里尔;文化专有项;AbstractThis is a translation report on the English-Chinese translation of the Irish drama Translations, which analyzes how the translator translated this drama into a target text in simplified Chinese that is readable for ordinary Chinese readers. In the context of Brexit, the Ireland border issue is currently an international hot topic that has attracted attention across the globe. The Irish drama Translations tells about h er Majestey‘s Government sending a group of royal engineers to County Donegal in Ireland to carry out the ordnance survey of this area and change all the geographic names of this county into anglicized and standardized versions in the 1880s. (Qi Yaping 2010:119) By reading Translations, readers can gain an overview on Britain‘s colonization of Ireland i n this period, which helps them understand the historical causes of the Ireland border issues.Before starting the translation task, the author made many pre-translation preparations. By studying the source text, the author found most of the unreadable terms belong to Culture-specific Items. Based on the definition of Culture-specific Items by Aixelá and Nord, as well as the classification method by Newmark, the author classified the Culture-specific Items in Translations into three main categories, ecology, material culture and organizations. By studying the seven translation methods proposed by Davies, the author analyzed each translation strategy through case studies. Then the author analyzed the translation of the three categories of Culture-specific Items in drama Translations and relevant translation strategies employed. Above all, the author of this report explored the translation of Irish drama Translations from the perspective of Culture-specific Items, which could provide later translators a reference on drama translation.Keywords:Translations; Ireland Drama; Brian Friel; Culture-specific Items;CONTENTSCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION (1)1.1 Brief Introduction to the Translation Task (1)1.2 Target Readers and Requirements of the Client (2)1.2.1 The Target Readers (2)1.2.2 Requirements Proposed by the Client (2)1.3 Purpose and Significance of the Translation Task (3)CHAPTER TWO PRE-TRANSLATION (4)2.1 Convert Format of the Source Text (4)2.2 Analysis of the Source Text (7)2.2.1 Historical Background of the Drama Translations (7)2.2.2 Plot and Characters of the Drama Translations (7)2.2.3 Lexical Features of the Source Text (9)2.2.4 Syntactical Features of the Source Text (10)2.3 Culture-specific Items and Their Translation Strategies (11)2.3.1 Definition of the Culture-specific Items (12)2.3.2 Division of Culture-specific Items (13)2.3.3 Translation Strategies and Methods (14)CHAPTER THREE THE TRANSLATION PROCESS (22)3.1 Translation of the Culture-specific Items on Ecology (22)3.2 Translation of the Culture-specific Items on Material Culture (23)3.3 Translation of the Culture-specific Items on Organizations Terms (25)3.3.1 Translation of Religious terms (25)3.3.2 Translation of Administrative Terms (26)3.4 Summary (27)CAPTER FOUR POST-TRANSLATION (28)CONCLUSION (29)BIBLIOGRAPHY (30)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (33)Appendix (34)CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION1.1 Brief Introduction to the Translation TaskSince the late 19th century, Irish drama has played an important role in modern theatre literature in the transmission of ideas and ideology. In the 1960s, the famous Irish playwright Brian Friel emerged with his well-known Field Day Theatre Company. Both audience and critics rapidly acknowledged his dramas. Among his acclaimed dramas, Translations is a typical drama that focuses on language and communication, with its theme concerning the relationship between language, identity, politics, history and religion. (Castro, 2013) In order to introduce this drama to Chinese readers, Professor Li Chenjian entrusted the translation task of Translations to author of the report in 2016. Translating this drama from English to Chinese is an attempt to bring Chinese readers a new vision of Irish society in the 19th century. It is also the first time this drama has been translated into Chinese.To complete this translation project, the author of this report needs to complete the following tasks:1) convert the source text from pictures of JPG format into a whole WORD document;2) edit the converted source text to prepare it for translating;3) explore the historical background and playwright‘s creat ion ideas of this drama;4) pre-read the whole text to get an overview of the language features as well as difficult sentences;5) upload the prepared source text to the online translation software Jeemaa and completing the translation process;6) review and revise the translated target text in the online database;7) export the first draft of the translation;8) add footnotes to some difficult words and sentences;9) discuss with Professor Li about the words and sentences that need to be revised;10) revise the target text according to the discussion and read through the revised text to finalize the translation.1.2 Target Readers and Requirements of the ClientBefore starting this translation task, the report author carefully studied the requirements of Professor Li as well as the target readers and previewed the source text of the translation task in order to select proper translation strategies and translation methods accordingly.1.2.1 The Target ReadersAccording to Professor Li, the target readers are general Chinese readers who are interested in theatre literature but tend to, or can only, read Chinese books. As there is no plan to stage this drama in China so far, the performability of the target text is not considered here. That is, the actors or performers of this drama are not included in the target readers. This decides the purpose of the translation task, which is to provide the ordinary Chinese readers an Ireland drama in Chinese for reading. Therefore, this translation purpose helps to select proper translation methods accordingly.Based on our current education syllabus, ordinary readers who have completed their high school education could have the ability to appreciate a drama, either on stage or on the page. However, not everyone who completed high school education is familiar with Irish History or Culture. To provide readers an accessible translation, footnotes should be added to some Culture-specific Items in the target text.1.2.2 Requirements Proposed by the ClientTo achieve a better translation of this drama, Professor Li has proposed some requirements for the target text. The requirements are as follows:1)The source text should be the authoritative version of Translations as given in theformat of JPG.2)The layout of the target text should be consistent with that of the source text.3)The language of the target texts shall be plain and simple Chinese.4)The target text should be suitable for reading rather than staging.5)Footnotes should be added to some Culture-loaded words or sentences.6)The finalized version of this translation task should be ready for printing.1.3 Purpose and Significance of the Translation TaskAccording to the demands of the target readers and the translation requirements by Professor Li, the purpose of this task is to provide the Chinese readers a Chinese version of the Ireland drama Translations.By reading Translations, the Chinese readers can gain an overview of Irish society in the 19th century. As the target text language is plain and smooth simple Chinese, general readers can read it as either a literary story or a historical legend. In the context of Brexit, reading this drama can also provide readers a historical view for the current Ireland border issues.On the other hand, the target text of this drama can also provide other translators with a reference for drama translation. During the translation process, the translator has made great efforts to translate the Culture-specific items in the source text. Davies‘ translation strategies are employed to make the translation more accurate and readable. This kind of target reader-oriented translation is also a good example for similar drama translation in the future.Besides, the author also learnt a lot on the translation strategies of drama translation during the translation process of this drama, as well as the connection between translation and culture studies, which is worth a further study.CHAPTER TWO PRE-TRANSLATIONAs mentioned before, this is the first time this drama has been translated into Chinese. Neither print nor electronic versions of this drama can be obtained in China. The source text provided by the client are pictures of the original drama in JPEG format. To start this translation task, several steps are required, including transforming the source text of Translations into an editable WORD document from these JPG format pictures, analyze the source text and select proper translation strategies and methods.2.1 Convert Format of the Source TextThe original source text is a file of pictures of the Translations in the JPG format. Just as shown in Fig. 2.1 a), it is non-editable. Therefore, the pictures should be converted into an editable WORD document first. A software named ABBYY was applied here.Fig. 2.1 a) one picture of the Translations in the JPG format After converting, the words in the pictures were kept in a WORD document. Then the WORD document was exported from the ABBYY. But the layout of the exported text was not the same as the original copy. There were mistakes in spelling, extra punctuation marks andsentences with missing words, as is shown in Fig. 2.1 b).Fig. 2.1 b) exported text in the WORD documentThe next step is to edit the exported text, correct spelling mistakes and add missing words according to the original pictures of the drama text. After that, the format of the revised text should also be reset to make it consistent with that of the source text. Then the text is ready for translation. As is shown in Fig.2.1 c), the layout of source text is now the same as it is in the original book.Fig. 2.1 c) reset source text that is ready for translation During the pre-processing of the source text, all the editing and typing should be carefully carried out according to the JPG format pictures. When it is completed, the first copy of this processed source text should also be checked sentence by sentence according to the original copy for several times to ensure it is accurate. After several proof readings untilalmost no mistake can be tracked, the source text is ready for translation. The next step is analyzing the source text.2.2 Analysis of the Source TextAs one of Brian Friel‘s representative dramatic works, Translations tells a story that happened in Baile Beag in County Donegal in Ireland in August 1833, which is based on actual historical events. To prepare for the translation task, an analysis of this drama is conducted on its historical background, plot and characters as well as its language features.2.2.1 Historical Background of the Drama TranslationsIn 1824, the British Parliament produced the first Ordnance Survey map of Ireland, which was intended to map and replace every Gaelic name by a translated English equivalent, or a comparable-sounding one in English. At the same time, the educational system in Ireland began a significant transformation. Gradually, all local Irish-speaking schools (the hedge schools) were replaced with national schools where English became the only language of instruction. Through this reform, the British clearly aimed to anglicize, or possibly even ―civilize‖ the Irish population. They also had more practical purposes, of course: taxation, penetration, and ultimately, domination (Reinares & Barberan, 2007:9)2.2.2 Plot and Characters of the Drama TranslationsBefore introducing the plot, profiles of the main characters are listed as follows according to their introduction in the drama. The introduction of the characters helps the reader to gain a quicker and better understanding of the drama plot. Therefore, this part should also be added to the target text as a reference.2.2.2.1 Introductions of the Main CharactersName IntroductionHugh The headmaster of a small hedge school housed in an old barn. He frequently drinks a large amount, but he is by no means drunk. (Brian Friel, 1996: 397) He isa consummate Irish storyteller and educator. He appears egocentric, but isabsolutely charming and astute.Manus Hugh‘s older son, Manus serves as his father‘s unpaid assistant at the hedge school, though he frequently takes the class because of his father‘s drinkinghabits. He is searching for a headmaster position of his own.Owen Hugh‘s younger son. He is now working in the English Army, as a part-time, underpaid, civilian interpreter. His job is to ―translate the quaint, archaic tongueyou people persist in speaking into the King‘s good English‖. (Brian Friel, 1996:404)Maire Manus‘s fiancée, a strong-minded and adventurous woman. (Brian Friel, 1996: 387) She wants to learn English. She is also heroine of the love triangle Manusand is involved in a romantic relationship with Manus and the Lieutenant.Lieutenant Yolland A British soldier working with Owen on the renaming of the Donegal countryside for the Ordnance Survey. Though he does not speak Gaelic, he is fascinated with the Irish countryside and fantasizes about settling down in Baile Beag. His disappearance at the end of this drama brings the drama to a climax.Captain Lancey Lieutenant Yolland‘s commanding officer. Lancey is the British captain leading the local Ordnance Survey efforts.Sarah A student in the hedge school, she has such a serious speech defect that she is considered dumb. (Brian Friel, 1996: 383) Only Manus sees her potential andteaches her slowly, painstakingly, to speak. She lives with an intensity borne ofthe need and inability to communicate.Jimmy Jack Known as the ―Infant Prodigy,‖ Jimmy Jack is a perpetual bachelor in his sixties.He lives in one set of clothes and rarely washes. Eccentric and benignly mad, heis fluent in Greek and Latin. He lives alone and comes to evening classes at thehedge school partly for the company, and partly for the intellectual stimulation.(Brian Friel, 1996: 383)Doalty An open-minded, open-hearted, generous and slightly thick young man. (Brian Friel, 1996: 389-390)Bridget A fresh young girl, ready to laugh, vain, and with a country woman‘s instinctive cunning. (Brian Friel, 1996: 390)Table 2.2.1 Main characters2.2.2.2 Plot of the TranslationsThe drama Translations was set in a hedge-school in the small town of Baile Beag, an Irish speaking community in County Donegal in the summer of 1833. Hugh O'Donnell was the headmaster of a hedge school, a kind of rural school in Ireland that provides basiceducation to farm families. Manus, Hugh's older son, helped his father to teach in the hedge-school. Hugh insisted on teaching in Irish, even though he knew that their language Gaelic would inevitably be replaced by English. Owen was Hugh‘s younger son, who came back to the town with the Royal Engineers, Captain Lancey and Lieutenant Yolland, who were sent to Baile Beag by the government to remap the Irish countryside and change place names into anglicized and standardized versions. One of the engineers, Lieutenant Yolland was then captivated by Irish culture and believes the work they were doing was an act of destruction. Besides this, a love triangle developed among Manus, Yolland and Maire, a strong-minded and adventurous woman in the village. Yolland disappeared mysteriously, and Manus left town, broken-hearted. Owen realized he must remain true to his roots and decided to join the Irish resistance. The drama ended ambiguously, with no solution to the stories, which keeps readers and audience in suspense.The plot of Translations revolves around two main events. First, the arrival of a platoon of Royal Engineers, Lancey and Yolland in Baile Beag. Second, the imminent abolition of the local hedge school, which was run by the schoolmaster Hugh; and its substitution with the new state-run national school and, consequently, the substitution of Irish for English as the teaching language of the Irish speaking community. (Randaccio 2013:115)2.2.3 Lexical Features of the Source TextAs analyzed by the translator before starting the translation task, the most unique lexical feature of the drama Translations is it contains many Gaelic words which are not easy to understand even for English-speakers, such as, poteen (爱尔兰玻丁酒), aqua vitae (―生命之水‖蒸馏酒) and aul fella (老朋友). Besides, there are also many Greek and Latin words and sentences in the drama. As their relevant English translation has been given in the Appendix of the source text, these languages are not going to be discussed here.Besides, there are also many slangs that use some simple words but difficult to understand, such as the preposit ion ‗off‘ from the following sentences.MAIRE:Honest to God, I must be going off my head. I‘m half-way here and I think to myself, ‗Isn‘t this can very light?‘ and I look into it and isn‘t it empty.(梅尔:天哪,我一定是疯了。
英汉翻译完整版

英汉翻译完整版第二章1、Every dog has its day.2、When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war.3、Spring, the sweet spring, is the year?s pleasant king.4、Li Ming is now with his parents in Quanzhou City; it is always three years since he was a bandmaster.5、It is good for him to do that.6、He didn?t marry her because she was rich.7、John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.8、The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth.9、My dear girls, I am ambitious for you, but not to have you make a dash in the world--marry rich men merely because they are rich, or have splendid houses, which are not homes because love is wanting.10、T o appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium.第三章1、He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago.2、It' s a Smoke Free Area.3、Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.4、Every body wouldn…t like it.5、one can not be too careful in the work of translation.6、The girl is a dead shot.7、He met his Waterloo.8、You're talking through your hat again.9、You should keep your nose out of here.10、He is the last man to do this.11、Every life has its roses and thorns.13、to kill two birds with one stone14、All roads lead to Rome.Love me, love my dog.Diamond cuts diamond.One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy.一Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson.16、Beauty lies in lover?s eyes.17、Many heads are better than one.18、Never offer to teach fish to swim.19、You?re rather rein in hell than serve in heaven, I suppose.20、I love my love with an E, because she?s enticing; I hate her with an E, because she?s engaged;I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name?s Emily, and she lives in the east.(Charles Dickens: David Copperfield)第四章2、He is a fast talker.3、These rustic lassies are good singers.4、His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.5、Ford?s first pledge was, “Mr. President, you have my support and my loyal ty.”6、In the exchange of cultures throughout the world, the study of foreign languages is a must.7、Investigation assured us of the soundness of the plan.8、I have full assurance of the reliability of the information.9、Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.10、I had impression that your brother was the director of the company.11、She escorted the foreign guests round the sights of Quanzhou.12、In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature.13、She skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.14、She is familiar with English.15、I would be so grateful if you could do it.16、We seek a better understanding through multiplication of our economic, cultural, scientific, technical, and human ties.17、The Wilde family were religious.。
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翻译——英译汉
英译汉部分要求翻译单句, 而不是段落或篇章。
考生首先要读懂句子,了解句子的语法结构、使用的固定词组、习惯用法及词与词之间的语义关系, 然后, 再正确分析原文的语言现象和逻辑关系,进行透彻的理解, 最后, 力图用简洁明了的汉语表达出原文的意思。
因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻译技巧。
一、翻译技巧一
一般的英译汉考题不会只是简单句。
我们在做题时, 首先要从语法入手, 找寻和确定句子大的框架结构, 通过分析把句中的从句和插入部分先排除掉, 明确句子结构有助于我们正确理解整句话的意思。
(一)重点分析句子结构
其实, 就英语的句子结构而言, 是有规律可循的。
除去省略句、倒装句、感叹句和
一些特殊句子外, 英语句子的结构可归纳为三类:
1. to be句型: 主语 + be + 表语
Miss Jones is a manager. 琼斯小姐是位经理。
2. to do句型: 主语 + do + (宾语) + (状语)
He teaches English in this school. 他在这所学校教英语。
3. there be句型: There be + 主语 + 状语
There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills. 山中有美丽的野花。
(二)确定语法现象和惯用结构
英译汉考题中常见的重点语法有: 时态、语态、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、
同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。
考生要非常熟悉这些语法现象, 才不至于对句子产生误解。
例如:
•Anyone who is interested in it can go with us.
对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。
(who引导定语从句修饰主语anyone) •The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important.
昨天会上讨论过的那个问题非常重要。
(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语the
problem)
•You could have done better if you had been more careful.
要是细心一点的话,你就会做得更好。
(if 引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句) •Hardly had I said that when she entered the room.
我刚说完,她就进来了。
(倒装句, 否定词hardly位于句首, 助动词had 放在主语I之前 )
•It was not until last night that I noticed this matter.
直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。
(强调句: It was not until+强调成分+that句子其
余成分)
•The books were either works on travel or detective novels.
这些书要么是关于旅行的, 要么就是侦探小说。
(连接词either… or…连接两个表语)
(三)熟悉固定搭配词组和习惯用法
英译汉考题中还常常会设计一个关键的考点–固定搭配的词组和习惯表达法,
旨在考查考生对词汇的掌握和运用情况。
考生在理解这些习惯用语时会感到很困难, 这是因为单从组成某个习惯用语的词的字面意思上来理解其含义, 往往会出偏差, 必将影响到对整个句子的理解。
例如:
•They came up with a cure for the disease at last.
他们最终发现了治疗这种疾病的方法 (短语动词,意为“提出;发现”) •The news got around by word of mouth.
这一消息通过人们的口传播开来。
(介词短语,意为“口头流传”) •It’ll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather.
从长远的观点来看, 用真皮更便宜。
(介词短语,意为“从长远的观点来看”) •I’ll tell them the truth, regardless of what they want to hear.
不管他们愿不愿意听, 我要告诉他们真相。
(形容词短语,意为“不管...”) •Punishment had very little effect on him.
惩罚对他没有什么效果。
(名词短语,意为“对…起作用”)
(四) 熟练掌握过渡连接词
过渡连接词是使上下文的连接自然、紧凑的有效方法,使文章整体具有结构上的粘着性和意义上的连贯性。
因此,熟练掌握过渡连接词能充分把握住原文的意图和出题思路。
过渡连接词按语义划分为以下最常见的几种类型
表示增补: and , also , b esides , what’s more , in addition , furthermore …
表示因果: for this reason, because of, since, as a result, thus, therefore, so, hence …
表示转折: however, still, but, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, though, in fact …表示列举: firstly, secondly, for one thing…for another, to begin with, then, last …表示解释: for example, for instance, that is, namely …
表示总结: in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly, on the whole …
例如:
•The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago.
这铁路联接两个城市, 即纽约和芝加哥。
(表示解释)
•She was very tired, nevertheless, she kept on working.
她虽然很疲倦, 然而她却继续工作。
(表示转折)
•He said that he could not find it and, furthermore, that nobody would ever find it.
他说他找不到它, 而且也没有人会找到它。
(表示增补)
•He was ill, and therefore could not come. (表示结果)
他病了, 所以未能来。
二、翻译技巧二
每一种语言,在词意的运用,语句的铺排、句子的结构方面,都有其独特的方式,而每一词每一字所承载的文化信息亦各不相同。
因此, 英译汉的表达方式总体上可以分成两大类:
(一)直译法:
一般来说, 在语言条件许可的情况下, 应该尽可能地用直译, 使译文既能保持原文的内容, 又能保持原文的形式和风格。
例如:
o All roads lead to Roma.
条条大路通罗马。
o The soldier was as brave as a lion.
那个士兵像狮子一样勇敢。
o My brother is like a duck to water in the new job.
我哥哥在新的工作岗位上如鱼得水。
o It is he who has consistently offered fuel in snowy weather but never added flowers to embroidery.
他这个人一向对人是雪中送炭,从来不是锦上添花。
(二)意译法:
为使译文得到和原文基本相同的文化信息,当翻译中遇到两种文化有差异,用直译无法使译文传达准确的信息时,就要在母语中寻找与其对应的表达方式,利用各种必要的转换手段进行意译。
例如:
•He is down and out as if/though he lived a dog’s life.
他穷困, 潦倒,好像过着牛马一样的生活。
(转译法- a dog’s life转换词义)•He behaved politely while answering the interviewer’s questions.
他在回答采访者问题时, 很有礼貌。
(省略法–behaved 一词不译出) •He is a stranger to the co mpany’s business.
他对于该公司的经营业务是陌生的。
(转换法–stranger 名词转换成形容词) •All preparation must be done before you do experiments.
在做试验之前, 一切准备工作都必须做好。
(增加法-preparation增加“工作”) •Each country has its own customs.
各国有各国的风俗. (重复法- Each country重复使用“各国”)。