Francis Bacon

―Essays‖
• 10 of them were published in 1597, as notes of his observations. • The collection was reissued and enlarged in 1621 and again in 1625, when it included 58 essays. • This essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as… • They have won popularity for their clearness, brevity and force of expression.
Many of his sentences have become wise old sayings —
• Men fear death as children fear to go in the dark. • Studies serve for delight. • Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
Works
• • • • • • • • • • 《学术的进展》，Advancement of Learning, 1605年 《新工具论》，New Instrument,1620年 《论说文集》，Essays, 1624年 《亨利七世本纪》 《论事物的本性》 《迷宫的线索》 《各家哲学的批判》 《自然界的大事》 《论人类的知识》 《培根人生论》
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Of Studies
Of Marriage and Single Life
If the imaginative powers of literary creation of English Renaissance found their expression in the poetry of Spenser and the drama of Shakespeare, the intellectual energy of this age showed itself in the achievement of Francis Bacon the founder of English materialist philosophy.
• He said at his death: ―For my name and memory, I leave it to men’s charitable speeches, and to foreign nations, and the next age.‖ • Significance • He is a philosopher, a scientist and the first English essayist. • He is best known for his Essays that is the first example of that style in English literature.
New Inቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱtrument（1620）
The Inductive Method of reasoning： First, collect and study the facts and phenomena of this great world, then, draw your reasoning or conclusion out of them – these are Bacon’s teaching in a nutshell.
Of Studies
• Of Studies -- The most popular of Bacon’s essays.
• Language Features • Forceful and persuasive; compact and precise; and the essays reveals to us Bacon’s nature attitude towards learning. . Content: • What studies chiefly serve for. • The different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies. • How studies exert influence over human character • Theme • Different ways of studies may exert different influences over human characters.
荀子· 劝学
君子曰：学不可以已。青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水 为之，而寒于水。木直中绳，揉以为轮，其曲中规，虽有槁暴， 不复挺者，輮使之然也。故木受绳则直，金就砾则利。君子博 学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。 吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也。吾尝跂而望矣，不 如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远。顺风而 呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假舆 马者，非利足也，而致千里。 假舟辑者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生非异也，善假于物也。 积土成山，风雨兴焉。积水成渊，蛟龙生焉。积善成德， 而神明自得，圣心备焉。故不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流， 无以成江海。骐骥一跃，不能十步；驽马十驾，功在不舍。锲 而舍之，朽木不折；锲而不舍，金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨 之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇 蟺之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。