哈工大液压大作业压力机概要

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哈工大液压传动大作业组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计21页word文档

哈工大液压传动大作业组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计21页word文档

哈尔滨工业大学液压传动大作业设计说明书设计题目卧式组合机床液压动力滑台机电工程学院班设计者2010 年9 月10 日流体控制及自动化系哈尔滨工业大学液压传动大作业任务书学生姓名班号设计题目钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台1.液压系统用途(包括工作环境和工作条件)及主要参数:卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。

切削阻力F=15kN,滑台自重G=22kN,平面导轨,静摩擦系数0.2,动摩擦系数0.1,快进/退速度5m/min,工进速度100mm/min,最大行程350mm,其中工进行程200mm,启动换向时间0.1s,液压缸机械效率0.9。

2.执行元件类型:液压油缸3.液压系统名称:钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。

设计内容1. 拟订液压系统原理图;2. 选择系统所选用的液压元件及辅件;3. 验算液压系统性能;4. 编写上述1、2、3的计算说明书。

设计指导教师签字教研室主任签字年月日签发目录1 序言······························································错误!未定义书签。

2 设计的技术要求和设计参数····················································- 1 -3 工况分析····················································································- 2 - 3.1 确定执行元件·········································································- 2 - 3.2 分析系统工况·········································································- 2 - 3.3 负载循环图和速度循环图的绘制·········································- 3 - 3.4 确定系统主要参数·································································- 4 -3.4.1 初选液压缸工作压力················································ - 4 -3.4.2 确定液压缸主要尺寸················································ - 4 -3.4.3 计算最大流量需求······················································ - 5 - 3.5 拟定液压系统原理图·····························································- 7 -3.5.1 速度控制回路的选择·················································· - 7 -3.5.2 换向和速度换接回路的选择······································ - 7 -3.5.3 油源的选择和能耗控制·············································· - 8 -3.5.4 压力控制回路的选择·················································· - 9 - 3.6 液压元件的选择·································································· - 10 -3.6.1 确定液压泵和电机规格············································ - 10 -3.6.2 阀类元件和辅助元件的选择···································· - 12 -3.6.3 油管的选择································································ - 14 -3.6.4 油箱的设计································································ - 15 - 3.7 液压系统性能的验算·························································· - 16 -3.7.1 回路压力损失验算···················································· - 17 -3.7.2 油液温升验算···························································· - 17 -1 序言作为一种高效率的专用机床,组合机床在大批、大量机械加工生产中应用广泛。

液压压力机知识点总结

液压压力机知识点总结

液压压力机知识点总结一、液压压力机的基本原理和结构1. 液压压力机的基本原理液压压力机是一种利用液压传动原理来实现加工工件的设备。

其基本原理是利用液压系统产生的压力来对工件进行加工和成形。

液压系统由液压泵、控制阀、液压缸、压力表等组成,通过控制阀的开关来调节液压缸的运动速度和力量。

液压压力机具有加工力大、稳定性好、操作简单等特点,广泛应用于金属加工、塑料成型等行业。

2. 液压压力机的结构液压压力机主要由机架、液压系统、操作系统和控制系统等部分组成。

机架是支撑和固定液压压力机各部件的框架结构,液压系统包括液压泵、液压缸等组件,用于产生液压力;操作系统包括手动操作、自动操作等方式,用于控制液压压力机的工作过程;控制系统用于监测和控制液压压力机的工作状态,保证其安全和稳定性。

二、液压压力机的工作原理1. 液压压力机的工作过程液压压力机的工作过程主要包括压料、加压、保压、释放四个阶段。

在压料阶段,料坯被放置在模具中,并进行对齐和定位;在加压阶段,液压系统开始加压,将料坯压制至模具形状;在保压阶段,保持一定的压力,使得料坯充分成型;在释放阶段,释放液压力,取出成型好的工件。

2. 液压压力机的工作原理液压压力机的工作原理是利用液压泵产生的高压油液,通过控制阀调节液压缸的运动速度和力量,从而对工件进行压制和成型。

液压系统通过油液的流动来实现力的传递和变换,保证了压制力量的稳定性和均匀性,同时也减小了噪音和振动,提高了加工质量。

三、液压系统的组成与工作原理1. 液压系统的组成液压系统主要由液压泵、液压缸、控制阀、压力表、储油箱等组成。

液压泵用于产生高压油液,液压缸用于产生压力对工件进行加工,控制阀用于控制油液的流动和分配,压力表用于监测液压系统的工作状态,储油箱用于存放液压油液。

2. 液压系统的工作原理液压系统的工作原理是利用液压泵产生高压油液,通过控制阀调节油液的流向和流量,使液压缸产生自动或手动的运动,从而实现对工件的加工和成型。

哈工大机电液系统测试技术大作业 电液伺服阀性能测试解析

哈工大机电液系统测试技术大作业 电液伺服阀性能测试解析

H a r b i n I n s t i t u t e o f T e c h n o l o g y机电液系统实验测试技术大作业(二)设计方案:电液伺服阀性能测试系统学院:机电工程学院专业:机械设计制造及其自动化班级:学号:姓名:指导老师:时间:哈尔滨工业大学目录前言 (2)系统组成及功能 (2)电液伺服阀测试系统原理 (2)电液伺服阀特性测试 (3)静态测试 (3)动态测试 (9)传感器选型 (10)体会与心得 (10)参考文献 (11)1.前言电液控制伺服阀简称伺服阀,相对于普通液压系统中的常规阀来说,伺服阀是一种高级的、精密的液压元件。

伺服阀既是信号转换元件,又是功率放大元件。

在电液伺服控制系统中,伺服阀将系统的电气部分与液压部分连接起来,实现电液信号的转换与放大,对液压执行元件进行控制,具有控制精度高、响应速度快、信号处理灵活、输出功率大和结构紧凑等优点。

为了更好地利用电液伺服阀,必须对它进行充分的实验。

2.系统组成及功能电液伺服阀测试系统主要由泵站系统、测试台、计算机测控系统等组成。

小泵额定压力为21 MPa,流量10 L/min;大泵额定压力为7 MPa,流量90 L/min。

测试台设计成两个工位,即电液伺服阀静态测试工位和动态测试工位。

测控系统主要包括:电源开关电路、信号调理器、Avant测试分析仪、控制软件(液压CAT控制测试软件)和计算机系统。

测控系统实施对液压能源、液压测试台的控制,实现对电液伺服阀某项或多项液压参数测试的油路转换,同时采集各项所需的液压参数,经软件处理获得符合电液伺服阀试验规范要求的曲线、数据、报表等。

实现了对电液伺服阀的动、静态特性的实时显示及描绘,并自动进行相关数据分析和处理。

3.电液伺服阀测试系统原理电液伺服阀测试系统原理图如图1所示。

4.电液伺服阀特性测试4.1静态测试测试系统示意图如图2:图2 静态实验装置典型回路(1)空载流量特性测试用下列实验步骤测出输入电流与负载压降的变化关系,从而绘制空载流量特性曲线。

哈工大液压传动大作业

哈工大液压传动大作业
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最新哈工大液压传动大作业组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计

最新哈工大液压传动大作业组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计

哈工大液压传动大作业组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计哈尔滨工业大学液压传动大作业设计说明书设计题目卧式组合机床液压动力滑台机电工程学院班设计者2010 年 9 月 10 日流体控制及自动化系哈尔滨工业大学仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢- 21 -液压传动大作业任务书学生姓名班号设计题目钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台1.液压系统用途(包括工作环境和工作条件)及主要参数:卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。

切削阻力F=15kN,滑台自重G=22kN,平面导轨,静摩擦系数0.2,动摩擦系数0.1,快进/退速度5m/min,工进速度100mm/min,最大行程350mm,其中工进行程200mm,启动换向时间0.1s,液压缸机械效率0.9。

2.执行元件类型:液压油缸3.液压系统名称:钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。

设计内容1. 拟订液压系统原理图;2. 选择系统所选用的液压元件及辅件;3. 验算液压系统性能;4. 编写上述1、2、3的计算说明书。

仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢- 21 -设计指导教师签字教研室主任签字年月日签发仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢- 21 -1 序言······················································- 1 -2 设计的技术要求和设计参数 ··············- 2 -3 工况分析··············································- 2 -3.1 确定执行元件···································- 2 -3.2 分析系统工况···································- 2 -3.3 负载循环图和速度循环图的绘制 ···- 4 -3.4 确定系统主要参数···························- 6 -3.4.1 初选液压缸工作压力............................................................ - 6 -3.4.2 确定液压缸主要尺寸............................................................ - 6 -3.4.3 计算最大流量需求................................................................... - 7 -3.5 拟定液压系统原理图 ·······················- 9 -3.5.1 速度控制回路的选择............................................................... - 9 -3.5.2 换向和速度换接回路的选择................................................. - 10 -3.5.3 油源的选择和能耗控制......................................................... - 10 -3.5.4 压力控制回路的选择............................................................. - 12 -3.6 液压元件的选择·····························- 13 -本设计所使用液压元件均为标准液压元件,因此只需确定各液压元件的主要参数和规格,然后根据现有的液压元件产品进行选择即可。

哈工大_液压传动大作业_组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计

哈工大_液压传动大作业_组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计

哈尔滨工业大学液压传动大作业设计说明书设计题目卧式组合机床液压动力滑台机电工程学院班设计者2010 年9 月10 日流体控制及自动化系哈尔滨工业大学液压传动大作业任务书学生姓名班号设计题目钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台1.液压系统用途(包括工作环境和工作条件)及主要参数:卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。

切削阻力F=15kN,滑台自重G=22kN,平面导轨,静摩擦系数0.2,动摩擦系数0.1,快进/退速度5m/min,工进速度100mm/min,最大行程350mm,其中工进行程200mm,启动换向时间0.1s,液压缸机械效率0.9。

2.执行元件类型:液压油缸3.液压系统名称:钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。

设计内容1. 拟订液压系统原理图;2. 选择系统所选用的液压元件及辅件;3. 验算液压系统性能;4. 编写上述1、2、3的计算说明书。

设计指导教师签字教研室主任签字年月日签发目录1 序言····························································································- 1 -2 设计的技术要求和设计参数····················································- 2 -3 工况分析····················································································- 2 - 3.1 确定执行元件·········································································- 2 - 3.2 分析系统工况·········································································- 2 - 3.3 负载循环图和速度循环图的绘制·········································-4 - 3.4 确定系统主要参数·································································-5 -3.4.1 初选液压缸工作压力·················································- 5 -3.4.2 确定液压缸主要尺寸·················································- 5 -3.4.3 计算最大流量需求·······················································- 7 - 3.5 拟定液压系统原理图·····························································- 8 -3.5.1 速度控制回路的选择···················································- 8 -3.5.2 换向和速度换接回路的选择·······································- 9 -3.5.3 油源的选择和能耗控制·············································- 10 -3.5.4 压力控制回路的选择·················································- 11 - 3.6 液压元件的选择···································································- 12 -3.6.1 确定液压泵和电机规格·············································- 13 -3.6.2 阀类元件和辅助元件的选择·····································- 14 -3.6.3 油管的选择·································································- 16 -3.6.4 油箱的设计·································································- 18 - 3.7 液压系统性能的验算···························································- 19 -3.7.1 回路压力损失验算·····················································- 19 -3.7.2 油液温升验算·····························································- 20 -1 序言作为一种高效率的专用机床,组合机床在大批、大量机械加工生产中应用广泛。

液压压力机设计说明书

液压压力机设计说明书

液压压力机设计说明书第1章绪论近年来,世界各国经济迅猛发展。

在经济发展的过程中,制造业起着支柱作用。

尤其在中国这一发展中国家,制造业的发展更是日新月异。

制造业就是对各种材料进行加工制造,使其符合人们的使用需要。

在制造加工的方法中,压力加工是不可缺少的一种加工方法。

在制造业的每一个领域,例如航空、汽车、拖拉机、机床、仪表这些行业都缺少不了压力加工。

可见,压力加工是非常重要的。

压力加工应用的主要工具就是各种锻压机械。

锻压机械主要用于金属成形,所以又称为金属成形机床。

锻压机械是通过对金属施加压力使之成形的,力大是其基本特点,故多为重型设备。

锻压机械的发展也是有一个漫长过程的。

最初人们为了制造工具,用人力、畜力转动轮子来举起重锤锻打工件。

这是最古老的锻压机械。

14世纪出现了水力落锤。

15~16世纪航海业蓬勃发展,为了锻造铁锚等,出现了水力驱动的杠杆锤。

18世纪出现了蒸汽机和火车,因而需要更大的锻件。

1842年,英国工程师内史密斯创制第一台蒸汽锤,开始了蒸汽动力锻压机械的时代。

1795年,英国的布拉默发明水压机,但直到19世纪中叶,由于大锻件的需要才应用于锻造。

随着电动机的发明,十九世纪末出现了以电为动力的机械压力机和空气锤,并获得迅速发展。

二十世纪60年代以后,锻压机械改变了从19世纪开始的,向重型和大型方向发展的趋势,转而向高速、高效、自动、精密、专用、多品种生产等方向发展。

于是出现了每分种行程2000次的高速压力机、六万千牛的三坐标多工位压力机、两万五千千牛的精密冲裁压力机。

各种机械控制的、数字控制的和计算机控制的自动锻压机械以及与之配套的操作机、机械手和工业机器人也相继研制成功。

现代化的锻压机械可生产精确制品,有良好的劳动条件,环境污染很小。

锻压机械主要包括各种锻锤、各种压力机和其他辅助机械。

压力机又根据不同的动力及传动形式分为机械压力机和液压机。

机械压力机是用曲柄连杆或肘杆机构、凸轮机构、螺杆机构传动,工作平稳、工作精度高、操作条件好、生产率高,易于实现机械化、自动化,适于在自动线上工作。

哈工大液压传动大作业组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计

哈工大液压传动大作业组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计

哈尔滨工业大学液压传动大作业设计说明书设计题目卧式组合机床液压动力滑台机电工程学院班设计者2010 年9 月10 日流体控制及自动化系哈尔滨工业大学液压传动大作业任务书学生姓名班号设计题目钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台1.液压系统用途(包括工作环境和工作条件)及主要参数:卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。

切削阻力F=15kN,滑台自重G=22kN,平面导轨,静摩擦系数,动摩擦系数,快进/退速度5m/min,工进速度100mm/min,最大行程350mm,其中工进行程200mm,启动换向时间,液压缸机械效率。

2.执行元件类型:液压油缸3.液压系统名称:钻镗两用卧式组合机床液压动力滑台。

设计内容1. 拟订液压系统原理图;2. 选择系统所选用的液压元件及辅件;3. 验算液压系统性能;4. 编写上述1、2、3的计算说明书。

设计指导教师签字教研室主任签字年月日签发1 序言······················································- 1 -2 设计的技术要求和设计参数 ··············- 2 -3 工况分析 ··············································- 2 -确定执行元件 ··········································- 2 -分析系统工况 ··········································- 2 -负载循环图和速度循环图的绘制 ··········-4 -确定系统主要参数 ··································- 6 -3.4.1 初选液压缸工作压力 ............................................................... - 6 -3.4.2 确定液压缸主要尺寸 ............................................................... - 6 -3.4.3 计算最大流量需求..................................................................... - 7 -拟定液压系统原理图 ······························- 9 -3.5.1 速度控制回路的选择................................................................. - 9 -3.5.2 换向和速度换接回路的选择 ................................................... - 10 -3.5.3 油源的选择和能耗控制........................................................... - 10 -3.5.4 压力控制回路的选择............................................................... - 12 -液压元件的选择 ····································- 13 -本设计所使用液压元件均为标准液压元件,因此只需确定各液压元件的主要参数和规格,然后根据现有的液压元件产品进行选择即可。

哈工大_液压传动大作业_组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计

哈工大_液压传动大作业_组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计

哈工大_液压传动大作业_组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计液压传动是当今工业领域中常用的一种传动方式,具有传动平稳、高效可靠等特点。

本文旨在设计一个组合机床动力滑台的液压系统,以满足其在工作过程中的需要。

1.动力滑台液压系统概述动力滑台是一种常见的机床,其通过液压系统实现动力传递和各种动作的控制。

其液压系统主要包括液压油箱、液压泵、液压阀、液压缸等组成部分。

2.液压油箱设计液压油箱主要用于储存液压油,并对其进行冷却。

在设计时需要考虑油箱容量、冷却方式和位置等因素,以确保液压系统正常运行。

3.液压泵选型4.液压阀设计液压阀用于控制液压系统的流量和压力。

在组合机床动力滑台设计中,常用的液压阀有单向阀、溢流阀和换向阀等。

根据机床的工作过程和动作要求,选择合适的液压阀进行设计。

5.液压缸设计液压缸是将液压能转化为机械能的装置,其设计需要考虑缸体尺寸、活塞杆材料和密封形式等因素。

在组合机床动力滑台设计中,常用的液压缸有单作用液压缸和双作用液压缸两种,根据具体需要进行选择。

6.液压系统布局液压系统的布局主要包括各部件的位置布置和液压管路的连接。

在组合机床动力滑台设计中,需要考虑各部件的相对位置和管路连接的合理性,以保证液压系统的正常运行和维修。

7.安全措施液压系统的设计需要考虑安全性,包括压力保护装置的设置、泄漏检测和处理等。

在组合机床动力滑台设计中,需要设置过载保护装置,确保液压系统在工作过程中不会因超出承载能力而发生危险事故。

总结:以上为组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计的一般概述,通过设计和选择合适的液压元件和系统布局,能够满足组合机床动力滑台的工作需求,实现平稳高效的工作过程。

同时,通过设置安全措施,保障操作人员和机床的安全。

哈工大机械设计-大作业5

哈工大机械设计-大作业5

哈尔滨工业大学机械设计作业设计计算说明书题目_轴系部件设计_____系别___能源学院________班号____0902103________姓名____ _______指导教师___________日期_2011年12月5日__目录机械设计作业任务书 (3)1选择材料,确定许用应力 (4)2按扭转强度估算轴径 (4)3设计轴的结构 (4)4轴的受力分析 (6)4.1画轴的受力简图 (6)4.2计算支承反力 (6)4.3画弯矩图 (7)4.4画转矩图 (7)5校核轴的强度 (8)6轴的安全系数校核计算 (9)7校核键连接的强度 (10)8校核轴承的寿命 (11)8.1计算当量动载荷 (11)8.2校核寿命 (12)9轴上其他零件设计 (12)10轴承座结构设计 (12)11轴承端盖(透盖) (13)12参考文献 (13)哈尔滨工业大学机械设计作业任务书题目 ___轴系部件设计____设计原始数据:传动方案如图5.1图5.11选择材料,确定许用应力通过已知条件和查阅相关的设计手册得知,该传动机所传递的功率属于中小型功率。

因此轴所承受的扭矩不大。

故选45号钢,并进行调质处理。

2按扭转强度估算轴径对于转轴,按扭转强度初算直径:min d ≥ 其中2P ——轴传递的功率,0130.95 2.85m P P kW η=⨯=⨯= m n ——轴的转速,r/minC ——由许用扭转剪应力确定的系数。

查表10.2得C=106~118,考虑轴端弯矩比转矩小,取C=106。

min d mm ∴≥ 由于考虑到轴的最小直径处要安装大带轮,会有键槽存在,故将其扩大5%,得22.6474k d mm ≥,按标准GB2822-81的10R 圆整后取125d mm =。

3设计轴的结构由于本设计中的轴需要安装带轮、齿轮、轴承等不同的零件,并且各处受力不同,因此,设计成阶梯轴形式,共分为七段。

以下是轴段的草图:轴段⑦轴段⑥轴段⑤ 轴段④ 轴段③ 轴段②轴段①3L 2L 1L3.1 阶梯轴各部分直径的确定1) 轴段1和轴段7轴段1和轴段7分别安放大带轮和小齿轮,所以其长度由带轮和齿轮轮毂长度确定,而直径由初算的最小直径得到。

哈工大,液压系统动态分析讲义第一章 绪论-8页文档资料

哈工大,液压系统动态分析讲义第一章 绪论-8页文档资料

液压系统动态分析讲义哈工大机电学院杨庆俊第一章绪论我们这门课程,叫液压系统动态分析。

顾名思义,是研究液压系统的动态特性。

一、研究对象、内容和意义液压元件与系统都是我们的研究对象,具体可分为三类:(1)具有内反馈机制的液压元件,如溢流阀、恒压泵等。

这类元件通过其内部的反馈调节机制,控制压力、流量或者是功率为恒定值。

对于液压技术而言,这类元件内容丰富,常代表了液压元件的尖端,就其局部而言,其复杂度往往不低于一个常规的液压伺服系统。

(2)液压传动系统。

这类系统工作在开环状态,系统在有限的几个状态之间切换以完成规定的功能。

尽管系统工作在开环状态,其内多数情况下仍然会有具有反馈机制的液压元件如溢流阀等。

(3)液压伺服控制系统。

这类系统整体工作在闭环反馈方式。

通常采用传感器测量某个被控制量,如压力、位移、加速度等等,通过控制阀的调节作用使被控制量满足要求的变化规律。

这三类对象中,第三类“液压伺服控制系统”已有专门课程介绍其分析和设计,因此本课程不再包括这部分内容。

本课程所涉及的就是前两类对象。

动态分析,就是研究上述元件和系统的动态特性,即元件与系统工作状态转换过程的特性。

因对象性质的不同,动态特性所关注的内容也有所区别。

对于第一类内反馈式元件,动态分析的主要内容如下:(1)稳定性。

因其存在反馈作用,动态分析最关注的就是能否稳定工作。

影响稳定性的因素有多方面。

第一,该类元件在设计条件下,是否存在由于内部参数设计不合理导致的不稳定;第二,在系统中使用时,与该元件上下游的连接条件发生变化,是否会出现由此引起的稳定性问题;第三,即使硬件连接相同,元件的工作参数如压力、流量等也会有一定的变化,是否会出现因此而引起的稳定性问题。

(2)对干扰因素的抑制特性。

总有一些量的变化会引起被控制量的变化,如溢流阀溢流流量的变化会引起设定压力的变化。

当这些干扰发生变化时,被控量的响应过程,如最大变化幅度、恢复稳定时间、振荡次数、最终稳定值等,是我们所关心的。

哈工大液压传动课程大作业-动力滑台-铣床液压系统设计

哈工大液压传动课程大作业-动力滑台-铣床液压系统设计

双面铣削液压专用铣床液压系统设计设计一台采用端面铣刀同时双面铣削柴油机连杆大小头平面液压专用铣床的液压系统。

该机床采用四个动力头,同时铣削连杆大、小头四个侧面。

工件材料为42CrMo,硬度HB200,毛坯类型为模锻件。

选用CD型硬质合金可转位铣刀,大铣刀盘直径为360mm,刀齿数为20;小铣刀盘直径为200mm,刀齿数为10。

加工余量均为5mm,一次进给,属于粗加工;夹具和工件安装在工作台上,工作台由单活塞杆液压缸驱动,完成进给运动。

机床示意图见图1.1。

图1.1 柴油机连杆加工铣床示意图1-工作台进给液压缸;2-夹紧液压缸;3-工件;4-小铣削动力头和小刀盘(两台);5-大铣削动力头和大刀盘(两台);6-定位液压缸1 明确液压系统设计要求专用铣床的工作循环为:手工上料→定位缸定位→夹紧缸夹紧→定位缸退回→工作台快进→工作台工进→工作台快退→夹具松开→手工卸料。

(1)技术参数(a)工作行程:快进行程S1 = 800mm,工作行程S2 = 750 mm。

(b)工作台轴向切削力:工作行程I(0~400 mm范围内),F t1 = 8400N (大小铣刀盘同时铣削);工作行程II(400~750 mm范围内),F t2 = 3600N (仅小铣刀盘铣削)。

(c)垂直于工作台导轨的切削分力:工作行程I,F n1 = 19000N,工作行程II,F n2 = 8000N(d)工作台运动部件质量:m = 1361kg(e)工作台快进、快退速度:v1 = v3 =400 mm/min(f)工作台工作速度:v2 = 40~80 mm/min可调(g)工作台导轨型式及摩擦系数:平导轨:静摩擦系数f s = 0.2,动摩擦系数f d = 0.1(h)工作台加速减速时间:∆t ≤ 0.2s(i)夹紧缸负载力:F c = 4000N(j)夹紧时间:t c =(1~2)s(k)夹紧缸行程:S c = 20 mm(l)定位缸负载力:F s = 500N(m)定位缸行程:S s = 100 mm(时间<5s)(n)上、卸料时间:t s = 30s(2)设计要求(a)由于切削时切削力有脉动,要求进给速度随负载的变化小。

哈工大液压传动课程大作业-动力滑台-铣床液压系统设计

哈工大液压传动课程大作业-动力滑台-铣床液压系统设计

双面铣削液压专用铣床液压系统设计设计一台采用端面铣刀同时双面铣削柴油机连杆大小头平面液压专用铣床的液压系统。

该机床采用四个动力头,同时铣削连杆大、小头四个侧面。

工件材料为42CrMo,硬度HB200,毛坯类型为模锻件。

选用CD型硬质合金可转位铣刀,大铣刀盘直径为360mm,刀齿数为20;小铣刀盘直径为200mm,刀齿数为10。

加工余量均为5mm,一次进给,属于粗加工;夹具和工件安装在工作台上,工作台由单活塞杆液压缸驱动,完成进给运动。

机床示意图见图1.1。

图1.1 柴油机连杆加工铣床示意图1-工作台进给液压缸;2-夹紧液压缸;3-工件;4-小铣削动力头和小刀盘(两台);5-大铣削动力头和大刀盘(两台);6-定位液压缸1 明确液压系统设计要求专用铣床的工作循环为:手工上料→定位缸定位→夹紧缸夹紧→定位缸退回→工作台快进→工作台工进→工作台快退→夹具松开→手工卸料。

(1)技术参数(a)工作行程:快进行程S1 = 800mm,工作行程S2 = 750 mm。

(b)工作台轴向切削力:工作行程I(0~400 mm范围内),F t1 = 8400N (大小铣刀盘同时铣削);工作行程II(400~750 mm范围内),F t2 = 3600N (仅小铣刀盘铣削)。

(c)垂直于工作台导轨的切削分力:工作行程I,F n1 = 19000N,工作行程II,F n2 = 8000N(d)工作台运动部件质量:m = 1361kg(e)工作台快进、快退速度:v1 = v3 =400 mm/min(f)工作台工作速度:v2 = 40~80 mm/min可调(g)工作台导轨型式及摩擦系数:平导轨:静摩擦系数f s = 0.2,动摩擦系数f d = 0.1(h)工作台加速减速时间:∆t ≤ 0.2s(i)夹紧缸负载力:F c = 4000N(j)夹紧时间:t c =(1~2)s(k)夹紧缸行程:S c = 20 mm(l)定位缸负载力:F s = 500N(m)定位缸行程:S s = 100 mm(时间<5s)(n)上、卸料时间:t s = 30s(2)设计要求(a)由于切削时切削力有脉动,要求进给速度随负载的变化小。

哈工大数控大作业完美版

哈工大数控大作业完美版

第一作业调研报告 (1)1.1调研内容 (1)1.2工作量与要求 (1)1.3正文 (1)The development and application of NC machine tool servo system (2)第二作业:典型曲线数字积分法插补方法 (13)2.1目的 (13)2.2要求 (13)2.3 DDA法双曲线插补的积分表达式 (13)2.4终点判别 (15)2.5插补举例 (15)第三作业:加工中心零件加工编程 (17)3.1目的和要求 (17)3.2数控机床设备 (17)3.3加工工艺制订 (19)3.4要完成的程序编写任务 (22)《数控技术》课程(2015)大作业院(系)专业姓名学号班号任课教师完成日期哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院2015年5月数控大作业第一作业调研报告1.1调研内容请以课堂所学习的知识为基础,自主选择课程中所涉及的任一知识点进行调研。

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1.3正文The development and application of NC machine tool servo system Since the invention of NC machine tool in 1950s, servo system has been the indispensable component of the NC machine tool. With the rapid development of new materials, electronic power and controlling system, the servo system has evolved from the step-by-step system to DC system and then to AC system. As the blossom of AC servo technology, AC servo system will replace the DC system wholly and take up the dominant position in the family of servo system.With the electronic power conversion unit as actuator and controlle r as core , Servo system which contains the servo driver and servo motor constitutes the main part of the electric-driving and autom atic control system . When working, firstly the servo system will receive the signal from NC devices, and then drive the motion of machine tool as well as ensure the accuracy and speediness of mov ement under the guidance of pulse command . Usually, precision a nd speed of the NC machine tool and other technical indicators mainly depend on the servo system itself1.The improvement and assortment of NC servo systemAt present, engineers tend to assess the quality by reference to seve ral important indicators, such as precision, speed and so on. Theref ore, a NC servo system must meet these requirements.High precisionUnlike the traditional manufacturing which can be manually handle d to regulate and compensate errors, the NC servo system has a hi gh demand on positioning accuracy and repeated positioning accura cyQuick repose characteristicQuick response is one of important indicators of servo system’s dynamic quality which requires the servo system following the command signal with minimum error as well as quick repose and high stability. Once receiving the instruction of manipulator, the working machine can restore the original state of equilibrium quickly after a short regulation or a disturbance from outer space.Wide speed rangeDue to the difference in work piece materials, cutting tool and process requirements, servo system must have wide speed range, so as to ensure that the CNC machine in any circumstances can get the optimal cutting condition. Thus the machine tool can satisfy the requirement of high speed machining as well as the requirement of low speed feed.The speed range is generally larger than 1 to 10000. when the machine isworking in a low cutting speed which ask for a larger stable torque output, NC servo system must maintain a good reliability.Good reliabilitythe usage of machine tool is frequent, usually with 24 hours' continuous work, so the servo system must have good working reliability. Servo system of NC machine tool can be divided into open loop control system and closed loop control system according to the presence of feedback test components. Drive control Unit transforms feeding instructions to perform signal needed by actuator, and then actuator convert this signal into mechanical displacement.In Open loop control system, there is no feedback detecting components and comparing control links. On the contrary, these are essential part of a closed-loop control system.The composition of servo systemServo system can be classified into the feed drive system and the spindle drive system on the basis of function and usage. Besides,the NC servo system can also be sorted into open loop control system and the closed loop control system in light of the presence of feedback detecting element.In addition, according to the difference of actuators, servo system can be divided into stepping servo system, dc servo system and ac servo system.Stepping servo systemBefore the 1960 s,the stepping servo system is based on step motor driven hydraulic servo motor or characterized by power steppingmotor as direct drive,and servo system uses open-loop control. Stepping servo system works with the pulse signal, and its speed and turning Angle depends on the frequency or the number ofInstruction pulses.Because there is no testing and feedback loop, the precision of the stepper motor step depends on the step angle, the accuracy of the gear transmission clearance and so on, its accuracy is low. stepping motor is easy to appear vibration phenomenon when working in the low frequency,and its output torque decreases with increment of speed. Because the stepping servo system is the open loop control, step motor in the start of machine with the over-high frequency or large load shows"lost" or "blocked" phenomenon and prone to appear phenomenon of high speed overshoot in the braking of the machine tool. At the same time, step motor speed accelerating from 0 to working speed requires longer time and slower speed response. But because of its simple structure, easy adjustment, and good working reliability and the low prices, the stepping system is a good choice in many many occasionsof low occasions.Dc servo systemAfter 60 and 70 s, most of numerical control system adopts dc servo system. Dc servo motor has a good wide range speed performance, large output torque, and strong overload capacity. servo system also has evolved from open loop control into closed-loop control, thus in the industry as well as its related fields gains the more extensive or aboard application. However, with the rapid development of modern industry, the corresponding equivalents such as precision CNC machine tools, industrial robots make higher and higher requirements to the electrical servo system, especially the precision, reliability and other performance.The traditional dc motor uses a mechanical commutator, faced up with many problems in the application process, such as brush and commutator wear easily, maintenance work is heavy and the cost of it is high. Commutator reversing would produce sparks, the maximum speed of the motor and the application environment is limited;Dc motor has a more complex structure, higher cost,and prone to interfere other devices'work.Ac servo systemThe existence of these problems, limiting the dc servo system in highprecision, high performance requires the application of servo drive occasion.Because hard-overcoming weakness of dc motor, people have been seeking the development of ac servo motor to replace the dc motor whose advantage is limited by mechanical commutor and brush to satisfy the needs of various application fields, especially in the field of high precision and high-performance servo drive .But because the ac motor has strong coupling, nonlinear characteristics, so control is very complete and the high-performance application has been limited. Since the 1980 s, with the boom of the new technology such as electronic electricity, the modern control theory, and the breakthrough in the field of vector control algorithm, the original problems of AC motor which has bothered so many engineers has been solved, and ac servo development faster and faster.The characteristics of the ac servo systemIn addition to good stability, good rapidity,and high precision,servo motor system has a series of other advantages.with out the limitation of commutator circumferential speed and armature reactance potential numerical element, the speed limit ofAC motor can be design higher than DC motor in the same given motor. with a wide range of speed regulation, the most ac servo motor speed ratio can reach 1:50000,and high-performance servo motor speed ratiocan even amount to ver 100000. Meet the numerical control machine tool drive, wide speed range and small static rate request.good torque speed characteristicAC motor as the constant torque output, i.e. within its rated speed output rated torque, in for a constant power output above the rated speed.And torque overload capacity, can overcome the inertia moment of inertia load moment at start-up.Meet the machine tool servo system, large output torque, good dynamic accordingly, high positioning accuracy demands.The research status of domestic ac servoAc servo system consists of the ac servo system based on asynchronous motor and the ac servo system on the base of synchronous motor.At present machine mainly adopts a permanent magnet synchronous ac servo system.In the field of ac servo research, the Japan, the United States and Europe are in the forefront.In the mid 1980s, Japan yaskawa company has successfully developed the world's first ac servo drive.Then F ANUC, Mitsubishi, Panasonic and other companies have launched their own ac servo system. Most of these products from aboard companies are based on the asynchronous motor. However,domestic institutes has set up late in ac servo system with asynchronous motor,and so far there are still no products available. Many domestic researchers put much importance on the research of permanent magnet synchronous motorservo system. Huazhong university of science and technology, Beijing machine tool research institute, xi 'an micro motor research institute, shenyang institute of automation of Chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou electric factory etc have started out in the research of AC servo system and are expected to launch their own products. DA98 all-digital ac servo drive unit from guangzhou NC manufacturing company has already knock at the door of high-precision servo driver industry in our country, broken the monopoly of foreign countries , and initiated a new era belonging to our national brands.Ac servo signal and numerical control system interface have three different modes, which can also divided into three stages.Domestically, Guangzhou CNC DA98 which belongs to the first generation and is also a epoch-making servo drive, at the same time, it is first all-digital domestic ac servo drive unit, pulse command it accept direction. The second generation is EDB series delegated by Aston, it can not only accept pulse command signal, but also receive the signal from the speed control and torque control analog input.The third generation is networked ac servo worked servo system is the organic combination of industrial field-bus technology and full digital ac servo,which enables users to adjust the parameters according to load conditions and saves some unstable factors such as drift produced byanalog circuits. Based on field bus network control technology,the servo system the microprocessor and field bus interface in all type ac motor servo drive, form independent of intelligent digital servo control unit, it directly connected to the industrial field bus, it formed a new type of network control system based on field-bus.Reduced the number of hardware and the attachment, the structure of intelligent units on independent, to the outside world and realize data sharing between each other, but also can use other field control equipment, easy to extend.So far, the network communication server product in domestic has not yet mature.Robotics institute of Beijing university of aeronautics and astronautics development design a network based on DSP + FPGA + ASIPM ac servo control system, the principle prototype has been got preliminary validation of the three-dimensional carving machine. currently, the most server drive adopt high-speed DSP processors,which promote the movement of all kinds of advanced control algorithms in the use of new type of drive. Mostly, suppliers of servo system employ the structure of DSP + CPLD (FPGA) on the hardware. Because the DSP and CPLD (FPGA) can repeat programming,they are easy to realize modular re-configurable of the ac servo system.As long as the software for corresponding different system configurations, including the control algorithm can control and asynchronous motor, permanent magnet synchronous servo motor, brush-less dc motor, and through thereconfiguration of FPGA can also drive dc motor and three phase induction of stepping motor.It's for NC machine tool upgrade and innovation has left a lot of space.The development tendency of ac servoWith the constant improvement of productive forces, the ac servo system will be sophisticated in the direction of the integration, intelligent and network .integrationBy using a single and multi-function control unit, the servo system can achieve position control and speed control function through the setting of software and constitute a half closed loop feedback unit configuration or full closed loop control system of high accuracy through the external interface composition.intelligentServer intelligent control mode, such as internal programming can achieve a certain trajectory in advance and control the surrounding IO port as well as the adjustment of master-slave's following with electronic CAM, etc.networkServer implementation is distributed by network.The server's modulation could be reconstructed with low cost .conclusionThe modern NC machine tool is developing rapidly in the direction of high speed and high precision.As the essential component of the NC machine tool,servo system has gradually equated to ac servo system which has several incomparable advantages compared with other servo systems. With the progress of the ac servo technology, it will gradually replace dc servo system overall.[参考文献][1]Tryling, David P.Simple servo uses.ProQuest Journal,2009.[2]J. Cao ;Z.W. Li ;Z.X. Meng.Development Of A Nc Servo System Based On Fuzzy Adaptive Control.Key engineering materials,2009.[3]Fusaomi&Nagata.Development of CAM system based on industrial robotic servo controller without using robot languag.Robotics andComputer Integrated Manufacturing,2013.[4]Mulan Wang Kaiyun Xu Chuan He Lei Zhou.Research on Servo System for CNC Machine Tool Driven by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Torque Motor.Materials Engineering and Automatic Control,2012[5]Xu, Kaiyun Li, Ning Lin, Jian He, Chuan.Development of linear servo control system for CNC machine tool based on DSP.International Conference on Mechatronic Science, Electric Engineering and Computer,2011第二作业:典型曲线数字积分法插补方法2.1目的数字积分插补方法是实现数控插补功能的重要方法之一。

哈工大液压大作业叉车解析

哈工大液压大作业叉车解析

2 叉车工作装置液压系统的设计要求及技术参数本例所设计叉车主要用于工厂中作业,要求能够提升5000kg的重物,最大垂直提升高度为2m,叉车杆和导轨的重量约为200kg,在任意载荷下,叉车杆最大上升(下降)速度不超过0.2m/s,要求速度可调以实现缓慢移动,并且具有良好的位置控制功能。

不论载荷大小,甚至在液压油源无法供油,油源到液压缸之间的液压管路出现故障等情况下,要求叉车杆能够锁紧在最后设定的位置。

当叉车杆在上升过程中,液压系统出现故障时,要求安全保护装置能够使负载下降。

所设计叉车提升装置示意图如图1-7所示。

图1-7 提升装置包含提升机构的支架必须设置一个能使其向后倾斜的装置,最大倾斜角为距垂直位置20º,最大扭矩为18000N·m,倾斜角速度应限制在1~2º/s之间,负载扭矩总是使支架回复到垂直位置。

倾斜装置示意图如图1-8所示。

图1-8 倾斜装置叉车工作装置液压系统可以由叉车发动机直接驱动液压泵来提供油源,以便节省叉车携带电动机,减少叉车附属设备。

液压系统需要设置合适的过滤器,液压油的工作温度应限定在合适的范围内。

叉车的工作环境温度一般为-10~45℃,可以工作在具有粉尘和沙粒的环境中,表1-1是某型叉车的技术参数。

本设计已知所设计液压系统的最大负载和最大速度,因此可根据系统的最大负载和最大速度来确定液压系统的主要参数,无须再对液压系统进行工况分析。

2.1 主要参数确定叉车工作装置液压系统包括起升液压系统和倾斜液压系统两个子系统,分别为起升液压缸和倾斜液压缸驱动,因此首先确定两个子系统执行元件的设计参数和系统的工作压力。

2.1.1 起升装置的参数确定由于起升液压缸仅在起升工作过程中承受负载,在下落工作过程中液压缸可在负载和液压缸活塞自重作用下自动缩回,因此可采用单作用液压缸做执行元件,如果把单作用液压缸的环形腔与活塞的另一侧连通,构成差动连接方式,因为活塞另一侧和环形面的压力相等,则液压缸的驱动力将由活塞杆的截面积决定。

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压力机液压系统设计1 明确液压系统设计要求设计一台压制柴油机曲轴轴瓦的液压机的液压系统。

轴瓦毛坯为长×宽×厚= 365×92×7.5(mm)的钢板,材料为08Al,并涂有轴承合金;压制成内经为Φ220mm的半圆形轴瓦。

液压机压头的上下运动由主液压缸驱动,顶出液压缸用来顶出工件。

其工作循环为主缸快速空程下行、慢速下压、快速回程、静止、顶出缸顶出及顶出缸回程。

液压机的结构形式为四柱单缸液压机。

2 分析液压系统工况液压机技术参数如下:(1)主液压缸(a)负载压制力。

压制时工作负载可区分为两个阶段。

第一阶段负载力缓慢地线性增加。

达到最大压制力的10%左右,其上升规律也近似于线性,其行程为90mm(压制总行程为110mm)第二阶段负载力迅速线性增加到最大压制力18×105N,其行程为20mm回程力(压头离开工件时的力):一般冲压液压机的压制力与回程力之比为5~10,本压机取为5,故回程力为F h = 3.6×105N 移动件(包括活塞、活动横梁及上模)质量=3058kg。

(b)行程及速度快速空程下行:行程S l = 200mm,速度v1=60mm/s;工作下压:行程S2 = 110mm,速度v2=6 mm/s。

快速回程:行程S3 = 310mm,速度v3=53 mm/s。

(2)顶出液压缸(a)负载:顶出力(顶出开始阶段)F d=3.6×105N,回程力F dh= 2×105N(b)行程及速度;行程L4 = 120mm,顶出行程速度v4=55mm/s,回程速度v5=120mm/s液压缸采用V型密封圈,其机械效率ηCm=0.91.压头起动、制动时间:0.2s设计要求。

本机属于中小型柱式液压机,有较广泛的通用性,除了能进行本例所述的压制工作外,还能进行冲孔、弯曲、较正、压装及冲压成型等工作。

对该机有如下性能要求。

(a)为了适应批量生产的需要应具有较高的生产率,故要求本机有较高的空程和回程速度。

(b)除上液压缸外还有顶出缸。

顶出缸除用以顶出工件外,还在其他工艺过程中应用。

主缸和顶出缸应不能同时动作,以防出现该动作事故。

(c)为了降低液压泵的容量,主缸空程下行的快速行程方式采用自重快速下行。

因此本机设有高位充液筒(高位油箱),在移动件快速空程下行时,主缸上部形成负压,充液筒中的油液能吸入主缸,以补充液压泵流量之不足。

(d)主缸和顶出缸的压力能够调节,压力能方便地进行测量。

(e)能进行保压压制。

(f)主缸回程时应有顶泄压措施,以消除或减小换向卸压时的液压冲击。

(g)系统上应有适当的安全保护措施。

3 确定液压缸的主要参数(1)初选液压缸的工作压力(a)主缸负载分析及绘制负载图和速度图液压机的液压缸和压头垂直放置,其重量较大,为防止因自重而下滑;系统中设有平衡回路。

因此在对压头向下运动作负载分析时,压头自重所产生的向下作用力不再计入。

另外,为简化问题,压头导轨上的摩擦力不计。

惯性力;快速下降时起动F az = m Δv Δt = 3058×0.0600.2 = 917N快速回程时起动与制动F as = m Δv Δt = 3058×0.0530.2 = 810N压制力:初压阶段由零上升到F 1 = 1.8×106N×0.10 = 1.8×105N终压阶段上升到F 2 = 1.8×106N循环中各阶段负载见表1.1,其负载图见图1.1 a 。

表1.1 主缸的负载计算运动分析:根据给定条件,空载快速下降行程200mm ,速度25mm/s 。

压制行程110mm ,在开始的90mm 内等速运动。

速度为6 mm/s ,最后的20mm 内速度均匀地减至零,回程以53mm/s 的速度上升。

利用以上数据可画出速度图,见图1.1b 。

图1.1 液压机主液压缸负载速度图(2)确定液压缸的主要结构参数根据有关资料,液压机的压力范围为20~30MPa,现有标准泵、阀的最高工作压力为32MPa,如选此压力为系统工作压力,液压元件的工作性能会不够稳定,对密封装置的要求以较高。

泄漏较大。

参考系列中现已生产的其它规格同类液压机(如63、100、200、300吨液压机)所采用的工作压力,本机选用工作压力为25×106Pa(a)主缸的内径DD =4Fηcmπp=4×1.8×1060.91×π×25×106= 0.317m = 317mm按标准取D = 320mm(b)主缸无杆腔的有效工作面积A1 = π4D2 =π4×0.322 = 0.0804m2 = 804cm2(c)主缸活塞杆直径dd = D2-4F hηcmπp= 0.322-4×3.6×1050.91×π×25×106= 0.287m = 287mm按标准值取d = 280mmD-d=320-280=40mm>允许值12.5mm(据有关资料,(D-d)小于允许值时,液压缸会处于单向自锁状态。

)(4)主缸有杆腔的有效工作面积A2 = π4(D2-d2)=π4×(0.322-0.282)= 0.01885m2 = 188.5cm2(d)主缸的工作压力活塞快速下行起动时p1 =Fηcm A1=9170.91×0.0804= 12533Pa初压阶段末p1 =Fηcm A1=1.8×1050.91×0.0804= 2.46×106Pa终压阶段末p1 =Fηcm A1=1.8×1060.91×0.0804= 24.6×106Pa活塞回程起动时p2 =Fηcm A2=3.6×1050.91×0.01885= 21×106Pa活塞等速运动时p2 =Fηcm A2=300000.91×0.01885= 1.75×106Pa回程制动时p2 =Fηcm A2=291900.91×0.01885= 1.7×106Pa(3)计算液压缸的工作压力、流量和功率(a)主缸的流量快速下行时q1 = A1v1 = 804×6 = 4824cm3/s = 289.4L/min工作行程时q2 = A2v2 = 804×0.6 = 482cm3/s = 28.9L/min快速回程时q3 = A3v3 = 183.5×5.3 = 999cm3/s = 59.9L/min(b)主缸的功率计算快速下行时(起动):P1 = p1q1 = 12533×4824×10-6 = 60.46W工作行程初压阶段末:P2 = p2q2 = 2.46×106×482×10-6 = 1186W终压阶段:此过程中压力和流量都在变化,情况比较复杂。

压力p 在最后20mm行程内由2.46MPa增加到24.6MPa,其变化规律为p = 2.46+24.6-2.4620S = 2.46+1.11S(MPa)式中S——行程(mm),由压头开始进入终压阶段算起。

流量q在20mm内由482cm3/s降到零,其变化规律为q = 482(1-S20)(cm3/s)功率为P = pq = 482×(2.46+1.11S)×(1-S 20)求其极值,∂P∂S= 0得S = 8.9(mm)此时功率P最大P max = 482×(2.46+1.11×8.9)×(1-8.920)= 3300.8W = 3.3kW快速回程时;等速阶段P = pq = 1.75×106×999×10-6 = 1.748kW起动阶段:此过程中压力和流量都在变化,情况也比较复杂。

设启动时间0.2秒内作等加速运动,起动阶段活塞行程为S = 0.5vt = 0.5×5.3×0.2 = 5.3mm在这段行程中压力和流量均是线性变化,压力p由21MPa降为1.75MPa。

其变化规律为p = 21-21-1.755.3S = 21-3.6S(MPa)式中S——行程(mm),由压头开始回程时算起。

流量q由零增为999cm3/s,其变化规律为q = 9995.3S = 188S(cm3/s)功率为P = pq = 188S(21-3.6S)求其极值,∂P∂S= 0得S = 2.9(mm),此时功率P最大P max= 188×2.9×(21-3.6×2.9)= 5755W = 5.76kW 由以上数据可画出主液压缸的工况图(压力循环图、流员循环图和功率循环图)见图1.2。

图1.2 主液压缸工况图(c)顶出缸的内径D dD d =4F dηcmπp=4×3.6×1060.91×π×25×106= 1419m = 142mm按标准取D d = 150mm(d)顶出缸无杆腔的有效工作面积A1dA1d = π4D d2 =π4×0.152 = 0.0177m2 = 177cm2(e)顶出缸活塞杆直径d dd d = D d2-4F dhηcmπp= 0.152-4×2×1050.91×π×25×106= 0.1063m = 106mm按标准取d d = 110mm(f)顶出缸有杆腔的有效工作面积A2dA2 d = π4(D d2-dd2)=π4×(0.152-0.112)= 0.00817m2 = 81.7cm2(g)顶出缸的流量顶出行程q4 = A1 d v4 = 177×5.5 = 973.5cm3/s = 58.4L/min回程q5 = A2 d v5 = 81.7×12 = 980cm3/s = 58.8L/min顶出缸在顶出行程中的负载是变动的,顶出开始压头离工件较大(负载为F d),以后很快减小,而顶出行程中的速度也是变化的,顶出开始时速度由零逐渐增加到v4;由于这些原因,功率计算就较复杂,另外因顶出缸消耗功率在液压机液压系统中占的比例不大,所以此处不作计算。

4 拟订液压系统原理图(1)确定液压系统方案液压机液压系统的特点是在行程中压力变化很大,所以在行程中不同阶段保证达到规定的压力是系统设计中首先要考虑的。

确定液压机的液压系统方案时要重点考虑下列问题:(a)快速行程方式液压机液压缸的尺寸较大,在快速下行时速度也较大,从工况图看出,此时需要的流量较大(289.4L/min),这样大流量的油液如果由液压泵供给;则泵的容量会很大。

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