中考英语总复习(构词法)词形转换.doc

副词+现在分词 副词+过

4.复合代词 动词+动词 介词+副词 副词+名词

far-seeing 有远见的 we I I -known 著名的

everyone somebody

nothi ng

maybe forever upsta i rs

downsta i rs

who Ie-hearted Iy

二派生词

★前缀

1. 一般情况，加前缀只改变词义，不改变词性

2.

能改变词性和词义的前缀

5.复合副词

形容词+名词

sometimes

英语中最常见的构词法：「合成法: Y 派生法: j 转化法: 由两个或两个以上的词合成新词 『前缀：加在单词前的词缀

后缀：加在单词后的词缀 「由一种词类转化为另一种词类 一合成词

A 由两个或两个以上的词合成新词，前一个词起修饰后一个词的作用。

B 合成词有的有连字符连接，有的不用。

C 合成词的词义通常能从单词表面看出来。 合成词的构成：

1.复合名词 名

词+名词 形容

词+名词 形容

词+分词 动词

+名词 副词+

名词 动词+副

词

2.复合动词

名词+动词 形容词+动词 副词+动词

basketba 丨I bedroom h i ghway bI ackboard good-looking pIayground

overcoat

break-in 闯入 get-together 聚会 babys i t sIeepwaIk whit ewash 粉刷 overcome 克月艮

3. 复合形容词 名词+形容词 形容词+名词 形容词+名词+ ed 形容词+形容词 数词+名词 数词+名词+形容词 worIdw i de fuI I-t ime part-t ime wh ite~ha i red bI ack-white 灰白的 four-hour

f i ve-year-oId

构词法，词形转换

（编辑整理by Luna ）

名词+过去分词

man-made

inventio n associat ion permissi collecti

on

solution

attentio

n

pronunciati

on

discussion

con

gratulation

pollution description

suggestion

situation

advertiseme

nt argument

2.变表示抽象名词

(1) + ion/ tion / sion / ation

donation/dodneijn /犒赠，赠送瀕款瀕赠物satisfaction满意；满足

(2) + merit

agreement appointment development environment

commitment equipment excitement

(3) + y/ty

safety popularity difficulty activity beauty

(4) +th

death growth truth youth wealth health length warmth

birth

(5) +ness

Ill-illness good-goodness busy-business kind-kindness dark-darkness happy-happiness sad-sadness great-greatness lonely-loneliness careful-carefulness

careless-carelessness friendly-friendliness tired-tiredness bitterness meaninglessness laziness weakness politeness rudeness

shyness ugliness sweetness cleverness selfishness

(6) +ance

appearance enter—entrance

(7) ship

friendship hardship 艰难；困苦leadership relationship leadership领导层；领导membership会员资格ownership物主身份；所有权scholarship学术，学识，奖学金sportsmanship运动员精神

(D+er

farmer worker teacher

waiter player reporter

runner owner foreigner

cleane winner engineer robber

waitress 女服务员 actress 女演

员

构成的新词与原词词义有联系

dancer photographer writer reader

programmer leader cooker 炊具

⑵+or

doctor visitor actor conductor inventor director translator professor monitor operator

donor 捐赠者，［医］供血者，输血着

(3) +ian

musician librarian veterinarian / vetari'nearisn /

(国籍；国人；语言)Australian

Canadian Indian Brazilian

America n

(4) +ist

artist pianist violinist scientist psychologist dentist

tourist journalist specialist terrorist/'tersnst/ 恐怖主义者；恐怖主义的 optometrist / up tomatrist /验光师，视力测定者

(5) + man

postman fisherman fireman milkman Englishman Frenchman

★后缀一般改变词性, T 变

名词

1.变表示职业的名词

interviewer 面试者;会见者;采访者 villager manager 注：

waiter 男服务员 actor 男

演员

singer listener speake r