JASO-C615-1989独立悬架球头台架试验规程

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JAPANESE AUTOMOBILE STANDARD JASO C615-89

Bench Test Procedures of Suspension
Ball Joint for Independent Type

1. Scope (8) Abrasive durability test
(9) Muddy water durability test
This standard specifies the bench test proce-
(IO)Dust cover ozone-deterioration test
dures relating to the ball joint employed in an
(11) Dust cover low temperature test
automotive suspension of independent type
(12) Dust cover heat resistance test
(hereinafter referred to as "ball joint").
Remarks: 1. This standard does not include a sus-
ension arm and its fastener. 4. Common Test Conditions
2. k this standard, units and numerical
values are based on SI (International (1) Unless otherwise specified, testing shall
System of Units!, while units and
numerical values given in { 1 are cus- be conducted in an atmosphere at the
tomary units system, and are given for room temperature.
reference.
(2) A test piece shall be mounted with
proper dimensions for the installation
2. Purpose
and a sufficiently rigid means shall be
This standard aims to standardize the test taken to the extent that the purpose of
procedures relating to the performance, testing might not be impaired.
strength and durability of the ball joints which (3) A mounting jig shall be so shaped as
are employed in a suspension of independent not to impair the purpose of testing.
type so as to obtain generalization of quality
evaluation.

3. Types of Testing

Oscillation angle test
Torque test
Rigidity test
Extrusion and drawing strength test
Ball stud static strength test
Dust cover drag strength test
Fatigue strength test

Applicable Standards: JIS K 6301-75 Physical Testing Methods for Vulcanized Rubber
JIS Z8901-74 Dusts and Aerosols for Indus

trial Testing
JASO 2 213-76 Glossary of Terms Relating to Steering Systems
of Automobiles
JASO C 715-88 Bench Test Procedures of Steering Ball Joint for
Rack and Pinion Type
Reference Standards: JASO C 710-87 Test Code of Strength and Rigidity for Steering
Column
JASO F 981-70 Ball Studs and Sockets
JASO M 322-85 Heat Aging and Low Temperature Tests for
Automotive Rubber Parts
JASO Z 204-84 Glossary of Terms to Suspension of Automobiles
SAE J 193 SEP 79 Ball Stud and Socket Assembly Test Procedure

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JAS0 C615-89

5. Ball Joint Test Method (2)Test conditions
5.1 Oscillation Angle Test (a) Measuring direction: As shown in Fig.
1, measurements shall be taken in
This test shall be conducted to evaluate the Direction A and in Direction B right-
oscillation angle of a ball joint as follows: angled to Direction A from the posi-
(1) Test setup tion at which the ball stud stands
As shown in Fig. 1, mount the ball joint vertically.
onto a jig. (3)Testing steps
(a) To determine the oscillation angle,
use a measuring instrument as
shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 1

B

t

A

Oscillation angle

k-----Y

Fig. 2

Goniometer

Normal dimensions
for installation

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JAS0 C615-89

As shown in Fig. 3, an oscillation angle interfere with any part but a stable
is so related with an oscillation torque service torque is available.
that the torque may rise at the end of Note: ('1 Oscillatable angle may be taken
as the maximu oscillation angle
oscillation. An angle up to the starting as agreed b e a e n both parties
point of such rising torque, therefore, concerned to delivery.
shall be taken tactually as the maxi-
mum oscillation angle. 5.2 Torque Test

This test shall be conducted to evaluate the
(4) Measurement items and records rotating and oscillating torques of a balljoint
(See Fig. 3) -as follows:
(a) Oscillation angle ('1: (1) Test setup
An oscillation angle mechanically As shown in Fig. 4, for instance, mount
osciI I atabI e the ball joint onto the jig. To determine
(b) Maximum oscillation angle: a torque, use a torque gauge or any
Maximum uniformly oscillatable measuring instrument that may satisfy
angle at which the ball stud does not the test conditions specified in 5.2 (*l.

Fig. 3

Oscillation angle
7
Maximum
oscillation angle

Rise

- 4 Oscillation angle

- 1 -
Jr
Torque

Fig. 4

A

Static load on application vehiclesí21 Static load on
I R ; application vehiclesiz)
I A
. .
v i
I l
Rotation V I
c-2 Osillation
-
Normal dimensions
for installation

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JAS0 C615-89

(2) Test conditions
Table 1: Test Conditions

Measurement Item .Rotatingtorque iN * m){kgf m) Oscillating torque (N- m) {kgf - m l

Measure the torques upon recipro- Measurethe torque upon recipro-
Measuring method cally rotating at the position where cally oscillating in directions A and B
the ball stud stands vertically as from the position where the ball stud
shown in Fig. 4. stands vertically as shown inFig. 4.

Static load on application
vehicles(2)

Within f40" or bemeen maximum Within k2V or between maximum
Measuring range
steering angles oscillation angles

Measuring rate

Atmospheric temperature

Note 12) Tensile or compressive load in an axial direction loaded onto a ball joint when a static load is applied
on a vehicle.

(3) Testing procedures

it is, initial start-up and service torques
Giving five (5) osciilations up to the shall be measured. Then, giving five (5)
maximum oscillation angle to the ball oscillations with the maximum oscilla-
stud, as well as five (5) positive-reverse tion angle and five (5) positive-reverse
360" reciprocal rotations before taking 360" reciprocal rotations, start-up and
measurements, leaving for 24 hours as service torques shall be measured.

Fig. 5 Torque - Angle Curve

Start-up torque

\Service torque

i z- Oscillation angle

\Start

Torque \Service torque

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JAS0 C615-89

(4) Measurement items and records to the axis shall be measured upon
Test conditions referred to in (2) loading the static load(*) on an appli-
Torque - angle curve(3) (see Fig. 5) cation vehicles.
Start-up torque Note: (5) Specified applicable load value
shall be determined upon agreed
Service torques between the both parties con-
(maximum, minimum and average = cerned to delivery.
max. + min.)(4) (31 Test Steps
(a) A test piece shall be left for 24 hours
2
or more after completion of the
Note : (3) When the torque values are
directly readwith a torque wrench, assembly.
this item may be omitted. (b) After loaded upto the specified value
(4) In case of measurements by u

sing
a torque wrench, stable values are of load in one (11 cycle, the specified
taken as average values for the loads (5) shall be applied in both
representation, while the maxi-
mum and minimum values may tensile and compressive directions.
be omitted. Then the displacements of the ball
stud shall be measured.
5.3 Rigidity Test (4) Measurement items and record

This test shall be conducted to evaluate the (a) Loads - displacement curves (see
rigidity of a ball joint as follows: Fig. 7)
(1) Test setup (b) Specified load and displacement
As shown in Fig. 6, for instance, mount amount
the ball joint onto the jig. 5.4 Extrusion and Drawing Strength Test
(2) Test Conditions This test shall be conducted to evaluate the
(a) Loads: With the ball stud vertically breaking strength of a socket body or a caulked
standing, apply tensile and compres- portion of a ball joint as follows:
sive loads to the ball stud both axi-
(1) Test setup
ally and rectangularly to the axis up As shown in Fig. 8, mount the ball joint
to the specified load valueJ5) The onto the jig.
rigidity in the direction rectangular

Fig. 6

Load in axial direction Static load in application vehicle(*)
I A
I l

I c i

Normal dimension
for installation
I

Load right-angled
i to the axis

w

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JAS0 C615-89

(2)Test conditions (4) Measurement items and records
(a) Load directions: Extrusion and draw- (a) Load - displacement curve (see Fig.
ing directions 9)
(b) Load:O through breakdown (N){kgf} (b) Maximum load (for extrusion and
(3)Test procedures drawing)
Mounting the ball joint onto the jig, (c) Condition of breakdown.
apply the load to the bail stud.

Fig. 7 Loads - Displacement Curve

Load

b

Specified load

Displacement *H+Displacement
amount

t

Fig. 8

Extrusion Drawing

Load Load

i t

Fig. 9 Load - Displacement Curve

Load 1 Maximum load

Displacement

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JAS0 C615-89

5.5 Static Strength Test of Ball Stud rectangular to the axis. Preferably the
parties concerned should mutually
This test shall be conducted to evaluate the
agree upon the jig's material and hard-
strength of a ball stud of a ball joint in the
ness, as well as the tightening torque
direction rectangular to the axis as follows:
of the nut, all of which may affect the
(1) Test setup
test result.
As shown in Fig. 10, mount the ball

stud onto the jig.
(4) Measurement items and records
(2) Test conditions
(a) Load - displacement curve (see
(a) Load direction: Direction rectangu-
Fig. 11)
lar to the axis of a bail stud.
(b) Yield load
(b) Load:O to the maximum load (NI
(c) Maximum load
(kgf1
(d) Condition of deformatiodbreak-
(31 Test procedures
down.
Fixing the ball stud onto the jig, apply
the load to the ball stud in the direction

Fig. 10

Load

Normal dimension

Fig. 11 Load-DisplacementCurve

Yield load

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JAS0 C615-89

5.6 Dust Cover Drag Strength Test (4) Measurement items and records
This test shall be conducted to evaluate the (a) Load - displacement curve (see
Fig. 13)
drag strength of a dust cover fixed onto a
socket body of a ball joint as follows: (b) Drawing or breaking load of dust
cover.
(1) Test setup
As shown in Fig. 12, mount the dust (c) State of drawing or breakdown.

cover onto the socket body after in-
stalled the drawing jig. 5.7 Fatigue Strength Test

(2) Test conditions This test shall be conducted to evaluate the
(a) Load direction: Drawing direction of fatigue strength of a socket body and of a
a dust cover ball stud of a ball joint as follows:
(b) Load: O to a point at which the dust (1) Test setup
cover is pulled out of the socket body As shown in F

ig. 14, mount the ball
or broken. (NI (kgf1 joint onto the jig. The mounting angle,
(3) Test procedures however, may be determined upon
Fixing the socket body, apply the load agreed between both parties concerned
to the drawing jig being installed onto to delivery as required.
the dust cover.

Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Load- Displacement Curve

Load

Drawing or breaking

Displacement

Fig. 14

Direction axial to Direction rectangular
ball stud's axis to ball stud's axis
Load

5

Normal dimension
for installation

Load
-

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JAS0 C615-89

(2) Test conditions (3) Test procedures
Load direction: Directions axial(6) and Fixing the ball joint onto the jig, apply
rectangular to the axis of a ball stud. repeated loads to the ball stud.
Repeated load: A load shall be (4) Measurement items and records
applied three (3) or more stages as (a) Test conditions specified in (2)
agreed upon between both parties above.
concerned to delivery. (b) Load - repetitive cycle curve (see
Repetitive speed: 3 to 15 Hz Fig. 15)
Testing frequency: Repeated cycles (c) Broken portion and breaking
up to breakdown or specified num- behavior
ber of cycles(7). (d) Any other possible abnormality
Provided, number of cycles with a
minimum load shall be IO6o

r more. 5.8 Abrasive Durability Test
Note: Necessity of a test with loads to
be applied axially shall be This test shall be conducted to evaluate the
determined as agreed upon be- abrasion durability of a ball joint as follows:
tween both parties concerned to
delivery. (1) Test setup
(’) The specified number of cycles As shown in Fig. 16, mount the ball
shall be determined as agreed
upon between both parties con- joint onto the jig.
cerned to delivery.

Fig. 15 Load- Repetitive Cycle Curve

Load!

(106 or more cycles)

Fig. 16

Oscillation

Rotation

Load along with rectangular
direction to the axis

4
Load along with axial direction

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JAS0 C615-89

(2) Test conditions consider to provide an appropriate
(a) Oscillation angle: f20" or 80% and cooling method (e.g. air cooling, etc.)
above of the vehicle's designed maxi- or sufficient time for cooling off be-
mum oscillation angle (bump-re- tween tests.
bound) (4) Measurement items and records
(b) Oscillation repeating ratet?: 1to 3 (a) Test conditions as specified in (2)
Hz above.
(c) Rotation angle: f40° or 80% and (b) Initiai and post-test torques as
above of the vehicle's maximum specified in 5.2.
steering angle (c) Initial and post-test rigidity as
(d) Rotation repeating rate(*): 0.3to 1Hz specified in 5.3.
(e) Load along with rectangular direc- (d) After comp

letion of the test, disas-
tion to the axis: To be agreed upon semble and check the ball seat and
between both parties concerned to the ball stud for possible abrasion.
delivery. And make certain that the grease has
(f) Load along with axial direction: To been properly sealed.
be agreed upon between both par- (e) Any other possible abnormality
ties concerned to delivery.
(g) Load repeating rate(8):0.1 to 1 Hz 5.9 Muddy Water Durability Test
(h) Test cycles: IO6 and above in oscil- This test shall be conducted to evaluate the
lation cycles
sealing property of a ball joint as follows:
(i)Atmospheric temperature: According (1) Test setup
to Table 1 in 5.2 (2) above.
Note: (*) The applicable combination of the As shown in Fig. 17, mount the ball
test conditions shall be deter- joint onto the jig with the mounting
mined upon agreed upon between direction along with the condition in
both parties concerned to deliv-
ery. the application vehicle. The dimensions
(3) Test procedures and shape of the jig and roughness of
(a) Carry out testing under a certain fixed sealing faces shall be similar to those
combination selected from the test of the application vehicle. The sealed
conditions referred to in (2)above. and caulked portions of the dust cover
(b) Since the bail joint may generate heat of the ball joint shall be so arranged
depending on the test condition that muddy water is splashed over such
applied, it should be necessary to portions.

Fig. 17

Oscillation

Rotation

Muddy water

Load rectangular

J
Axial load

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JAS0 C615-89

(2) Test conditions concerned to delivery shall agree
Oscillation angle: Same as 5.8 (2)(a) upon whether a new article or an
Oscillation repeating rate(% Same ozone-deteriorated article is to be
as 5.8 (2) (b) evaluated.
Turning angle: Same as 5.8 (2)(c) Note The applicable combination of the
test conditions shall be determined
Turning repeating rate(% Same as upon agreed between both parties
concerned to delivery.
5.8 (2)(d) (lo) A ball joint ofsuch constructionof
Load along with rectangular direc- which the sealing properties may
tion to the axis: Normally, no load(lo) be affected from a load (where a
pre-load is partially held by
Load along with axial direction: Nor- caulking or the like)shall be loaded
mally, no load(lO) under the same conditions as
those specified in 5.8 (2) (e) and
Load repeating rate(9: Same as 5.8 5.8 (2) (O.
(2) (91 (3) Test steps
Muddy water: 50 grams of the test- Same as 5.8 (31.
ing Dust Type 8 as specified in JIS (4) Measurement items and records
2 8901 (Dusts and Aerosols for In- (a) Test conditions referred to in (2)
dustrial Testing) mixed with one (1) (b) Examination for water immersion
litre of water.
(c) Examination for abnormal condition
Rate of water to be poured(s): 0.5 to of sealed grease
3 litres per minute. (d) Abrasive condition on sealed parts
Water pouring cycle(s): Pour

water
every 30 minutes through 1hour. A 5.10 Ozone - Deterioration Test of Dust
drying time shall be three times of Cover
the pouring time. And both shall
make up one cycle. This test shall be conducted to evaluate the
Number of testing cycles: The both ozone - deterioration of a dust cover on a ball
parties concerned to delivery shall joint as follows:
agree upon the number of testing (11 Test setup
cycle including the water pouring For reference, see 16.3.2 in Ozonizer JIS
cycles. K 6301 (Physical Testing Methods for
Test specimen: The both parties Vulcanized Rubber).

Fig. 18

I I

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JAS0 C615-89

(2) Test conditions (b) Upon leaving in the environmental
(a) Ozone concentration: 50 to 100 pphm tank under the conditions specified
(b) Atmospheric temperature: 40+2"C in (2),as shown in Fig. 20, rapidly
(c) Exposure time: 72 hours apply six (6) or more strokes with
(3) Test procedures the maximum oscillation angle of the
(a) As shown in Fig. 18,fix the dust cover ball joint as well as six (6) or more
onto the jig, giving the maximum strokes with the vehicle's designed
oscillation angle of the ball joint and maximum steering angle or the ro-
leave in the ozonizer. tation angle of f40" in the tank in
(b) Carry out the test under a certain principle.
condition within the range of the test (4) Measurement items and records
conditions specified in (2). (a) Test conditions specified in (2)
(4) Measurement items and records (b) Examination for cracks
(a) Test conditions specified in (2) (c) Any other possible abnormality
(b) Deterioration behaviour as specified
in 16.4.6 of JIS K6301. 5.12 Heat Resistance Test of Dust Cover
(cl Any other possible abnormality
This test shall be conducted to e

valuate the
heat resistance of a dust cover on a balljoint
5.11 Low Temperature Test of Dust Cover
as follows:
This test shall be conducted to evaluate the (1) Test setup
low temperature resistance of a dust cover of Environmental tank
a ball joint as follows: (2)Test conditions
(1) Test setup (a) Exposure temperature: 70°C and
Environmental tank above
(2)Test conditions (b) Exposure time: 70 hours or more
(a) Exposure temperature: -4Ok2OC (3) Test procedures
(b) Exposure time: 5 hours and above (a) As shown in Fig. 19, mount the dust
(3) Test procedures cover onto the jig and let the ball
(a) As shown in Fig. 19,fix the dust cover stud vertically stand up.
onto the jig and let the ball stud ver- (b) Upon leaving in the environmental
tically stand up. tank under the conditions specified

Fig. 19 Fig. 20

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JAS0 C615-89

in (2) above, expose the ball joint ing angle or the rotation angle of
for three hours or longer at the room lt40'.
temperature. Thereafter, as shown in (4) Measurement items and records
Fig. 20, rapidly apply six (6) or more (a) Test conditions specified in (2).
strokes with the maximum oscilla- (b) Examination for cracks
tion angle of the ball joint as well as (c) Examinationfor grease leakage from
six (6) or more strokes with the the caulked and sealed portions
vehicle's designed maximum steer- (d) Any other possible abnormality

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JASO C615-89

Explanatory Note
on
JASO C 615-89 Bench Test Procedures of Suspension Ball Joint for
Independent Type

The following descriptions will be given for 5.2 Torque Test
supplemental explanation. (The numbers of
items are the same with those in the T

ext). (1) Test setup
A torque may be measured by using ei-
ther a measuring device or a torque
3. Types of Testing
wrench, any of which is available. The
Explanatory Table 1. is given, comparing this latter is commonly applied allowing
standard with JASO C 715-88 and SAE J 193 easy measurements regardless sizes of
SEP 79 in relation to the testing methods. test pieces. However since the meas-
urement error is liable to find in this
5. Ball Joint Test Method method, it is preferably recommended
5.1 Oscillation Angle Test to use an appropriate measuring device
if a detailed record is required. When a
(3)Test procedures friction torque of a spherical surface of
(a) The way of taking the oscillation a ball stud is taken as the torque of a
angle was taken as the same method ball joint excluding a torque generated
with that specified in Fig. 2 of 6.1 (3) in a dust cover, a determination shall
(a) in JASO C 715. be agreed upon between both parties
concerned to delivery.

Explanatory Table 1. A comparison of JASO C 615-89 with JASO C 715-88 and
SAE J 193 SEP 79 in Terms of Testing Methods

JASO C 615-89 JASO C 715-88 SAE J 193SEP 79

Oscillation angle test Oscillation angle test -

Torque test Torque test Rotating and oscillating test of ball
stud

Axial direction movement test of ball
Rigidity test Rigidity test stud

Extrusion and drawing strength test I Extrusion and drawing strength test I Cam out strength test of ball stud
Bali stud static strength test I Ball stud static streng

th test I Bali stud yield load test
Dust cover drag strength test I - I -
Fatigue strength test I Fatigue strength test I -

Service temperature abrasive Ball stud assembly fatigue and wear
Abrasive durability test durability test 1 test

Muddy water durability test Muddywater durability test (Durability test with a solution
mixture of brine and dust)

Dust cover ozone-deterioration test Dust cover ozone-deterioration test (Durabilin/test in an Ozone
atmosphere)

Dust cover low temperature test I Dust cover low temperature test I -
Dust cover heat resistance test 1 Dust cover heat resistance test 1 {Durability test with steam)

Remark: The test conditions parenthesized have not been described concretely.

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JAS0 C615-89

As types of static loads on application poses. The initial measurement shall be
vehicles, an compressive load as shown made mainly for the evaluation of a stick-
in Explanatory Fig. 1and a tensile load ing torque and the post-operation meas-
as shown in Explanatory Fig. 2 are in- urement mainly for the evaluation of a
volved. service torque.
Explanatory Fig. 3 shows an example Furthermore if measurements for both
of a measuring device for determina- an osciilating and a rotating torque are
tion of rotating and oscillating torques taken with a same test specimen, at least
by applying a load onto an axial direc- 24 hours interval shall be given between
tion of a ball stud of a ball joint. both measurements accordingto the test
(31 Test procedures procedure as indicated in the Text.
To eliminate an uneven effect of grease
after assembling, the bail joint shall be 5.3 Rigidity Test
run-in before measuring. In addition, the
(3)Test procedures

ball joint shall be left as it is for at least
24 hours so as to eliminate effects of (a) In order to stabilize the running-in of
running-in of plastic parts as well as to plastic parts, the ball joint shall be
make sure of solidification effects of the used for the test specimen which has
lubricant.SAE takes 48 hours for the pur- been left as it is for at least 24 hours

Explanatory Fig. l Explanatory Fig. 2

r-l
n

Explanatory Fig. 3

Rotation

Normal dimension

icillation

JI
Static load on application vehicle

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JASO C615-89

after assembling. SAE takes 48 hours the same hardness as those of the
for this purpose. The time left for application vehicle. Itis preferableto si-
the stabilization may be omitted for multaneously replace along with the ball
such a ball joint constructed of joint.
metallic materials which is free from On the other hand, in the case of loads
a secular change. along with the axial direction of the ball
stud, the jig on the other end to which
5.4 Extrusion and Drawing Strength Test the socket is mounted shall have the
same constraint condition as those of
(4) Measurement items and records
the application vehicle for the opening
(a) Load - displacement curve: Various
or caulked portion of the socket.
different features are represented
(2)Test conditions
according to constructions of ball
(c) Repeating rate
joi

nts. Peculiarities appeared in a Since an exothermic behavior will be
process lead to the maximum load
arisen under high frequency in this
shall be preferably analyzed, if nec-
test, the rate in the order of 3to 15
essary, in comparison with the ball Hz was taken.
joint's warking conditions. (See
Explanatory Fig. 4)
5.9 Muddy Water Durability Test

5.5 Static Strength Test of Ball Stud Test setup
The mounting condition and direction
(4) Measurement items and records
of the ball joint shall be determined in
ta) Load - displacement curve: Various
such manner similar to the application
different features are represented
vehicle upon considering conditions
according to materials of ball studs,
conditions for heat treatment and so suck as drip, etc. when muddy water is
splashed.
forth. Peculiarities appeared in a proc-
Test conditions
ess lead to the maximum load shall
The test conditions have been defined
be preferably analyzed, if necessary,
upon referring to the requirements
in comparison with the ball joint's
specified in 6.8 (2) of JASO C 715.
working conditions.
However, in SAE J 193, a condition of
continuously spraying muddy water of
5.7 Fatigue Strength Test
0.15 kg mixed in 50% saturated salt
(1) Test setup water of four (4) litres is specified.
In the case of loads along with the Accordingly, necessity of addition of
direction rectangular to the ball stud's salinity shall be determined upon agreed
axis, the jig on the other end of the ball between both

parties concerned to
stud shall have the same materials with delivery.

Explanatory Fig. 4 Example of Load - Displacement Curve

e
Load

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JAS0 C615-89

5.11 Low Temperature Test of Dust Cover 5.12 Heat Resistance Test of Dust Cover

(3) Test procedures (3)Test procedures
(b) The minimum number of stroke shall (b) The minimum number of stroke shall
be taken as six (61, and a further re- be taken as six (6)cycles, and a fur-
quirement for number of stroke shall ther requirement for number of
be determined upon agreed between stroke shall be determined upon
both parties concerned to delivery. agreed between both parties con-
cerned to delivery.

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JAS0 C615-89

Inthe event of any doubt, the original
standards inJapanese should be referred.

: SECOND PHASED STANDARD

(The standard where customary units and converted values are given

in brackets after values of SI units.)

Established by the Standard Council of JSAE

Date of Establishment: 1989-3-31
Sub Committee inwhich the draft was made: SCof Suspension ball joint test
Technical Committee under which the draft was discussed: TC of Chassis

Investigating Committee: Standard Committee under the Standard Council

Published by

TheSocietv ofAutomotive Engineers of Japan, Inc.

10-2, Goban-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan

This printed matter has been prepared with financial
support from the Japan Auto-Race Organization.