第17章 分子标记辅助选择
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with a long generation time – Reduce number of generations in a backcrossing program by
selecting for recovery of the recurrent parent genome as well as genes of interest from the donor parent
Pyramid genes for a single trait that could not otherwise be distinguished at the phenotypic level
– Accumulating multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease resistance may provide a higher level of resistance and/or more durable resistance to changes in the pathogen population
GWS)
– Select for breeding values summed across many markers without estimation of QTL
(1) selection without test crossing or a progeny test; (2) selection independent of environments; (3) selection without laborious fieldwork or intensive laboratory work; (4) selection at an earlier breeding stage; (5) selection for multiple genes and/or multiple traits; (6) whole genome selection.
– from a combination of phenotypic value and marker information
4) Marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) 5) Marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) 6) Genomic Selection or Genome-wide Selection (GS or
第十七章 分子标记辅助选择
第一节 分子标记辅助选择的基本原理 第二节 质量性状的标记辅助选择 第三节 数量性状的标记辅助选择 第四节 分子标记辅助选择的挑战与发展策略
传统的育种主要是根据植株的表现型进行选 择,而环境条件、基因间互作、基因型与环境互作 等多种因素都会影响表型选择效率。
育种者在长期的实践中不断探索运用遗传标记 来提高育种的选择效率与育种预见性。遗传标记包 括形态学标记、细胞学标记、生化标记与分子标记 。
Tester M & Langridge Breeding technologies to increase crop production in a changing world. Science,2010,V 327:818-822
共显性 DNA 标 记的辅 助选择 原理
抗性供体
m
×
R
受体
M S
以DNA多态性为基础的分子标记,目前已在作 物遗传图谱构建、重要农艺性状基因的标记定位、 种质资源的遗传多样性分析与品种指纹图谱及纯度 鉴定等方面得到广泛应用,尤其是分子标记辅助选 择(molecular marker-assisted selection , MAS )育种更受到人们的重视。
第一节 分子标记辅助选择的基本原理
1、概念:
通过基因定位找到与目标基因紧密连锁的分子标记后, 可通过该分子标记间接地对目标性状进行选择。此法称 分子标记辅助选择(Molecular Assistant Selection, MAS )。
MAS 是育种中的一个诱人领域, 将给传统的育种研究 带来革命性的变化。MAS 主要应用在有利基因的转移和 基因的累加等方面。
1) Phenotypic selection (PS)
– based on phenotypic value
2) Marker-based selection (MBS)
– from markers that represent QTL or Biblioteka Baidure linked to QTL
3) Marker-assisted selection (MAS)
– Greatest potential advantage over phenotypic selection for traits with low penetrance or low heritability
May reduce population sizes needed for phenotypic selection
– May permit selection of individual plants
May speed up the breeding process
– May be effective for early generation testing – Selections at the seedling stage can be a great advantage in crops
目的基因与标记连锁(交换值为r)
亲本中的标记带型
mM RS
×
F1中的标记带型 F2群体中3种标记带型
RR (1-r)2 0.9025
RS 2r(1-r) 0.095
SS r2 0.0025
当 r=0.05 时 , 根 据 标 记 基 因 型 mm选择目的基因型RR,选错的 概率约为0.10
Definitions
2、Most suitable for MAS
Useful if conventional screening methods are laborious, costly, or environmentally dependent
– Selections for disease and insect resistance can be made in the absence of the pathogen or pest
selecting for recovery of the recurrent parent genome as well as genes of interest from the donor parent
Pyramid genes for a single trait that could not otherwise be distinguished at the phenotypic level
– Accumulating multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease resistance may provide a higher level of resistance and/or more durable resistance to changes in the pathogen population
GWS)
– Select for breeding values summed across many markers without estimation of QTL
(1) selection without test crossing or a progeny test; (2) selection independent of environments; (3) selection without laborious fieldwork or intensive laboratory work; (4) selection at an earlier breeding stage; (5) selection for multiple genes and/or multiple traits; (6) whole genome selection.
– from a combination of phenotypic value and marker information
4) Marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) 5) Marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) 6) Genomic Selection or Genome-wide Selection (GS or
第十七章 分子标记辅助选择
第一节 分子标记辅助选择的基本原理 第二节 质量性状的标记辅助选择 第三节 数量性状的标记辅助选择 第四节 分子标记辅助选择的挑战与发展策略
传统的育种主要是根据植株的表现型进行选 择,而环境条件、基因间互作、基因型与环境互作 等多种因素都会影响表型选择效率。
育种者在长期的实践中不断探索运用遗传标记 来提高育种的选择效率与育种预见性。遗传标记包 括形态学标记、细胞学标记、生化标记与分子标记 。
Tester M & Langridge Breeding technologies to increase crop production in a changing world. Science,2010,V 327:818-822
共显性 DNA 标 记的辅 助选择 原理
抗性供体
m
×
R
受体
M S
以DNA多态性为基础的分子标记,目前已在作 物遗传图谱构建、重要农艺性状基因的标记定位、 种质资源的遗传多样性分析与品种指纹图谱及纯度 鉴定等方面得到广泛应用,尤其是分子标记辅助选 择(molecular marker-assisted selection , MAS )育种更受到人们的重视。
第一节 分子标记辅助选择的基本原理
1、概念:
通过基因定位找到与目标基因紧密连锁的分子标记后, 可通过该分子标记间接地对目标性状进行选择。此法称 分子标记辅助选择(Molecular Assistant Selection, MAS )。
MAS 是育种中的一个诱人领域, 将给传统的育种研究 带来革命性的变化。MAS 主要应用在有利基因的转移和 基因的累加等方面。
1) Phenotypic selection (PS)
– based on phenotypic value
2) Marker-based selection (MBS)
– from markers that represent QTL or Biblioteka Baidure linked to QTL
3) Marker-assisted selection (MAS)
– Greatest potential advantage over phenotypic selection for traits with low penetrance or low heritability
May reduce population sizes needed for phenotypic selection
– May permit selection of individual plants
May speed up the breeding process
– May be effective for early generation testing – Selections at the seedling stage can be a great advantage in crops
目的基因与标记连锁(交换值为r)
亲本中的标记带型
mM RS
×
F1中的标记带型 F2群体中3种标记带型
RR (1-r)2 0.9025
RS 2r(1-r) 0.095
SS r2 0.0025
当 r=0.05 时 , 根 据 标 记 基 因 型 mm选择目的基因型RR,选错的 概率约为0.10
Definitions
2、Most suitable for MAS
Useful if conventional screening methods are laborious, costly, or environmentally dependent
– Selections for disease and insect resistance can be made in the absence of the pathogen or pest