广西大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试试题
2019广西大学 810经济学真题回忆版
2019广西大学810经济学真题回忆版
一、名词解释
1、支持价格
2、消费者剩余
3、规模经济
4、自然失业率
5、内生增长需求
6、国际收支平衡表
二、简答题
1、垄断竞争市场中厂商的价格和产量的确定
2、边际收益替代率递减规律与提高技术导致的生产率提高之间的关系，边际收益替代率递减规律在现实中的体现
3、外部影响与市场失灵的关系
4、在不同的总供给曲线下，总需求的变动对价格水平
和国民收入的影响
5、简介供给管理政策
三、计算题
第一、求总需求函数
第二、求总需求与总供给均衡时的价格第三、是否达到充分就业
四、论述题
论述社会主义的本质和根本任务。
2019年广西医科大学真题
2019年广西医科大学研究生考试（公共卫生综合试题）
一.选择题
60道
二.名词解释
1.R N I推荐膳食摄入量
2.食物中毒
3.生物地球化学病
4.挥发性盐基总氮
5.B i o m a r k e r o f e f f e c t
6.听谷
7.环境内分泌干扰物
8.C o f o u n d i n g f a c t o r
9.介水传染病
10.领先时间偏移
11.克山病
12.肢段溶骨症
三.问答题
1.常见的营养膳食调查法都有哪些？特点是什么？
2.试叙述糖尿病患者的营养治疗原则？
3.大气颗粒物对健康会产生什么影响？
4.环境流行病学的定义和环境流行病学都常用哪些研究方法？
5.流行病学研究中常用哪些抽样方法？
6.病例对照中会产生哪些偏移？
7.影响矽肺发病因素都有哪些？
8.试叙述一氧化碳中毒和氢化氰中毒为什么都能使皮肤粘膜变粉红色的机制
四.论述题
1.2016年发布的中国膳食指南比2007有什么新内容增加，他们的区别是什么？
2.设计调查，证明某地区水质与癌症发病的关系
3.筛查的串联并联的列表的整理，计算灵敏度，特异度，漏诊率，误诊率，正确指数
4.有机磷农药和拟草虫菊酯类农药和氨基甲酸酯类农药的中毒机制和临床表现和处理原则有哪些异同点。
2019年考研广西大学翻译硕士初试真题回忆版
2019年广西大学翻译硕士初试真题回忆版汉语写作与百科三大题型一、百科填空（25题/50分）（1）黄梅戏是哪个省份的戏种？（2）唐代《茶经》的作者是？（3）英国最长的河流是？（4）美国最大的州和最小的州分别是阿拉斯加州和？（5）“师夷长技以制夷”的提出者是谁？（6）最早的宪法是什么？它是不成文的宪法，（7）“爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏”指的是哪个节日？（8）IMF的中文名称是什么？（9）《白雪公主》《灰姑娘》等出自哪部童话故事？（10）金婚是指多少周年？（11）“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”是哪个思想家说的？（12）相传八卦由谁首创？（13）“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”中御指的是什么？（14）我国第一部诗歌总集是什么？（15）《基督山伯爵》的作者是谁？（16）美国现任总统特朗普是属于哪个党派？（17）印度的国鸟是什么？（18）著名的赵州桥始建于哪个朝代？（19）《雪绒花》是哪部影片的主题曲？（20）华佗被谁所杀害？（21）“挥一挥衣袖，不带走一片云彩”是谁的诗句？（22）歌剧起源于哪个国家？（23）还有一个关于什么天道相生的是出自哪部著作？（不太记得了）还有两个不记得了，欢迎补充！！！二、应用文（40分）假如你是外国语学院英语183班的代表学生，先让你代表全班向学院学生工作组以公文的形式写一封关于秋游的申请书，不少于300字。
三、作文（60分）关于中美贸易战的，美国步步紧逼，极限施压，中国频频接招，有理有据以“中美贸易战与我”从原因、影响与对我的启示写一篇不少于800字的作文英语翻译基础一、中英互译（每题各30个，共60个，共60分）E-C(1)fencing(2)integrated circuit(3)endowment position(4)expected benefit(5)dominant strategy(6)alumni association(7)commencement ceremony(8)Al Mater(9)Kyoto agreement(10)equestrian sport(11)artificial intelligence(12)central processing unit(13)procedural language(14)operating instruction(15)squash(16)archery(17)volcanic topography(18)Pentagon(19)Star spangled banner(20)acid midst(21)fossil fuel(22)car exhaust(23)spiked crown(24)land subsidence(25)Empire State Building(26)comparative advantage(27)figure swimming还有三个想不起来了，欢迎补充！！！C-E（1）虚假信息（2）“一带一路”空间信息走廊（3）中国国际进口博览会（4）国际货币基金组织（5）贸易顺差（6）联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（7）网络囤积（8）电动汽车（9）反全球化（10）电子竞技（11）欧元区（12）新兴市场（13）零碳技术（14）实名制（15）偷拍（16）生物技术（17）集装箱港口码头（18）精密传感器（19）正当防卫（20）主流政党（21）自助出境通关（22）古装剧（23）开源软件（24）国内需求（25）还有一个什么世界杯还有好多个想不起来啦，欢迎补充！！！二、篇章翻译（1）E-C（我在网上找到了原文）（2）C-E（来自国务院总理李克强出席第19次东盟与中日韩（10+3）领导人会议的讲话，有所删减修改）当前，世界经济复苏艰难曲折，国际金融市场动荡不稳，全球贸易持续低迷，保护主义明显抬头，经济全球化阻力上升；国际安全形势不容乐观，局部冲突和地区热点问题交织，恐怖主义、难民危机等非传统安全威胁凸显，成为国际社会共同面临的挑战。
2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷) .doc
2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：食品科学、粮食油脂及蛋白质工程、食品工程考试科目名称及代码：食品化学（826）考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
一、名词解释（每题2.5分，共10分）1、氨基酸等电点2、淀粉的老化3、乳化剂4、胶凝作用二、选择题（1-6题，多选，每题2分；7-24题，单选，每题1分，共30分）1、结合水的作用力有（）。
A.配位键B.氢键C.部分离子键D.毛细管力2、维持蛋白质三级结构的化学键为( )。
A. 肽键B. 二硫键C. 氢键D. 疏水键3、高于冰点时，影响水分活度A的因素有（）。
wA.食品的重量B.颜色C.食品组成D.温度4、蛋白质变性后( )。
A.溶解度下降B. 粘度下降C.失去结晶能力D.消化率提高5、淀粉糊化后( )。
A.结晶结构被破坏B.粘度降低C.易于消化D.粘度增大6、下列元素属于必需微量元素的有( )。
A.钾B.钠C.铁D.锌7、一块蛋糕和一块饼干同时放在一个密闭容器中，一段时间后饼干的水分含量（）。
A.不变B.增加C.降低D.无法直接预计8、下列氨基酸中不属于必需氨基酸的是( )。
A.蛋氨酸B.半胱氨酸C.缬氨酸 D 苯丙氨酸9、维持蛋白质二级结构的化学键为( )。
A.肽键B.二硫键C.氢键D.疏水键10、赖氨酸为碱性氨基酸，已知pKa1=2.18、 pKa2=8.95、 pKa3=10.53，则赖氨酸的等电点pI为（）。
A.5.57B.6.36C.9.74D.10.5311、下列脂肪酸中不属于必须脂肪酸的是 ()。
A.亚油酸B.亚麻酸C.肉豆蔻酸D.花生四烯酸12、油脂劣变前后，油脂的总质量的变化趋势为 ( )。
精编版-2019年广西民族大学教育科学研究方法考研真题A卷
2019年广西民族大学教育科学研究方法考研真题A卷
考生须知
1．答案须写在答题纸密封线内，写在试题卷、草稿纸等均视为无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
3．交卷时，请本人将答题纸放入试题袋内，密封后在封条与试卷袋骑缝处亲笔签名。
一、名词解释（每小题7分，共5小题，共35分）
1.教育研究方法
2.结构型访谈
3.随机抽样
4.教育实验设计
5.统计分析法
二、简答题（每小题20分，共4小题，共80分）
1.在教育研究中，形成研究假设主要有哪些功能？
2.在进行一个课题研究之前，为什么要重视研究文献的查阅？
3.简述行动研究法的概念及内涵。
4.教育研究报告撰写的基本原则有哪些？
三、综合应用题（每小题35分，共1小题，共35分）
以“中学生学习策略的调查研究”为题，设计一份完整的调查研究方案。
2019年广西民族大学管理学原理考研真题A卷
2019年广西民族大学管理学原理考研真题A卷一、名词解释（每小题6分，共5小题，共30分）1、人员配备2、现场控制3、组织精神4、授权5、组织结构二、简答题（每小题12分，共4小题，共48分）1、什么是管理的二重性（自然属性、社会属性）？区分二者有何意义？2、简述泰罗的科学管理理论的内容。
3、简述直线-参谋制（直线-职能制）组织结构的特点及其优缺点。
4、简述赫兹伯格“双因素理论”与马斯洛“需求层次理论”的区别与联系。
三、案例分析题（每小题10分，共2小题，共20分）1、案例一何某是某公司一位出色的事业部经理助理，后来被选拔担任另一事业部的经理。
他从一开始就遇到困难：不熟悉应向执行副总裁呈报的信息资料，不易同新下属交流，甚至不能真正了解自己所处的困境。
不到一年，他就下台了。
提拔他的公司领导在思考自己为何会犯这一错误。
他的结论是：何某只是一位经理助理，未曾被培养去经营一个事业部。
他当时的上司简单地把他当作参谋人员使用，完全排除在事业部运营之外。
问题：（1）你如何看待这家公司的人员使用和培养政策？（2）如何应对何某在新岗位遇到的困难？2、案例二刘局长在某局工作近20年。
3年前他当了局的第一把手之后，适逢上级要求该局进行机构改革。
刘局长认为，过去的工作全靠同事们的支持，应该给他们安排、提拔，才能调动他们的积极性，同时也有利于化解局里的矛盾。
于是，他多方努力，通过增设各种内设机构和助理职位，以求尽可能多的安排人员，缓解人事安排方面的压力。
谁知事与愿违，由于机构臃肿，人浮于事，造成互相扯皮，效率低下，局里的工作也遭到挫折。
上级领导批评刘局长搞上有政策，下有对策。
刘局长辩解说，他是依据管理的例外原则，根据本单位的实际情况进行机构改革。
结合本例，回答问题：刘局长违反了哪些组织设计的基本原则？应该怎样正确理解权力运用过程中的例外原则？四、论述题（每小题26分，共2小题，共52分）1、根据弗鲁姆（VictorVroom）提出的期望理论，在管理过程中，要有效地激发职工的积极性，必须注意正确处理哪些关系？管理者应做好哪些工作？2、结合实际，论述组织变革阻力的主要来源及组织变革阻力的化解措施。
2019年广西民族大学翻译硕士英语考研真题B卷
2019年⼴西民族⼤学翻译硕⼠英语考研真题B卷2019年⼴西民族⼤学翻译硕⼠英语考研真题B卷Part I. Basic English Knowledge (35 points)Section A: Multiple-choice (20 points)Directions: There are forty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Hoping to make his employees more comfortable,______________.A. a dozen new chairs were purchased by the new bossB. the new boss purchased a dozen new chairs.C. the new boss had purchased a dozen new chairs.D. a dozen new chairs had been purchased by the new boss.2. I knew I could not complete the task______________.A. by the boss cameB. until the boss has comeC. when the boss comesD. before the boss came3. Only after______________his homework______________to watch TV.A. he has finished; is he allowedB. has he finished; is he allowedC. he has finished; he is allowedD. has he finished; he is allowed4. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen______________comfortably.A. is wornB. wearsC. wearingD. wear5. Victor took a bus and headed for home,______________if his wife would have him back.A. not to knowB. not knownC. not knowingD. not having known6. Unfortunately there are times when I’ve played when I probably______________and it has cost me a lot.A. couldn’t haveB. shouldn’t haveD. mustn’t have7. Most peasants were reduced to______________grass and leaves during the severe famine.A. eatingB. eatC. have eatenD. ate8. They______________fireworks in the stadium last night to celebrate the win.A. set inB. set outC. set againstD. set off9. In order to marry his wife, Tommy______________to Islam.A. changedB. exchangedC. convertedD. turned10. This morning, my work was______________by a constant stream of visitors.A. hamperedB. tangledC. reversedD. perplexed11. The growing size of the population is______________major concern of______________society nowadays.A. /; theB. a; /C. a; theD. the; the12. It is not fair that you come home after a bad day at work and______________your wife and kids.A. take it off onB. take it on withC. take it out onD. take it up with13. Recent editions of the Chinese classic, based on manuscripts more authoritative than those hitherto available, have rendered previous editions______________.A. obstinateC. illegibleD. obsolete14. Most good writers use every means______________to make the readers’ way smooth and easy.A. at their disposalB. at their requestC. at their willD. at their convenience15. The first keynote speaker really showed his remarkably keen______________into human nature.A. perceptionB. intellectC. understandingD. insight16. This region is expected to return to______________economic growth this year and next.A. respectiveB. respectC. respectfulD. respectable17. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical______________, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A. interferenceB. interruptionC. interventionD. interaction18.______________in an atmosphere of simple living was what his parents wished for.A. He was educatedB. He educatedC. His being educatedD. He to be educated19. I love the poetry of the Middle Age despite its tendency to be overtly______________.A. divertingB. didacticC. emotionalD. romantic20.Most people believe that epidemics occur______________after a natural disaster, but it is not true.B. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously21. Although the school still decided to carry it out, most parents______________the new regulation set by the school.A. objected toB. rebelled againstC. fought againstD. struck for22. In Brooklyn, police officers found it hard to persuade people to heed______________orders.A. evaluationB. evacuationC. estimationD. examination23. If they conspire with each other to exclude potential competitors, the successful tender shall be______________.A. detoxifiedB. nullifiedC. rectifiedD. ramified24. All the workers in the company are______________free medical care.A. provided forB. involved inC. connected withD. entitled to25. The flowers______________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. smellingB. to smellC. smeltD. to be smelt26. The Pentagon cannot point to any______________gains resulting from the interrogation techniques used at Guantanamo.A. intelligentB. intellectualC. intelligence27. She is reliable and thoughtful, so her friends like to______________their trouble to her.A. pour downB. pour intoC. pour forthD. pour on28. The teacher suggested that her students______________experiences with ESP.A. write a composition on theirB. to write a composition about theC. wrote some compositions of theirD. had written some compositions of their29. Many animals have a______________heart, such as fish.A. bicentennialB. bikiniC. bicameralD. binocular30. It would be a blessing for the human race if the mosquito could be______________.A. wiped upB. wiped awayC. wiped offD. wiped out31. I am sorry I have no time to______________more detail or give you an account of other cities of interest.A. bring intoB. take intoC. come intoD. go into32. It is not______________much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. thatB. soC. asD. very33. Mobile Karaoke may be______________to Japan, but the love affair with mobile phone is worldwide.A. weirdB. strangeC. odd34. While he had the fever, he______________for days.A. ravedB. sniggeredC. titteredD. perforated35. He was brought before the______________for trial.A. tribunalB. isleC. granaryD. observatory36. We believe that no country should interfere with the internal______________of another country.A. matterB. mattersC. affairsD. affair37. I told my sister that I had one million dollars. She really the story.A. fell inB. fell withC. fell forD. fell through38. Bebop’s legacy is______________one: bebop may have won jazz the right to be taken seriously as an art form, but it______________jazz’s mass audience, which turned to other forms of music such as rock.A. a mixed; alienatedB. a troubled; seducedC. an ambiguous; aggrandizedD. a valuable; refined39. Treaties are only______________the governments that sign them, and governments change.A. as long asB. as far asC. as good asD. so long as40. Although based on an actual event, the film lacks______________. The director shuffles events, simplifies the tangle of relationships, and______________documentary truth for dramatic power.A. conviction; embracesC. expressiveness; exaggeratesD. realism; substitutes Section B: Proofreading and Error Correction (15 points)Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Standing tall as the defining landmark of Toronto is the CNTower, Canada’s National Tower. On 553.33 meters, it is the 41.world’s tallest freestanding tower and a symbol of Canadian achievement recognized around the world. This architectural triumph is an engineering wonder of the modern world andwidely regarded as the iconic symbol of tourism for Toronto.With breathtaking views from three observation levels, the CNTower is a worldly class entertaining and dining destination and 42.must-see attraction when visiting Toronto.The CN Tower has dominated Toronto’s skyline duringdaylight hours since it opened 31 years before. But at night, the 43.dimly lit giant fades nearly to black. Not anymore. Last week, it 44.was illuminated for the first time in a dazzling light show. CNTower can now claim to be the world’s tallest illuminated structure. The newly lit tower will consume up 60 percent less 45. electricity than the old scheme. It is an energy efficient, costly 46. effective and architecturally stunning result that whole 47. Canadians can be proud of. On a clean night, residents will be 48.able to spot the illuminated tower. It is hoped that the newlighting will help end Toronto’s five-year tourist slump. It willserve as a beacon for tourism representing extraordinary 49. experiences that can be found in Toronto and throughout Canada. Throughout the year, the lighting will pay attribute to 50.national holidays, special occasions and some citywide events.Part II. Reading Comprehension (35 points)Section A (15 points)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage oneQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, ashrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses’shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples–notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) –had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals;The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries – which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, andlater merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of naturalcuriosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems–often antique engraved ones–as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were considered an integralpart both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them–and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early “inspirational”collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary “modern” works were also added to such galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age ofrevolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of “improving” collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.51. The sentence “Museum is a slippery word” in the first paragraph means that______________.A. the meaning of the word didn’t change until after the 15th century.B. the meaning of the word had changed over the years.C. the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.D. princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.52. “… the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined” in the third paragraph means that______________.A. there was a great demand for fakers.B. fakers grew rapidly in number.C. fakers became more skillful.D. fakers became more polite.53. Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were______________.A. collected from elsewhere.B. made part of the buildings.C. donated by people.D. bought by churches.54. Modern museums came into existence in order to______________.A. protect royal and church treasures.D. raise more funds.55. Which is the main idea of the passage?A. Collection and collectors.B. The evolution of museums.C. Modern museums and their functions.D. The birth of museums.Passage twoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information，but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “ I’m letting off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I’m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once.A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner，“This step has to be fixed before I’ll buy.” The owner says，“ It’s been like that for years.”Actually，the step hasn’t been like that for years，but the unspoken message is “ I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can’t you？” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it， when it occurred，the related conditions or situation，and how it was said. When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior.A friend’s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example，a person who says “No！” to a serials of charges like “You’re dumb，”“You’re lazy，” and “You’re dishonest，” may also say “No！” and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And you’re good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words，“It sure has been nice to have you over ，” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance；sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.56. Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners，if______________A. they use proper words to carry their ideas.B. they both speak truly of their own feelings.C. they try to understand each other’s ideas beyond words.D. they are capable of associating meaning with their words.57. “I’m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means______________.A. I’m just calling your attention.B. I’m just kidding.C. I’m just saying the opposite.D. I’m just giving off some sound.58. The house-owner’s example shows that he actually means______________.C. the condition of the step is only a minor fault.D. the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.59. Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical， but are justifiable if______________.A. linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.B. seen as one’s habitual pattern of behavior.C. taken as part of an ordering sequence.D. expressed to a series of charges.60. The word “ritualistically”in the last paragraph equals something done______________.A. without true intention.B. light-heartedly.C. in a way of ceremony.D. with less emphasis.Passage threeQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a causal link”between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very long wave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few mill gauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 mill volt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.(electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.61. The main idea of this passage is______________.A. studies on the cause of cancerB. controversial view-points in the cause of cancerC. the relationship between electricity and cancer.D. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.62. The view-point of the EPA is______________.A. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.B. electricity really affects cancer.C. controversial.D. low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer63. Why did the Pentagon and White House object to the release of the report? Because______________.A. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.B. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.C. the Pentagon’s concern was understandable.D. they had different arguments.64. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon______________.A. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.B. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.C. electromagnetic field may affect health.D. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.65.What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?A.They are indifferent.B.They are worried very much.C.The may exercise prudent avoidance.D.They are shocked.Section B : Cloze (20 points)Directions: Please fill in blanks 66 to 85 of the following passage. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __66___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __67___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___68 heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __69__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __70___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__71__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __72__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__73___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 74__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probablydoes produce other types of ___75___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __76___one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ___77___physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___78___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____79___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __80___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __81___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n)__82___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___83___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____84___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __85__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.66. A. among B. except C. despite D. like67. A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce68. A. stabilizing B. boosting C. impairing D. determining69. A. transmit B. sustain C. evaluate D. observe70. A. measurable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable71. A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief72. A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected73. A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes74. A. aggravate B. generate C. moderate D. enhance75. A. physical B. mental C. subconscious D. internal76. A. Except for B. According to C. Due to D. As for77. A. with B. on C. in D. at78. A. unless B. until C. if D. because79. A. exhausts B. follows C. precedes D. suppresses80. A. into B. from C. towards D. beyond81. A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold82. A. disappointed B. excited C. joyful D. indifferent83. A. adapted B. catered C. turned D. reacted84. A. suggesting B. requiring C. mentioning D. supposing85. A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. ConverselyPart III. Writing (30 points)Directions: Write an essay of at least 450 words on the following topic:Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Please write your essay on the Answer Sheet.。
广西民族大学806综合考试2019年考研真题
1.试述 1978 年以来中国民族学发生的重大变化以及四十年来的发展分期。 2.试述民族学田野调查的具体方法，并分别进行介绍。
四、请将以下英文翻译成中文（每小题 10 分，共 2 小题，共 20 分）
1. The word ethnic is derived from the Greek work ethnikos, which translates to mean “ nations ” in English. The word was initially applied to European immigrants such as the Italians, Germans, Poles, and other national groups who came to the United States in large numbers, especially between 1900 and 1925. Today, ethnicity is given a wider definition and many also refer to group membership based on religion, language, or region. Using the word in this sense, Jews, Mormons, Latinos, and white Southerners can be considered ethnic groups.
2. The term culture means different things to different people. In the minds of many people, it is associated with such activities as attending the opera, Listening to classical music, and going to art museums. The perspective links culture to the wealthy, affluent, or upper classes and is referred to by some sociologists as elite culture. Thus, according to this definition, relatively few of us have culture. If you wanted to become part of this culture, you might begin by studying Mozart, Rembrandt, and Chaucer.