MBA联考必备英语语法难点之关系代词

MBA联考必备英语语法难点之关系代词
关系代词who, whom, whose 用法说明
■关系代词who, whom)的用法
who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。

如：
I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。

In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.
在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。

She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before.
她把我介绍给她丈夫，我以前没见过他。

但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who, that代之。

如：The person to whom I complained is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。

The person (who, whom, that) I complained to is the manager.
我向他投诉的那个人是经理。

■关系代词whose的用法
关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。

如：She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽车被盗的那个女人。

This is the house whose windows were broken. 这就是窗户被打破了的房子。

Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job.
格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。

His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight.
他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。

关系代词which重要用法说明
■关系代词which只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。

如：She was not on the train which arrived just now.
她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。

(关系代词which指train，在从句中用作主语)
He never got back the money which he had lent him. 他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。

(关系代词which指money，在从句中用作宾语)
■which用于引导限制性定语从句外，还可以引导非限制定语从句。

如：
The ship struck an iceberg, which tore a huge hole in her side.
船碰在一座冰山上，船帮被撞出一个大洞。

She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted herself.
她送给我这件羊毛衫，这是她亲手织的。

This machine, which I have looked after for twenty years, is still working perfectly. 这台机器我已经照管了20年，现在仍然没一点儿毛病。

■which有时也可用作定语，尤其用于“介词+which+名词”这类结构中，此时的which含有this或that的意味。

如：
He may be busy, in which case I’ll call later.
他可能忙，如若如此，我以后再来拜访。

I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone.
我可能得晚点下班，那样我会打电话的。

He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.
他发脾气了，这时我就决定回家了。

He was appointed Lord Chancellor, in which post he spent the rest of his life. 他被任命为大法官，在这个职位上度过了他的后半生。

The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep. 邮递员早晨6点30分来，这个时候我通常还睡着大觉呢。

It was derived from Posidonius, for which reason much of its information may well have been out of date.
它源于鲍森杜尼尔斯。

由于这个原因，它的大部分信息很可能已经过时。

有时其前也可以没有介词。

如：
He is studying economics, which knoweledge is very important today.
他学经济学，这种知识现今很重要。

He spoke in Greek, which language I could only follow with difficulty.
他说希腊语，我听起来很吃力。

■关系代词which有时可用于指人。

原则上说，which用于指事物，不用于指人。

但以下情况属于例外：
1. 用于在指人的名词之后，指不强调性别的婴儿：
He was the last child which was born. 他是最后出生的孩子。

(which指小孩)
2. 当不是指具体的某人，而是指人的属性（如职业、身份、地位、职务、品质、特征等）时，则也用关系代词 which而不用 who。

如：
They accused him of being a traitor, which he was. 他们指控他是叛徒，他真是叛徒。

She talked like a native, which she hardly was.
她说起话来像是个本地人，其实她不见得是。

■在非常正式的文体中，代词that后可以接一个修饰它的定语从句，这个定语从句通常用which来引导。

如：
They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured.
据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。

在现代英语中，that which通常用what来代替。

如：
We have that which (=what) we need. 我们需要的东西都有了。

That which (=What) many people say is not always true.
很多人说的话并不表示一定是真的。

关系代词that用法归纳
一、指人的用法
that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。

如：
A driver that has knocked someone down must stop.
撞人的司机必须停车。

(关系代词that指driver，在从句中作主语)
He is the man that you have been looking for.
他就是你要找的那个人。

(关系代词that指man，在从句中作宾语)
He is not that man that he was.
他已不是过去的他了。

(关系代词that指man，在从句中作表语)
二、指物的用法
that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。

如：
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.
这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。

(关系代词that指plane，在定语从句中作主语)
She was annoyed by something that I had said.
她为我说的某句话而不高兴。

(关系代词that指something，在定语从句中作宾语)
Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be.
深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。

(关系代词that指city，在定语从句中作表语)。