2016年同等学力心理学申硕考试真题答案
最新同等学力心理学综合真题资料
2016同等学力心理学综合真题、答案解析及命中率一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)1.思维的基本过程是(B )A.比较与分类B.分析与综合C.抽象与概括D.系统化与具体化2.下列各项中不属于音高听觉理论的是(C )A.电话说B.神经齐射说C.拮抗过程说D.行波理论3.鲁利亚认为脑干网状结构和边缘系统的机能属于(B )A.行为调节系统B.动力系统C.信息接受系统D.信息存储系统4.镶嵌图形的特点可以用于测量的认知风格是(D )A.自动化加工与意识控制加工B.冲动与沉思C.同时性与继时性加工D.场独立性与场依存性5.幼儿思维的主要特点是(C )A.可逆性B.抽象性C.具体形象性D.去自我中心性6.在新生儿阶段通常不具备的是(D )A.吸吮反射B.巴宾斯基反射C.抓握反射D.初级循环反应7.在被试内实验设计中,控制练习效应和疲劳效应的常用方法是(B )A.恒定法B.平衡法C.双盲设计D.纳入处理8.一定属于多因素实验设计的是(A )A.混合设计B.被试内设计C.随机区组设计D.被试间设计9.下列实验中不能用来论证社会学习理论的是(B )A.抗拒诱惑实验B.水下击靶实验C.攻击反应的学习实验D.言行一致实验10.建立在“官能心理学”基础上的迁移理论是(A )A.形式训练说B.概括原理说C.共同因素说D.关系转换说11.定量地揭示整个群体的人际关系状况以及各成员在该群体内人际关系状况的方法是(A )A.社交测量法B.罗夏墨迹测验C.角色扮演法D.主题统觉测验12.为了保持认知的协调,外在理由越缺乏,越需要内在理由的补充,这种心理反应被称作(B )A.催眠者效应B.不充分理由效应C.睡眠者效应D.过度理由效应13.一个研究者报告独立样本的t检验的结果t(24)=2.53,根据这个结果可以推知研究被试总人数为(D )A.23B.24C.25D.2614.一项调查表明抽烟量较大的人群比抽烟较少或不抽烟的人群患肺癌的比率更高,据此我们可以说,抽烟量与患肺癌比率这两个变量间存在着(A )A.相关关系B.因果关系C.函数关系D.包含关系15.一项研究涉及到职业,我们用1表示“农民”,2表示“教师”,3表示“公务员”,这里的数据123属于(C )A.等级数据B.比率数据C.称名数据D.等距数据16.已知某校男、女学生对某项教育措施各自持“同意”和“反对”态度的人数,若要了解性别与变量是否有关,则应该计算(C )A.积差相关B.等级相关C.Ø相关D.二列相关17.以下各项中属于投射测验的是(D )A.韦氏量表B.个性偏好测验C.比纳量表D.主题统觉测验18.可以作为同质性信度指标的是(C )A.肯德尔和谐系数B.差异系数C.克伦巴赫系数D.确定系数19.最早采用智力年龄概念的是(A )A.比纳量表B.瑞雯推理测验C.韦氏量表D.斯坦福比纳量表20.一项研究假设为:经过知觉运动学习的左利手儿童比未经过这种学习的儿童在眼手协调的作业上做得更出色,然而这种差别不出现在右利手儿童中,这项实验中“是否经过学习”是(C )A.中介变量B.因变量C.调节变量D.自变量二、名词解释(每小题3分,共24分)1. 效果律(课后名词解释p.583)效果律是由桑代克提出的,是指如果一个动作跟随着情境中一个满意的变化,在类似的情境中这个动作重复的可能性将增加,但如果跟随的是一个不满意的变化,这个动作重复的可能性将减少。
2016年心理学考研真题答案及解析
2016年⼼理学考研真题答案及解析2016年⼼理学考研真题答案及解析2016年研究⽣考试已经落下帷幕,很多学员反馈,博仁考研讲义对2016年⼼理学考研统考真题实现考点全⾯覆盖,⾃主命题院校考点覆盖率也达到90%以上,甚⾄押中⼀些⾼校的原题。
很多考⽣在考试结束后纷纷给博仁考研发来感谢,感谢博仁考研辅导班提⾼了他们的⼼理学考研成绩。
在这⾥,博仁考研给⼼理学考研同学建议,考研备考需要踏踏实实复习,需要毅⼒,考研成功的关键还在与⾃⼰,好的⼼理学辅导班能够帮助同学们提⾼分数。
今天给同学做⼀份⼼理学考研试题答案以及试题在博仁资料的分布情况,本⽂为部分整体,完整版可咨询博仁考研⽼师。
⼀、单项选择题:1-65⼩题,每⼩题2分,共130分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有⼀个选项是符合题⽬要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂⿊。
1、张明在实验室考察不同颜⾊对⼈的视敏度的影响,李亮在⽇常的教学环境条件下考察不同教学⽅法对学⽣学习成绩的影响。
两⼈研究⽅法的不同在于()A、有⽆⾃变量B、有⽆因变量C、控制额外变量的程度D、有⽆研究假设【解析】选择C张明使⽤的是实验室实验法,李亮运⽤的是⾃然实验法。
两种研究⽅法的主要区别在额外变量控制⽅⾯。
前者较后者,在控制额外变量的程度⽅⾯更严格。
【真题VS博仁讲义】此题在博仁两套模拟卷中均有体现。
在2016年串讲冲刺班讲义中对考点做了详尽的归纳。
2、1967年《认知⼼理学》⼀书的出版,标志着现代认知⼼理学的诞⽣。
该书的作者是()A、斯滕伯格(R.Sternbeng) B.布鲁纳(J.Bruner)C.奈塞尔(U.Neisser)D.西蒙(H.Simon)【解析】选择C⼼理学发展史上标志性的⼈、事、物及时间等都为重点记忆内容,也始终是考察的重点记忆内容。
【真题VS博仁讲义】此题所考察内容在2016年⼼理学考研主观提⾼讲义中对考点做了鲜明的归纳。
3.病⼈因颞叶受伤⽽导致受损的功能主要是()A、听觉B、视觉C、嗅觉D、味觉【解析】选择A考察⼤脑⽪层分区及机能。
同等学力心理学考试答案
同等学力心理学考试答案一、单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 心理学研究的主要内容是:A. 人类行为B. 心理过程C. 心理现象D. 心理活动答案:C2. 心理学的三大流派是:A. 行为主义、精神分析、认知心理学B. 行为主义、人本主义、认知心理学C. 精神分析、人本主义、认知心理学D. 行为主义、精神分析、人本主义答案:B3. 弗洛伊德提出的心理学理论是:A. 行为主义B. 认知心理学C. 精神分析D. 人本主义答案:C4. 心理学研究的科学方法不包括:A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 推理法答案:D5. 情绪与认知的关系是:A. 无关B. 相互独立C. 相互影响D. 完全相同答案:C6. 认知失调理论是由哪位心理学家提出的?A. 皮亚杰B. 弗洛伊德C. 马斯洛D. 费斯廷格答案:D7. 人类记忆的三个阶段是:A. 感觉记忆、短时记忆、长时记忆B. 短时记忆、长时记忆、永久记忆C. 感觉记忆、永久记忆、长时记忆D. 短时记忆、感觉记忆、长时记忆答案:A8. 以下哪个不是学习理论的主要流派?A. 行为主义学习理论B. 认知学习理论C. 发展学习理论D. 社会学习理论答案:C9. 马斯洛的需求层次理论中,最高层次的需求是:A. 生理需求B. 安全需求C. 自我实现需求D. 社交需求答案:C10. 情绪智力理论是由哪位心理学家提出的?A. 加德纳B. 戈尔曼C. 斯滕伯格D. 布鲁姆答案:B二、多项选择题(每题3分,共15分)1. 以下哪些是心理学的主要研究领域?A. 认知心理学B. 发展心理学C. 社会心理学D. 神经科学答案:ABCD2. 心理学研究方法包括:A. 观察法B. 实验法C. 调查法D. 案例研究法答案:ABCD3. 以下哪些是情绪的功能?A. 适应功能B. 动机功能C. 组织功能D. 社会功能答案:ABCD4. 以下哪些是学习理论的主要观点?A. 学习是通过条件反射实现的B. 学习是通过观察模仿实现的C. 学习是通过认知加工实现的D. 学习是通过强化实现的答案:ABCD5. 以下哪些是智力理论的主要类型?A. 多元智力理论B. 三元智力理论C. 流体智力与晶体智力理论D. 情绪智力理论答案:ACD三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)1. 简述心理学的主要研究方法及其特点。
同等学力申硕心理学考试真题题库
同等学力申硕心理学考试真题题库2020年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》题库【历年真题(部分录屏讲解)+课后习题+章节题库】来源:才聪学习网/同等学力申硕内容简介本书是详解2020年心理学专业同等学力申硕“心理学学科综合水平考试”科目的题库,包括历年真题(部分录屏讲解)、课后习题和章节题库三大部分,具体为:第一部分,历年真题(部分录屏讲解)。
根据《心理学学科综合水平全国统一考试大纲及指南(第3版)》,对近年来考试真题进行了详细解析,部分重难点试题配了录屏讲解。
特别说明:2015年度真题缺,为此我们十分抱歉。
第二部分,课后习题。
对《心理学学科综合水平全国统一考试大纲及指南(第3版)》所有的课(章)后习题进行了解答。
第三部分,章节题库。
遵循《心理学学科综合水平全国统一考试大纲及指南(第3版)》的章目编排,分为普通心理学、心理学研究方法、心理统计学、心理测量学、发展心理学、教育心理学和社会心理学七部分内容,每部分包含若干章,每章根据最新大纲的要求及相关教材,精心选编了典型常考题,并提供答案。
本书提供电子书及打印版,方便对照复习。
目录•第一部分历年真题(部分录屏讲解)•2010年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解•2011年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解•2012年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解•2013年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解•2014年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解•2016年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解•2017年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解•2018年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解•第二部分《大纲及指南》课后习题•普通心理学•第1章心理学的研究对象和研究方法•第2章心理的神经生理机制•第3章感觉•第4章知觉•第5章意识和注意•第6章记忆•第7章思维•第8章语言•第9章动机•第10章情绪和情感•第11章技能•第12章能力•第13章人格•心理学研究方法•第1章导论•第2章研究设计•第3章搜集研究资料的基本方法•第4章研究结果的整理与分析•第5章研究结果的呈现与评价•心理统计学•第1章研究中常见数据的特点与初步整理•第2章数据的分布及其总体参数的估计•第3章假设检验•第4章各种研究设计的方差分析•第5章多元统计分析•心理测量学•第1章绪论•第2章心理测验的编制•第3章测验的实施和计分•第4章测验结果的解释•第5章测量的信度•第6章效度•第7章项目分析•第8章学绩测验•第9章智力测验•第10章人格测验•发展心理学•第1章绪论•第2章发展心理学的研究方法•第3章发展心理学理论•第4章婴儿期心理的发生和发展•第5章幼儿期心理的发展•第6章童年期心理的发展•第7章少年期心理的发展•第8章青年初期心理的发展•第9章成年初期心理的发展•第10章成年中期心理的发展•第11章成年晚期心理的变化•教育心理学•第1章绪论•第2章学习理论•第3章认知领域的学习•第4章品德培养与心理健康教育•第5章影响学习的因素•第6章个别差异•第7章教师心理•社会心理学•第1章什么是社会心理学•第2章社会化与自我概念发展•第3章印象形成与归因•第4章态度及其改变•第5章人际沟通与人际关系•第6章侵犯与亲社会行为•第7章社会影响•第三部分章节题库•普通心理学•第1章心理学的研究对象和研究方法•第2章心理的神经生理机制•第3章感觉•第4章知觉•第5章意识和注意•第6章记忆•第7章思维•第8章语言•第9章动机•第10章情绪和情感•第11章技能•第12章能力•第13章人格•心理学研究方法•第1章导论•第2章研究设计•第3章搜集研究资料的基本方法•第4章研究结果的整理与分析•第5章研究结果的呈现与评价•心理统计学•第1章研究中常见数据的特点与初步整理•第2章数据的分布及其总体参数的估计•第3章假设检验•第4章各种研究设计的方差分析•第5章多元统计分析•心理测量学•第1章绪论•第2章心理测验的编制•第3章测验的实施和计分•第4章测验结果的解释•第5章测量的信度•第6章效度•第7章项目分析•第8章学绩测验•第9章智力测验•第10章人格测验•发展心理学•第1章绪论•第2章发展心理学的研究方法•第3章发展心理学理论•第4章婴儿期心理的发生和发展•第5章幼儿期心理的发展•第6章童年期心理的发展•第7章少年期心理的发展•第8章青年初期心理的发展•第9章成年初期心理的发展•第10章成年中期心理的发展•第11章成年晚期心理的变化•教育心理学•第1章绪论•第2章学习理论•第3章认知领域的学习•第4章品德培养与心理健康教育•第5章影响学习的因素•第6章个别差异•第7章教师心理•社会心理学•第1章什么是社会心理学•第2章社会化与自我概念发展•第3章印象形成与归因•第4章态度及其改变•第5章人际沟通与人际关系•第6章侵犯与亲社会行为•第7章社会影响。
2016同等学力心理学综合真题答案
2016同等学力心理学综合真题答案一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)1.思维的基本过程是(B )A.比较与分类B.分析与综合C.抽象与概括D.系统化与具体化2.下列各项中不属于音高听觉理论的是(C )A.电话说B.神经齐射说C.拮抗过程说D.行波理论3.鲁利亚认为脑干网状结构和边缘系统的机能属于(B )A.行为调节系统B.动力系统C.信息接受系统D.信息存储系统4.镶嵌图形的特点可以用于测量的认知风格是(D )A.自动化加工与意识控制加工B.冲动与沉思C.同时性与继时性加工D.场独立性与场依存性5.幼儿思维的主要特点是(C )A.可逆性B.抽象性C.具体形象性D.去自我中心性6.在新生儿阶段通常不具备的是(D )A.吸吮反射B.巴宾斯基反射C.抓握反射D.初级循环反应7.在被试内实验设计中,控制练习效应和疲劳效应的常用方法是(B )A.恒定法B.平衡法C.双盲设计D.纳入处理8.一定属于多因素实验设计的是(A )A.混合设计B.被试内设计C.随机区组设计D.被试间设计9.下列实验中不能用来论证社会学习理论的是(B )A.抗拒诱惑实验B.水下击靶实验C.攻击反应的学习实验D.言行一致实验10.建立在“官能心理学”基础上的迁移理论是(A )A.形式训练说B.概括原理说C.共同因素说D.关系转换说11.定量地揭示整个群体的人际关系状况以及各成员在该群体内人际关系状况的方法是(A )A.社交测量法B.罗夏墨迹测验C.角色扮演法D.主题统觉测验12.为了保持认知的协调,外在理由越缺乏,越需要内在理由的补充,这种心理反应被称作(B )A.催眠者效应B.不充分理由效应C.睡眠者效应D.过度理由效应13.一个研究者报告独立样本的t检验的结果t(24)=2.53,根据这个结果可以推知研究被试总人数为(D )A.23B.24C.25D.2614.一项调查表明抽烟量较大的人群比抽烟较少或不抽烟的人群患肺癌的比率更高,据此我们可以说,抽烟量与患肺癌比率这两个变量间存在着(A )A.相关关系B.因果关系C.函数关系D.包含关系15.一项研究涉及到职业,我们用1表示“农民”,2表示“教师”,3表示“公务员”,这里的数据123属于( C )A.等级数据B.比率数据C.称名数据D.等距数据16.已知某校男、女学生对某项教育措施各自持“同意”和“反对”态度的人数,若要了解性别与变量是否有关,则应该计算(C )A.积差相关B.等级相关C.Ø 相关D.二列相关17.以下各项中属于投射测验的是(D )A.韦氏量表B.个性偏好测验C.比纳量表D.主题统觉测验18.可以作为同质性信度指标的是(C )A.肯德尔和谐系数B.差异系数C.克伦巴赫系数D.确定系数19.最早采用智力年龄概念的是(A )A.比纳量表B.瑞雯推理测验C.韦氏量表D.斯坦福比纳量表20.一项研究假设为:经过知觉运动学习的左利手儿童比未经过这种学习的儿童在眼手协调的作业上做得更出色,然而这种差别不出现在右利手儿童中,这项实验中“是否经过学习”是(C )A.中介变量B.因变量C.调节变量D.自变量二、名词解释(每小题3分,共24分)1.效果律2.鉴别指数3.晕轮效应4.成熟势力说5.社会惰化6.概念形成7.暗适应8.抽样分布三、简答题(每小题6分,共36分)1.简述兴趣及其类型.2.简述短时记忆的特点.3.简述心理测量的特质.4.简述实验法的显著特点.5.简述社会测量法及其具体形式.6.简述利用一组原始数据编制次数分布表的主要步骤.四、论述题(每小题10分,共20分)1.结合文学著作人物形象,论述奥尔波特的人格特质理论.2.阐述不同理论对儿童性别角色发展的看法.。
同等学力申硕国考心理学试卷及参考答案
同等学力申硕国考心理学试卷及参考答案同等学力申硕国考心理学试卷及参考答案一、考试总体情况本次心理学考试总体上注重考查考生对于基础理论知识的掌握,同时强调对于实际应用的理解。
考试时间为180分钟,总分为100分。
题型包括选择题、简答题、分析题和论述题。
二、各题分析1、选择题(每题1分,共20分)这部分主要考察考生对于心理学基础知识的掌握,包括概念、理论和实验方法等。
以下是一道例题:“下列哪个选项不属于弗洛伊德提出的心理人格结构?” A. 自我 B. 超我 C. 意识 D. 本我【参考答案】C. 意识。
2、简答题(每题5分,共30分)这部分主要考察考生对于某些心理学理论或现象的理解和应用,需要考生在理解的基础上进行简洁明了的解释。
以下是一道例题:“请简述马斯洛的需求层次理论,并说明其在管理实践中的应用。
”【参考答案】马斯洛的需求层次理论包括五个层次:生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求。
在管理实践中,该理论可以帮助管理者了解员工的需要,制定相应的激励政策,从而提高员工的工作积极性和满意度。
3、分析题(每题10分,共20分)这部分主要考察考生对于一些具体心理学案例的分析能力,需要考生运用所学的心理学知识对案例进行深入剖析。
以下是一道例题:“请分析以下案例中患者的心理问题及其成因。
”【参考答案】……(此处省略具体案例)【参考答案】根据案例描述,该患者可能患有焦虑症,成因可能包括……(此处省略成因分析)4、论述题(每题20分,共40分)这部分主要考察考生对于心理学某一领域的综合理解和研究能力,需要考生在深入理解的基础上进行独立的思考和阐述。
以下是一道例题:“请阐述当代心理学的五大流派及其主要观点,并评价其优缺点。
”【参考答案】当代心理学的五大流派包括行为主义、认知主义、人本主义、心理生理学和神经心理学。
行为主义流派注重对于外部行为的观察和实验,优点是具有可验证性和可重复性,缺点是忽视内部心理过程。
2016心理学考研真题综合题目部分(勤思考研)
2016心理学考研真题:综合题部分(勤思考研)勤思考研首发2016心理学考研真题综合题目部分的解析,各位考生可以参考.四、综合题(30*3)81.根据下面的案例,应用动机的成就目标理论及情绪的评定-兴奋说,分析王刚和李强针对同一业绩广告不同反应的原因。
材料:王刚和李强同是某跨国公司新职员,在年终考核中去的同样的销售业绩,王强沮丧,因为一些同事的业绩超过了他,联想到自己从前公司中的傲人成绩,以及现在同事可能对他消极评价更是郁闷,决定离开公司,找个能发挥自己能力的公司,争取销售业绩超过他人,李刚并不沮丧,他认为学到了很多营销新知识,能力有了进一步提高,并且工作很有挑战性,决定在公司里继续努力,争取在下一年取得更好的销售业绩。
【参考答案】(1)厄科尔斯与德韦克提出成就目标理论。
动机的成就目标理论认为人们对能力有两种不同的内隐观念,即能力增长观和能力实体观。
持能力增长观的个体认为,能力是可变的,随着学习的进行是可以提高的;持能力实体观的个体认为,能力是固定的,是不会随学习而改变的。
两种人的成就目标存在差异。
持能力增长观的个体倾向于确立掌握目标,他们希望通过学习来提高自己的能力,而持能力实体观的个体倾向于确立表现目标,他们希望在学习过程中证明或表现自己的能力。
(2)阿诺德的评定-兴奋说认为外界刺激引起的神经冲动传至丘脑,再送到大脑皮层,在此对刺激情景进行评估,形成态度,这种态度通过外导神经将皮层的冲动传至丘脑的交感神经,引起内脏系统的变化,产生情绪体验。
外界刺激在大脑皮层上受到评估,使认识经验转化为被感受到的情绪。
(3)案例中王刚和李强虽然业绩相同,但情绪反应却不同,可以看出,二人的成就目标存在差异,李强持能力增长观,他倾向于确立掌握目标,希望通过学习来提高自己的能力,因此李强并不沮丧,他认为学到了很多营销新知识,能力有了进一步提高,并且工作很有挑战性,决定在公司里继续努力,争取在下一年取得更好的销售业绩。
2016年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解【圣才出品】
2016年同等学力申硕《心理学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解一、单项选择题(每题1分,共20分)1.思维的基本过程是()。
A.比较与分类B.分析与综合C.抽象与概括D.系统化与具体化【答案】B【解析】思维的过程包括分析与综合,比较与分类,抽象和概括,系统化与具体化。
其中分析与综合是思维的基本过程。
2.下列各项中不属于音高听觉理论的是()。
A.电话说B.神经齐射说C.拮抗过程说D.行波理论【答案】C【解析】ABD三项,19世纪以来,科学家们针对听觉的原理,提出了各种不同的理论,包括:频率理论,即电话说、共鸣理论、行波理论以及神经齐射理论。
C项,拮抗过程说是一种色觉理论。
3.鲁利亚认为脑干网状结构和边缘系统的机能属于()。
A.行为调节系统B.动力系统C.信息接受系统D.信息存储系统【答案】B【解析】鲁利亚把脑分为三个互相紧密联系的机能系统。
第一机能系统是调节激活与维持觉醒状态的机能系统,即动力系统。
由脑干网状系统和边缘系统等组成。
它的基本作用是保持大脑皮层的一般觉醒状态,提高它的兴奋性和感受性,并实现对行为的自我调节。
第二机能系统是信息接收、加工和存储的机能系统。
它位于大脑皮层的后部,包括皮层的枕叶、颞叶和顶叶即相应的皮层下组织。
它的基本作用是接受来自机体内外部的各种刺激,实现对信息的空间和时间的整合,并把它们保存下来。
第三机能系统又称行为调节系统,是编制行为程序、调节和控制行为的系统,包括额叶的广大脑区。
它的基本作用是产生活动的意图,形成行为程序,实现对复杂行为形式的调节和控制。
4.镶嵌图形的特点可以用于测量的认知风格是()。
A.自动化加工与意识控制加工B.冲动与沉思C.同时性与继时性加工D.场独立性与场依存性【答案】D【解析】A项,自动化加工与意识控制加工不是认知风格,只是人类认知加工的两种方式。
B项,卡根等设计了鉴别冲动型和沉思型这一认知类型的工具《匹配相似图形测验》。
这种测验是给被试显示一个标准图形,让他们从6个可供选择的图形中,选择一个与标准图形一样的图形。
2016年同等学力申硕考试《心理学综合》真题及标准答案
9.下列实验中不能用来论证社会学习理论的是(分数:1.00) A.抗拒诱惑实验 B.水下击靶实验 √ C.攻击反应的学习实验 D.言行一致实验 10.建立在"官能心理学"基础上的迁移理论是(分数:1.00) A.形式训练说 √ B.概括原理说 C.共同因素说 D.关系转换说 11.定量地揭示整个群体的人际关系状况以及各成员在该群体内人际关系状况的方法是(分数: 1.00) A.社交测量法 √ B.罗夏墨迹测验 C.角色扮演法 D.主题统觉测验 12.为了保持认知的协调,外在理由越缺乏,越需要内在理由的补充,这种心理反应被称作(分 数:1.00) A.催眠者效应 B.不充分理由效应 √ C.睡眠者效应 D.过度理由效应 13.一个研究者报告独立样本的 t 检验的结果 t(24)=2.53,根据这个结果可以推知研究被试总 人数为(分数:1.00) A.23 B.24 C.25 D.26 √ 14.一项调查表明抽烟量较大的人群比抽烟较少或不抽烟的人群患肺癌的比率更高,据此我们 可以说,抽烟量与患肺癌比率这两个变量间存在着(分数:1.00) A.相关关系 √ B.因果关系 C.函数关系 D.包含关系 15.一项研究涉及到职业,我们用 1 表示"农民",2 表示"教师",3 表示"公务员",这里的数据 123 属于(分数:1.00) A.等级数据 B.比率数据 C.称名数据 √ D.等距数据 16.已知某校男、女学生对某项教育措施各自持"同意"和"反对"态度的人数,若要了解性别与 变量是否有关,则应该计算(分数:1.00) A.积差相关 B.等级相关 C.? 相关 √ D.二列相关 17.以下各项中属于投射测验的是(分数:1.00)
2
2016同等学力心理学综合真题
2016同等学力心理学综合真题、答案解析及命中率一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)1.思维的基本过程是( B )A.比较与分类B.分析与综合C.抽象与概括D.系统化与具体化2.下列各项中不属于音高听觉理论的是( C )A.说B.神经齐射说C.拮抗过程说D.行波理论3.鲁利亚认为脑干网状结构和边缘系统的机能属于( B )A.行为调节系统B.动力系统C.信息接受系统D.信息存储系统4.镶嵌图形的特点可以用于测量的认知风格是( D )A.自动化加工与意识控制加工B.冲动与沉思C.同时性与继时性加工D.场独立性与场依存性5.幼儿思维的主要特点是( C )A.可逆性B.抽象性C.具体形象性D.去自我中心性6.在新生儿阶段通常不具备的是( D )A.吸吮反射B.巴宾斯基反射C.抓握反射D.初级循环反应7.在被试实验设计中,控制练习效应和疲劳效应的常用方法是( B )A.恒定法B.平衡法C.双盲设计D.纳入处理8.一定属于多因素实验设计的是( A )A.混合设计B.被试设计C.随机区组设计D.被试间设计9.下列实验中不能用来论证社会学习理论的是( B )A.抗拒诱惑实验B.水下击靶实验C.攻击反应的学习实验D.言行一致实验10.建立在“官能心理学”基础上的迁移理论是( A )A.形式训练说B.概括原理说C.共同因素说D.关系转换说11.定量地揭示整个群体的人际关系状况以及各成员在该群体人际关系状况的方法是( A )A.社交测量法B.罗夏墨迹测验C.角色扮演法D.主题统觉测验12.为了保持认知的协调,外在理由越缺乏,越需要在理由的补充,这种心理反应被称作( B )A.催眠者效应B.不充分理由效应C.睡眠者效应D.过度理由效应13.一个研究者报告独立样本的t检验的结果t(24)=2.53,根据这个结果可以推知研究被试总人数为( D )A.23B.24C.25D.2614.一项调查表明抽烟量较大的人群比抽烟较少或不抽烟的人群患肺癌的比率更高,据此我们可以说,抽烟量与患肺癌比率这两个变量间存在着( A )A.相关关系B.因果关系C.函数关系D.包含关系15.一项研究涉及到职业,我们用1表示“农民”,2表示“教师”,3表示“公务员”,这里的数据123属于( C )A.等级数据B.比率数据C.称名数据D.等距数据16.已知某校男、女学生对某项教育措施各自持“同意”和“反对”态度的人数,若要了解性别与变量是否有关,则应该计算( C )A.积差相关B.等级相关C.Ø相关D.二列相关17.以下各项中属于投射测验的是( D )A.韦氏量表B.个性偏好测验C.比纳量表D.主题统觉测验18.可以作为同质性信度指标的是( C )A.肯德尔和谐系数B.差异系数C.克伦巴赫系数D.确定系数19.最早采用智力年龄概念的是( A )A.比纳量表B.瑞雯推理测验C.韦氏量表D.斯坦福比纳量表20.一项研究假设为:经过知觉运动学习的左利手儿童比未经过这种学习的儿童在眼手协调的作业上做得更出色,然而这种差别不出现在右利手儿童中,这项实验中“是否经过学习”是( C )A.中介变量B.因变量C.调节变量D.自变量二、名词解释(每小题3分,共24分)1. 效果律(课后名词解释p.583)效果律是由桑代克提出的,是指如果一个动作跟随着情境中一个满意的变化,在类似的情境中这个动作重复的可能性将增加,但如果跟随的是一个不满意的变化,这个动作重复的可能性将减少。
2016同等学力心理学综合真题
2016同等学力心理学综合真题、答案解析及命中率一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)1.思维的基本过程是(B )A.比较与分类B.分析与综合C.抽象与概括D.系统化与具体化2.下列各项中不属于音高听觉理论的是(C )A.电话说B.神经齐射说C.拮抗过程说D.行波理论3.鲁利亚认为脑干网状结构和边缘系统的机能属于(B )A.行为调节系统B.动力系统C.信息接受系统D.信息存储系统4.镶嵌图形的特点可以用于测量的认知风格是(D )A.自动化加工与意识控制加工B.冲动与沉思C.同时性与继时性加工D.场独立性与场依存性5.幼儿思维的主要特点是(C )A.可逆性B.抽象性C.具体形象性D.去自我中心性6.在新生儿阶段通常不具备的是(D )A.吸吮反射B.巴宾斯基反射C.抓握反射D.初级循环反应7.在被试内实验设计中,控制练习效应和疲劳效应的常用方法是(B )A.恒定法B.平衡法C.双盲设计D.纳入处理8.一定属于多因素实验设计的是(A )A.混合设计B.被试内设计C.随机区组设计D.被试间设计9.下列实验中不能用来论证社会学习理论的是(B )A.抗拒诱惑实验B.水下击靶实验C.攻击反应的学习实验D.言行一致实验10.建立在“官能心理学”基础上的迁移理论是(A )A.形式训练说B.概括原理说C.共同因素说D.关系转换说11.定量地揭示整个群体的人际关系状况以及各成员在该群体内人际关系状况的方法是(A )A.社交测量法B.罗夏墨迹测验C.角色扮演法D.主题统觉测验12.为了保持认知的协调,外在理由越缺乏,越需要内在理由的补充,这种心理反应被称作(B )A.催眠者效应B.不充分理由效应C.睡眠者效应D.过度理由效应13.一个研究者报告独立样本的t检验的结果t(24)=2.53,根据这个结果可以推知研究被试总人数为(D )A.23B.24C.25D.2614.一项调查表明抽烟量较大的人群比抽烟较少或不抽烟的人群患肺癌的比率更高,据此我们可以说,抽烟量与患肺癌比率这两个变量间存在着(A )A.相关关系B.因果关系C.函数关系D.包含关系15.一项研究涉及到职业,我们用1表示“农民”,2表示“教师”,3表示“公务员”,这里的数据123属于(C )A.等级数据B.比率数据C.称名数据D.等距数据16.已知某校男、女学生对某项教育措施各自持“同意”和“反对”态度的人数,若要了解性别与变量是否有关,则应该计算(C )A.积差相关B.等级相关C.Ø相关D.二列相关17.以下各项中属于投射测验的是(D )A.韦氏量表B.个性偏好测验C.比纳量表D.主题统觉测验18.可以作为同质性信度指标的是(C )A.肯德尔和谐系数B.差异系数C.克伦巴赫系数D.确定系数19.最早采用智力年龄概念的是(A )A.比纳量表B.瑞雯推理测验C.韦氏量表D.斯坦福比纳量表20.一项研究假设为:经过知觉运动学习的左利手儿童比未经过这种学习的儿童在眼手协调的作业上做得更出色,然而这种差别不出现在右利手儿童中,这项实验中“是否经过学习”是(C )A.中介变量B.因变量C.调节变量D.自变量二、名词解释(每小题3分,共24分)1. 效果律(课后名词解释p.583)效果律是由桑代克提出的,是指如果一个动作跟随着情境中一个满意的变化,在类似的情境中这个动作重复的可能性将增加,但如果跟随的是一个不满意的变化,这个动作重复的可能性将减少。
同等学力申硕心理学真题及详解
2014年同等学力申硕《心理学科综合水平考试》真题及详解一单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)1.主要由声波频率决定的听觉特性是()。
A.音调B.音高C.音响D.音色【答案】A【解析】声波的物理性质包括频率、振幅和波形,相应的听觉的基本特性包括音调、音响和音色。
频率指发声物体每秒振动的次数,振动越快,音调越高;振幅是指振动物体偏离起始位置的人小,振幅越人,声音越响;波形是指声波的形状,最简单的是形状是正弦波,波形不同,音色不同。
2.词干补笔作业通常用于测量()。
A.内隐记忆B.外显记忆C.瞬时记忆D.短时记忆【答案】A【解析】内隐记忆指在不需要意识或有意回忆的条件下,个体的过去经验对当前任务自动产生影响的现彖,其测量方法主要有两种:词干补笔作业和知觉辨认。
词干补笔作业通常包括两个阶段:学习阶段要求被试学习一些项目,如“cognition”;测验阶段不要求被试回忆刚才学过的项目,而是给出学过项目的词干,如“cog”,并要求被试用心里想到的第一词来完成填空,然后观察被试在学习阶段获得的信息是否会影响这一作业的成绩。
结果发现,一周之后,词干补笔的作业成绩前后没有显著的变化,表明内隐表明内隐记忆能够保持较长的时间。
3.将一个灰色圆环放在红色背景上,圆环呈现绿色,这种视觉经验属于()。
A.视觉适应B.视觉对比C.正后像D.负后像【答案】B【解析】视觉对比是由光刺激在空间上的不同分布引起的视觉经验,町分成明暗对比与颜色对比两种。
颜色对比是指一个物体的颜色会受到它周圉物体颜色的影响而发生色调的变化。
例如,将一个灰色圆环放在红色背景上,圆坏呈现绿色,放在黄色背景上,圆坏呈现蓝色。
总之,对比使物体的色调向着背景颜色的补色方向变化。
4.从内容、操作和产物三个维度区分智力活动的学者是()。
A.斯皮尔曼B.斯腾伯格C.韦克斯勒D.吉尔福特【答案】D【解析】吉尔福特认为,智力可以区分三个维度,即内容、操作和产品。
智力活动的内容包括听觉、视觉、符号、语义、行为,它们是智力活动的对彖或材料:智力操作是指智力活动的过程,包括认知、记忆、发散思维、聚合思维和评价:智力活动的产品是指运用上述智力操作所得到的结果。
同等学力申硕心理学综合真题
同等学力申硕心理学综合真题1、内容反应一定是在以下哪种技术的前提下才可以进行()[单选题] *倾听(正确答案)解释鼓励面质2、方华情绪快而强,容易冲动,常常是爆发式的,并伴随有明显外部表现,她的气质类型属于()。
[单选题] *A胆汁质(正确答案)B多血质C粘液质D抑郁质3、青少年不再将思维局限于具体的事物上,而是运用抽象的概念,提出合理的可行的假设并进行验证,思维开始具有较大的弹性和复杂性。
这说明认知水平发展到了()。
[单选题] *感知运动阶段前运算阶段具体运算阶段形式运算阶段(正确答案)4、小英帮助生病在家的小勇辅导功课后,感到很快乐,这种情感属于()[单选题] *A 道德感(正确答案)B 美感C 理智感D 幸福感5、柯尔伯格认为儿童道德发展阶段的先后次序是()。
[单选题] *可以变动的可以躐等的固定不变的(正确答案)无所谓的6、第一印象作用的机制是()[单选题] *A)近因效应(B)光环效应(C)刻板印象(D)首因效应(正确答案)7、言语交往,首先应学会()。
[单选题] *A表达B沟通C倾听(正确答案)D尊重8、B 总结经验教训C 调节抱负水平D 建立和谐的人际关系追求完美自尊心脆弱控制欲望强自视甚高将不完美等同于不可爱不值得爱的是()[单选题] *A 自卑者9、张老师在教学中经常用奖励来激发学生动机,培养学生良好的学习习惯。
张老师的这种做法符合()[单选题] *A 人本主义学习观B 行为主义学习观(正确答案)C 认知主义学习观D 建构主义学习观10、当患者遇到突发性事件时,表现心慌,紧张,出汗,坐立不安,我们称此人有()[单选题] * A情感脆弱B焦虑情绪(正确答案)C反应过度D心境突变11、对知觉对象的某一特性形成判断之后,不加分析地推及到这一对象的其他方面,“一好百好,一糟全糟”,这种泛化或扩张的心理效果就是()[单选题] *A光环效应B 近因效应(正确答案)BC 刻板印象D 首因效应我们经常听人说的“长沙妹子不可交,面如桃花心似刀”,东北的姑娘“宁可饿着,也要靓着”,实际上都是()[单选题] *A 刻板印象(正确答案)12、团体咨询最适宜的对象是()[单选题] *A 学习困难者B 人际适应不良者(正确答案)C情绪困扰者D 人格障碍者13、厨师做菜会越做越咸,是因为()造成的。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试312心理学专业基础综合试题及详解【圣才】
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试312心理学专业基础综合试题及详解一、单项选择题:第1~65小题,每小题2分,共130分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合试题要求。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.张明在实验室考察不同颜色对人视觉的影响,李亮在日常的教学环境条件下考察不同教学方法对学生学习成绩的影响,两人研究方法的不同在于()。
A.有无自变量B.有无因变量C.控制额外变量D.有无研究假设【答案】C【解析】张明用的是实验室实验法,李亮用的是自然实验法,两种研究方法主要的区别在于实验室实验对额外变量进行了严格控制,而自然实验控制额外变量不够严格。
2.1967年《认知心理学》出版标志现代认知心理学的诞生,作者是()。
A.斯滕伯格B.布鲁纳C.奈塞尔D.西蒙【答案】C【解析】认知心理学起始于本世纪50年代末,1967年美国心理学家Neisser《认知心理学》一书的出版,标志着认知心理学已成为一个独立的流派立足于心理学界了。
3.病人因颞叶受伤而导致受损的功能主要是()。
A.听觉B.视觉C.嗅觉D.味觉【答案】A【解析】听觉区:在颞叶的颞横回处,接受在声音的作用下由耳朵传人的神经冲动,产生初级形式的听觉,若此处受损主要影响的是听觉。
视觉区:位于顶枕裂后面的枕叶内,接受在光刺激的作用下由眼睛输入的神经冲动,产生初级形式的视觉。
机体感觉区:位于中央后回,接受由皮肤、肌肉和内脏器官传人的感觉信号,产生触压觉、温度觉、痛觉、运动觉和内脏感觉等。
4.在裂脑人实验中,假设给被试左视野呈现“苹果”图片,右视野呈现单词“杯子”,能顺利完成的任务是()。
A.用左手选出屏幕后摆放的苹果B.右手选出苹果C.左手选出屏幕后摆放的杯子D.口头报告看到了苹果【答案】A【解析】每个半球只对来自身体对侧的刺激作出反应,并调节对侧身体的运动。
题目中左视野呈现“苹果”图片,投射在脑的右侧,被试用左手很容易从屏幕后选出苹果。
但是语言是左半球控制的,所以被试不能口头报告看到苹果。
2016同等学力申硕英语真题及答案解析(卷一卷二)
2016同等学力申硕英语真题及答案解析(卷一) (卷一)Part I Oral Communication (10 points)Section A Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer sheet.Dialogue OneA. Will you take care of that for me?B. Does it have anything valuable inside?C. How do you want to send it?Clerk: May I help you? Customer: Ye s, I’d like to send this letter to my family in England. Clerk: Did you write your return address on the envelope? Customer: Yes, I did. Clerk: ____1____ Customer: I guess I’ll send it airmail. Clerk: ____2____ Customer: Yes. I enclosed a check and some photographs. Clerk: Then you’d better send it by registered mail. Customer: That’s a good idea.___3____ Clerk: I’m sorry, sir. You’ll have to take your letter to the next window.Dialogue TwoA. You can’t even stay in the sun for five minutes.B.I guess so.C. You want my advice?Winne: Oh, man! Nobody can stand this kind of scorching heat. Marc: Absolutely! _____4_____ Winne: Anyway, I guess this afternoon there’s nothing we can do but stay home. Marc: ____5_____ I don’t want to be taken to thehospital for heat exhaustion or something. Winne: ___6_____ Drink a lot of liquids and spare yourself the worst of the heat! Marc: Yean, you’re right. Got to drink a lot of fluids.Section B Directions:In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B ,C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer sheet.A.I literally can’t stop.B. But now I don’t need to worry any mo re.C. You’re known as the first billionaire author here.D. But that’s not just about money.Interviewer: You have published six popular books. 7Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: So how has being the first billionaire author affected your perception of yourself? Interviewee: I dress better. Well, you can definitely afford better clothes.8I think the single biggest thing that money gave me--and obviously I came from a place where I was a single mother and it really was hand to mouth at one point. It was literally as poor as you can get without being homeless at one point. 9 Never. Interviewer: Are you in a place now where you can accept that you will always be rich? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: And will you be writing more? Interviewee: Oh, definitely. I c an’t, yeah,10Well, I mean, you could tie my hands to my sides, I suppose, but I have to write. For my own mental health, I need to write.Part II Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D thatbest keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11. Such experience helps promote one’s alertness to other cultures, as well as a better appreciation of one’s own culture.A. preferenceB. adjustmentC. sensitivityD. response12. If you always try to find fault with others, it means that you have gained another shortcoming.A. ignoreB. criticizeC. impressD. follow13. The election will be brought forward to June as so many people are on holiday in July.A. prolongedB. adaptedC. postponedD. Advanced14. As to the question of refreshments, I should think orange juice and potato chips will be sufficient.A. enoughB. abundantC. satisfyingD. proper15. Watching these kids grow brings me satisfaction that is difficult to surpass.A. obtainB. exceedC. describeD. forget16. The journal published a series of articles that reviewed the prospects for a new era of “genetic 16. medicine”.A. backgroundB. explorationC. surveyD. outlook17.If you don’t slow down and take a break, you’ll be burned out very quickly.A. distressedB. anxiousC. exhaustedD. upset18. Following our merging with Smith Brothers, the new company will, from now on be known as Smith and Murphy Inc.A. cooperationB. meetingC. agreementD. combination19. Only native-born citizens are eligible for the U.S. Presidency.A. requiredB. qualifiedC. selectedD. elected20. It was 38 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room.A. simplyB. quicklyC. hardlyD. stronglyPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section A Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage OneWhat did you study at university? If it was something along the lines of law or business, you might want to look away now. That's because according to new research, which has found a link between our university subjects and our personalities, you have selfish, uncooperative tendencies and are not very in touch with your feelings. On the plus side, you're probably the life and soul of a party, the findings suggest. Researchers analyzed data from more than 13,000 university students who were involved in 12 separate studies. From this, they discovered a correlation between the “Big Five” major personality traits and the subjects they were enrolled on. For example, those studying law, economics, political science and medicine tended to be much more outgoing than those taking other subjects, the study found. But when it came to “agreeableness” -- the tendency towards being helpful, generous and considerate -- the lawyers scored particularly low, as did business and economics students. Arts andhumanities students, as well as those studying psychology and politics scored highly for openness, meaning they were curious, imaginative and in touch with their inner feelings, while economists, engineers, lawyers and scientists scored comparatively low. However, the arts and humanities students also tended to be less conscientious and more nervous, typically exhibiting signs of anxiety and moodiness. Psychology students were not far behind arts and humanities students for these traits. Study author Anna Vedel, from the University of Aarhus in Denmark, said she was surprised by the magnitude of the results. “The effect sizes show that the differences found are not trivial, far from,” she said. “On the more humorous side they do confirm our more or less prejudicial stereotypes of the disturbed psychologist, the withdrawn natural scientist, the cynical economist.” And she said that the findings could help those school pupils who currently have no idea what to study at university, as well as helping academics to plan their lectures. “I’m not arguing that these results should play a major role in either guidance or selection, but it might provide some inspiration for students that are in doubt about study choices and want to make a choice based on more than abilities, for example,” said Dr Vedel. “Or teachers might better understand their student population.”21.The first paragraph implies that law or business students may _______.A.be amused by the researchB.be interested in the researchC.dislike the researchD.enjoy the research22.According to the research, law students scored particularly low in the trait of_______. A. generosityB. opennessC. anxiety D. selfishness23. The word “conscientious” (Para. 4) probably means “________”.A. moodyB. sensitiveC. curiousD. careful24. Anna Vedel stated that the research _______.A. confirmed the link between personality and professionB. showed that the differences were far from significantC. was not reliable because of its prejudicial observationD. did not have enough samples to support its findings25. According to Anna Vedel, the research may help ______.A. students make wise choices in finding jobsB. teachers understand their students betterC. students make presentations more academicallyD. school pupils go to better universitiesPassage TwoAlphaGo’s victory over Go( 围棋)champion Lee Se-dol reportedly shocked artificial intelligence experts, who thought such an event was 10 to 15 years away. But if the timing was a surprise, the outcome was not. On the contrary, it was inevitable and entirely foreseeable. Playing complex games is precisely what computers do supremely well. Just as they beat the world champions at checkers(跳棋)and then chess, they were destined to beat the champion at Go. Yet I don’t believe, as some do, that human defeats like this one presage an era of mass unemployment in which awesomely able computers leave most ofus with nothing to do. Advancing technology will profoundly change the nature of high-value human skills and that is threatening, but we aren’t doomed. The skills of deep human interaction, the abilities to manage the exchanges that occur only between people, will only become more valuable. Three of these skills stand out: The first, the foundation of the rest, is empathy, which is more than just feeling someone else’s pain. It’s the ability to perceive what another person is thinking or feeling, and to respond in an appropriate way. The second is creative problem-solving in groups. Research on group effectiveness shows that the key isn’t team cohesion or motivation or even the smartest member’s IQ; rather, it’s the social sensitivity of the members, their ability to read one another and keep anyone from dominating. The third critical ability, somewhat surprisingly, is storytelling, which has not traditionally been valued by organizations. Charts, graphs and data analysis will continue to be important, but that’s exactly what technology does so well. To change people’s minds or inspire them to act, tell them a story. These skills, though basic to our humanity, are fundamentally different from the skills that have been the basis of economic progress for most of human history, logic, knowledge and analysis, which we learned from textbooks and in classrooms. By contrast, the skills of deep human interaction address the often irrational reality of how human beings behave, and we find them not in textbooks but inside ourselves. As computers master ever more co mplexity, that’s where we’ll find the source of our continued value.26. According to the author, AlphaGo’s victory_____.A. could have happened earlierB. came as a pleasant surpriseC. was an expected resultD. was more a matter of luck27. The word “presage”(Para. 2) is closest in meaning to“ _____”.A. surviveB. sufferC. inventD. predict28. What is the author’s attitude towards the human future in the face of technology?A. UnclearB. ConfusedC. WorriedD. Optimistic29. Which of the following is the most fundamental to human interaction?A. Social sensitivity of group members to understand each other.B. Strong ability to share people’s feelings and respond.C. Team spirit to make sure that everyone is involved.D. Inspirational storytelling to motivate people to act.30. According to the author, the skills of deep human interaction .A. are the source of true human values in the futureB. can work with knowledge to make the world betterC. are similar to the skills of human logic and analysisD. can be learned from textbooks and in classroomsPassage ThreeLast year, I went WWOOFing (Willing Workers on Organic Farms) at abeautiful organic farm in La Réunion. With WWOOFing, volunteers exchange their time and work for food and accommodation. I slept in a cabin in the woods with hedgehogs(刺猬) digging about in the bushes, all different coloured birds singing in the morning and endless rows of palm trees offering shade from the sun. For me, one of the best ways to get to know a new place is to work with the land, live with the locals and share meals together. This is why I absolutely love WWOOFing. It has got to be one of the best ways to travel. It is a mutually beneficial exchange where everyone involved prioritises people and environment above profit. You get the time and space to deepen a connection with local communities and nature. There is a lot to learn and each farm has its own unique way of doing things, depending on the environment, climate and soil. At the farm in La Réu nion we planted palm trees to harvest the core of the trunk which can be eaten in salads. Before staying with the farm I had only eaten heart of palm from cans which were nothing in comparison to the real thing, fresh from the ground. When potting up the very beginnings of the palm trees, I felt grateful to be a part of the start of the trees' cycle. I was filled with awe that something so small could grow into something so big and strong. We also did lots of weeding, which helped me to get to know all kinds of different plants, to be able to identify which ones we could use as herbs/medicine/in salads and which were seen as uneatable. I also got to harvest pineapples and guava fruit(番石榴) to make jams which will be sold at the local market. Of course, not everyone is able to travel far away into the field.The great thing about the skill-share philosophy behind WWOOFing is that it’s something we can all do from our own backyard. The focus shifts from money to how we can best support each other in our communities. A fair exchange can make a big difference in the world.31. WWOOFing enables volunteers to ________.A. get food and shelter for their workB.travel around La Réunion for freeC. tell the differences between various birdsD. have close contact with wild animals32. The author found his farm life in La Réunio n quite ______A. awfulB. rewardingC. comfortableD. difficult33. The author did all of the following on the organic farm EXCEPT _______.A. removing weedsB. planting palm treesC. harvesting fruitsD. collecting vegetables34. The philosophy of WWOOFing is to _______A. improve local environmentB. make locals live betterC. unite different communitiesD. advocate a fair exchange35. This passage is mainly about _____A. the development of WWOOFingB. a local WWOOFing communityC. a charming WWOOFing experienceD. the system of WWOOFingPassage FourExperts say distracted walking is a growing problem, as people of all ages become more dependent on electronic devices for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been rising in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all US deaths involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014. The rise in deaths coincides with states introducing bills that target pedestrians. Some states, such as Hawaii, Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York, continue to introduce legislation every year. The measure recently introduced by New Jersey assembly woman Pamela Lampitt would ban walking while texting and prohibit pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are hands-free. Violators would face fines of up to $50, 15-day imprisonment or both, which is the same penalty as jaywalking(乱穿马路). Half of the fine would be allocated to safety education about the dangers of walking while texting, said Lampit. Some see the proposal as an unnecessary government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt's reasoning. But most agree that people need to be made aware of the issue. "Distracted pedestrians, like distracted drivers, present a potential danger to themselves and drivers on the road," Lampitt said. "An individual crossing the road distracted by their smartphone presents just as much danger to motorists as someone jaywalking and should be held, at minimum, to the same penalty." The main question raised about the measure, though, is whether it can be enforced consistently by police officers whousually have more pressing matters to deal with. Some feel that rather than imposing a new law, the state should focus on distracted-walking education. Lampitt said the measure is needed to stop and penalize "risky behavior." She cited a National Safety Council report that showed distracted-walking incidents involving cellphones accounted for an estimated 11,101 injuries from 2000 through 2011. The study found a majority of those injured were female and most were 40 or younger. Talking on the phone was the most prevalent activity at the time of injury, while texting accounted for 12%. Nearly 80% of the injuries occurred as the result of a fall, while 9% occurred from the pedestrian striking a motionless object.36.This passage is mainly concerned with _____A. the difficulty in enforcing road regulationsB. rising deaths caused by distracted walkingC. the dangers of jaywalking on busy streetsD. distracted walking involving smart phones37. The states introducing bills that target pedestrians ________.A. have benefited from the billsB. find it hard to carry them outC. have been promoting the legislationD. will have fewer deaths of pedestrians38. According to the measure proposed by Lampitt, walking while texting would ______.A. become illegalB. involve safety educationC. be blamed publiclyD. incur a fine of over $5039. Lampitt reasons that distracted pedestrians are as dangerous as ________.A. motoristsB. speeding driversC. jaywalkersD. drunk drivers40. Which of the following would the author of the passage most probably agree with?A. Males are more vulnerable to distracted-walking injures.B. Police officers are unhappy with the proposed law.C. Safety education is more important than penalty.D. Rising distracted-walking incidents call for real attention.Section B Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answer A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.The saying “Clothes Make the Man” dates back some 400 years and it refers to the fact that when people see a well-dressed person, they assume that person is a professional, capable, and (especially in the old days) rich. Therefore, you had to dress like how you wanted to be perceived, what you wanted to eventually achieve. Fast forward 400 years, lots of folks still think the same way. But does it really make a difference? I happen to be one of those who do not put faith in the old saying. I suppose I might be in the minority but I am a member of an elite club with the likes of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates in my camp. Perception is not reality; perception is halfway to discovering reality.Perception is drawn from our own impressions, our own belief systems. Is it powerful and influential? Absolutely! Is it all that it seems? Less often than you think. How many times have you cast an initial judgment only to surprise yourself later and learn how you missed out on a great opportunity, person or idea? Comment 1 In the present era, many associate the well-dressed with being the most successful. It took folks in the business world a long time to overlook the way Steve Jobs wore jeans on the public stage. I did not know Mr. Jobs, though I wish I had. I have heard it said that he invented the concept of “business casual.” In my mind that is as much a matter of self-confidence as it is a matter of taste in clothing. Comment 2 You are wrong about Steve Jobs. He certainly did care about how he was perceived and his appearance was very much calculated to achieve his desired effect. From his early formal business clothing down to the aggressive casualness of his eventual black turtle neck and jeans uniform, his clothes and the impact they made were clearly foremost in his mind. Comment 3 It reminds me of the story about the philosopher who goes to a formal dinner party in jeans. When asked if he felt out of place because of his clothes, he looked around and said he hadn’t noticed.41.Which of the following might the writer of the passage agree with?A. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dress formally.B. We should not judge a person by his clothing.C. It is clothes that make the man.D. The well-dressed are most likely to succeed.42. According to the writer of the passage, perception ______.A. might prove wrongB. is powerful and reliableC. is half realityD. might be worthless to us43. The writer of Comment 1 seems to ______.A. dislike the way Steve Jobs dressed for business occasionsB. suggest that business people have no taste in clothingC. believe that the well-dressed are the most successfulD. think that Steve Jobs’ casualness reflected his self-confidence44. Speaking of Steve Jobs, the writer of Comment 2 ________.A. points out that Steve Jobs was a very aggressive personB. suggests that he and Steve Jobs used to be in the same clubC. holds the same view as the writer of the passageD. thinks Steve Jobs’ casualness was carefully thought out45.When he went to the dinner party in jeans (Comment 3), the philosopher _______A. thought that people liked his clothesB. was not aware of how his clothes lookedC. felt quite embarrassedD. considered himself out of placePart IV Cloze (10 points) Directions:In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are fourchoices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.The history of transportation is very long and full of changes and inventions. It starts ___46__ walking, which is not any invention; it just takes energy. People used to walk to get to other places. If you wanted to get somewhere quickly, the __47___way to do that was to run . Actually, the first invention for the transportation __48__ was the shoe. Centuries ago there were no shoes, and people walked barefoot. Then people invented ___49__ to transport themselves and materials from one place to another. In some cultures, people invented sledges(雪橇), ___50__ are a kind of board that you drag along the ground. You can tie things on the sledges to help carry them, but it’s a challenging invention ___51__ if you hit a rock with the sledges as you pull it, the contents can ___52___. In other cultures, people invented the wheels, which they used to make it easier to move things---and people. That was the beginning of many innovations in transportation. ___53___ people had wheels they could invent other ways to travel. They could put the wheels on a board and make it a wagon, and then they could ___54__ that wagon to an ox or a horse and ride as well as carry materials. That wheel led to __55___ we have today: trucks, automobiles, and even boats and planes. For example, there were steamboats that used giant wheels that turned with blades, pushing the water and pushing the boat forward.46. A. on B. at C. for D. with47. A. possible B. only C. one D. Just48. A. probably B. luckily C. really D. Formerly49. A. methods B. channels C. ways D. Measures50. A. what B. when C. where D. Which51. A. unless B. but C. even D. Since52. A. pull out B. slip off C. hold down D. put down53. A.Once B. Then C. However D.Yet54. A. stick B. make C. fasten D. change55. A. what B. that C. which D. howPart V Text Completion(20 points)Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to 75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed .First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Text One56. A.many B.choose C.think of D. ways of Phrases: A.56only one languageB.57any reason not toC.in58different waysD.the most boring59seeing the world I think every language has a certain way of seeing the world. Each is a whole different world – a whole different mindsets. I couldn’t possibly60because it would mean really giving up the possibility to be able to see the world. So the monolingual lifestyle, for me, is the saddest, the loneliest,62. There are so many advantages of learning a language; I reallycan’t63. Text Two A. known B. idea C. feelPhrases: A. but it may64like forever B. a person may have no65what is wrong C.what is66as panic disorder A panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror. Usually it does not last long, __67__. The cause can be something as normally uneventful at driving over a bridge or flying in an airplane. And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before. A fast heartbeat. Sweaty hands. Difficulty breathing. A lightheaded feeling. At first __68___. But these can all be signs of ___69____. The first appearance usually is between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four. 1n some cases it develops after a tragedy. Like the death of a loved one, or some other difficult situation. Text Three A.lights B.protect C. in the dark Phrases: A.sit at home70 B.turn off all non-essential71 C.passed a law to I’m a big fan of trying to save the environment, and this month is the WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) annual Earth Hour. Earth Hour is an event where you 73 and power between 8-9 pm, things like your TV and computer. However, you don’t just 74 for an hour. Instead, people gather in groups and have fun without using power. Things like dancing, fireworks and musical performances are popular and it’s very fun to take part. Earth Hour isn’t just about saving energy; people involved in Earth Hour have also planted a forest in Uganda, built2016年同等学力申硕英语真题参考答案及解析1.本题选 C 解析:根据第 1 题空格下面一行顾客说“我想我会用航空邮件寄”可以推断店员在问邮寄方式。
同等学力申硕心理学真题模拟及答案
同等学力申硕心理学真题模拟及答案同等学力申硕心理学真题及答案同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试心理学试卷一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)1.神经胶质细胞在神经元轴突周围形成的绝缘层称为( C )。
A.胞体B.树突C.髓鞘D.轴丘2.下列视觉现象中可用侧抑制作用解释的是( A )。
A.马赫带B.暗适应C.明适应D.后像3.由声波频率决定的主要听觉特性是(C )。
A.音响B.音调C.音高D.音色4.在问题空间中随机搜索所有可能的解决方法,直至选择有效的一种,这称为(C )。
A.逆向搜索策略B.手段—目的分析法C.算法策略D.爬山法5.一切不利于学生身心健康的研究都是不允许的,这体现了教育心理学研究的(C )。
A.客观性原则B.系统性原则C.理论联系实际原则D.教育性原则6.奥苏贝尔认为有意义学习的心理机制是( C )。
A.强化B.平衡C.同化D.顺应7.强调主体、情境、协作和资源作为促进教学条件的学习理论派别是(D )。
A.联结理论B.认知理论C.人本主义D.建构主义8.把音乐智力、人际智力、自知智力等包括在人类智力结构中的理论是(C )。
A.群因素论B.智力三元论C.多重智力论D.三维结构论9.一个人在肯定评价上的特征越多,强度越大,则给人的总体印象越好,越易为人所接纳,这属于总体印象形成中的( A )。
A.加法模式B.乘法模式C.平均模式D.加权平均模式10.寻找某一特定结果与特定原因之间的稳定联系,这体现了归因的(A )。
A.不变性原则B.特异性原则C.一致性原则D.折扣原则11.运动员在比赛中所获得的“名次”属于( B )。
A.等比数据B.等级数据C.分类数据D.等距数据12.利用陌生情境测量婴儿依恋表现的研究者是(B )。
A.鲍尔比(Bowlby)B.艾斯沃斯(Ainsworth)C.柯尔伯格(Kohlberg)D.艾里克森(Erikson)13.少年期心理上出现的“虚构的自我”、“假想的观众”等现象体现了其( D )。
同等学力申硕考试心理学综合真题及答案
同等学力申硕考试心理学综合真题及答案心理学是一门研究人类思维、情感和行为的科学,它对于我们了解自身和他人的心理过程具有重要的意义。
对于想要深入学习心理学的同等学力考生来说,理解和掌握心理学综合知识是至关重要的。
本文将为大家介绍一些心理学综合真题,并提供相应的答案和解析。
一、认知心理学部分1.关于工作记忆的概念和特点,以下说法中正确的是:A.在信息录入时没有转换为知觉信息B.是人类长期记忆的一个特殊分支C.主要负责保持信息在短时间内进行处理和操作D.只涉及到语言和符号的处理答案:C解析:工作记忆是指在信息处理过程中,暂时存储、操纵和利用信息的能力。
它主要负责保持信息在短时间内进行处理和操作,包括语言和非语言信息的处理。
2.下面哪个概念与心理启蒙运动有关?A.经典条件反射B.无意识C.心理分析D.心理学实验答案:A解析:经典条件反射是心理学的重要概念之一,与心理启蒙运动有关。
心理启蒙运动是18世纪欧洲兴起的一场思想运动,主张人类应该通过理性思考和科学实验来认识世界,而不是依赖于传统的宗教和权威。
二、社会心理学部分1.下面哪个概念与自我概念有关?A.认知失调理论B.群体效应C.心理辅导D.自我实现答案:D解析:自我概念是社会心理学中的重要概念,它指的是个体对自己的理性和主观认识。
自我实现是指个体通过不断发展和实现自己的潜力,达到自我概念中的目标。
2.下面哪个理论解释了为什么人们会在群体中失去个体判断力?A.社会认知理论B.拥抱集体意识C.去个体化D.从众效应答案:D解析:从众效应是指个体在群体中为避免被排斥和与他人保持一致而失去个体判断力。
这一现象可以通过社会心理学中的从众效应来解释。
三、发展心理学部分1.根据托尔曼提出的语言发展阶段理论,以下哪个顺序是正确的?A.单词和短语的使用→问句示范→否定句的使用B.单词和短语的使用→否定句的使用→问句示范C.问句示范→否定句的使用→单词和短语的使用D.否定句的使用→问句示范→单词和短语的使用答案:A解析:根据托尔曼的语言发展阶段理论,儿童语言的发展顺序应为:单词和短语的使用→问句示范→否定句的使用。
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2016 年同等学力心理学申硕考试真题
一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)
1.思维的基本过程是( B )
A.比较与分类
B.分析与综合
C.抽象与概括
D.系统化与具体化
2.下列各项中不属于音高听觉理论的是( C )
A.电话说
B.神经齐射说
C.拮抗过程说
D.行波理论
3.鲁利亚认为脑干网状结构和边缘系统的机能属于( B )
A.行为调节系统
B.动力系统
C.信息接受系统
D.信息存储系统
4.镶嵌图形的特点可以用于测量的认知风格是( D )
A.自动化加工与意识控制加工
B.冲动与沉思
C.同时性与继时性加工
D.场独立性与场依存性
5.幼儿思维的主要特点是( C )
A.可逆性
B.抽象性
C.具体形象性
D.去自我中心性
6.在新生儿阶段通常不具备的是( D )
A.吸吮反射
B.巴宾斯基反射
C.抓握反射
D.初级循环反应
7.在被试内实验设计中,控制练习效应和疲劳效应的常用方法是( B )
A.恒定法
B.平衡法
C.双盲设计
D.纳入处理
8.一定属于多因素实验设计的是( A )
A.混合设计
B.被试内设计
C.随机区组设计
D.被试间设计
9.下列实验中不能用来论证社会学习理论的是( B )
A.抗拒诱惑实验
B.水下击靶实验
C.攻击反应的学习实验
D.言行一致实验
10.建立在“官能心理学”基础上的迁移理论是( A )
A.形式训练说
B.概括原理说
C.共同因素说
D.关系转换说
11.定量地揭示整个群体的人际关系状况以及各成员在该群体内人际关系状况的方法是
(A )
A.社交测量法
B.罗夏墨迹测验
C.角色扮演法
D.主题统觉测验
12.为了保持认知的协调,外在理由越缺乏,越需要内在理由的补充,这种心理反应被称作( B )
A.催眠者效应
B.不充分理由效应
C.睡眠者效应
D.过度理由效应
13.一个研究者报告独立样本的t检验的结果t(24)=2.53,根据这个结果可以推知研究被试总人数为( D )
A.23
B.24
C.25
D.26
14.一项调查表明抽烟量较大的人群比抽烟较少或不抽烟的人群患肺癌的比率更高,据此我们可以说,抽烟量与患肺癌比率这两个变量间存在着( A )
A.相关关系
B.因果关系
C.函数关系
D.包含关系
15.一项研究涉及到职业,我们用1表示“农民”,2表示“教师”,3表示“公务员”,这里的数据123属于( C )
A.等级数据
B.比率数据
C.称名数据
D.等距数据
16.已知某校男、女学生对某项教育措施各自持“同意”和“反对”态度的人数,若要了解性别与变量是否有关,则应该计算( C )
A.积差相关
B.等级相关
C.Ø相关
D.二列相关
17.以下各项中属于投射测验的是( D )
A.韦氏量表
B.个性偏好测验
C.比纳量表
D.主题统觉测验
18.可以作为同质性信度指标的是( C )
A.肯德尔和谐系数
B.差异系数
C.克伦巴赫系数
D.确定系数
19.最早采用智力年龄概念的是( A )
A.比纳量表
B.瑞雯推理测验
C.韦氏量表
D.斯坦福比纳量表
20.一项研究假设为:经过知觉运动学习的左利手儿童比未经过这种学习的儿童在眼手协调的作业上做得更出色,然而这种差别不出现在右利手儿童中,这项实验中“是否经过学习”是( C )
A.中介变量
B.因变量
C.调节变量
D.自变量
二、名词解释(每小题3分,共24分)
1.效果律
2.鉴别指数
3.晕轮效应
4.成熟势力说
5.社会惰化
6.概念形成
7.暗适应
8.抽样分布
三、简答题(每小题6分,共36分)
1.简述兴趣及其类型.
2.简述短时记忆的特点.
3.简述心理测量的特质.
4.简述实验法的显著特点.
5.简述社会测量法及其具体形式.
6.简述利用一组原始数据编制次数分布表的主要步骤.
四、论述题(每小题10分,共20分)
1.结合文学著作人物形象,论述奥尔波特的人格特质理论.
2.阐述不同理论对儿童性别角色发展的看法.。