英国经济介绍the UK economy
英国经济英语作文
The United Kingdom,often referred to as the UK,has a diverse and dynamic economy that is one of the largest in the world.It is a significant player in the global economy,with a GDP ranking among the top ten.Here are some key aspects of the British economy that could be discussed in an English essay on this topic:1.Economic Structure:The UK economy is predominantly servicebased,with services accounting for around80%of the GDP.Key service sectors include finance,insurance, real estate,and business services.2.Financial Sector:London is a global financial hub,home to the London Stock Exchange and numerous international banks and financial institutions.The financial sector is a major contributor to the UK economy,offering a wide range of services and products.3.Manufacturing:Despite the dominance of the service sector,manufacturing still playsa significant role in the UK economy.The automotive,aerospace,and pharmaceutical industries are particularly strong.4.Innovation and Technology:The UK is known for its innovation in technology and research.It has a vibrant tech startup scene,particularly in cities like London,Manchester, and Edinburgh.5.Trade:The UK is a major trading nation,with exports and imports being crucial to its economy.The European Union has traditionally been the UKs largest trading partner,but postBrexit,the UK is seeking to diversify its trade relationships.6.Monetary Policy:The Bank of England is responsible for setting the UKs monetary policy,including interest rates,to maintain price stability and support economic growth.7.Fiscal Policy:The UK government uses fiscal policy to influence the economy through taxation and public spending.This can include measures such as adjusting the tax rates or increasing public investment to stimulate economic activity.bour Market:The UK has a flexible labour market with a relatively low unemployment rate.It has a diverse workforce with a mix of skilled and unskilled labour.9.Economic Challenges:The UK faces several economic challenges,including managing the economic implications of Brexit,addressing income inequality,and transitioning to a lowcarbon economy.10.Economic Indicators:Key economic indicators to monitor the health of the UK economy include GDP growth rate,inflation,unemployment rate,and the balance of trade.11.Regulatory Environment:The UK has a wellestablished regulatory framework that supports business operations and consumer protection.This includes financial regulation, competition law,and employment rights.12.Infrastructure:The UK has a developed infrastructure,including transportation networks,telecommunications,and utilities,which are essential for economic activity.cation and Skills:The UK has a strong education system that produces a skilled workforce.This is crucial for maintaining the countrys competitive edge in the global economy.14.Public Services:The UK government provides a range of public services,including healthcare NHS,education,and social security,which are funded through taxation.15.Sustainable Development:The UK is committed to sustainable development and has set targets for reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewable energy sources.In your essay,you could explore these aspects in more detail,providing specific examples,data,and analysis to support your discussion of the UK economy.。
英语国家概况 - (大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合帝国 )第六章 英国经济
第六章英国经济英国是世界上最老的工业国，工业革命首先发生在英国。
一个世纪前英国被称为"世界工广"。
英国生产出许多商品然后销往世界各地。
那时的英国经济属世界强国之林，生活水平远远高于欧洲邻国。
但是今非昔比。
二战后不久，英国不仅失去经济霸权，而且其工业领导地位也丢失大部分。
其人均国民生产总值在1900年被美国超过，1950年被法国和德国超过，1960年被意大利超过。
1950年至1973年间，英国的国民生产总值平均年增产率为3.0%，低于其大多数贸易伙伴。
经济发展受阻于长期收支差额赤字。
一个国家的收支差额是指出口所挣的货币与进口所花货币之间的差额。
当一个国家花在进口上的总货币量超过它在出口上得到的总货币量时，这个国家就遭受收支差额的赤字。
几十年来英国一直存在收支差额赤字。
在增长率上英国再也不能与其他工业国匹敌。
现在常用"英国病"这个词来概括英国经济衰退的特征。
I.二战后英国经济的演变二战后英国经济的发展有三个阶段:1.15年代和60年代的稳定发展二战蹂躏了欧洲。
战争使英国经济遭受巨大损失，但它所受的直接战争损失比其他欧洲国家和日本要小。
美国的援助使英国经济很快恢复。
被战争抑制的消费需求很快成了促进经济发展的重要因素。
到1947年底英国经济已恢复到战前水平。
1950年英国的国民生产总值及外贸列世界第二位(仅次于美国)，人均收入列世界第三位。
这一时期英国经济的特点是发展缓慢但很稳定，失业少，物质的极度繁荣伴随着消费水平的提高。
像所有西方国家一样，英国把充分就业问题看作是战后经济的突出问题，它所奉行的经济政策以约翰·凯恩斯理论为基础。
他提出，政府在利用物价和收入政策从根本上抑制通货膨胀的同时，应该利用财政和货币政策来微调社会的总需求，以达到充分就业的目的。
这种以高消费和低投资为特点的政策也产生了一些问题，其中之一是劳动力费用昂贵，这反过来又导致英国在国际市场上竞争力低下。
英语国家社会与文化入门（上册）汉语译文之英国UKeconomy
Absolute Decline and RelativeDecline到19世纪80年代英国经济在世界上占主导地位产生一个世界上，一半的煤，铁，半制成品的棉花三分之一。
英国航运数额更大的世界其他地区加起来比。
但即使到1900年这不再是这样，英国有超过都被美国和德国，当然也从1945年到现在，对英国经济的故事通常是作为一个思想的下降。
这是可以理解的，而是误导，因为它实际上一直是经济稳定增长时期，迅速提高生活水平。
英国仍然是七工业经济大集团之一。
但也有描述为这一时期下降的原因之一。
中英双方作为第二次世界大战的成功盟友之一战后世界，同其主要竞争对手的一些国家，如德国和日本，经济遭到破坏。
同时英国是一个更加庞大帝国的中心。
数字显示，英国是仅次于美国在国际经济中。
因此，英国当时显然是在强大的经济地位，它的地位显然不再占据，这表明一些下降排序。
但基本的正面描述的经济规模表面上的事实，世界贸易是英国比例很高，因此在1945年，没有透露有关英国的立场，重要的负面事实即使这样。
首先该国了负债累累，以资助战争，累计出售其海外资产多，借用美国和加拿大的大量资金。
这些债务意味着英国进入一个重大的经济问题，战后时代。
其次，帝国时代已经结束。
印度，俗称为“在大英帝国的皇冠”珠宝称，1947年取得独立，只有2年后战争结束。
这是在帝国的最大元素，提供原材料，并为英国商品的大市场。
这与印度的关系已不再可用，帝国的其它国家也纷纷仿效印度独立，剩下的只是一个中等规模的欧洲国家，英国的人口只有五分之一的美国的大小，第三，尽管相对快速和顺利的非殖民化自由的过程中，英国仍然不得不维持一个庞大而昂贵的地方，许多海外的军事存在，直到该进程完成（主要是由60年代末）。
此外，政府立场的其中一个职位的塑造者，战后世界需要大量的军事贡献，作为北约的主要伙伴之一两者，作为安理会常任理事国。
所有这一切的结果是英国用于军事比其大多数竞争对手其国民财富（尤其是其研究和开发预算）的比例较高。
英国经济过去和现在的状况比较英语作文
英国经济过去和现在的状况比较英语作文The UK economy has undergone significant changes over the past few decades, with both positive and negative trends impacting its overall performance. In this essay, I will compare the past and present state of the UK economy, focusing on key economic indicators such as GDP growth, unemployment rates, inflation, and income inequality.In the 20th century, the UK economy was largely characterized by manufacturing and industrial production. Industries such as steel, coal, textiles, and automobiles were major contributors to the economy, employing millions of workers and driving economic growth. However, the decline of these industries in the late 20th century caused a significant shift in the UK economy, leading to increased reliance on the service sector.Today, the service sector accounts for more than 80% of the UK economy, with industries such as finance, healthcare, education, and technology playing a key role in driving economic growth. The rise of the digital economy and the increasing importance of services have led to a more diversified and dynamic economy, with higher levels of innovation and productivity.In terms of GDP growth, the UK has seen fluctuations over the past few decades. In the 1980s and 1990s, the UK experienced robust economic growth, fueled by investments in infrastructure and deregulation of industries. However, the global financial crisis of 2008 had a significant impact on the UK economy, leading to a recession and slow recovery in the following years. In recent years, the UK has seen moderate GDP growth, with an annual growth rate of around 1-2%.Unemployment rates have also fluctuated over the past few decades, with periods of high unemployment in the 1980s and 1990s followed by a decline in the early 2000s. The global financial crisis of 2008 led to a sharp increase in unemployment, reaching a peak of around 8% in 2011. Since then, unemployment rates have gradually declined, reaching pre-crisis levels in recent years. However, underemployment and income inequality remain significant challenges, with many workers in low-paying and insecure jobs.Inflation has been relatively stable in the UK over the past few decades, with the Bank of England targeting an inflation rate of around 2%. Inflation peaked in the 1970s and 1980s, driven by high oil prices and wage growth. However, inflation hasremained below the target rate in recent years, reflecting weak demand and low wage growth.Income inequality has been a persistent issue in the UK, with the gap between the rich and poor widening over the past few decades. While the UK has a relatively high median income compared to other countries, income inequality remains high, with the top 1% of earners capturing a significant share of national income. This has led to social tensions and calls for greater redistribution of wealth through higher taxes on the wealthy.In conclusion, the UK economy has undergone significant changes over the past few decades, with a shift towards services and digital industries driving economic growth. While the UK has seen moderate GDP growth and declining unemployment rates in recent years, income inequality and underemployment remain significant challenges. Addressing these issues will be crucial to ensuring sustainable and inclusive economic growth in the future.。
英美国家概况 译文Unit 5 The UK Economy (英国的经济)
4) causes for the relative decline 相对衰退的原因
① Britain has gone into heavy debt to finance the war (selling many accumulated overseas assets, borrowing large amounts from the US and Canada) 为了给战争筹集资金，英国已经背上了沉重的债务
② British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained independence —the end of the era of empire. 过去常常为英国提供原材料和广阔市场的英国殖民地纷纷独立。
Summary of the decline:
The UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945. but this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly, it has slid from being the 2nd largest economy to being the 6th.
2) By 1900, overtaken by the U.S and Germany.
一直到19世纪80年代，英国经济一直在世界上居于主导地位。但是到20世纪时，它被美国和德国超过。
英国经济200字英文作文
英国经济200字英文作文英文：The UK economy has been through some ups and downs in recent years. In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the country experienced a period of slow growth and high unemployment. However, in recent years, the economy has bounced back and is now one of the fastest-growing in Europe.One factor that has contributed to this growth is the government's commitment to reducing the budget deficit. By cutting spending and increasing taxes, the government has been able to reduce the deficit from 10% of GDP in 2010 to around 2% today. This has helped to restore confidence in the UK economy and attract investment.Another factor that has helped the economy is thegrowth of the tech sector. London has become a hub for tech startups, and companies like Deliveroo and TransferWisehave achieved global success. This has created jobs and boosted productivity, and the government has been keen to support this sector with tax breaks and other incentives.However, there are also challenges facing the UK economy. Brexit is causing uncertainty, and the outcome of negotiations with the EU could have a significant impact on trade and investment. In addition, the country's productivity growth has been sluggish, which could limitits ability to compete in the global economy in the long term.Overall, the UK economy has shown resilience in the face of challenges, but there is still work to be done to ensure sustained growth and prosperity.中文：英国经济近年来经历了一些起伏。
UK economy
The Economy 英国经济I. The Evolution of the British Economy since the WarThe evolution of the British economy since WWII falls into three periods:二战后英国经济发展可分为三个阶段：(1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s: The British economy in this period is characterized by slow but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standards of consumption.（1）战后50-60年代平稳发展时期。
其主要特点是经济缓慢而持续增长，失业率低，物质丰富，人民消费水平不断增长。
(2) Economic recession in the 70s: In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate, and the high record of trade deficits.（2）70年代经济滞胀。
在70年代，英国在所有的发达资本主义国家中，始终保持最低经济增长率，最高的通货膨胀率，和最高的贸易赤字纪录。
(3) Economic recovery in the 80s: An outstanding feature of the economic recovery in the 80s was its length, lasting seven years. Another was the improved financial position of the government, with stronger current account of the balance of payments.（3）80年代经济复苏。
英国经济发展英文作文
英国经济发展英文作文英文：The UK economy has undergone significant development over the past few decades. One of the major driving forces behind this growth has been the country's shift towards a service-based economy. This has led to the growth of industries such as finance, technology, and creative industries, which have all contributed to the UK's economic success.Another factor that has contributed to the UK's economic growth is its openness to international trade. The country has a long history of trade with other countries and has established itself as a hub for international business. This has allowed UK businesses to access new markets and customers, while also attracting foreign investment and talent.However, the UK economy has also faced challenges inrecent years, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. This has led to a period of slow growth and uncertainty, as businesses and consumers alike have been cautious about spending and investment.Despite these challenges, the UK economy has shown resilience and continues to grow. The government has implemented policies to support small businesses and encourage innovation, while also investing in infrastructure and education to support long-term growth.Overall, the UK economy has come a long way and continues to evolve. While there are challenges and uncertainties, there are also opportunities for growth and success.中文：过去几十年，英国经济发展取得了显著进展。
英国经济概况
英国经济概况1.自然资源英国是欧盟中能源资源最丰富的国家，也是世界主要生产石油和天然气的国家。
主要资源有煤、石油、天然气、核能和水力等。
煤可采储量达46亿吨。
目前预测石油储量为70亿吨。
1995年英为世界第九大产油国。
目前预测天然气储量为12260-38000亿立方米，是世界第五大产天然气国。
铁矿储量为27亿吨。
森林覆盖面积240万公顷，占英国本土面积约10%。
英国开发核能有几十年的历史，目前供发电的核电站有14座。
英国的非能源资源不丰富，主要工业原料依赖进口。
2.经济简史英国是最早开始工业化进程的资本主义国家。
第一次工业革命首先发生在英国。
1850 年，英国在世界工业总产值中占39%，在世界贸易中占21%，均居垄断地位。
第一次世界大战期间，英国的经济实力遭到严重打击，英国占有250年的海上霸权丧失了。
第二次世界大战以后, 英国的经济力量遭到更严重的削弱，殖民地市场进一步缩小。
60年代后期推行的高税、福利和国有化政策使英国经济处于极端困难境地。
然而,英国由于工业发展历史较长，有比较完整的国民经济体系和工业体系，所以仍属世界上有较强经济实力的国家。
1973年，英国加入欧洲经济共同体，改变了其依赖英联邦各国和发展中国家的传统,转而加强与欧洲国家的贸易关系。
1979年，以撒切尔夫人为首的保守党政府开始治理“英国病”,其措施是：强调发挥市场经济作用，减少国家干预，紧缩开支，降低税收，整顿福利，调整工业, 取消外汇管制，推行私有化和货币主义政策。
结果使英国经济有了明显的恢复。
3.经济概况英国的国内生产总值(GDP)在西方国家中居第六位，落后于美国、日本、德国、法国和意大利。
私有企业是英国经济的主体，占据了生产总值的82%和总就业的79%。
近年来，服务业在国内生产总值的比重不断增大，已占71.1%，而工业比重却逐渐缩小，仅占27.1%。
英国经济在经历了1990年开始的衰退后，从1992年起开始复苏。
政府一直采取紧缩的经济政策：控制公共开支以维持良好的财政状况，保持通膨率低水平发展，降低利率以促进经济发展。
(10.13)Unit_5_The_UK_Economy 英国经济
Third, Britain spent a higher proportion of national wealth on the military than most of its competitors. (decolonization, a member of NATO, a member of the UN Security Council.)
The Reasons for the Relative Decline of UK Economy
First: After World War II, the UK had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war, selling many of its accumulated overseas assets, and borrowing large amounts from the US and Canada.
45668美元
40055美元 36698美元 2177美元 40669美元
2.2%
2.0% 2.6% 11.4% 2.9%
35 HONG KONG
2045.02亿美元
29298美元
5.8%
(CIA statistics, Feb. 12, 2008）
２０10世界主要经济体ＧＤＰ排名
Recent History
Second, the era of empire was over. the independence of its colonies makes Britain lose big markets for British goods, and the independent colonies stopped providing raw materials to the UK, leaving Britain as just a medium-size European country.
英国国家概况之英国经济
2019年10月5日
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二战时期英国的“货币战争”
• 二战期间，英国打了一场极为隐秘的战争：反抗大面积涌入的，足以使经 济崩溃的假钞。纳粹德国为了破坏英国经济，制造了价值上亿的假钞。截止 1945年，三分之一强的英镑是假钞。
1939年9月，丘吉尔考虑过造假的提议，但未能计划周详怎样将其付诸
行动。1940年4月11日，英国特情组织的负责人拜会了首相张伯伦，询问内
阁在敌人领土上散播伪造的德国马克的可能性和可取性。张伯伦总结道，英
201镑 大9年和”1德。0月国5日马克的实力悬殊，“如果德国报复，我们明显会比他们的损失
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The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking
17thC, a leader in textile
1588 defeated Spanish Armada
1700-1944 British Empire
1750-1850 Industrial Revolution
workshop of the world(P70)
Saturday, October 05, 2019
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认识英国经济知识点总结
认识英国经济知识点总结英国是欧洲最大的岛国，也是全球第五大经济体，经济实力雄厚。
英国的经济发展主要依托于服务业，金融、保险、房地产等行业发达。
工业和农业也占有一定比重。
本文将围绕英国经济的宏观概况、经济结构、政府经济政策、经济发展趋势等方面对英国经济进行详细分析并总结知识点。
一、宏观概况1.1 国家地理、人口、货币英国位于欧洲西部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成。
它是一个多元文化的国家，拥有广泛的宗教信仰和语言。
英国人口约为6600万人，货币为英镑。
1.2 国民经济总体情况英国是发达国家，其国民经济总体相对较为强大。
英国国内生产总值（GDP）总体较高，人均GDP居世界前列。
工业、服务业和农业发展并重，经济结构合理。
英国的经济体量大，实力强，对世界经济影响力巨大。
1.3 贸易状况英国是国际贸易大国，自19世纪以来一直是国际贸易的中心。
英国贸易活跃，出口和进口规模大，市场开放程度高。
英国对世界上许多国家有贸易往来，是全球贸易大国之一。
二、经济结构2.1 服务业英国的服务业非常发达，包括金融、保险、房地产、运输、通讯、商业服务等行业。
金融业是英国最大的服务业，伦敦金融城是全球金融中心之一。
保险业也是英国的传统优势产业，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的经验。
房地产业也非常发达，住房市场活跃，房地产投资广泛。
2.2 工业英国的工业发达，主要包括汽车、航空航天、制药、机械等行业。
汽车产业是英国传统优势产业之一，英国的卡车、汽车制造技术一直处于国际先进水平。
航空航天产业也是英国的支柱产业，英国的航空航天技术一直处于国际领先地位。
制药、机械等产业也是英国的传统支柱产业之一。
2.3 农业英国的农业发达，主要包括畜牧业、种植业等。
畜牧业是英国传统优势产业之一，英国的奶制品、肉制品一直享誉世界。
种植业也非常发达，主要种植小麦、玉米、马铃薯等。
三、政府经济政策3.1 财政政策英国的财政政策稳健，力求经济平衡。
英国政府一直致力于控制财政赤字，缩减财政支出，控制债务规模。
英国经济
Recent History of Economy
After the Second World War, the then labour government took several major industries out of private ownership and nationalized them The first state-run industries including: The Bank of England Coal, civil aviation, electricity, railways and the Post Office.
General Survey
Recent History of Economy
The
pattern of British industry has changed radically since the Second World War: With manufacturing industries declining and Service industries growing.
Recent History of Economy
The government also shares in various other important companies like British Petroleum and British Leyland (motor vehicles). But in Britain‟s mixed economy, nationalized industries account for only 10% of the Gross National Product, 8% of all employees and yet almost 20% of total industrif Economy
英国经济
服务业
服务业包括金融保险、零售、旅游和商业服务等,是 英经济的支柱产业。 伦敦是世界著名金融中心，拥有现代化金融服务体 系，从事跨国银行借贷、国际债券发行、基金投资 等业务，同时也是世界最大外汇交易市场、最大保 险市场、最大黄金现货交易市场、最大衍生品交易 市场、重要船贷市场和非贵重金属交易中心，并拥 有数量最多的外国银行分支机构或办事处。 伦敦金融城从业者达32.4万人。
可能仅是一厢情愿
这场王室婚礼被英国首相卡 梅伦形容为“天大喜事”， 英国政府寄望盛事可带旺国 家经济，同时分散国民对经 济不景气的注意力。但有分 析人士认为这只是一厢情愿， 商界更认为王室婚礼当天被 列为法定公众假期，对英国 经济是得不偿失。
交通运输业
英交通基础设施较齐全。陆路、铁 路、水路、航空运输均较发达。伦敦有 十分发达的地铁网。1994年英法海底隧 道贯通，将英国与欧洲大陆的铁此制定了十年规划，计划 从2001－2010年十年间投资1800亿英 镑用于维护和改善交通。
旅游业
英国旅游收入占世界第五位，仅次于美国、 西班牙、法国和意大利，旅游业是英最重要 的经济部门之一，产值占国内生产总值的5%， 从业人员210万。 伦敦是外国游客必到之处，且旅馆众多，但 旅馆房间多为豪华型，经济型房间较为紧缺； 而餐馆在数量和风味上都有很大增加，可满 足不同口味的需求。主要旅游地区有：伦敦、 爱丁堡、卡迪夫、布赖顿、格林尼治、斯特 拉福、牛津和剑桥等。
英国王室大婚为GDP贡献 贡献 英国王室大婚为 0.25%
29日上午11时(北京时间19时15分)，英 国第二皇位继承人威廉王子与平民王妃 凯特·米德尔顿的婚礼将在伦敦举行。民 众期待着浪漫的婚礼，而经济学家们关 心的是，在金融危机阴影下，这场花费 5000万英镑的皇家婚礼能够为疲软的英 国经济打上一剂强心针。
英国概况 英国经济 英文
2.Fishing Industry
1)It provides 55% of the UK demand for fish 2)Scottish ports land the majority of the fish caught
de
3.Energy Production 1)Oil
a.British became a major oil and gas producer since the oil and gas have been discovered under the North Sea in the 1970s(which led to UK become
Division of the economic sectors 1.primary industry 2.secondary industry 3.tertiary industry/service industry
Primary Industry
Divide into 3 parts: 1.Agriculture 2.Fishing industry 3.Energy production
Tertiary Industry(It produce 65% of national wealth)
Divide into :1.Retailing 2.Tourism 3.Services(London Stock Exchange,one of the best shareDealing centres in the world) 4.Advertising 5.others
The economical situation of UK
2008:The UK went into a recession in the second quarter(It’s the fist time that the UK
英国经济economy of the UK
process
It was transformed into an urban and industrialised country with industrial revolutions at home starting from the late 18th century.
In the 1880s, Britain had become a dominant economic power. Its wealth was based on international trade and the payments that it received for its exported products.
the UK had been weakened by the costs of the World War II, .But it also brought an immediate transformation of the UK`s economic structure and policy。
From the sixteenth century, the growth of a colonial empire contributed to national wealth as Britain capitalized on its worldwide trading connections.
Nuclear energy: solar energy wind power, waterpower biofuels
• The average arable land of the UK is not so abundant,therefore, the United Kingdom pay more attention to agricultural productivity and land units to increase the yield per unit area.
英语国家概况 第6章 英国经济
①The economy of the UK is the fifth-largest in the world in terms of market ex¬change rates and the sixth-largest bypurchasing power parity（PPP）.①按照市场汇率计算，英国是世界第五大经济体，按购买力平价计算排名世界第六。
②It is the second-largest economy （第二大经济体）in Europe after Germany.②是欧洲继德国之后第二大经济体。
③According to the World Bank’s statistics, its GDP per capita in2012 was the 25th-highest in the world.③根据世界银行的统计，其2012.年国内生产总值在世界排名第二十五位。
④In 2012, the UK was the 11th-largest exporter and the sixth-largest importer in the world.④2012年，英国是世界第十一大出口国和世界第六大进口国。
2）英国是世界上全球化程度最高的国家之一。
其首都伦敦是世界主要的金融中心之一，其他的金融中心还有纽约、中国香港和新加坡。
3）英国经济体是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰经济体组成。
英国在1973年成为欧洲共同体的成员国，并签署了《马斯赫特条约》，在1993年欧盟成立之初便成为欧盟成员国。
1）1945-1960s Following the end of World War Ⅱ, the UK enjoyed a longperiod without a major recession （from 1945 to 1973）and arapid growth in prosperity in the 1950s and 1960s.1）1945年到20世纪60年代：第二次世界大战结束后，很长的一段时间内，英国保持平稳发展，没有出现大的经济衰退（1945年到1973年），在50、60年代，经济繁荣发展，增长快速。
【精品】英国经济
第五章英国经济绝对衰退和相对衰退到19世纪80年代，英国经济在世界上占主导地位，生产世界上1/3的制成品，1/2的煤炭和1/2的棉花。
英国航运量比世界其它国家的总量还要大。
但是这种状况持续时间不长，甚至到1900年时，已不再是这种局面，英国被美国和德国超过。
当然，从1945年直到现在，英国经济通常都被认为是一种衰退。
这是可以理解的，但是也相当容易引起误解，因为事实上，在这段期间，经济是稳步增长的，人们生活水平也在迅速提高。
英国仍然是七大工业国之一（美、英、德、法、日、意、加）。
但是把这段时间描述成经济衰退期也是有原因的。
英国作为在二战中胜利的联盟国之一进入了战后的世界，而其主要竞争对手们如德国和日本经济遭到了严重破坏。
而且英国仍然是大帝国的中心。
统计数字表明，英国在国际经济中仅次于美国而位居第二。
因而，很明显，那时的英国经济繁荣昌盛，而这样繁荣的经济它已不再拥有，这表明某种性质的衰退。
但是显示1945年英国的经济规模以及它在当时世界贸易中所占的高比例等等那些看似乐观的数据，掩盖了当时英国已处于极为不利地位的重要事实。
第一，为了资助战争，该国已经债台高筑，出卖了许多长期积累的海外资产，并从美国和加拿大借了大量的外债。
这些债务意味着英国是带着严重的经济问题进入战后时期的。
第二，帝国时代结束了。
俗称大英帝国的“皇冠上的珠宝”的印度于1947年也就是二战结束的两年之后，赢得了独立。
印度是大英帝国最大的要素，为英国产品提供原材料和广阔的消费市场。
与印度的这种关系已不复存在，继1947年印度独立以后，其他原英属殖民地相继独立，使得英国成了一个土地面积大小仅为中等的欧洲国家，人口也只有美国的1/5。
第三，尽管非殖民化的过程相对迅速，相对平静，英国还是被迫在此过程结束（大多是到了60年代末）之前在许多海外殖民地区驻扎大量军队，军费开支巨大。
作为战后世界的建造者之一――既是北大西洋公约组织的主要伙伴之一，又是联合国安理会成员国之一――英国需要在军事上做大量的贡献。
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She carried out an extensive programe of privatisation Throughout the 1980s.
Many state-owned enterprises became privately owned under this policy.
State-owned →→→ privately owned
★the Prime Ministership of Margaret Thatcher ★the ‘New Labour’ government came to power in 1997
Today
UK’s economy is one of the Europe’s largest system. It is a developed nation that now stands at a risk of being seriously affected by recession. Recent UK GDP economic data reveals a lot about Exports and imports how Global Economic Crisis of 2008 has AFFECTED its economy.
Inflation
Consumer price index annual inflation in UK was around 4.1% in November 2008.
Tips: CPI-consumer price index 消费物价指数 RPI-retail price index 零售物价指数
telecom
英国石油公司 Associated British Ports 英国联合港口公司
steel
航 空 无 线 电 公 司
coal
Water conservancy
They all became privately owned
Electric system
More than 40% state-owned enterprises became privately owned
The feature in economy of the UK
• A. Privatisation(私有化)
Main Point • A. Social situation before the program
• B Privitisation program was carried out • C The result of the program
We can see the development and advancement in manufacturing industry of England. Now I will give you a brief introduction about this.
Next, follow me! Let‘s go to UK for a visit!
telecom
They were state-owned
steel
oil
However, problems appeared…… a. Great losses（亏损） b. High cost of production c. High rates of inflation(通货膨胀） d. Low labor productivity(劳动生产率） ( the labor productivity was 40% lower than it was in private enterprise then) e. Slow growth in economy……………… At this time, a woman came onto the stage,which brought a turning point in UK’s history
Inflation
GDP
In third quarter of 2008, gross domestic product of UK contracted by 0.6 percent.
Exports and Imports
In 2007, total UK exports amounted to around $320 billion, total UK imports amounted to about $451 billion.
State-owned →→→ privately owned Main reason:
1. Needs of tax cut to promote economic development and increase the efficiency of company 2. Difficulty in finance of the government 3. Other people think that it had some relation with the fight among the parties
Margaret Hilda Thatcher 撒切尔
Born in 1925 The first female prime minister in UK history The first female prime minister in Europe Margaret Hilda Thatcher
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Big Ben
Buckingham Palace
British Museum
Tower Bridge
London Eye
Britain is a world economic power, is one of the earliest countries to develop tourism. In 1840, Thomas Cook organized the first trains train travel activities, marking the birth of the tourism industry in the UK first.
Before 22% after after before After 5%
After 12%
before
before
7.7%
Rates of inflation 通货膨胀率
Labor productivi ty
Economic growth
unemployment
Advantages&Disadvantaes A . Improvement on economy
Finances
Transportation
The UK economy can be broken down into three main areas: "primary" industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining; "secondary" industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary products; and tertiary industries, often described as services, such as banking, insurance, tourism, and the selling of goods.
What was the result? ………………………
a. Inflation came under control b. Companies were more efficient, producing the same amount with less workers. c. Loss became making profits d. Labor productivity increased e. Rapid increase in unemployment.
B. Remain problems on management and supervision
Main introductions
The manufacturing Finance industry Transportation
Tourism
The
manufacturing industry pictures show
That is all.
Thanks for listening.
Names:刘玉静 杨光 李莉萍
Class: Innovation Class One
Date: Nov.11th,2010
· )Overview of the UK economy 1 · 2)One feature of the UK economy · 3)Focusing on four aspects
• D Conclusion
A. privatisation(私有化）
• 1.before the privatisation policy…… (before 1979) Many enterprises and business were state-owned, such as steel, telecom(电 信）, gas , aerospace（航空航天工业）， bank of England, oil business, transport service……
History
The UK was once the largest economy in the world.
19th century-----Peak ↑ The end of World War II-----Been weakened↓
2 periods of strong economic performance