2005年12月研究生英语学位统考真题及答案

2005.12 研究生英语学位课统考真题
Part II Vocabulary (10minutes, 10 points)
Section A (0.5 point each)
21. The vast crowd bust into spontaneous cheering at the skillful play.
A earnest
B volcanic
C hearty
D automatic
22. Not everyone in the intelligence community was convinced the document was genuine.
A standard
B valid
C neat
D lucid
23. They found substantial evidence that exposures to nerve gas was responsible for the veterans’ symptoms.
A contact
B betrayal
C exhibition
D publication
24 The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency, while others consult adoption facilitators in the United States.
A confident
B justified
C sensible
D potential
25. This patient must on no account be left unattended, even for one minute.
A not repeatedly
B not in any circumstances
C without any reason
D with no explanation.
26. Only a few Furgans remain alive today, a fading anthropological link with the first native Americans.
A condescending
B amplifying
C prosperous
D vanishing
27. He was as deliberate in his speech as he was in his work, weighing his words momentously, even if they were only going to add up to a casual remark.
A a witty
B an indifferent
C an offending
D a humorous
28. Embarrassed, he slung her over his shoulder and made a hasty exit.
A turn
B leap
C speech
D leave
29. Eighty-five percent of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant by InfoTech, although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.
A inspected
B registered
C voted
D nominated
30. It would be a way of preserving animals that are dying out because their habitat is being destroyed.
A mate
B pray
C territory
D enemy
Section B (0.5point each)
31. Mourinho is a young and ___coach who is prepared to lead his team to win the championship in his first season.
A clumsy
B humorous
C ambitious
D intimate
32. Just wait for one second, I am ____ready.
A all but
B all over
C at all
D at any moment
33. If you can’t think of anywhere to go on Saturday, we ___as well stay home.
A should
B might
C can
D need
34. A nation that does not know history is ___ to repeat it.
A discouraged
B characterized
C linked
D fated
35. They preferred a British Commonwealth or European arrangement, because this was substantially ____their British thinking.
A in touch with
B in line with
C with relation to
D with reference to
36. The traffic accident that delayed our bus gave us a ___ reason for being late.
A prompt
B vague
C irritable
D legitimate
37. The United States has 10 percent of the total petroleum _____of the world in its own territory, and has been
a major producer for decades.
A reservoirs
B reservations
C reserves
D reproductions
38. This is the world’s first accurate ___ model of human heart in computer.
A setting
B laboring
C showing
D working
39. In 2000 I visited Berkeley, where I began my long ___ with this world famous university.
A interaction
B nomination
C reconstruction
D association
40. ___, ads for phony business opportunities appear in the classified pages of daily and weekly newspapers and magazines , and online.
A Specially
B Typically
C Especially
D Commonly
Part III
Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)
Earthquakes have never really affected Hong Kong, but this has not been the case on the mainland, where their effects through history have often been devastating, causing widespread destruction and loss of life.
In ancient China, earthquakes were occasionally followed by riots and rebellions, so it was important for the emperor to find out about quakes in remote parts of the country as soon 41 occurred. This was 42 far from easy in an age before modern telecommunications.
In the year 132 AD, however, the scientist and inventor, Zhang Heng, devised a forerunner of the modern seismograph ( an instrument used by scientists to detect earthquakes). 43 only could it detect a distant earthquake as it happened, but it could 44 in which direction the epicenter of the quake lay.
The machine, was from metal, was almost two meters 445, and shaped like a vase. There were dragons’heads around the rim, each with a metal ball in its mouth. The ball were balanced 46 when the earth moved slightly, one of them would fall into the mouth of a metal toad at the base of the vase. 47 creating a loud noise to raise the alarm. The direction of the earthquake was indicated by 48 ball fell, and a special mechanism ensured that only one ball could fall.
The device was viewed with considerable suspicion and doubt 49 especially since the first time it dropped a ball, no shock could be felt. But people changed their minds a few days later, when a messenger 50 news of an earthquake 700km away.
41. A as it B if they C as they D that it
42. A naturally B obvious C clear D hardly
43. A But B Not C Yet D If
44. A show besides B have to show C also indicate D also displaying
45. A across B through C length D width
46. A in order to B carefully if C delicately D so that
47. A besides B thereby C resulting D furthermore
48. A whichever B how C whenever D the
49. A to begin B besides C initially D first
50. A would bring B brought C carrying D had carried
Part IV
Reading Comprehension ( 45minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage 1
In a new book published this month called Gray Dawn, Peter G. Peterson predicts that in less than 25 years, senior citizens will comprise more than 18 percent of the entire U.S. population ----the same proportion as in Florida today. Put another way, that means that early in the 21st century, there will be more grandparents than grandchildren. Peterson, a former secretary of Commerce under Nixon, is primarily concerned with what the aging of America---a product of both longer life spans and falling birthrates---means for Social Security and Medicare. But the social ramifications will be at least as profound as the economic ones. Will all those seniors shift the balance of political power? How will Hollywood executives, funeral directors and the auto industry change their products to meet the demands of a markedly older public? Because women tend to outlive men, will an older America also be significantly more female? In short, what will America be like when we all become a Senior Nation?
Anyone who has visited West Palm Beach or Tucson knows part of the answer, lots of people driving very slowly in big cars on their way to early-bird dinners. But that’s only the most broad-brush observation. The political changes alone will be enough to bury all those stereotypes about the feeble elderly. Peterson estimates that by 2038, people 64 and older will make up 34 percent of the electorate-up from only 16 percent in 1966. you think Social Security is a sacred cow now? And the battle over entitlements may get uglier. The 65-plus population is about 85 percent white. The younger generations---the ones footing the seniors’ bills---are much more racially mixed. “What you’ve got is an overwhelmingly white generation with enormous influence, asking African-Americans, Hispanics and Asians to support them for decades,” says Ken Dychtwald, president of Age Wave, a consulting firm that focuses on the maturing marketplace. “The tension becomes not only generational but racial.”
51. What is true of American population?
A Florida’s population is 18% of the entire U.S. population.
B American people will represent 18% of the world’s population.
C American population will increase by 18% early in the next century.
D Senior citizens will outnumber teenagers in less than 25 years in the U.S.
52. According to Peterson, the aging of America is caused by ___
A social security and medicare
B shift in the balance of political power
C longer life spans and falling birthrates
D social ramifications as well as economic ones
53. Who is Peter G. Peterson?
A a funeral director.
B A Hollywood executive
C A secretary of Commerce
D The author of G ray Daw n.
54. Gray Dawn probably refers to the fact that ____
A the younger generations are much more racially mixed.
B the U.S will be significantly more female in the next century.
C the stereotypes about the feeble elderly are being dispersed by political changes.
D the U.S is entering a stage when they are more grandparents than grandchildren.
55. What is the best title for the passage?
A The U.S--- A Senior Nation
B The Senior Boom is Coming
C A Book Called Gray Dawn
D Generational and Racial Tension
Passage 2
Weary after centuries of fighting the surging North Sea from gushing into this low-lying nation, the Netherlands is rethinking how to keep Dutch feet dry.
The traditional method of stopping flood water has been to build dikes. But at the Second World Water Forum, a five-day conference that was to start today in The Hague, Dutch water experts were to explain that the best way to handle the water may be to let it in.
In the Netherlands---half of which lies below sea level---the Ministry of Water Management has designated several low-lying regions as “calamity flood plains” that would be used in emergencies to divert floodwaters from populated areas, spokesman Hans Scholoten said.
Referring to the fable of a Dutch boy named Hans Brinker who saved the nation from disaster by plugging a hole in the sea barrier, Undersecretary for Water Management Monique de Vries said: Hans Brinker will have to take his finer out of the dike and pull on his galoshes.”
Although the country has built dikes and reclaimed land since the Middle Ages, repeated flooding of farmland in recent years and high maintenance costs have led to a rethinking about the old methods.
“Sometimes it doesn’t make sense to ignore the processes of nature,”said Bert Blasé, spokesman for an association of regional water boards. “Flooding certain nature reserve areas every few years would be good for the environment.” Part of the plan involves widening river beds to allow larger volumes of water to flow to the sea. Although it is still unclear how much land could eventually be allocated to the project--- some inhabitants would
have to be relocated---large areas of the eastern Dutch province of Gelderland have been labeled as suitable.
While flooding is a serious threat to the Dutch, global warming could expose many more in this country of 15 million to drought and water pollution if governments do not take drastic measures, conference organizers have warned.
More than 3,5000 delegates from 150 countries will attend the conference, the follow-up to the first global water congress, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, two years ago.
With one-sixth of the world’s population lacking clean drinking water, forum organizers have called for annual global spending on water problems to be more than doubled from about $70 billion or $80 billion to $180 billion.
In the closing stages of the conference, ministers from more than 100 countries will meet to discuss sustainable water for the world’s growing population and farmers who grows crops for mass consumption.
56. What is the new idea the experts put forward to keep Dutch feet dry?
A To build more powerful dams.
B To let the sea water in the inside.
C To ignore the process of nature
D To flood certain nature reserves.
57. Hans Brinker is known as a national hero____.
A In Dutch history who succeeded in diverting floodwater from the populated areas.
B who took his finger out of the dike and built a sea barrier.
C who pulled his finger on his galoshes and saved the nation from being drowned.
D a legend who saved the nation by stopping the sea flood in
58. Which of the following is NOT included in the forth-coming Dutch project in saving the nation from possible sea floods?
A To designate some low-lying regions as “calamity flood plains”.
B To let the sea flood certain nature reserve areas every few years.
C To broaden some river beds to allow more river water to flow to the sea.
D To expose many more areas of the country to drought or flood.
59. All the following are the topics to be discussed in the Second World Water Forum EXCEPT_____
A how to diver floodwaters from the populated areas of Holland.
B how to reduce water pollution and provide more healthy drinking water for the growing population.
C how to help farmers to keep on the sustainable agriculture by watering their crops timely.
D how to take measures to slow down the ever-accelerating global warming up tendency.
60. The best way to paraphrase the sentence “Sometimes it doesn’t make sense to ignore the process of nature”is ____
A Sometimes it’s no use ignoring the process of nature.
B In some cases man can and must neglect the law of nature.
C It would often be harmful for Man to go against the process of nature
D Man must always follow the way of how things are going on
Passage 3
“Refrigerator production in China jumped from 1.4million units in 1985 to 10.6million in 1998,” according to David Fridley, a researcher in the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.
The Global Environmental Facility, through the United Nations Development Program, has decided to fund $9.3 million of the $40 million program to help the government of China transform its market for refrigerators. The refrigerator project began in 1989 when the EPA signed an agreement with the government of China to assist in the elimination of CFCs from refrigerators. Berkeley Lab has been involved in the project since 1995 through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, developing the market transformation program based on the success of the first phase of the project, which involved designing and testing CFC( echlorofluorocabon含氯氟烃)free, energy, efficient refrigerators. Fridley says that beyond his technical supervisory role, the Laboratory will be
involved in training and working with the State Bureau of Technical Supervision as the new efficiency standards are developed.
“Market transformation,” Fridley explains, “is the process of shifting consumer demand for a product, in this case to a more energy efficient, environmentally favorable product through voluntary, market based means such as technical assistance and training for manufacturers, consumer education, and financial incentives to manufacture and sell the more efficient product.”
“Collectively, we developed a technical training program for Chinese refrigerator manufacturers interested in developing CFC free, efficient refrigerators; a financial incentive program to motivate manufacturers to build the most efficient refrigerator possible; and a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies that acquire refrigerators in bulk,”Fridley says.
In 1998, the refrigerator project was awarded an International Climate Protection Award by the EPA. “It is not widely known in the United States, but China has had an energy efficiency policy in place since the early 1980s,”says Mark Levine, Environmental Energy Technologies Division director and an advisor to the Chinese government on energy efficiency. “The government of China is committed to using energy more efficiently, and this has allowed the economy to grow at nearly twice the rate of energy consumption.”
“The Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. We are Berkeley Lab are graceful to have the chance to work with the people and government of China on this project, as well as on our other refrigerator production projects in energy data analysis, appliance efficiency standards, and technical advice on cogeneration plants,” adds Levine.
61. The main idea of this passage is about _____
A the refrigerator production in China supported by UN and USA.
B the energy-efficient refrigerator project in China aided by the UN.
C the American aid to the Chinese government in environmental protection.
D the tremendous increase of China’s refrigerator production.
62. From what the two American researchers said we can conclude that ____
A the America experts working in the refrigerator project are disappointed at China’s refrigerator production.
B the American researchers are particularly worried about China’s over-emission of CCF
C into the air.
C the American researchers in refrigerator technology enjoy their opportunity to work in China.
D the American experts see China as the best place to increase their export of refrigerator technology.
63. According to the Fridley, “Market transformation” means ____
A giving a practical guide to the consumers’ needs as which products are better.
B strengthening the training of designers and manufacturers and educate the consumers to distinguish right products from the fake ones.
C producing high-quality products that can reach the international standards for environmental protection.
D trying to meet the demand of the consumers by improving the quality of products comprehensively.
64 The pronoun “it” in the sentence “It is not widely known in the United States” (paragraph 5) may refer to ____
A an International Climate Protection Award.
B the EPA, that is, the U.S Environmental Protection Agency
C The refrigerator project that won the award.
D The mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies.
65. Why is the Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project of great significance to China’s further development?
A Because the project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions.
B Because the Chinese government is eager to improve its people’s living conditions.
C Because the Chinese government is determined to protect the environment from being destroyed by industrial pollution.
D Because the Chinese government is eager to up-to-date the production of its electronic industry.
Passage 4
By the mid-nineteenth century, in addition to its natural resources, the United States had accumulated enough capital in the form of factories to productively employ a large amount of labor, or human resources. A nation that still consisted largely of independent farmers could not provide an adequate labor supply for heavy industrialization. But millions of new workers came to the United States from abroad.
As we are all aware, not all these workers arrived voluntarily. Slaves were brought from Africa to the South; they were put to work on plantations to extract maximum harvests from the cotton fields. But in the North, the machines that turned that cotton into textiles were worked by massive waves of immigrants who came willingly from one part of Europe after another. This vastly expanded pool of labor allowed from large leaps in our national output.
A nation can’t grow forever by finding more natural resources and attracting more workers; thus, a country’s extensive growth will eventually slow. But intensive growth gradually appears as better use is made of the labor force. In the United States, in the mid-nineteenth century many of the newly arrived immigrants were unskilled and illiterate, but the education policy of their new land meant that their children all received an education, and many were trained in a skill. If a society gives workers more knowledge, they will be able to use machines in a more complex way and to follow more complex instructions, yielding manufactured goods of greater value; this process is often known as investing in human capital. In the late twentieth century, our physical capital is so abundant and our natural resources so limited that we are beginning to appreciate the importance of improving our human resources if we are to continue to grow.
66. This passage mainly discuss the national output in terms of ________
A the labor force
B natural resources
C factories
D immigration
67. We can infer from the passage (paragraph 2) that the South’s contribution to the growth of industry in the mid-nineteenth century was mainly ________
A raw materials
B skilled labor
C manufactured goods
D industrial sites
68. The phrase “massive waves of immigrants” in line 9 of the passage means that ____
A many immigrants came by ship.
B immigrant families stayed together.
C groups of immigrants came at different times.
D groups of immigrants were greeted enthusiastically.
69. From the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century?
A It was producing large amounts of manufactured goods.
B It was largely agricultural.
C It was fully industrialized
D It was low in natural resources
70. We can infer from the passage that intensive growth of a nation’s economy requires ____
A expansion of resources
B better use of the labor force
C attracting unskilled labor
D limiting the human resources.
71.According to the passage, what is the end goal of an investment in human capital?
A Providing more valuable manufactured goods.
B Educating immigrant families.
C Training in use of complex machines.
D Developing literacy for all.
72. We can infer from the passage (paragraph 3) that in the mid-nineteenth century the United States placed a high value to ___
A European trade
B education
C agriculture
D development of natural resources.
Passage 5
Economists have received the unfair reputation of being unable to agree on anything. The image of economists in disagreement is part of our folklore. An English commentator wrote: “If parliament were to ask six economists for an opinion, seven answers could come back---two no doubt from the volatile Mr. Keynes.” The London Times laments the “rise in skepticism about what economists can tell us,” and Business week complains about “the intellectual bankruptcy of economics profession.”
The image of widespread disagreement among economists is overrated. The result of a survey of 100
professional economists confirm that there is considerable agreement among economists about what can be done (positive economics), especially in a microeconomic context. However, there is more disagreement over what ought to be done . Questions of what ought to be done (Should we equalize the distribution of income? Should we increase defense spending?) require moral and political value judgments on which individuals naturally differ. Finally , disagreement among professional economists receives more publicity than other scientific professions, which contributes to the false image of economists in disaccord.
While disagreements in other sciences are as strong or even stronger than in economics, these disagreements are less visible to the public eye. Theoretical physicists have disagreed about the physical nature of the universe since the foundations of physics, but this scientific controversy is understood by only a few theoretical physicists.
It does not require much disagreement to bring disputes to the public’s attention. Everyone is interested in economic questions: Will inflation accelerate? Will I lose my job? Why is the price of gasoline rising so fast? Why are home mortgages so hard to come by? Economists do disagree, particularly on some big macroeconomic issues. But often what the public perceives as disagreements over positive economics are really disagreements over what ought to be. In general, there is more agreement than disagreement among economists.
73. According to the passage, the commentator mentions Mr. Keynes as noted for his ____
A good sense
B inconsistency of opinions
C predictability
D greediness
74. According to the passage, positive economics is ____
A an attempt to convince disgruntled economists
B statements in microeconomics about what is possible.
C financial statements showing again
D results of economic surveys
75. The author believes that disagreement between economists is all of the following EXCEPT _____
A natural
B exaggerated
C publicized
D nonexistent
76. According to the passage, which of the following statements describes disagreements between theoretical physicists?
A They are fairly recent situations.
B They are not easily understood by non-physicists.
C The public follows them intently.
D They are not worthy of publication.
77. The phrase “hard to come by” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____
A badly advertised
B difficult to obtain
C far away
D plentiful
78. It can be inferred from the passage that economists find macroeconomic issues ___
A more controversial than microeconomic issues.
B easier to understand than positive economics
C similar to issues in theoretical physics
D not concerned with reality.
79. The purpose of the author in this passage is to ___
A point out a misconception
B support a generalization
C elaborate on a myth
D compare two views
80. The author’s attitude toward economists in this passage is ____
A sympathetic
B critical
C indifferent
D skeptical
Paper Two
Part V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)
The wise man knows the place of these things in the scheme of life as a whole. He knows that money and possessions are means, not ends. He knows the difference between pleasures of the moment and enduring satisfactions, between being great and being famous, between reverence and superstition, between solidity and show in literature, art and life. He knows that in the human lot some evils are unavoidable, that loss and disease and old age are bound to come; and he has made his peace with their coming.
Section B ( 15minutes, 10 points)
没有盼头的日子是苍白而且不可想象的人得天天有点什么盼头，生活才不至于暗淡．有了盼头，会觉得太阳每天都是新的．土地去掉水分，就成了沙漠；人没了盼，还剩什么？小盼头支撑人的一天，大盼头支撑人的一生．
Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “Man’s Best Friend Is A Dog.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:
1.Dogs play an important part in many people’s lives
2.There are some unpleasant aspects of dogs in society.
答案：
21—30：A C B A D C A B C D 31—40：B D A C A C D C B A
41—50：B D C A C B A D B D 51—60：A D B C D C B A B D
61—70：A D B A C D C D C D 71—80：C A A C A D C B C C
五、英译汉
聪明的人懂得整个人生布局中的一切事物各归其位。

他懂得金钱和财富是手段却不是目的。

他知道一时的欢愉有别于持久的满足，伟大有别于成名，敬虔有别于迷信，文学艺术领域乃至整个人生的实力有别于做秀。

她知道人生命运躲不过邪恶，人生必有所失，疾病和死亡必会临到我们。

聪明的人以平和的心面对这一切。

六、汉译英
A day without hope would be unimaginably pale [dull].there must be something to look forward to each day to keep it out of shadows. To a person cherishing hopes every morning rises a new sun. Deprived of water, soil turns into desert. Deprived of hope, what is left to a man? A small hope sustains you for a day, a great one for a lifetime.。