国际商务按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表

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国际商法专业词汇中英文对照表

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms（国际贸易术语通则解释）Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications（对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺）Acceptance（承诺/受盘）Act of State Doctrine（国家行为主义）Act of the Parties （当事人的行为）Administrative Management （经营管理）Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit（信用证的通知和确认）Agent for International Settlements（国际结算代理人）Agreement of the Parties（协议选择原则）Agriculture（农业协定）Alternative Dispute Resolution （ADR解决方式）Anticipatory Breach in Common Law （普通法上预期违约）Antidumping Authority（反倾销机构）Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor Laws Extraterritorially（内国劳工法律域外适用）Applying for a Letter of Credit（信用证的申请）Approval of Foreign Investment Applications（外国投资申请的批准）Arbitrage（套汇）Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses （仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款）Arbitration Tribunals（仲裁机构）Artistic Property Agreements（保护文学艺术作品的协定）Artistic Property Agreements（文学艺术品产权协定）Assignment（合同权利转让）Attorney-General（法律总顾问）Automatic Dissolution （自动散伙）Average Clauses（海损条款）Avoidance（解除）Bank Deposits（银行储蓄）Bases of Income Taxation（所得税的征税依据/基础）Battle of the Forms（形式上的分歧／冲突）Bills of Lading （提单）Branch Banking（银行的分支机构）Business Form and Registered Capital （企业形式和注册资本）Business Forms（商业组织形式）Buyer's Remedies（买方可以采取的救济措施）Carriage of Goods by Air（航空货物运输）Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo Insurance（海上货物运输及其保险）Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading（在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务）Carrier's Immunities（承运人责任/义务的豁免）Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects （外国投资的项目类别）Charterparties （租船合同）Charterparties by Demise （光船出租合同）China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments （中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策）Choosing the Governing Law（准据法的选择）CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port of destination) （ＣＩＦ成本＼保险费加运费付至指定的目的港）Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures（交换和转让程序）Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks（银行跟单托收）Commercial Arbitration （国际商事仲裁）Commodity Arrangements（初级产品/农产品安排）Common Enterprise Liability（企业的一般责任）Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange （汇票处理的一般程序）Common Stock （股票）Company Taxpayers（公司/法人企业纳税人）Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究) Compensation for Winding up （清算补偿）Comprehensive Agreements （综合性的协定）Compulsory Licenses（强制许可）Computation of Income（收入计算）Conformity of Goods（与合同约定相符合的货物）Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State（给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意）Consideration in Common Law（英美法上的对价）Contemporary International Trade Law（当代国际贸易法）Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods（国际货物销售合同法）Contract Liability of the Agent （代理人的合同义务）Contract Liability of the Principal （委托人的合同义务）Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverage of CISG（排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题）Copyrights （著作权/版权）Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（与知识产权有关的理事会）Coverage of Tax Treaties（税收条约的覆盖范围）Creation of Agency （代理创立）Creditors of Partners（合伙人的债权人）Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy（金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位）Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务）Currency Exchange（外汇交易）Currency Support（资金/财政援助）Custom（习惯）Customs Valuation（海关估价协定）Debt Securities （债券）Decision Making within the WTO（WTO内部决定作出机制）Deficiencies in the GA TT 1947 Dispute Process （关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足）Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit of Account（确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位）Definition and Special Features（定义和特征）Delayed Bills of Lading（提单迟延）Denial of Justice（司法不公）Development Banks （发展银行）Direct Effect（直接效力）Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to the Corporation（董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务）Dispute Settlement（争端的解决）Dissolution by Agreement （协议解散）Dissolution by Court Order （依法院令状散伙）Dissolution of the Partnership （散伙）Distribution of Earnings and Recovery of Investments （收入分配和投资回收）Distribution to Shareholders （红利分配权）Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities（文本格式要求）Double Taxation Provision（双重征税的规定）Double Taxation（双重征税）Duress （胁迫行为）Duties of Agent and Principal （代理人和委托人的义务）Duties of Agent to Principal （委托人的义务）Duties of Principal to Agent （代理人、的义务）Duty of Care in Partnership Business（对合伙事务尽心看护义务）Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith （忠诚和诚信义务）Effectiveness of an Offer（邀约/发盘的效力）Employment Laws in the European Union（欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法）Employment Standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment（经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准）Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行）Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the People's Republic of China （在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行）Enforcement of Foreign Judgment （外国法院判决的执行）Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）Enforcement of Securities Regulations Internationally（国际证券规则的执行）Environmental Regulation（环境规则）Escape Clause（免责条款）Euro-currency Deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas（欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理）European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律）Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例外）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performance （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Exemptions for New Members from IMF Member State Currency Exchange Obligations（国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation（征收）Extraterritorial Application of U. S. Securities Laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance Ministry（财政部）Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade（对外贸易的价金支付）FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)（ＦＯＢ装运港船上交货）Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（外国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（外国投资法）Formal and Informal Application Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Forsed Endorsements（虚假背书）Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading（提单欺诈）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Free Zones（保税区/自由贸易区）Fundamental Breach（根本违约）GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Governmental Sources of Capital（官方资金）Grant Back Provisions（回授的规定）Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）Illegality and Incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定）IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）IMF Operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）IMF Quotas（国际货币基金的份额）Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction of Municipal Courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）Import-Licensing Procedures（进口许可证程序协定）Income Categories（收入分类）Income Tax Rates（所得税税率）Income Taxes（所得税）Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance （信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则）Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements （保护工业产权的协定）Innocent Misrepresentation（因无知的误解）Inquiry（调查）Insider Trading Regulations（内幕交易规则）Insurance Cover （保险范围）Integration of Company and Personal Income Taxes（公司和个人所得税的征收）Intellectual Property Right Law （知识产权法）International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes （解决投资争端国际中心）International Commercial Dispute Settlement （国际商事争端的解决）International Court of Justice （海牙联合国国际法院）International Factoring （国际保理）International Franchising(国际特许经营权)International Labor Standards（国际劳工标准）International Licensing Agreement(国际许可证协议)International Licensing Agreements （国际许可证协定）International Model Law(国际示范法)International Organizations(国际组织)International Persons（国际法主体）International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms(国际贸易术语解释通则) International Trade Customs and Usages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)International Treaties and Conventions(国际条约和公约) International Tribunals （国际法庭）Interpreting of the CISG (CISG的解释)Invitation Offer （要约邀请／要约引诱／询盘）Involuntary Dissolution （非自愿解散）Issuance of Securities（证券发行）Jurisdiction and Venue （管辖权和法院地）Jurisdiction in Civil Cases（民事案件的管辖权）Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases（刑事案件的管辖权）Know-how （技术秘密/专有技术）Lack of Genuine Link（缺乏真实的联系）Lack of Nationality（无国籍）Lack of Standing（身份不明）Law Applicable to Letters of Credit （调整信用证的法律）Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises of China （中国的外商投资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures（中华人民共和国中外合作企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Ventures （中华人民共和国中外合资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterprises（中华人民共和国外资企业法）Legal Characteristics （定义和法律特征）Legal Structure of the WTO （世界贸易组织的法律框架）Legal System of International Business(国际商事的法律体系)Letters of Credit (L/C)（信用证）Liabilities of Makers, Drawers, Drawees, Endorsers and Accommodation Parties （票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任）Liability for Environmental Damage（环境损害责任）Liability Limits（承运人责任/义务的限制）Licensing Regulations（许可证制度）Limitations on Foreign Equity（外国投资的资金比例限制）Limitations on the Excuses That Drawers and Makers Can Use to Avoid PayingOff a Bill or Note 661 （票据制作人、出票人拒绝付款借口的限制）Liquidated Damages （约定的损害赔偿金）Liquidation （清算）Maintaining Monetary Value（维护币值稳定）Major Principles of GATT 1994（关税及贸易总协定1947的主要原则）Marine Insurance Policies and Certificates （海运保险单和证书）Maritime Insurance（海运保险）Maritime Liens （留置权）Means of Delivery（根据交付方式）Mediation（调停/调解）Membership（成员）Memorandums of Understanding（谅解备忘录）Methods of Investment Contribution（出资方式）Mini-trial （模拟审判方式）Miscellaneous Taxes（混杂的，各种各样的税）Misrepresentation（误解）Mixed Sales（混合销售）Modification of Foreign In vestment Agreements（外国投资协议的修改）Money and Banking(货币与金融)Monopoly Control Authority (反垄断机构)Most Significant Relationship（最密切联系原则）Most-favored-nation Treatment （最惠国待遇原则）Movement of Workers（劳工流动）Multilateral Investment Guaranty Programs（多边投资担保计划／安排）Multilateral Trade Agreements（多边贸易协定）Multilateral Trade Negotiations （多边贸易谈判）Multinational Enterprise（跨国企业）Municipal Courts（国内法院的实践）Municipal Legal Systems（内国法系）National Foreign Investment Policies（内国的外国投资政策）National Investment Guarantee Programs（内国／国家投资担保计划／安排）National Law(国内法)National Monetary Systems（国内金融/货币体系）National Treatment （国民待遇原则）Nationality Principle（国籍原则）Negligent (innocent) Misrepresentation（因疏忽的误解）Negotiability of Bills and Negotiability of Notes（可流通的汇票和可流通的本票）Negotiation (谈判，议付)Noncompetition Clauses（限制竞争条款）Nondiscrimination（非歧视原则）Nonimputable Acts（免责行为）Nontariff Barriers to Trade(非关税贸易壁垒)Nonwrongful Dissolution （非不法原因散伙）Objections（异议）Obligations of the Parties （当事人各方的义务）Obligations of the Seller and the Buyer （买卖双方的合同义务）Offer （要约／发盘）Operation of Law （法律的原因而终止）Operational Reviews（营业审查）Opting In and Out（加入和退出）Organization of the IMF（国际货币基金组织的机构）Organizations Affiliated with the United Nations(联合国的相关组织) Overseas Private Investment Corporation（海外私人投资公司的案件）Parent Company（母公司）Passing of Property （产权的转移）Passing of Risk （风险的转移）Patents （专利权）Payable on Demand or at a Definite Time（付款要求或者在指定的付款时间）Payment of the Price（支付价款）Penalties for Noncompliance（对于不遵守法规的处罚）Perils and Losses（保险危险和损失）Persons Immune from Taxation（个人所得税的免除）Piercing the Corporate Veil（普通法上揭开公司的面纱/大陆法上公司人格否认原则）Place for Delivery（交付的地点）Post -Termination Relationship（代理终止后的有关问题）Powers during Winding up （合伙人在清算过程中的权力/权利）Practices and Usages（交易习惯和商业惯例）Preemption（先买权/优先权）Preshipment Inspection（装运前检验协定）Price-Fixing（定价）Private Insurers（私人／商业保险）Private Sources of Capital（私人资金）Products Liability Laws（产品质量法）Promissory Notes（本票）Promoter of International Monetary Cooperation（国际金融合作的促进者）Promoters（公司的发起人）Protection of Natural Resources（自然资源的保护）Protection of Subsidiaries（分支机构的保护制度）Protection of Workers' Rights by the Council of Europe（欧洲理事会关于劳工权利的保护）Protection through Tariffs（关税保护）Proving Foreign Law（外国法的查明）Provisions Governing Trade in Services in the North American Free Trade Agreement （北美自由贸易区协定中关于服务贸易的规定）Quality Controls（质量控制）Quantity and Field-of-Use Restrictions（对数量和使用领域的限制）Recognition and Enforcement of Awards （仲裁裁决的承认和执行）Recognition of Foreign Judgments（外国裁决的承认）Refusal to Exercise Jurisdiction（拒绝执行管辖权）Regional and International Development Agencies（区域性和国际性发展机构）Regional Integration（区域联合）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor（区域性政府间关于劳工的规定）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services（关于服务贸易的区域性政府间管理规则）Regional Monetary Systems（区域性金融体系）Regulation of Foreign Workers（外籍员工的的管理规定）Regulation of Pollution（防止污染规则）Relief（救济、赔偿）Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers（买卖双方都可以采取的救济措施）Remedies for Breach of Contract（违反合同的救济）Requests for Specific Performance（要求继续/特定履行）Residency Principle（居住地原则）Restrictions on Research and Development（对技术研究和发展的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of Intellectual Property Rights（知识产权保护期满后应用的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of the Licensing Agreement（知识产权使用许可合同期满后应用的限制）Right to Compensation （主张赔偿的权利）Rights and Duties （权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of Beneficiaries（收款人/收益人的权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of the Account Party（付款人/信用证帐户申请人的权利与义务）Rules of Origin（原产地规则）Rules of Private International Law（国际私法规则）Safeguards（保障措施协定）Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures（卫生与植物卫生措施协定）Scope and Coverage of GA TT 1947 and GA TT 1994 （关税及贸易总协定1947和1994文本的调整范围）Screening Foreign Investment Applications（对外国投资申请的筛选/审查）Sectoral Limitations（行业/部门限制）Securities and Exchange Commission（证券交易委员会）Securities Exchanges （证券交易所）Securities Regulations（证券规章）Seller's Obligations（卖方的义务）Seller's Remedies（卖方可以采取的救济措施）Settlement of Disputes between ILO Member States（国际劳工组织成员国之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes between Intergovernmental Organizations and Their Employees （政府间国际组织与它的雇员之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes in International Tribunals（在国际法庭解决争端）Settlement of Disputes in Municipal Courts（内国法院的争端解决途径）Settlement of Disputes through Diplomacy（通过外交途径解决争端）Settlement of Disputes through Municipal Courts （通过内国法院解决国际商事争端）Shareholders' Inspection and Information Rights（股东的监督和知情权）Shareholders' Lawsuits （股东的诉权）Shareholders' Meetings（股东会议/大会）Shareholders' Rights and Liabilities （股东的权利和责任）Sharp Practices （欺诈行为）Signed by the Maker or Drawer（票据制作人或者出票人签名）Source Principle（税收发生来源原则）Sources of Corporate Financing （公司资本的来源）Sources of Foreign Investment Law of China （中国外国投资法的渊源）Sources of International Business Law(国际商法的渊源)Sources of International Law（国际法的渊源）Sources of Investment （投资范围）Sovereign or State Immunity（国家主权豁免）Specialization(国际分工专门化)Standard of Care(给予外国人的待遇/关照标准)Start-Up Standards（设立标准）State Responsibility（国家责任）Statements and Conduct of the Parties（当事人的陈述和行为）Statutory Choice-of-Law Provisions （强制选择条款）Structure of the WTO（WTO的组织结构）Subordinate Business Structures（商业分支机构）Subsidies and Countervailing Measures（补贴与反补贴措施协定）Supervision of Foreign Investment（外国投资的监管）Supreme Court Decision（最高法院的裁决）Systems for Relief from Double Taxation（避免双重征税的救济体制）Takeover Regulations（接管/收购规则）Taking Delivery（接受交付）Tariff-based Import Restriction （约束进口关税）Tariffs(关税)Tax Avoidance（避税）Tax Evasion（逃税）Tax Incentives (税收激励)Tax Sparing（节税）Tax Treaties（税收条约）Taxation（税收）Taxpayers（纳税人）Technical Barriers to Trade（贸易的技术壁垒）Technology Transfer(技术转让)Termination of an Agency （代理的终止）Termination of Corporations （公司的终止）Territorial Restrictions（地区限制）Textiles and Clothing（纺织品和服装协定）The Acceptance（承诺／受盘）The Administrative Discretion of Screening Authorities（筛选/监管机构的管理权）The Anglo-American Common Law System(普通法系或者英美法系)The Applicable Procedure Law （应用的程序法）The Applicable Substantive Law（应用的实体法）The Bank for International Settlements（巴塞尔国际清算银行）The Bill of Exchange（汇票）The Board of Directors （董事会）The Bretton Woods System（布雷敦森林体系）The Business Form（商业组织形式）The Buyer's Right to Avoid the Contract（买方解除合同的权利）The Central Bank（中央银行）The Choice of Money（货币的选择）The Convention on Insider Trading（内幕交易的公约）The Drafting of the CISG(CISG的起草)the Economic Globalization （经济全球化）The Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations（乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果的最后文本）The Foreign Exchange Market（外汇交易市场）The Founding of GATT（关税及贸易总协定的成立）The Framework Agreement（协定的框架）The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关税及贸易总协定）The Importance of the Separate Legal Identity of Juridical Entities（跨国企业作为拥有独立法律地位的实体之重要性）The Interbank Deposit Market（银行间的储蓄市场）The International Labor Organization（国际劳工组织）The International Monetary Fund（国际货币基金组织）The International Standard(国际待遇/标准)The International Transfer of Intellectual Property（工业产权的国际转让）The Islamic Law System （伊斯兰法系）The Law Governing Bills of Exchange （调整汇票的法律制度）The Law of Agency （国际商事代理法）The Making of International Law （国际法的构成）The National Standard(国民待遇/标准)The Negotiation and Transfer of Bills and Notes（票据权利的转让和背书转让）The Obligations of Banks（银行的义务/责任）The Principal Characteristics（基本特征）The Role of Banks in Collecting and Paying Negotiable Instruments（银行在可流通票据的托收和付款中的角色）The Roman-Germanic Civil Law System(大陆法系或者罗马日耳曼法系)The Scope of International Law in Actual Practice （实践中国际法的范围）The Subordinate Structure（分支结构）The Transfer of Money（货币转移）The Turning Over of Documents（交付与货物有关的单证）The Uruguay Round（乌拉圭回合）The Value of Money（币值）The World Trade Organization (WTO) （世界贸易组织）The WTO Agreement （WTO协定）Third Party Relations of the Principal and the Agent （与委托人和代理人有关的第三人）Third-Party Claims and Personal Injuries（第三方的权利和人身伤害）Third-Party Rights (Himalaya Clause)（第三方的权利----喜玛拉亚条款）Time Charterparties （定期租船合同）Time for Delivery （交付的时间）Time Limitations（时效）Trade Barriers （贸易壁垒）Trade in Goods(货物贸易)Trade Liberalization Through Cooperation （通过合作实现贸易自由化）Trade Policy Review（贸易政策评审机制）Trade Terms（贸易术语）Trademarks（商标权）Trade-Related Investment Measures（与贸易有关的投资措施协定）Trading in Securities （证券交易）Transactions Covered in CISG（CISG适用的交易范围）Transnational Organized Labor（有组织的跨境服务的劳工）Transparency(透明度)Treaties and Conventions（条约和公约）Trial Court Decision（初等法院的裁决）Turnover Taxes（流转/交易税）Tying Clauses（搭售条款）Unconditional Promise or Order to Pay（无条件的付款承诺和要求）Unfair Competition Laws（不正当竞争法）UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC)(国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则,简称PICC)United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)(联合国国际货物销售合同公约,简称CISG)Validity and Formation of International Sale of Contracts（国际货物销售合同的成立和效力）Visas（签证）V oyage Charterparties （航次租船合同）Waivers（让渡、放弃）Winding Up （合伙清算）World Intellectual Property Organization（世界知识产权组织）World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织争端解决机制）Wrongful Dissolution （不法原因散伙）WTO Antidumping Agreement （世界贸易组织反倾销协议）WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织的争端解决程序）。

商务词汇中英文对照收集

clerical assistant 文书
clerical staff文秘人员
clerk 职员，文书
ckientele （统称）（老）客户
clinical trial 临床实验
clipboard computer 写字夹板式电脑
clip-on 夹式的
cloakroom 衣帽间
closing date 截止日
core activity 2 核心业务，主管业务
core benefits 核心福利项目
core product 核心产品
core technology 核心技术
corpocracy 公司官僚主义
corporate business area 商务地段，商务区
corporate charge card 公司赊帐卡
country of domicile 户籍国家
courier 专递员，专递公司
coursebook 教科书
courseware 课件，教学软件
courtesy 礼仪，礼貌的举止言辞
courtesy bus 免费接送汽车，亦作courtesy coach
couturier 设计女装的男设计师
consumer durables 耐用消费品
consumer electronics 家用电子产品
consymer-friendly 便于消费者使用的，亦作
consumer goods 日用消费品
consumer trends 消费趋势
container 集装箱，货柜
containerization 集装箱运输
contender争夺者，竞争者

国际商法术语中英文对照

国际商法术语中英文对照章一、国际贸易法概述国际贸易法International Trade Law国际贸易惯例International Trade Usages or Practices国际商业惯例International Business Practices联合国国际贸易法委员会United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL)国际统一私法协会International Institute for the Unification of Private Law(UNIDROIT)国际海事组织International Maritime Organization (IMO)遵循先例Stare Decisis判决依据Ratio Decidendi章二、国际货物买卖合同制度联合国国际货物销售合同公约United Nations Convention for Contracts onInternational Sale of Goods (CISG)国际货物销售统一法公约Convention relating to a Uniform Law onthe International Sale of Goods (ULIS)国际货物销售合同成立统一法公约Convention relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contract for the International Sale of Goods (ULF)要约邀请Invitation to offer要约Offer承诺Acceptance要约的撤回Withdrawal of offer要约的撤销Revocation of offer货物相符Conformity of the goods与通常用途相符Fitness for ordinary purpose与特定用途相符Fitness for particular purpose根本违反合同Fundamental breach of contract 预期违约Anticipatory breach of contract分批交货合同Installment contract宣告合同无效Declare the avoidance of contract 收取货物Take delivery of the goods风险转移Passing of risks损害赔偿Damages减轻损失义务Mitigation of damages免责Exemptions非能控制的障碍Impediment beyond control章三、国际贸易惯例贸易术语Trade usage贸易习惯做法Trade practice托运人Shipper交货Delivery费用Charges查对Checking检验Inspection所在地Premise清关Clearance码头作业费Terminal Handling Charges, THC章四、国际货物运输和运输保险制度海运提单Ocean Bill of Lading租船合同Charter Party海上货物运输Carriage of Goods by Sea 航空货物运输Carriage of Goods by Air 铁路货物运输Carriage of Goods by Rail 多式联运Multimodal Transportation 海牙—维斯比规则The Hague- Visby Rules 汉堡规则Hamburg Rules华沙公约Warsaw Convention海牙议定书The Hague Protocol蒙特利尔公约Montreal Convention多式联运Multimodal Transport保险单Policy实际全损Actual Total Loss推定全损Constructive Total Loss共同海损General Average单独海损Particular Average委付Abandonment代位求偿权Subrogation协会货物条款Institute Cargo Clauses章五、国际贸易支付和融资制度汇票Bills of Exchange / Draft跟单托收Documentary Collection付款交单Documentary Against Payment 承兑交单Documentary Against Acceptance 托收委托书Remittance Letter提示Presentation拒付Dishnour承兑Acceptance信托收据Trust Receipt, T / R。

国际商务按章节排列的中英文词汇对照表

Important WordsChapter OneGlobalization 全球化Globalization of production 生产全球化General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GA TT) 关贸总协定World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金会Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 外国直接投资Multinational Enterprise (MNE) 跨国公司Consumer 消费者International business 国际商务International trade 国际贸易Stock of foreign direct investment 外国直接投资总额Factors of production 生产要素World bank 世界银行Telecommunication 通讯Transportation Technology 交通运输技术Wage gap 工资差距Free trade 自由贸易Interdependent 互相依存的Corporation 公司Politician 政客Chapter TwoPolitical economy 政治经济学Political system 政治体制Collectivism 集体主义Individualism 个人主义Representative 典型的；代议制的Democracy 民主政体Communist 共产主义者Theocratic 神权的Tribal 部落的Right-wing 右翼的Totalitarianism 极权主义Economic risk 经济危机Late-mover disadvantages 迟入者劣势First-mover advantages 先进入者优势Purchasing power parity 购买力平价Economic system 经济体制Market economy 市场经济Legal system 法律体制Property rights 产权Terrorism 恐怖主义Chapter ThreeCross-cultural literacy 跨国文化的认识Structure 框架，结构Social strata 社会阶层Social mobility 社会流动性Caste system 种性制度Class system 等级制度Class consciousness 阶级意识Ethical system 道德制度Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避Implication 暗示，启示Confucian dynamism 儒家动力Ethnocentric behavior 种族行为Ethnocentrism 民族优越感Buddhism 佛教Hinduism 印度教Confucianism 儒学Nonverbal communication 非语言交流Power distance 权利差距Value 价值Competitive advantage 竞争力优势Chapter FourBusiness ethics 商业道德Ethical strategy 道德策略Moral courage 道义勇气Social responsibility 社会责任Organization culture 组织文化Naive 幼稚的Promotion 促销；晋升Rights theories 权力理论Code of ethics 职业道德，道德准则Internal stakeholders 内部经济相关者External stakeholders 外部经济相关者Root 根源Philosophical 哲学的Profit 利润，收益Employer 雇主Employee 受雇者；员工Traditional 传统的Establish 建立Just 公平的Dilemma 困境Chapter FiveFree trade 自由贸易New trade theory 新贸易理论Zero sum game 零和对策Factor endowments 要素禀赋Economies of scale 规模经济Diminishing returns 收益递减Immobile recourse 不能转移的追索权Absolute advantages 绝对优势Barrier 壁垒Benefit 好处，利益Domestic 国内的Comparative advantage 比较优势Pattern 模式Mercantilism 重商主义Trade balance 贸易平衡Production possibility frontier 生产可能边界Output 产量Economic growth 经济增长Association 联系Export 出口Inport 进口Chapter SixTariff 关税Specific tariff 从量关税Ad alorem tariff 从价税率V oluntary export restraint (VER) 出口自动限制Import quota 进口限额Local content requirements 当地成分要求Dumping 倾销Antidumping policies 反倾销政策Infant industry argument 新生工业争论Subsidy 补贴，津贴Agriculture 农业Administrative trade policies 管理贸易政策Intervention 干涉，干预Federal Express 联邦快递公司Trade policy 贸易政策Countervailing duties 补偿义务Retaliation 报复Smoot-Hawley Act 史慕特郝雷关税法案Intellectual Property 知识产权Watershed 分水岭，转折点Seattle 西雅图Chapter SevenGreenfield investment 新投资Aquiring & Merging 并购Eclectic paradigm 折衷范式Exporting 出口的Licensing 许可证发放Internalization theory 内部化理论Market imperfections 市场缺陷Balance-of-payment accounts 收支平衡Offshore production 境外生产Gross fixed capital formation 固定资本形成总值Oligopoly 供不应求的市场情况Multipoint competition 多点竞争The Product Life Cycle 产品生命周期Political Ideology 政治意识形态Current account 经常账户Adverse effect 反作用Sovereignty 主权Autonomy 自治权Encourage 鼓励Restrict 限制Chapter EightRegional economic integration 区域经济一体化EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Economic union 经济联盟Trade diversion 贸易转移European Parliament 欧洲议会Free trade area 自由贸易区Common market 共同市场Trade creation 贸易开辟European Commission 欧委会Court of Justice 法庭European Union 欧盟Optimal currency area 最适当的货币区NAFTA 北美自由贸易区Enlargement 扩大Andean Pact 安第斯条约Mercosur 南方共同市场CAFTA 中美洲自由贸易区CARICOM 加勒比共同体East African Community 东非共同体APEC 亚太经合组织Chapter NineForeign exchange market 外汇市场Currency speculation 货币投机Forward exchange rate 远期汇率Law of one price 一价定律Bandwagon effect 从众效应Exchange rate 外汇汇率Spot exchange rate 即期汇率Currency swap 互惠外汇信贷Fisher Effect 费希尔效应Capital flight 资本外逃Hedging Strategy 规避战略Empirical 经验主义Fundamental 基本的，重要的Freely convertibility 自由兑换Externally convertible 外部可兑换的Nonconvertible 非转化型的Translation exposure 折算风险暴露Economic exposure 经济暴露Transaction exposure 交易风险Countertrade 对消贸易，反向贸易Chapter TenInternational monetary system. 国际货币制度Dirty float. 不纯浮动，干预浮动Gold standard 金本位Currency board. 货币委员会Banking crisis 银行业危机Floating exchange 浮动汇率Pegged exchange rate 盯住汇率Balance-of-trade equilibrium 贸易均衡Currency crisis 货币危机Foreign debt crisis 外国债务危机Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率Flexibility 弹性Monetary Policy Autonomy 货币政策自主性Discipline 训练；自我控制Speculation 推断；投机活动Uncertainty 不确定性The Investment Boom 投资风暴Inappropriate 不恰当的Accountability 有责任；可说明性Management 管理Chapter ElevenEurocurrency. 欧洲货币Eurobonds. 欧洲债券Disclosure requirements 资料公开的要求Favorable tax status 有利的税收地位Foreign bonds 外国债券Regulatory interference 监管，干预Information technology 信息技术The cost of capital 资本成本Global Capital Market 全球资本市场Far East Index 远东指数Deregulation 违反规定，反常Interest rate 利率Portfolio Diversification 组合投资多元化V olatile 不稳定的Drawback 缺点，障碍Global Equity Market 环球股本证券市场Stockholder 股东Financial market 金融市场Collapse 崩溃，贬值Correlation 相互的关系Chapter TwelveStrategy. 策略Profit growth 利润增长Core competence 核心能力Experience curve. 经验曲线Economic of scale 规模经济Profitability 获益（情况），收益性Value creation 价值创造Global web 全球性网路Learning effect 学习效应Universal needs 普遍需求Clear Vision 目的明确Location 位置Caveat 警告，附加说明Taste 口味，爱好General Motors 通用汽车Infrastructure 基础设施Distribution Channel 分配渠道Demand 需求Host-Government 东道国政府Global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略Chapter ThirteenOrganizational architecture 组织框架Control system 操纵系统Horizontal differentiation. 水平差异International division. 国际分工Global matrix structure 全球矩阵结构Organizational structure 组织结构Incentive 鼓励措施mechanisms 机制Worldwide area structure 全球区域结构Knowledge network 知识网Process 进程Centralization 集中，中央集权化Vertical 垂直的，纵向的Decentralization 分散，地方分权Firm 公司International division 国际部Ambiguity 歧义Pursue 追求，进行Scheme 图解Performance 执行；表现Chapter FourteenTiming of entry. 进入时机Pioneering costs. 开创成本Turnkey project. 交钥匙工程，总包工程Franchising. 特许Wholly owned subsidiary. 全资子公司First-mover advantages 先动优势Strategic commitments 战略承诺Licensing agreement 专利使用权转让协定Joint venture 合资Strategic alliances 战略联盟Expansion 扩张Entry mode 进入方式Partner 伙伴，合伙人Maximize 最大限度地利用Element 成分，要素Collect 收集，搜集Focus 重点，焦点Grant 授予Acceptable 可接受的Unacceptable 不可接受的Chapter FifteenLetter of Credit 信用证Bill of lading 提单Countertrade 反向贸易Offset 抵消，补偿Buyback 返销，回购Bill of exchange 汇票Export-import bank 进出口银行Barter 交易Switch trading 转手贸易Sight draft 即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Assistance 援助Eximbank 进出口银行Lack 缺乏，缺少Foreign Credit Insurance Association 对外信贷保险协会Incidence 发生率，影响程度Counterpurchase 互购Compensation 补偿Dispose 舍弃，处置Attractive 有吸引力的Chapter SixteenTotal quality management. 整体品质管理ISO900. 国际标准化组织Lean production 精益生产Global learning 整体学习Asset 资产Six sigma 六西格玛Minimum efficient scale 最低有小规模Flexible 柔韧的，有弹性的Make-or-buy decisions 自制或购买决策JIT 准时生产Logistics 后勤，物流Fixed Costs 固定成本Mass Customization 大规模定制Manufacture 生产，制造Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计Supply chain 供应链CAM 计算机辅助制造Role 作用；角色Electronic data interchange 电子数据交换Specialized 专业化的Chapter SeventeenMarket segmentation. 市场分割Retail 零售Exclusive distribution channel. 独家分销渠道Source effects. 来源效应Pull strategy 前拉战略Marketing mix 销售组合Channel length 渠道长度Channel quality 渠道质量Noise 噪音Strategy pricing 定价战略Concentration 集中，重视Cultural Barrier 文化障碍Type 类型Sophistication 混合Push strategy 后推战略Media 媒体Availability 可利用性Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性Expenditure 花费，消耗Exclusivity 排他性Agent 中介，代理商。

国际商务专业词汇(中英文对照)

1.全球化世界贸易组织:(World Trade Organization)国际货币基金组织:(International Monetary Fund)《关税及贸易总协定》:(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)世界银行:(World Bank)国际贸易:(international trade)对外直接投资:(foreign direct investment)对外直接投资存量:(stock of foreign direct investment)外国企业:(multinational enterprise)国际企业:(international business)2.政治经济中的国家差异政治经济:(political economy)政治体制:(political system)集体主义:(collectivism)社会主义者:(socialists)共产主义者:(communists)社会民主主义者:(social democrats)私有化:(privatization)个人主义:(individualism)民主:(democracy)极权:(totalitarianism)市场经济:(maeket economy)计划经济:(command economy)法律体系:(legal system)普通法:(common law)大陆法:(civil law system)宗教法:(theocratic law system)合同法:(contract law)财产权:(property rights)私下行为:(private action)公共行为:(public action)《反海外腐败法》:(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act)知识产权:(intellectual property)专利:(patent)版权:(copyrights)商标:(trademarks)产品安全法:(product safety laws)产品责任:(product liability)3.政治经济和经济发展人均国民收入:(gross national income)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity)人文发展指数:(Human Development Index)创新:(innovation)创业者:(entrepreneurs)放松管制:(deregulation)第一进入者优势:(first-mover advantages)后进者优势:(late-mover disadvantages)政治风险:(political risk)经济风险:(economic risk)4.文化差异跨文化知识能力:(cross-cultural literacy)价值观:(values)准则:(norms)社会:(society)社会习惯:(folkways)道德准则:(ethics)社会结构:(social structure)群体:(group)社会阶层:(social strata)社会流动性:(social mobility)等级制度:(caste system)阶级制度:(class system)阶级意识:(class consciousness)宗教:(religion)伦理体系:(ethical systems)关系:(relationship)联系:(connection)权利距离:(power distance)个人主义:(individualism versus)集体主义:(collectivism)不确定性规避:(uncertainty avoidance)男性主义和女性主义:(masculinity versus femininity)儒家动力:(confucian dynamism)种族中心主义:(ethnocentrism)5.国际商务伦理商业伦理:(business ethics)伦理策略:(ethics strategy)社会责任:(socisl responsibility)伦理困境:(ethical dilemmas)组织文化:(organizayion cultural)文化相对论:(cultural relativism)道德论者:(righteous moralist)非道德论者:(native immoralist)实用主义伦理:(utilitarian approaches)权利理论:(rights theories)公正分配:(just distribution)无知之幕:(veil of ignorance)道德公约:(code of ethics)利益相关者:(stakeholders)6.国际贸易理论自由贸易:(free trade)新贸易理论:(nwe trade theory)重商主义:(mercantilism)零和博弈:(zero-sum game)绝对优势:(absolute advantage)规模报酬率:(constant returns to specialization)要素禀赋:(factor endowments)规模经济:(economies of scale)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常账户:(current account)经常账户赤字盈余:(current account deficit surplus)资本账户:(capital account)金融账户:(financial account)7.国际贸易中的政治经济自由贸易:(free trade)关税:(tariff)从量税:(specific tariffs)从价税:(ad valorem tariffs)补贴:(subsidy)进口配额:(import quota)关税配额:(tariff rate quota)自愿出口限制:(voluntary export restraint)配额租金:(quota rent)国产化规定:(local content requirement)行政管理贸易政策:(administrative trade policies)倾销:(dumping)反倾销政策:(antidumping policies)抵消性关税:(counter vailing duties)幼稚工业论:(infant industry argument)战略贸易政策:(strategic trade policy)8.国际直接投资新设投资:(greenfield invsetment)流量:(flow of FDI)存量:(stock of FDI)对外直接投资:(outflows of FDI)外来直接投资:(inflows of FDI)固定资本形成总额:(gross fixed capital formation)折中理论:(eclectic paradigm)出口:(exporting)技术授权:(licensing)内部化理论:(internalization theory)不完善理论:(market imperfections approach)寡头垄断行业:(oligopoly)多点竞争:(multipoint competition)区位优势:(location-specific advantages)外部性:(externalities)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常项目:(current account)离岸生产:(offshore production)9.区域经济一体化区域经济一体化:(regional economic integration)自由贸易区:(free trade area)关税同盟:(customs union)共同市场:(common market)经济联盟:(economic union)政治联盟:(political union)贸易创造:(trade creation)贸易转移:(trade diversion)执行董事会:(executive board)监管董事会:(governing council)最优货币区:(optional currency area)10.外汇市场外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)汇率:(exchange rate)外汇风险:(foreign exchange risk)外汇投机:(currency speculation)套息交易:(carry trade)即期汇率:(spot exchange rate)远期外汇:(forward exchange)远期汇率:(forward exchange rate)掉期:(currency swap)套汇:(arbitrage)载体货币:(vehicle currency)一价定律:(law of one price)效率市场:(efficient market)应用材料:(applied materials)费雪效应:(Fisher effect)跟风效应:(bandwagon effect)效率市场:(efficient market)无效市场:(inefficient market)自由兑换:(freely convertible)对外可兑换:(externally convertible)不可兑换:(nonconvertible)资本外逃:(capital flight)对等贸易:(counter trade)交易风险:(transaction exposure)折算风险:(translation exposure)经济风险:(economic exposure)提前策略:(lead strategy)错后策略:(lag strategy)11.国际货币体系国际货币体系:(international monetary system)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)盯住汇率:(pegged exchange rate)管理浮动:(dirty float)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)金本位制度:(gold standard)黄金平价:(gold par value)贸易收支平衡:(balance-of-trade equilibrium)管理浮动制度:(managed-float system)货币局制度:(currency board)货币危机:(currency crisis)银行危机:(banking crisis)外债危机:(foreign debt crisis)裙带资本主义:(crony capitalism)道德风险:(moral hazard)12.全球资本市场共享方差:(shared variance)对冲基金:(hedge funds)游资:(hot money)耐心货币:(patient money)外国债券:(foreign bonds)13.国际企业的战略战略:(strategy)盈利能力:(profitability)投资资本收益率:(ROIC)利润增长:(profit growth)价值创造:(value creation)运营:(operations)核心竞争力:(core competence)区位经济:(location economies)全球网络:(global web)经验曲线:(experience curve)学习效应:(learning effects)规模经济:(economies of scale)普遍需要:(universal needs)全球标准化战略:(global standardization strategy)本土化战略:(localization strategy)跨国战略:(transnational strategy)国际战略:(international strategy)14.国际企业的组织组织构架:(organizational architecture)组织结构:(organizational structure)控制系统:(control systems)奖励:(incentives)流程:(processes)组织文化:(organizational culture)垂直差异化:(vertical differentiation)水平差异化:(horizontal differentiation)建立整合机构:(integrating mechanisms)国际分部:(intermational division)世界范围的地区结构:(worldwide area structure)世界范围的产品分部:(worldwide product division structure)全球矩阵结构:(global matrix structure)知识网络:(knowledge network)个人控制:(personal control)行政组织结构:(bureaucratic control)产出控制:(output control)文化控制:(cultural control)绩效模糊:(performance ambiguity)15.进入战略和战略联盟战略联盟:(strategic alliance)私营部门债务:(private-sector debt)进入时机:(timing of entry)先入者优势:(first-mover advantages)开拓成本:(pioneering costs)交钥匙工程:(turnkey project)技术授权协议:(licensing agreement)技术授权协议:(cross-licensing agreement)特许经营:(franchising)合资企业:(joint venture)全资子公司:(wholly owned subsidiary)16.出口、进口和对等贸易出口管理公司:(export management company)信用证:(letter of credit)汇票:(draft)即期汇票:(sight draft)远期汇票:(time draft)提单:(bill of lading)进出口银行:(Export-Import-Bank)对等贸易:(counter trade)易货贸易:(barter)互购:(counter purchase)抵销:(offset)转手贸易:(switch trading)回购:(buy back)从价关税:(ad valorem tariff)委托代销:(consignment)禁运:(embargo)全球配额:(global quota)无形贸易壁垒:(invisible barriers to trade)信用证:(letter of credit)重商主义:(mercantilism)201条款:(section 201)17.全球生产、外包与物流生产:(production)物流:(cogistics)全面质量管理:(total quality management)六西格玛:(six sigma)最小效率规模:(minimum efficient scale)柔性制造技术:(flexible manufacturing technology)精益生产:(lean production)大规模定制:(mass customization)柔性机器单元:(flexible machine cells)价值重量:(value-to-weight)全球学习:(global learning)来源决策:(make-or-buy decisions)专业化资产:(specialized asset)动态能力:(dynamic capabilities)即时存货:(just-in-time)电子数据交换:(electronic data inferchange) 18.全球营销与开发营销组合:(marketing)市场细分:(market segmentation)集中零售体系:(concentrated retail system)分散零售体系:(fragmented retail system)渠道长度:(channel length)独占性的分销渠道:(exclusive distribution channel)渠道质量:(channel quality)源效应:(source effects)原产国效应:(country of orign effects)噪声:(noisy)推策略:(push strategy)拉策略:(pull strategy)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)富有弹性:(elastic)缺乏弹性:(inelastic)策略性定价:(strategic pricing)掠夺性定价:(predatory pricing)多点定价:(multipoint pricing)经验曲线定价:(experience curve pricing) 19.全球人力资源管理人力资源管理:(human resource management)外派经理:(expatriate manager)人员配备政策:(staffing policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)外派人员:(expatriates)内派人员:(inpatriates)外派失败:(expatriate failure)自我倾向:(self-orientation)他人倾向:(others-orientation)感知能力:(perceptual ability)文化刚性:(cultural thoughness)20.国际企业会计和财务会计准则:(accounting standards)审计准则:(auditing standards)内部远期汇率:(internal forward rate)货币管理:(money management)交易成本:(transaction costs)双边净额:(bilateral netting)多边净额:(multilateral)税收抵免:(tax credit)税收条款:(tax treaty)延期准则:(deferral principle)避税港:(tax havens)特许权使用费:(royalties)转移价格:(transfer price)弗罗廷贷款:(fronting loan)。

国际商务专业词汇(中英文对照)

国际商贸术语中英对照表

☆国际贸易对外贸易世界贸易海外贸易☆国内贸易☆有形商品贸易☆无形商品贸易☆国际服务贸易☆国际技术贸易☆出口贸易☆进口贸易☆过境贸易☆复出口☆复进口☆可兑换☆易货贸易☆总贸易☆专门贸易☆有纸贸易/单证贸易☆无纸贸易☆贸易差额☆净出口☆净进口☆进口值☆出口值☆国民生产总值☆贸易条件☆出口价格指数☆进口价格指数☆国际贸易商品结构☆《联合国国际贸易标准匪类》☆《商品名称和编码协调制度》《协调制度》☆对外贸易地理方向☆国际贸易地理方向☆亚当·斯密【英】☆大卫·李嘉图【英】☆赫克歇尔【瑞典】☆俄林【瑞典】☆要素禀赋学说赫克歇尔-俄林原理☆里昂惕夫【美】☆里昂惕夫稀少生产要素之谜里昂惕夫反论☆弗农【美】☆威尔士【美】☆产业内贸易☆新兴工业化国家international tradeforeign tradeworld tradeoversea tradedomestic tradevisible tradeinvisible tradeinternational service tradeinternational technology tradeexport tradeimport tradetransit tradere-export tradere-import tradeconvertiblebartergeneral tradespecial tradedocumentary tradeelectronic data interchange, EDIbalance of tradenet exportnet importQMQXGross National Product, GNPterms of trade, TOTPXPMcomposition of internationaltradeStandard International TradeClassification, SITCthe Harmonized CommodityDescription and Coding System,HSdirection of foreign tradedirection of international tradeAdam SmithDavid RicardoEil Filip HeckscherBeltil Gotthard Ohlinfactor endowment theorythe Heckschor-Ohlin theoremW. W. Leontiefthe Leontief scarce factorparadox / the Leontief paradoxR. VernonL. T. Wellsintra-industry tradeNIC☆反谷物法同盟☆重农主义☆休谟【英】☆制造业报告☆被动的警察☆《就业、利息和货币通论》☆次佳原理☆关税☆关境☆海关☆关税同盟☆财政关税☆保护关税☆进口税☆出口税☆过境税☆从量税☆从价税☆完税价格☆海关估价☆选择税☆混合税☆进口附加税☆反补贴税☆反倾销税☆报复关税☆科技关税☆关税税则/ 海关税则☆税则序列（税号）☆货物分类目录☆税率☆《关税合作理事会税则目录》《布鲁塞尔税则目录》☆税目号☆《国际贸易标准分类》☆编码☆单式税则/一栏税则☆复式税则/多栏税则☆非关税壁垒☆进口配额制/进口限额制☆绝对配额☆全球配额☆国别配额☆自主配额/单方面配额☆协议配额/双边配额anti-corn law leaguephysiocracyD. HumoReport on Manufacturepassive policemanThe General Theory ofEmployment, Interest andMoneysecond best theorycustoms duties / tariffcustoms frontiercustoms housecustoms unionrevenue tariffprotective customs dutiesimport dutiesexport dutiestransit dutiesspecific dutiesadvalorem dutiesduty paid valuecustoms valuealternative dutiesmixed / compound dutiesimport surtaxcounter-vailing dutyanti-dumping dutyretaliatory dutiesscientific tarifftariff schedule / customs tarifftariff No./heading No./tariff itemdescription of goodsrate of dutyCustoms Cooperation CouncilNomenclature, CCCNBrussels Tariff Nomenclature,BTNheading No.Standard International TradeClassification, SITCcodesingle tariffcomplex tariffNon-Tariff Barriers, NTBsimport quotas systemabsolute quotasglobal quotasunallocated quotascountry quotasautonomous quotasagreement quotas/bilateral quo.☆亚历山大·汉密尔顿【美】☆弗里德里希·李斯特【德】☆凯恩斯【】☆自动出口配额自动限制出口☆自限协定☆有秩序销售协定☆出口配额签证制☆进口许可证制☆公开一般许可证☆特种进口许可证☆《进口许可证手续协议》☆外汇管制☆官定汇率☆复汇率制☆歧视性政府采购政策☆《购买美国货法案》☆国内税☆增值税☆进口最低限价制☆启动价格制☆钢品特别摘要发票☆禁止进口☆进口押金制/进口存款制☆海关估价制☆美国售价制☆《海关估价协议》/《关于实施关税与贸易总协定第七条的协议》☆成交价格☆相同商品成交价格☆类似商品成交价格☆计算价格☆合理办法☆技术性贸易壁垒☆技术标准☆卫生检疫规定☆商品包装和标签规定☆红霉素☆《联邦食品、药品及化妆品法》\☆出口信贷☆买方信贷☆约束性贷款Alexander HamiltonFriedrich ListJ. M. Keynesvoluntary export quotasvoluntary restriction of exportself-restraint agreementorderly marketing agreementexport visaimport licence systemopen general licencespecific licenceAgreement on Import LicensingProceduresforeign exchange controlofficial exchange ratesystem of multiple exchangeratesdiscriminatory governmentprocurement policyBuy American Actinternal taxesvalue added taxminimum pricetrigger price mechanism, TPMspecial summary steel invoice,SSSIprohibitive importadvanced depositcustoms valuation systemAmerican selling price systemAgreement on Implementationof Article VII of the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Tradetransaction valuetransaction value of identicalgoodstransaction value of similargoodscomputed valuereasonable meanstechnical barriers to trade, TBTtechnical standardhealth and sanitary regulationpackaging and labelingregulationEry ThrocinFederal Food, Drug andCosmetic Actexport creditsupplier’s credittied loan☆关税配额☆商品倾销☆偶然性倾销☆掠夺性倾销☆短期/间歇性倾销☆长期/持续性倾销☆外汇倾销☆非歧视性原则☆最惠国待遇☆国民待遇☆关税保护原则☆透明度原则☆公平贸易原则☆互惠贸易原则☆市场准入原则☆公平解决争端原则☆国际贸易惯例国际商业管理☆《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》☆《国际货物买卖统一法》☆《国际货物买卖合同成立统一法》☆《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》☆《1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本》☆《1932年华沙-牛津规则》☆《跟单信用证统一惯例》☆《托收统一规则》☆《约克-安特卫普规则》☆《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》☆产地交货☆船上交货，离岸价格☆在运输工具旁交货☆指定目的港成本加运费☆指定的目的港成本加保险费和运费☆目的港码头交货☆国际商会tariff quotasdumpingsporadic / occasional dumpingpredatory dumpingperiod dumping / intermittentlong period /persistent dumpingexchange dumpingprinciple of non-discriminationmost favoured nation treatmentnational treatmentprinciple of customs duties asmeans of protectionprinciple of transparencyprinciple of fair tradeprinciple of mutually beneficialtradeprinciple of market accessprinciple of fair settlement ofdisputesinternational trade practiceinternational commercialpracticeUnited Nations Convention onContracts for the InternationalSale of GoodsThe Uniform Law onInternational Sale of GoodsThe Uniform Law on theFormation of Contracts for theInternational Sale of GoodsInternational Fules for theInterpretation of Trade Terms,2000Revised American Foreign TradeDefinitions, 1941Warsaw-Oxford Rules，1932Uniform Customs and Practicefor Commercial DocumentaryCreditsUniform Rules for CollectionsYork-Antwerp RulesIncoterms 2000ex-point of originfree on board, FOBfree along side, FAScost and freight , CFRcost insurance and freight, CIFex-dockICC☆出口信贷国家保证制度☆出口补贴/出口津贴☆指定地点货交承运人☆运费和保险费付至指定目的地☆运费付至……指定目的地☆工厂交货☆费用付至船边…指定装运港☆船舶吊货机☆装具索具☆吊货起重机☆驳船上交货☆驳船船舷栏杆☆边境交货(指定地点)☆卸货费用☆联运单证☆目的港船上交货☆目的港码头交货☆码头交货（税迄）☆码头交货（关税未付）☆未完税交货（目的地的指定地点）☆完税后交货☆自我参照准则☆贝塔斯曼【德国】☆搜索引擎☆邮件列表☆数据库管理系统☆数据定义语言☆品名☆品质☆商品说明☆国际标准化组织☆中国进出口商品生产企业认证机构认可委员会☆凭样品买卖☆凭卖方样品买卖☆凭买方样品买卖☆原样/标准样品☆留样/复样☆回样/对等样品☆封样☆色彩样品☆花样款式样品☆凭文字说明买卖☆凭规格买卖☆凭等级买卖☆优等export credit guarantee systemexport subsidyfree carrier, FCAcarriage and insurance paid to,CIPcarriage paid to, CPTex-works, EXWfree alongside shipwinchesship’s loading tacklecranefree on lighterlighter’s raildelivered at frontier, DAFunloading coststhrough document of transportdelivered ex ship, DESdelivered ex quay, DEQDEQ(duty paid)DEQ(duties on buyer’saccount/duty unpaid)delivered duty unpaid, DDUdelivered duty paid, DDPself-reference criterionBertelsmannsearch enginemailing listsDBMSDDLname of commodityquality of goodsdescriptionInternational Organization forStandardization，ISOChina National AccreditationBoard for Import/ExportEnterprise Certifiers, CNABsale by samplesale by seller’s samplesale by buyer’s sampleoriginal samplekeep / duplicate samplereturn / counter samplesealed samplecolor samplepattern samplesale by descriptionsale by specificationssale by gradesuperior quality☆电子数据交换/无纸贸易☆轮船☆平安险☆中号☆小号☆凭标准买卖☆英国标准☆美国国家标准化组织☆法国标准☆德国标注☆日本工业标准☆国际电工委员会☆良好平均品质☆上好可销品质☆凭牌名或商标买卖☆商品的牌名☆商标☆凭产地名称或凭地理标志买卖☆法国香水☆德国啤酒☆中国梅酒☆凭说明书和图样买卖☆质量公差☆重量☆公吨☆长吨☆短吨☆公斤☆磅☆盎司☆数量☆件☆双☆套☆打☆罗☆长度☆米☆英尺☆码☆面积☆平方米☆平方英尺☆体积☆立方米/立方公尺☆立方英尺electronic Data Interchange，EDIvesselFPAmediumsmallsale by standardBritish Standard, BSAmerican National StandardsInstitute, ANSINFDINJapanese Industrial Standards，JISIEfair average quality, FAQgood merchantable quality,GMQsale by brand or trade markbrandtrade marksale by name of origin, of saleby geographical indicationFrance perfumeGerman beerChina plumsale by description andillustrationquality toleranceweightmetric tonlong tonshort tonkilogrampoundouncenumberpiecepairsetdozengrosslengthmeterfootyardareasquare metersquare footvolumecubic metercubic foot☆中等☆低等☆大号☆加仑☆蒲式耳☆公制☆英制☆美制☆国际单位制☆毛重☆净重☆以毛作净☆皮重☆实际皮重☆平均皮重/标准皮重☆习惯皮重☆约定皮重☆纯净重☆公量☆理论重量☆溢短装☆数量增减☆约量☆机动幅度☆散装货物☆裸装货物☆包装货物☆全部包装☆局部包装☆箱☆桶☆袋☆包☆捆☆纸箱☆木箱☆铁桶☆木桶☆塑料桶☆纸袋☆麻袋☆塑料袋☆集装箱☆标准箱☆托盘☆集装袋/集装包☆平板托盘☆箱型托盘☆UPC条码ordinary qualityinferior qualitylargegallonbushelthe metric systemthe British systemthe U.S. systemthe International system ofUnits, SIgross weightnet weightgross for nettareactual tare / real tareaverage/standard tarecustomary tarecomputed tarenet net weight, NETTconditioned weighttheoretical weightmore or lessplus or minusabout or circa or approximatedelivery tolerancecargo in bulknuded cargopacked cargofull packedpart packedcasedrumbagbalebundlecartonwooden caseiron drumwood caskplastic caskpaper baggunny bagplastic bagcontainertwenty foot equivalent unit,TEUpalletflexible containerflat palletbox palletuniversal product code, UPC☆立方码☆容积☆公升☆指示标志保护标志/操作标志☆小心搬运☆请勿用钩☆警告标志☆海运包装习惯包装☆单价☆基础价格☆成本☆运费☆佣金☆净价☆折扣☆交货☆装运☆交货时间☆装运时间☆装运日期☆装船☆发运☆收妥待运☆邮局收据日期☆收货日期☆接受监管☆推定交货☆实际交货☆以取得舱位为准☆获得出口许可证为准☆装运港☆路货☆目的港☆欧洲主要港口☆非洲主要港口☆维多利亚☆的黎波里☆波特兰☆波士顿☆悉尼☆选择港☆分批装运/分期装运☆班轮运输☆班轮费率表☆班轮运输条件☆议价运费☆起码费率cubic yardcapacitylitreindicative markprotective markhandle with careuse no hookswarning markseaworthy packingcustomary packingunit pricebasic pricecostfreightcommissionnet pricediscount / rebatedeliveryshipmenttime of deliverytime of shipmentdates for shipmentloading on board vesseldispatchaccepted for carriagedate of post receiptdate of pick uptaking in chargeconstructive deliveryactual deliverysubject to shipping spaceavailablesubject to approval of exportlicenseport of shipmentcargo afloatport of destinationEuropean main ports, EMPAfrican main ports, AMPVictoriaTripoliPortlandBostonSydneyoptional portsshipment by installmentsliner transportfreight tariffliner / berth termopen rateminimum rate☆EAN条码☆识标标志☆主要标志/唛头☆此端向上☆港口附加费☆港口拥挤附加费☆货币贬值附加费☆绕航附加费☆转船附加费☆直航附加费☆选卸港附加费☆变更卸货港附加费☆超重超长附加费☆货物分级表☆中国-加拿大航线等级费率表☆租船运输不定期船运输☆租船人☆船东☆租船合同☆代表船东的经纪人☆代表租船人的租船代理☆定程租船☆单程租船/航次租船☆装货或卸货数量☆整船包干装费☆来回程租船☆连续航次租船☆航次期租船☆包运合同租船☆定期租船☆载重吨☆光船租船☆运费率☆整船包价☆不负担卸货费☆不负担装货费☆不负担装货和卸货费☆船方不管装卸、理舱和平舱☆速遣费☆滞期费☆海运提单☆货物收据☆运输合同的证明☆物权凭证☆许可转让European article numberidentification markmain mark / shipping markthis side upport surchargeport congestion surchargecurrency adjustment factor, CAFdeviation surchargetransshipment surchargedirect additionaladditional for optionaldestinationadditional for alteration ofdestinationheavy lift, long lengthadditionalsclassification of commoditiesscale of class rates forChina-Canada serviceshipping by charteringtrampcharterership’s ownercharter partyship brokerchartering agentvoyage chartersingle voyage charterin taken or outturn quantitylump sum freightround trip charterconsecutive trip chartervoyage charter on time basiscontract of affreightmenttime charterdeadweight ton, Dwtbare bat charterrate of freightlump-sum freightfree out, F.O.free in, F.I.free in and out, F.I.O.free in and out stowed andtrimmed, F.I.O.S.T.dispatch moneydemurrageocean bill of lading, B/Lreceipt for goodsevidence of contractdocuments of titlequasi-negotiable☆基本费率☆附加费☆燃油附加费☆指示提单☆凭指示☆凭托运人指示☆凭收货人指示☆凭进口方银行指示☆背书☆记名提单☆不记名提单☆清洁提单☆不清洁提单☆简式提单☆全式提单☆过期提单☆甲板货提单☆租船合同下的提单☆运输代理行提单☆倒签提单☆预借提单☆集装箱运输☆杂货集装箱☆冷藏集装箱☆散货集装箱☆开顶集装箱☆框架集装箱☆罐状集装箱☆集装箱货运站☆港站收据☆集装箱堆场☆内陆站☆班机运输☆包机运输☆集中托运方式☆航空急件传送方式桌到桌运输☆邮政包裹收据☆保险☆保险人☆被保险人☆海上风险/海难☆外来风险☆自然灾害☆海上意外事故☆海损☆纯粹风险/单纯风险☆投机风险☆自然风险☆经济风险basic freight rateadditionals / surchargesbunker adjustment factor /bunker surcharge, BAF/BSorder B/Lto orderto the order of shipperto the order of consigneeto the order of the …… bankendorsementstraight B/Lbearer B/Lclean B/Lunclean B/L / foul B/Lshort form B/Llong form B/Lstale B/Lon deck B/Lcharter party B/Lhouse B/Lante-dated B/Ladvanced B/Lcontainer transportdry containerrefrigerated containersolid bulk containeropen top containerflat rack containerfank containercontainer freight station, CFSdock recepercontainer yard, CYinland deportscheduled airlinechartered carrierconsolidationair express servicedesk to desk serviceparcel post receiptinsuranceinsurerinsuredperils of the seaextraneous risksnatural calamitiesfortuitous accidentsmarine lossespure risksspeculative risksphysical riskseconomic risks☆已装船提单☆备运提单☆直达提单☆联运提单☆转船提单☆自然灾害☆恶劣气候☆理舱不当☆雷电☆海啸☆浪击落海☆洪水☆地震☆火山爆发☆爆炸☆搁浅☆触礁☆沉没☆碰撞☆倾覆☆投弃☆吊索损害☆海盗行为☆船长、船员的不法行为☆盗窃☆短少和提货不着☆渗漏☆短量☆碰损☆破碎☆钩损☆淡水淋雨☆生锈☆玷污☆受潮受热☆串味☆全部损失（全损）☆实际全损/绝对全损☆推定全损☆委付☆委付通知☆部分损失（分损）☆共同海损☆约克·安特卫普规则☆单独海损☆不计免赔率☆施救费用/诉讼及营救费用/损害防止费用☆救助费用☆无效果无报酬☆《中国保险条款》on board or shipped B/Lreceived for shipment B/Ldirect B/Lthrough B/Ltransshipment B/Lnatural calamitiesheavy weatherfaulty stowagelightningtsunamiwashing overboardfloodearthquakevolcanic eruptionexplosionstrandingon the rockssunkcollisioncapsizedjettisonsling losspiracybarratry of master and marinertheft / pilferageshort-delivery and non-deliveryleakageshortage in weightclashingbreakagehook damagefresh and rain water damagerustingcontaminationsweating and heatingtaint of odourtotal lossactual total loss, A TLconstructive total loss, CTLabandonmentnotice of abandonmentpartial lossgeneral averageYork-Antwerp Rulesparticular averageirrespective of percentage, IOPsue & labour chargessalvage chargesno cure, no payChina Insurance Clauses, CIC☆社会风险☆财产风险☆人身风险☆责任风险☆船、货保险单☆偷窃、提货不着险☆淡水雨淋险☆混杂、玷污险☆渗漏险☆碰损、破碎险☆串味险☆钩损险☆受潮受热险☆包装破裂险☆锈损险☆交货不到险☆进口关税险☆舱面险☆拒收险☆黄曲霉毒素险☆出口货物到香港（包括九龙）或澳门存仓火险责任扩展条款☆海运战争险☆海运货物战争险的附加费用险☆罢工险☆卖方利益险☆协会货物条款☆陆运险☆陆运一切险☆路上运输货物战争险（火车）☆航空运输险☆航空运输一切险☆航空运输货物战争险☆邮包险☆邮包一切险☆邮包战争险☆要保书/投保单☆流动保险单☆注销条款☆预约保险单/开口保险单☆估价条款☆总括保险单/闭口保险单social risksproperty riskspersonal risksliability risksS.B. policytheft, pilferage and non-delivery,TPNDfresh water &/or rain damage,FWRDrisk of intermixture andcontaminationrisk of leakagerisk of clash and breakagerisk of odourhook damagedamage caused by sweating andheatingbreakage of packingrisk of rustfailure to deliveryimport duty riskon deck riskrejection riskaflatoxinfire risk extension clause forstorage of cargo at destinationHongKong, including Kowloowor Macaoocean marine cargo war riskadditional expenses war risksstrikes riskcontingency insurance coversseller’s interest onlyinstitute cargo clauses, ICCoverland transportation risksoverland transportation all risksoverland transportation cargowar risks (by train)air transportation risksair transportation all risksair transportation cargo war risksparcel post risksparcel post all risksparcel post war risksapplication for insurancefloating policycancellation clauseopen policyvaluation clauseblanket policy / closed policy☆平安险☆水险☆一切险☆仓至仓☆短量险☆受票人/付款人☆收款人/收款人☆银行汇票☆商业汇票☆即期汇票☆远期汇票☆光票☆跟单汇票☆商业承兑汇票☆银行承兑汇票☆国内汇票☆国外汇票☆出票☆提示☆承兑☆付款☆付一不付二☆记名/正式/完全背书☆背书人☆被背书人☆空白背书☆持票人☆见票☆贴现☆拒付☆善意持有人☆拒绝证书☆当地公证人☆不受追索☆本票☆支票☆划线支票☆保付支票☆保付☆汇付☆信汇☆电汇☆预付货款☆货到付款☆托收☆委托人☆托收行☆代收行free from particular average,FPAwith particular average,WA/WPAall riskswarehouse to warehouse, W/Wrisk of shortagedrawee / payerpayeebanker’s billcommercial billsight bill / demand drafttime bill / usance billclean billdocumentary billtrader’s acceptance billbanker’s acceptance billinland billforeign billissuepresentationacceptancepaymentsecond of exchange beingunpaidspecial endorsementendorsement in fullendorserendorseeendorsement blankholdersightdiscountdishonorbona fide holderprotestnotary publicwithout recoursepromissory notecheck / chequecrossed checkcertified checkto certifyremittancemail transfer, M/Ttelegraphic transfer, T/Tpayment in advancepayment after arrival of goodscollectionprincipalremitting bankcollecting bank☆恢复条款☆保险单☆保险凭证☆联合凭证☆汇票☆出票人☆承兑交单☆信托收据☆付款交单凭信托收据借单☆卖方利益险☆货运单据☆信用证/信用状☆正本☆副本☆三份☆首要付款责任☆约定☆严格符合的原则☆自足文件☆单据☆开征申请人☆开征行☆受益人☆收件人☆通知行☆代理行☆转递行☆议付行☆付款行☆受票银行☆代付行☆保兑行☆偿付行信有证清银行☆转让行☆第一受益人可转让信用证的转让人☆第二受益人可转让信用证的受让人☆承兑行☆跟单信用证☆光票信用证☆不可撤销信用证☆可撤销信用证☆保兑信用证☆保兑行☆第一性付款人☆不保兑信用证☆即期信用证☆电汇索偿条款reinstatement clausepolicy, insurance policyinsurance certificatecombined certificatedraft, bill of exchangedrawerdocuments against acceptance,D/Atrust receipt, T/RD/P·T/Rseller’s contingent interest riskshipping documentsletter of credit, L/Coriginalcopytriplicateprimary liabilities for paymentarrangementthe doctrine of strict complianceself-sufficient instrumentdocumentsapplicantopening bank / issuing bankbeneficiaryaddresseeadvising bank / notifying bankcorrespondent banktransmitting banknegotiating bankpaying bankdrawee bankpaying bank agentconfirming bankconfirming bankclearing banktransferring bankfirst beneficiarytransferorsecond beneficiarytransfereeaccepting bankdocumentary creditclean creditirrevocable creditrevocable creditconfirmed creditconfirmed bankfirst draweeunconfirmed creditsight creditL/C with T/T reimbursement☆提示行☆委托人的代表☆托收委托书☆付款交单☆即期付款交单☆远期付款交单☆承兑信用证☆议付信用证☆议付兑现☆限制议付信用证☆公开议付信用证自由议付信用证☆可转让信用证☆可分割☆可分开☆可过户☆可转移☆不可转让信用证☆循环信用证☆可积累使用的循环信用证☆非积累使用的循环信用证☆背对信用证/背对背信用证从属信用证☆对开信用证☆预支信用证☆全部预支信用证☆红条款信用证☆备用信用证商业票据信用证担保信用证履约信用证☆担保公司☆银行保证函☆受益人☆担保人☆反向担保☆投标保函☆履约保函☆还款保函☆前提条件☆押金☆信开☆电开☆预通知信用证☆证实本☆议付☆偿付授权书☆索偿书☆偿付presenting bankprincipal’s representative in caseof needcollection orderdocuments against payment, D/PD/P at sightD/P after sightacceptance creditnegotiation creditavailable by negotiationrestricted negotiation creditopen negotiation creditfreely negotiation credittransferable creditdivisiblefractionableassignabletransmissiblenon-transferable creditrevolving creditcumulative revolving creditnon-cumulative revolving creditback to back creditsubsidiary or secondary creditreciprocal creditanticipatory credit/prepaid creditclean payment creditred clause creditstandby L/Ccommercial L/Cguarantee L/Cperformance L/Cbonding companyletter of guarantee, bankguarantee, L/Cbeneficiaryguarantorcounter guaranteetender guaranteeperformance guaranteerepayment guaranteecondition precedentmarginopen by airmailopen by telecommunicationpre-advised creditconfirmationnegotiationreimbursement authorizationreimbursement claimreimbursement☆远期信用证☆银行承兑远期信用证☆延期付款信用证☆假远期信用证☆买方远期信用证☆付款信用证☆允许转运☆货物的检验商品检验☆交付☆检验或察看☆接受或拒收☆收到☆商业单位☆美国粮谷检验署☆美国食品药物管理局☆美国保险人实验室☆英国劳合氏公证行☆日本海事鉴定协会☆中或人民共和国国家进出口商品检验局☆中国进出口商品检验总公司☆中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫局（国家出入境检验检疫局）☆检验证书☆品质检验证书☆数量（重量）检验证书☆包装检验证书☆兽医检验证书☆卫生（健康）检验证书☆消毒检验证书☆熏蒸证书☆温度检验证书☆产地检验证书☆价值检验证书☆残损检验证书clauseusance creditbanker’s acceptance creditdeferred payment creditusance credit payable at sightbuyer’s usance creditpayment credittransshipments are permittedinspection of the goodscommodity inspectiondeliveryinspection or examinationacceptance or rejectionreceivedcommercial unitFGESfood and drugs administration,FDAunderwriters laboratory, ULLloyd’s surveyorJapan marine surveyors & swornmeasurer’s association, NKKKState Administration of Importand Export CommodityInspection of the People’sRepublic of China, SACIChina Import and ExportCommodity InspectionCorporation, CCICState Administration of Exit andEntry Inspection and Quarantineof the People’s Republic ofChina, CIQinspection certificateinspection certificate of qualityinspection certificate of quantity/ weightinspection certificate of packingveterinary inspection certificatesanitary inspection certificate /inspection certificate of healthdisinfection inspectioncertificateinspection certificate offumigationcertificate of temperatureinspection certificate of origininspection certificate of valueinspection certificate ondamaged cargo☆保理☆国际保理服务☆出口保理商☆进口保理商☆福费庭☆无追索权☆保函☆本票☆重大违约☆轻微违约☆根本违约☆非根本违约☆合同落空/情势变迁☆仲裁☆裁决☆仲裁条款☆协议☆授引☆《承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约》/ 《1958年纽约公约》☆托运单☆装货单☆收货单☆担保书☆factorinternational factoringexport factorimport factorforfaitingwithout recourseguarantee letterpromissory notesmaterial breachminor breachfundamental breachnon-fundamental breachfrustration of contractarbitrationawardarbitration clausesubmissionreferenceConvention on the recognitionand Enforcement of ForeignArbitral Awardsbooking noteshipping ordermate’s receiptletter of indemnity☆验舱证书☆货载衡量证书☆争议☆违反要件☆违反担保☆无名条款中间条款inspection certificate on tanks /holdsinspection certificate on cargoweight and measurementdisputesbreach of conditionbreach of warrantyinnominate termsintermediate terms。

商务英语翻译汉英词汇大全

商务英语翻译技能等级考试汉英词汇表（以英语字母顺序排序）翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为5高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3+24 安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents2 安全电报证书safety radio certificate4 安全系统fail-safe system3 按股分红sharing profits according to contribution4 按市价订购贡market order2 按市价折旧depreciation at market price2 按物价计酬法sliding scale5 按现价计算at current price3 按小时付酬be paid by the hour3 按原价计算calculated on the basis of their (or ist)original price4 按原口径计算calculate on the base line2 按质论价fixing the prices according to the quality of products5 案例分析case study3 八个坚持、八个反对eight do's and eight don'ts2 把…与国际接轨gear…to the international conventions3 把市场供货一买而光calear the market3 罢工暴动民变险SRCC （strikes, riots and civil commotions）5 罢工津贴（由工会给的）strike pay4 罢工纠察队员strike picket3 罢工险strike risk5 白领阶层white-collar2 白色商品(如冰箱和洗衣机等用在厨房中的产品) white goods4 白银市场silver market3 拜会made a courtesy call on4 班轮regular shipping liner3 班轮运费表liner’s freight tarif f4 班轮运输liner transport4 办公费office expenses4 半年决算half-year closing2 半日工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work4 半熟练的semi-skilled4 包工包料contract for labor and materials3 包工制labor contract system3 包销exclusive sales; have exclusive selling rights; submit an expense account 5 包装；包装物packaging5 包装不符wrong packing4 包装不善bad packing4 包装材料packing material5 包装成本packing cost4 包装费用packing charges5 包装工业packing industry4 包装规格packing specification3 包装破裂loss or damage caused by breakage of packing5 包装容积bale capacity5 饱和saturate5 保单guarantee3 保单期满expiration of policy3 保兑信用证confirmed letter of crdit3 保兑银行confirming bank2 保管货币custody of money2 保护措施protective measures2 保护关税protective tariff2 保护关税政策policy of protective tariff2 保护贸易政策protective trade policy5 保护主义protectionism3 保留工资retained salaries3 保姆式全程服务whole-journey nanny service3 保税仓库bonded warehouse2 保税工厂bonded factory2 保鲜期period of insurance5 保险insurance3 保险陈报书declaration policy4 保险代理insurance agent5 保险单policy; insurance policy4 保险单据insurance document4 保险担保guarantee of insurance2 保险范围extent of insurance coverage; insurance coverage; risk covered 5 保险费premium4 保险公司insurance company4 保险合同insurance treaty5 保险回扣insurance rebate3 保险金（保险收入）insurance proceeds5 保险金得益benefit5 保险金额sum of insurance;amount insured3 保险经纪人insurance broker4 保险客户policy holder5 保险率费premium rate4 保险赔偿insurance indemnity2 保险凭证insurance certificate2 保险权益insurance interest5 保险人；承保人insurer3 保险索赔insurance claim3 保险条例（中国人民保险公司）CIC (China Insurance Clause)3 保险物interest insured4 保险性存货（以应付万一）decoupling inventory3 保险佣金insurance commission4 保险责任insurance liability3 保险责任终止termination of risk3 保险帐目underwriting account3 保险证明书cover note4 保险种类kinds of insurance2 保证国家的长治久安guarantee China's long-term stability2 保证金cash deposit5 保证金；利润margin4 保证信用证confirmed L/ C3 保证重量weight guaranteed3 保质保量quality and quantity assured2 报表statements and reports3 报关customs declaration; clearance of goods; apply to the customs 5 报关单；舱单manifest2 报关费customs declaration fee3 报关附税payment of duty2 报关行customs broker; customhouse broker5 报价quotation4 报税make a statement of dutiable goods4 报税通知单；报关单bill of entry5 报销reimburse5 暴跌break4 备忘录 memorandum3 备用信用证stand by credit5 背书endorsement5 被解雇的；过多的redundant5 被面试的人interviewee5 被任命人appointee5 被诉方defendant4 被通知人notify party5 本地银行local bank4 本国货币domestic currency, local currenc2 本金连所生利息principal with accrued interest4 本利capital and interest;principal and interest3 本票；期票promissory note5 比率ratio5 闭关自守autarchy2 边富民兴vitalize border areas and enrich the people living3 边际生产力marginal productivity2 边际消费倾向MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume)5 边境贸易border trade; frontier trade4 编制预算preparing a budget; making a budget5 贬值depreciation4 变价appraise at the current rate4 标高售价mark-up3 标价posted price5 标签label4 标准standard type2 标准国际单位制international system of units2 标准集装箱TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit)2 标准价格normal price3 标准统一Harmonization of Standards5 表现工作情况performance5 饼形图 pie chart5 病假sick leave5 病假工资sick note5 拨款allotment; appropriation2 拨款；拨款款项；资金分配remit money; allocation of funds5 波动fluctuate5 剥夺divest5 驳船lighter3 薄利多销small profits but quick turnover; large sales at a small profit4 补偿贸易（或抵偿贸易；往返贸易）compensating / compensatory trade; compen4 补税collection of duty short paid; cover deficit by state subsidies5 补助金allowance; benefit5 补助金；补贴；津贴subsidy2 不保兑信用证unconfirmed L/C2 不变成本；固定成本constant cost5 不变价格；固定价格fixed price; constant price5 不变资本；固定资本fixed capital; constant capital5 不充分就业underemployment2 不等价贸易trade of unequal values5 不定期船tramp4 不定值保单unvalued policy4 不动产,房地产real estate; immovable property3 不动产税real estate tax2 不对路产品unmarketable goods5 不发达underdevelopment2 不固定利息variable interest2 不记名承兑acceptance in blank4 不记名支票bearer cheque5 不经济的，浪费uneconomical5 不可撤消的，不能改变的irrevocable4 不可撤销发盘irrevocable offer2 不可抗力force majeure2 不可转让信用证non-transferable L/C2 不论损失程度IPO (irrespective of percentage)5 不欠债 be out of debt3 不受约束without engagement3 不限期即期装运undefined prompt shipment3 不许转运；不许转船transshipment prohibited3 不足款保险under-insurance3 布雷顿森林体系 The Bretton Woods System5 部分segment5 部门division; section5 部门经理助理staff manager5 簿记bookkeeping5 簿记员bookkeeper4 材料管理materials handling3 财产保险property insurance2 财产归属property ownership5 财团consortium4 财务报告financial statement2 财务混乱general chaos in bookkeeping4 财务结算financial settlement3 财务事项；金融交易financial transactions2 财务税收fiscal charges2 财务预算financial forecast5 财务支持backing5 财政public finance4 财政保护financial protection3 财政拨款financial allocations2 财政补贴financial subsidies; grant-in-aid4 财政部 the Ministry of Finance5 财政的 financial; fiscal4 财政关税revenue tariff2 财政管理机构fiscal authorities2 财政及预算拨款f inancial and budgetary provisions 5 财政年度fiscal year; financial year4 财政收入financial revenue5 财政税revenue tax5 财政信贷financial credit2 财政预算financial budget5 财政援助financial aid5 裁员redundancy5 采购人purchaser3 采取高姿态show magnanimity3 参加工会的工人organized labour5 参考价 reference price4 参考样品reference sample5 参考资料reference2 残次商品substandard commodities4 残酷的cut-throat5 仓库depot4 仓至仓条款W / W (warehouse to warehouse)4 舱位shipping space2 操作简便easy and simple to handle4 草签合同initial a contract5 策划plot3 查船inspection of ships; search of ships4 查禁走私（缉私）prevention of smuggling2 查扣物品凭单seizure ticket4 查账；盘账check account4 查账报告audit report5 差额（常指股票买价和卖价） spread5 差额；收支差额balance3 产、供、销production, supply and marketing of products 5 产出；产量output3 产地证明书certificate of origin5 产品product4 产品成本cost of goods manufactured2 产品成分production sharing2 产品的参考号码reference number (Ref. No.)3 产品返销product buyback4 产品生命周期product life cycle5 产品说明specification3 产品组合（种类和数量的组合）product mix2 产业联合industry gonsolidation4 产值output value; value of output4 长期贷款long-term loan3 长期经营long-standing business dealing2 长期通货膨胀chronic inflation4 长期投资long-term investment4 长期债务人 aged debtors4 长期证券long-term security3 长线产品long-term oversupplied goods; oversupplied products4 偿付借款repayment of loan3 偿付损失settlement of loss2 偿付信用证reimbursement credit5 偿还redemption; refund3 偿还贷款本息pay the principal and interest on the loan they borrow4 偿还基金redemption fund3 偿还率rate of redemption2 偿还外汇贷款repayment of foreign loans2 偿还债款paying off a loan2 偿还债权人settle with creditors3 偿还债务settle a debt payment3 偿债基金sinking fund3 偿债能力debt paying ability5 畅销active demand4 畅销best-selling goods3 畅销货article in great demand2 畅销全球selling well all over the world4 畅销性market ability5 钞票bank note4 钞票；纸币paper money2 超额奖金bonuses for topping quotas4 超额支出financial expenditure5 超过exceed2 超期羁押detention beyond the legally prescribed time limit5 超收overcharge4 超支over-expenditure5 车间flow shop4 撤销合同cancel a contract5 陈列室showroom5 成本cost3 成本保险费加运费CIF, c.i.f.4 成本会计cost accounting5 成本计算costing4 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F (cost and freight)5 成本价cost price2 成本推进式通货膨胀c ost-push inflation3 成本推进型 cost push3 成交conclude business4 成交make a bargain; concude a transaction3 成交额volume of transaction; volume of business5 成交活跃的股票active stock5 成文法 statute5 呈送hand in5 承办商contractor2 承包工程contracting work3 承包通知单insurance cover note5 承保险别risk covered; risk insured2 承兑费acceptance charge2 承兑交单documents against acceptance3 承兑信用证acceptance letter of credit4 承兑信用证banker’s acceptance4 承兑银行accepting bank; merchant bank 4 承兑支票honor a check3 承接订单execute an order5 承诺commitment5 承认recognise5 承租人 lessee2 诚信为本openness basing on sincerity4 城市建设附加费city development surcharge 3 程租船；程租voyage charter5 持有者 holder3 尺码吨measurement ton5 赤字deficit; in the red2 赤字开支deficit spending2 充分需求adequate demand5 冲突conflict5 抽查test check; sport check3 抽样认可acceptance sampling5 筹借资金financing5 酬金compensation; remuneration5 出厂价格producer price; ex-factory price 4 出港许可证port clearance4 出境许可证departure permit; exit permit3 出口包装export packing5 出口包装公司export packer3 出口标准包装export standard packing5 出口补贴export subsidy5 出口管制export control5 出口合同export contract5 出口汇票export bill3 出口加工贸易active improement trade4 出口加工区EPZ （export processing zone)5 出口津贴export subsidy4 出口经营export operation5 出口能力export capability4 出口配额制export quota system2 出口申报export declaration5 出口税export duty4 出口退税tax eefund4 出口销售额export sales5 出口信贷export credit2 出口信用国家担保government guarantee of export credit3 出口信用证export letter of credit5 出口许口证export licence2 出纳receive and pay out money or bills5 出纳员cashier; pay clerk5 出租人 lessor4 除当事人另有约定的以外unless parties have agreed otherwise3 除非较早靠泊unless sooner berthed2 除非另有约定unless other wise agreed4 除非使用unless used5 除外责任exclusion2 储备货币reserve currency5 储备基金；储备资本reserve funds2 储蓄存款saving deposit5 储蓄银行savings banks5 处理（事务）dispose2 传销及变相传销Pyramid schemes and the ones in disguised forms 5 传阅circulate5 传阅的小册子（传单等）circular3 船舶运输代理人shipping and forwarding agents4 船舱进口报告书report of ship’s entry2 船东责任ship owner's liability2 船方负担税金steamer pays dues3 船壳特殊检验special survey for hull5 船员清单crew list4 船只扣留；海关扣留detention of vessel3 串味险risk of odor4 创办资本；最初资本initial capital5 创立set up4 垂直贸易（南北贸易）vertical trade; south-north trade5 纯金fine gold; pure gold5 纯利润；净利net profit5 纯收益；净收入；收益净额net income5 辞职resignation5 辞职申请；离职通知；通知notice2 从价税 Ad (valorem tariff)4 从量税 specific duty5 从事多种经营diversify4 从业人员employed person3 从属信用证subsidiary credit5 粗略地roughly5 促销传单flier(=flyer)2 催缴资本calling up of capital4 催债press for payment of debt5 存单depositor3 存积货物carrying stock5 存款savings2 存款比率ratio of deposits3 存款单；存款收据deposit receipt; deposit certificate; CD（certificate of deposit)4 存款金额amount deposited4 存款利率deposit rate3 存款利息interest on deposit3 存款政策policy of deposits; inventory policy5 存折bankbook; deposit book5 措辞wording2 达标活动target hitting activities4 达成交易strike a bargain4 达到最有效的基本生产规模MES (minimum efficient scale)5 打包bale packing5 打包机器press5 打发走 dismissal3 打假crack down on counterfeit goods5 打入（市场）penetrate4 大东亚共荣圈Greater Far East Co-prosperity Sphere2 大幅度地；大量地substantially3 大减价bargain sale3 大量订购large-volume commodities; bulk commodity4 大陆架continental shelf3 大陆桥continental bridge; land bridge4 大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality4 大写金额amount in words5 大灾难catastrophe5 大众传媒（如电视、广播、报纸等）mass media3 大众营销术 mass-marketing3 大宗商品stample commodity3 呆滞商品drug in the market4 呆滞资产bad assets2 代表性样品 representative sample5 代理人agent3 代理手续费agency commission4 代理协议agency agreement5 代理业务agent-service3 代销offer for sale; sale on a commission basis2 待指定be nominated4 贷款loaning money3 贷款利率lending rate2 贷款利息interest on a loan2 贷款期限length of loan5 贷款条件term of loan4 贷款协定；借款契约loan agreement4 贷款账户loan account3 贷款总额loan ceiling5 袋装货cargo in bag4 单边出口unilateral export2 单边贸易unilateral trade5 单边主义unilateralism3 单纯支付clean / simple payment4 单独海损PA (particular average)5 单价unit price4 单利simple interest5 单式簿记single-entry5 单位unit4 单位成本unit cost4 单一的实体 single entity4 单一市场Single Market5 弹性工作时间制 flextime2 弹性工作制的必须上班时间core time3 弹性预算flexible budget5 淡季的off-season4 淡水雨淋险FWRD (fresh water rain damage)3 当地信用证local letter of credit3 当事人之间私下和解amicable settlement between two parties2 当务之急top priority2 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价） CIF-cost,insurance and freight 2 到期本金matured principal4 到期全部付清be paid in full at the appointed time5 到期日,偿还日maturity3 到期未付清的负债matured liabilities unpaid5 得到供货sourcing5 登记注册的 listed2 等价贸易trade of equal values5 低潮hard times4 低档（风险）债券，垃圾债券 junk bonds3 低档商品市场down-market5 低效率inefficiency3 抵偿贸易政策compensation trade policy4 抵达海水吃水salt water arrival draft3 抵抗全球经济衰退combat the global economic slump4 抵押mortgage4 抵押贷款mortgage lending4 抵押金mortgage money3 抵押契约mortgage agreement4 抵押银行mortgage bank2 抵债pay a debt in kin or by labor5 抵制boycott4 地方公务员local public service employee5 地区region3 地租land tax3 递交辞呈hand in one's notice5 递盘bidding2 递实盘 bid firm2 第三保险third-party insurance3 缔结合同conclude a contract3 缔约方 contracting party2 电复cable reply2 电话接线员telephone operator5 电话销售telesales4 电汇telegraphic transfer; telegraphically remit4 电脑操作员key puncher4 电讯telegraphic communication3 奠基仪式foundation stone laying ceremony5 调查survey2 调节税regulatory business tax3 调解人re-conciliator5 调遣dispatch3 调整前预算表trial balance before adjustment5 订单order sheet; indent5 订购；订货 book; place an order for5 订货合同contract for goods4 定金earnest money2 定期存款fixed deposit; time deposit2 定期存款单time certificate of deposit4 定期付款payment on term5 定期增加increment2 定期租船time charter5 定向orient5 定向发行introduction2 东亚经济圈East Asia Economic Rim3 董事会Board of Directors4 动产movable property5 动机motive5 冻结资本frozen fund2 冻结资产frozen assets5 冻结资金frozen capital5 独家代理exclusive agency; sole agency4 独家分销商 sole distributor4 独家经营/ 包销/ 代理协议exclusivity agreement4 独家专营权exclusive right2 独立核算keep separate accounts4 独立经营individual proprietorship5 独占资本monopoly capital3 短量险risk of shortage5 短期贷款short-term loan4 短期汇票short-term draft5 短期借款short loan; short-term borrowing2 短期投资current investment; liquid investment3 短期外债short term external debt5 短期信贷short term credit2 短期债务；流动债务floating debt3 短期证券short-term security5 短缺scarcity3 短线产品goods in shor supply; undersupplied products4 对冲基金hedge fund4 对等样品counter sample3 对货物（合同、订单等）的保险insurance on goods (contract, order, etc.)2 对品牌的忠实（指消费者）brand loyalty2 对人民高度负责的态度maintain a high sense of responsibility5 对手competitor, rival5 对外贸易external trade; foreign trade2 对外贸易惯例custom of foreign trade2 对外贸易区foreign trade zone2 对外贸易值 value of foreign trade2 对违禁品的没收confiscation of contraband3 对消贸易（抵偿贸易）counter trade4 兑付honour (a cheque)5 兑现pay cash; cash a cheque2 吨位丈量证书tonnage measurement certificate3 吨位证书tonnage certificate3 囤积价值carrying value2 多边安排multilateral arrangements3 多边环境协议Multilateral Environmental Agreement4 多边贸易multilateral trade2 多边协定multilateral agreement5 多边主义multilateralism5 多付（款）overpay4 多级管理multiple management5 多头bull4 多头买升buying long4 多头执法duplicate law enforcement5 多样化 variety2 多种经营diversified economy4 额定投资；法定资本；核定资本authorized capital4 额外保险excess insurance3 额外保险费extra premium5 额外待遇（交通、保健、保险等） perk4 额外投资additional investment5 恶劣天气heavy weather二级词汇3 发货deliver goods4 发货人提供的重量shipper's weights4 发价make an offer5 发盘offer5 发盘的撤销5 发盘的修改modification; revocation5 发盘人offerer5 发票invoice4 发实盘 offer firm5 发行股票issue; float4 发行价格issue price5 发言人 spokesman2 发展基金expansion funds5 发展中的developing5 发证行issuing bank5 罚金；罚金条款penalty5 法定贬值devaluation5 法定的 statutory3 法定货币lawful money; legal tender3 法定利率legal interest4 法定契约contract by deed5 法定升值；使货币升值；重估价revaluation3 法人税；公司税corporation tax3 法庭调解reconciliation by court3 反补贴税Countervailing Duty5 反馈feedback4 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against3 反倾销税antidumping duty5 返销buy back2 贩卖transport goods for sale2 方法研究method study4 防潮包装damp-proof packing2 防范和化解金融风险address financial risks; guard against and defuse financial risks 2 防水包装waterproof packing4 防伪标志anti-fake label2 防止"一哄而起" avoid herd mentality2 防止经济过热prevent an overheated economy2 房地产税housing and land tax3 放宽利率liberalization of interest rates5 放行release3 非凡的牛市 raging bull3 非关税堡垒non-tariff barrier3 非技术工人unskilled worker4 非居民账户non-resident account3 非配额产品 quota-free products3 非歧视Non-discrimination2 非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects; nonproductive funds4 非专门设计的off-the-shelf2 废除合同annul a contract5 废料或废品scrap2 费改税改革tax-for-fees reform5 费用expense5 分包（工程项目），转包；承包合同subcontract3 分保（在保险）re- insurance5 分发，分送产品distribution4 分股share split up4 分红share profit; receive dividends2 分级核算business accounting at different levels4 分阶段停止使用phase out5 分类帐；账本（账册、账簿）subsidiary account; ledger3 分批运输partial transport5 分期偿还amortize5 分期偿还贷款term loan4 分期付款installment buying; purchase in installment3 分期付款购物法hire purchase3 分摊费用apportionment of expenses3 分业管理、规模经营business segregation, economy of scale4 风险分级classification of risk2 风险管理/ 评估risk management / assessment3 风险基金；风险资本v enture capital3 风险意识consciousness of risk prevention3 风险准备金 loan loss provision; provisions of risk5 风险资本risk capital2 封锁及禁运blockade and embargo2 封样sealed sample5 福利welfare2 福利补贴welfare for dependants; floating rate2 抚养津贴dependency allowance3 付款（交货）against payment3 付款交单document against payment (DP)5 付款凭单voucher5 付款台checkout5 负债；债务liability; get into debt3 附寄一张支票已清偿enclose a check in settlement of2 附加保险费additional premium3 附加费用additional charges; extra charges4 附加福利fringe benefits5 附加工资extra wage; supplementary wage4 附加津贴fringe benefits5 附加税surtax4 附加资本supplementary capital; additional paid-in capital5 附件appendix5 附录attachment4 复利（复息）compound interest4 复式簿记double-entry5 复苏recovery5 复样duplicate sample5 副本copy5 副产品by-product5 副职deputy2 改革价格形成机制reform the price formation mechanism 2 改善进入条件improve terms of access2 概不赊欠ready money business,no credit given3 概算financial estimates3 岗位津贴job subsidies3 港口附加费port surcharge3 港口税port dues5 杠杆比率leverage4 高层管理人员senior management2 高档商品的/ 地up market3 高度机密strictly confidential5 高额定价，撇奶油式定价skimming5 革新innovate3 格式合同model contract4 个别资本individual capital4 个人贷款personal loan4 个人收入personal income3 个人所得税individual income tax4 个人自愿计划voluntary private plans4 个体经济individual economy3 个体经营privately or individually-owned business4 个体经营者individual operator3 个体商贩individual traders and peddlers3 各费付讫charges paid4 给予折扣discount granted2 根本违反fundamental breach5 根据订单against order4 根据订货而生产的产品make-to-order3 跟单汇票documentary bill3 跟单信用证documentary letter of credit5 工厂的布局 layout5 工厂的总产量throughput4 工厂负责人plant manager4 工会trade union4 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的collective agreement 4 工会管事shop steward2 工商法规commercial and industrial law and regulations 2 工商所得税tax on industry5 工商业界business circle4 工商资金industrial and commercial funds3 工团主义trade unionism3 工团主义者trade unionist3 工业（实业）股票industrial stock3 工业流动资金industrial circulating funds3 工业展览会industrial exhibition3 工艺精良sophisticated technology5 工资wage; earnings5 工资冻结wage freeze5 工资或薪金收入，经营或投资的收入income2 工资价格螺旋上升wage-price spiral3 工资指数wage index2 工作的满意感（自豪感）job satisfaction2 工作过程work-in-proGREss5 工作量 workload2 工作流动job mobility4 工作轮换job rotation4 工作情况评估performance appraisal5 工作日working day5 工作时间working hours5 工作说明；职务说明j ob description4 工作条件working conditions3 工作位置work station5 工作许可证work permit5 公布；做广告advertise5 公差tolerance2 公共保险公司co- insurance company4 公共成分；公共部门；公有企业public sector2 公共关系PR (public relations)2 公共积累public accumulation2 公共事业股票utility stock4 公共投资public investment2 公共债务membership criteria2 公积金public welfare funds4 公开发行public issue4 公开上市交易的公司Publicly Traded Companies3 公开市场业务Open-Market Operations5 公路通行税road toll3 公路运输road transport5 公平交易fair trade5 公司company; firm5 公司的长期目标和原则mission5 公司帐目books3 公司组织机构图organisation chart4 公务员public servants4 公益金public accumulation funds; public reserve funds4 公制the metric system5 公众，（有共同兴趣的）一群人或社会人士publics 5 供不应求demand over supply3 供不应求in short supply3 供不应求的市场tight market2 供过于求supply exceeds demand5 供最后选择的候选人名单shortlist2 共同海损general average2 共同海损分摊GA contribution3 共同价contracted price4 共同商议collective discussion2 共同体基金community fund2 共有基金投资mutual fund investment5 贡持有人,股东shareholder5 贡持有人,股东；股票持有人stockholder5 贡经纪人stock-jobber4 贡投资stock investment4 钩损险hook damage4 购货单purchase note4 购货合同；购买合同；买卖合同purchase contract5 购货请求buying requisition2 购货确认书；购买确认书purchase confirmation3 购货转销buying for resale5 购买purchase5 购买力buying power; purchasing power3 估计价estimated price4 估计需求estimated demand5 估价；评定assess2 估税标准basis of assessment5 估算reckon4 股本；股本资本capital stock; equity capital5 股东；股票持有人shareholder3 股东年会annual general meeting5 股东权益equity5 股份share5 股份公司；证券公司stock company; joint-stock company 3 股份合作joint stock partnership2 股份有限公司limited (liability) company (ltd.)4 股金share capital4 股利收入income gain4 股面价格, 票面价格par value5 股票stock2 股票报价quotation for stock4 股票发行stock issue5 股票公司job firm5 股票过户stock transfer2 股票换手率 stock turnover5 股票交易额；营业额；员工流动的比率turnover4 股票交易所；贡市场；证券交易所 stock exchange5 股票经纪人；贡经纪人stockbroker4 股票买卖；股票交易buying and selling stocks2 股票平均价格stock average5 股票商人stock jobber2 股票上市公司public limited company (plc)2 股票所有权stock ownership4 股票值share worth4 股票指数share index; stock index3 股权分置改革Share-merger reform5 股息dividend2 固定费用fixed rate4 固定工permanent worker3 固定汇率fixed exchange rate2 固定货币供给效应Fixed Money-Supply Effect 5 固定价格regular price5 固定收入fixed income3 固定收益constant return2 固定债务；长期债务funded debt3 固定资产fixed assets5 顾客化customise4 雇佣工人salary earner5 雇员名单，工资表payroll2 关闭公司wind up2 关键途径分析法critical path analysis2 关境customs frontier5 关税tariff; customs duty5 关税堡垒tariff barrier3 关税合并（关税同化）mergence of tariff2 关税减让tariff concession2 关税配额tariff quota3 关税收入customs revenue3 官价official price5 管理部门management5 管理人员的，管理方面的managerial2 管理信息系统management information syem (MIS)4 管理帐目management accounts5 管辖（权） jurisdiction4 管账keeping accounts3 管制经济controlled economy3 惯常包装usual packing4 惯例established practice3 惯性增长率 inertial growth rate3 光票clean bill5 广告牌；招贴板billboard5 广告业advertising5 广告印刷传单leaflet4 归个人支配的收入disposable personal income2 规避风险mitigate risks5 规格specifications3 规格不符different specification4 规格齐全complete in specifications4 规模经济scale economy / economies of scale4 规模经营优势advantage of economies of scale2 瑰丽多彩pretty and colorful5 国定利息fixed interest4 国防公债defense bond4 国防支出expenditure on national defense3 国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives4 国籍证书certificate of registry3 国际（商会）贸易术语解释通则International Chamber of Commerce Terms2 国际博览会international exposition; international fair5 国际储备international reserve2 国际多式联运international combined transport; international multimodal transport2 国际公法international public law3 国际货币基金international monetary fund（the IMF）5 国际贸易international trade2 国际贸易活动international trade activity2 国际贸易纽带nexus of international trade4 国际贸易值；国贸值v alue of international trade2 国际市场international market2 国际市场价格world （International）Market price4 国际收入international trade of payments4 国际收支balance of international payments; international reven and expenditure 2 国际收支不平衡 disequilibrium of balance of payment2 国际债券international bonds4 国家补贴public subsidies2 国家定额state quota3 国家公务员national public servant3 国家经济预算nation’s economic budget4 国家垄断state monopoly4 国家收入national revenue3 国家收支national balance sheet3 国家投资拨款appropriation for state investment4 国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves5 国库state treasury4 国库券state treasury bonds5 国库收入public revenue4 国贸地区分布international trade by regions4 国贸量quantum of international trade2 国贸商品结构international trade by commodities2 国民待遇national treatment5 国民收入；国收入national income3 国民素质the populace's cultivation2 国民支出总额gross national expenditure5 国内储蓄domestic saving4 国内汇兑domestic exchange; home exchange5 国内税internal tax3 国内信用证supplementary credit; domestic credit5 国内银行domestic bank2 国生产总值 gross antional product5 国税national tax; state tax3 国外配额allocated quota3 国外支付external payment2 国外资产external assets3 国营铁路职员nation railroad man5 国债national debt; government loan5 过渡期间；中期interim2 过渡时期优惠期transitional grace period4 过渡政府interim government5 过户assigned3 过境货物监管supervision and control over transit cargo4 过境贸易；转口贸易transit trade5 海关the customs; custom house3 海关保税；海关罚款customs bond2 海关查扣customs seizure3 海关发票customs invoice2 海关罚款customs fine5 海关法customs law3 海关关长customs commissioner4 海关关封customs seal3 海关监督customs supervision4 海关人员customs officer; customs official2 海关手续customs formalities4 海关验货单particular paper for examination2 海上费用maritime charges3 海损保险单average policy3 海损理算书adjustment letter4 海外贸易overseas trade4 海洋运输ocean transport; marine transport2 海运货物保险条款ocean maritime cargo clauses4 含金量gold content2 含佣价price including commission汉语英文2 航程证明书certificate of itinerary4 航次期租time charter trip3 航空保险aviation insurance2 航空运费表the air cargo tariff4 航空运输air transport5 好主意，好点子 gimmick5 号码簿；指南directory4 合并（公司，企业等的）amalgamation; merger2 合并债务consolidated debt2 合法收入lawfully-earned income5 合格产品zero defect2 合伙经营run a business in partnership5 合伙企业；合伙（关系）partnership4 合理时间reasonable time3 合理引导消费guide rational consumption3 合同编号contract serial number3 合同到期expiration of contract2 合同的解释 interpretation of contact2 合同的续订 renewal of contract5 合同法contract law3 合同规定的保证contract guarantee3 合同规定的义务contractual liability4 合同履行contract performance3 合同期限contract period5 合同条款contract clause; contract terms5 合同条款treaty article2 合营各方paries to a joint venture3 合约价 exercise price3 合资经营企业joint ventures using Chinese and foreign investmemts5 合作者collaborator2 核实账目verifying accounts4 核算adjust accounts3 核算预算收支数字preparing the budgeted figures for revenue and expenditure 3 核账auditing accounts; examine and approve5 黑名单，禁止贸易的（货物、公司及个人）名单black list3 黑色星期一，指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子black Monday4 黑市交易black market operations4 衡量标准benchmark4 红筹股red chips5 红利bonus; dividend3 红条款信用证letter of credit with red clause3 宏观经济的 macroeconomic4 互购贸易counter purchase。

商务英语翻译英汉词汇

商务英语翻译技能等级考试英汉词汇表（以英语字母顺序排序）翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为5高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3+2A4 abandonment权力委托5 absenteeism 旷工，旷职2 absolute quota 绝对配额3 absolute value 绝对值5 absorb 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响3 absorb idle fund 吸收游资5 abstract; brief 摘要2 acceptance charge 承兑费2 acceptance in blank不记名承兑3 acceptance letter of credit 承兑信用证3 acceptance sampling抽样认可4 accepting bank; merchant bank承兑银行4 access to market进入市场（的机会）5 accident意外事故3 accident beyond control无法控制的意外事故3 accident insurance 意外事故保险4 accidental damage 意外损坏4 acmodation 设施；住宿；欠单3 accord with the popular will and sentiments 顺民意；合民情5 account 会计帐目4 account balance账户结金5 account book账本（账册、账簿）3 account executive 客户经理（常指广告公司）5 account for 解释；说明4 account number账目编号；账户2 account rendered 结欠清单5 account title账户名称5 accountancy 会计工作；会计行业5 accountant 会计5 accountant general会计长5 accounting 会计学3 accounting archives会计档案5 accounts 往来帐目2 accounts being not in order账目不清3 accounts payable应付账4 accounts receivable应收账2 accrued expenses; expenses payable; outstanding expenses 应付费用4 accumulated capital累计资本3 accumulation of capital 资本积累2 accumulative mission 累计佣金5 acquisition 收购5 action plan 行动计划2 activate the existing infrastructure assets 盘活基础设施存量资产5 active demand 畅销3 active improvement trade出口加工贸易5 active stock成交活跃的股票3 active trade balance; active balance of trade 贸易顺差5 activity业务类型3 actual cost 实际成本4 actual delivery 实际交货4 actual price时价；实际价格；实价4 actual total loss实际全损2 Ad (valorem tariff) 从价税3 additional charges; extra charges 附加费用4 additional investment 额外投资2 additional premium 附加保险费2 additional tax 追加税2 address financial risks; guard against and defuse financial risks 防X和化解金融风险2 adequate demand 充分需求4 adjust accounts核算3 adjustment letter海损理算书5 administration; implement 实施，经营，行政4 administrative budget 行政预算；管理预算2 administrative expenses行政开支；办公费4 administrative protection 行政保护5 advance charges预付费用2 advance money on a contract 预付定金4 advance sample预计货样5 advance wages预付工资4 advances on sales 预收货款4 advantage of economies of scale 规模经营优势3 adverse balance of trade贸易逆差5 advertise 公布；做广告5 advertising 广告业3 Advice Bank通知行3 advice of transfer of L/C信用证转让通知3 advocacy group 吁请团，游说团体2 after-sales service 售后服务5 against order根据订单3 against payment付款（交货）4 aged debtors 长期债务人4 agency agreement 代理协议3 agency mission代理手续费5 agenda议事日程5 agent代理人5 agent-service代理业务4 aggregate demand 总需求3 aggregate supply /demand 总供给/需求4 agree text 议定文本5 agreement 协定4 agreement of intent意向协议书5 agreement price协议价2 agreement trade policy协定贸易政策2 agricultural exhibition 农业展览会2 agricultural protectionism 农业保护主义4 air express 特快专递4 air transport航空运输3 airway bill 空运提单3 All Risks 一切险3 allocate the money for all spending 实报实销3 allocated quota国外配额3 allocation system 配额制5 allotment; appropriation拨款5 allowance 津贴5 allowance; benefit 补助金4 amalgamation; merger 合并（公司，企业等的）5 ambition 野心3 amendment of contract修改合同3 amicable settlement between two parties 当事人之间私下和解5 amortization 摊销；摊还；分期偿付5 amortize分期偿还5 amount金额4 amount deposited存款金额4 amount in words大写金额3 amount of funds available for distribution可支配资金4 amount receivable 应收入金额3 an annual rise of每年递增3 analysis for credit purpose信用分析5 annual accounts; annual report年度决算3 annual general meeting 股东年会5 annual interest 年息2 annual interest rate年利率4 annual premium年度保费4 annual reckoning年度结算5 annuitant年金受惠人5 annuity 年2 annul a contract废除合同5 anticipate期望4 anticipated expenditure预付开支2 anticipatory L/C预支信用证3 antidumping duty 反倾销税4 anti-dumping measures against 反倾销措施4 anti-fake label 防伪标志5 appeal 吸引力5 appendix附件4 applicable tariff rate 适用税率5 applicant 申请人4 applicant for the credit信用证申请人2 application for amendment of L/C修改信用证申请书3 application for letter of credit信用证申请书5 apply for a job 求职, 找工作3 appointed bank指定银行5 appointee 被任命人3 apportionment of expenses 分摊费用2 appraisal of the fixed assets and the circulating funds asset and capital verification;appraisal of properties and funds 清产核资4 appraise at the current rate变价3 appropriation for state investment国家投资拨款5 aptitude 天资，才能5 arbitrage套利3 arbitral award 仲裁裁决3 arbitral tribunal仲裁庭5 arbitration 仲裁；仲裁条款5 arrears; debt欠款4 arrival draft已到汇票3 article in great demand畅销货5 article No. 货号5 asking price索价4 assembling on provided parts 来料装配2 assembling trade来料装配贸易4 assembly line work; serial production组装线工作4 assembly-line 流水作业线；装配线5 assess 估价；评定5 asset 资产5 assigned 过户5 assignor; endorser 转让人5 assortment 花色（搭配）5 at current price按现价计算5 attachment 附录4 attract deposits; take deposits 吸收存款2 attractive design款式新颖5 auction price拍卖价格5 audit 审计4 audit procedure审计手续4 audit report查账报告2 audit standards审计标准3 auditing accounts; examine and approve 核账3 auditing body 审计机构5 auditor-general审计员5 autarchy闭关自守4 authorized capital 额定投资；法定资本；核定资本4 authorized representative 授权代表3 auto insurance 汽车保险5 automate 使某事物自动操作5 available capital 可用资产5 average 平均水准；海损3 average ine 平均收入3 average policy 海损保险单4 average profit 平均利润4 average profit rate on funds平均资金利润3 aviation insurance 航空保险2 avoid herd mentality 防止"一哄而起"B3 back order 拖欠订货；积压订货4 back pay; back salary 欠付工资4 backhander 贿赂5 backing 财务支持5 backlog 积压（工作或订货）4 bad assets 呆滞资产5 bad debt 死账（无法收回的欠款）5 bad loan 坏帐、呆帐、死帐4 bad packing包装不善5 balance差额；收支差额3 balance between cash receipts and payments 现金收支平衡3 balance between ine and expenditures收支平衡4 balance in our favor我方受益4 balance of international payments; international even and expenditure 国际收支3 balance of payments 贸易支付差额3 balance of trade; trade gap贸易差额4 balance sheet资产负债表4 balanced budget平衡预算；收支平衡的预算5 bale capacity包装容积5 bale packing打包3 bank acceptance; banker’s acceptance bill 银行承兑汇票5 bank accounting银行会计2 bank cheque account银行支票账户5 bank deposit银行存款2 bank deposit certificate银行存款凭证3 bank discount rate 银行贴现率5 bank failures银行倒闭4 bank interest银行利息4 bank money order 银行汇款单5 bank money; bank paper银行票据5 bank note 钞票3 bank of discount贴现银行3 bank post remittance银行邮汇5 bank rate银行利率3 bank remittance; banker’s bill 银行汇款4 bank statement 银行结算清单（给XX的），银行对账单5 bank stock 银行股票5 bankbook; deposit book存折4 banker’s acceptance承兑信用证4 banker’s letter of guarantee银行保证函3 banker's letter of credit银行信用证3 Banker's Letter of Guarantee 银行保证函4 banking institution金融机构5 banking; finance金融5 bar chart柱状图3 bare contract无条件契约5 bargain 讨价还价3 bargain sale大减价5 barter易货贸易5 base price 基价5 base wage; regular pay基本工资5 basic wage 基础工资2 basis of assessment 估税标准4 batch production 批量生产；成批生产3 be civic-minded 有公德心4 be fair in buying and selling买卖公平5 be in debt亏空2 be nominated 待指定5 be out of debt 不欠债3 be paid by the hour 按小时付酬4 be paid in full at the appointed time 到期全部付清5 bear 空头5 bear market 熊市4 bearer cheque 不记名支票3 bearer cheque,cheque payable to bearer 来人支票；无记名支票5 beat 胜过4 beautiful design造型优美2 beautiful in colors 色彩艳丽3 bedrock / bottom price最低价5 behave 运转2 below-the-line advertising 线下广告，尚未被付款的广告4 benchmark 衡量标准4 beneficiary 受益人5 benefit 保险金得益4 best-selling goods 畅销2 bet asset value 资本净值2 bicycle tax 自行车税2 bid firm递实盘4 bid up; raise up the price 抬价3 bid; submission of tender 投标4 bid-ask spreads买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价5 bidding递盘3 bidding invitation contract system 招标承包制4 bilateral agreement双边协定4 bilateral arrangements 双边安排5 bilateral trade 双边贸易5 bilateralism双边主义5 bill broker; underwriter证券经纪人；保险商；承保人3 bill drawn on a letter of credit 信用证汇票5 bill due; outstanding accounts 欠账4 bill of entry报税通知单；报关单2 bill of exchange, draft 汇票3 bill of landing 提货单5 bill; note票据；账单；纸币5 billboard 广告牌；招贴板5 black list 黑，禁止贸易的（货物、公司及个人）4 black market operations黑市交易3 black Monday 黑色星期一，指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子4 blank cheque空白支票4 blank form 空白格式2 blockade and embargo封锁及禁运2 Blue Chip Index 蓝筹股指数5 blue chips 蓝筹股，绩优股5 blue-collar 蓝领（工人）的3 Board of Directors 董事会2 bonded factory保税工厂3 bonded warehouse 保税仓库5 bonds; debenture; negotiable securities债券5 bonus; dividend红利；奖金2 bonuses for topping quotas超额奖金4 book balance 账面余额4 book value 账面价值，（公司或股票）净值5 book; place an order for 订购；订货5 bookkeeper簿记员5 bookkeeping簿记5 books公司帐目2 boom-and-bust cycle 经济繁荣与萧条交替循环5 border trade; frontier trade边境贸易4 borrow capital; debt capital借入资本4 borrow money 借款5 borrower借款人3 bothsides clear 银货两讫5 bottleneck瓶颈4 bottleneck restrictions 瓶颈制约5 bounce 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回5 boycott 抵制5 brainstorm 头脑风暴；献计献策；点子会议5 branch bank银行分行5 brand 品牌2 brand leader 占市场最大份额的品牌，名牌2 brand loyalty 对品牌的忠实（指消费者）3 breach of condition违反要件4 breach of contract 违反合同；违约；不履行合同3 breach of warranty违反随附条件5 break暴跌2 break even point 收支相抵点；盈亏平衡点3 breakage clause破碎险条款5 breakthrough突破2 bring new vigor and vitality into 注入新的生机与活力5 brochure小册子5 broker经纪人3 brokerage fee 经济人佣金4 brokerage firm 经济商行5 budget预算4 budget allocations 预算拨款5 budget control 预算控制4 budget deficit预算赤字4 budget in balance收支平衡的预算3 budget limitation预算限度5 budget program预算方案5 budget proposal预算提案3 budget surplus 预算盈余4 budgetary expenditure 预算开支4 budgetary requirement预算需要2 budgetary resources预算经费2 budgetary revenue 预算收入5 budgeter预算编制人4 buffer fund缓冲基金,平准基金3 buffer inventory 用于应付突发性需求的存货3 build a conservation-conscious society 建设节约型社会5 build up a reputation建立信誉5 build up a market开辟市场3 bulk capacity散装容积5 bull多头5 bull market牛市2 burglary insurance 失窃保险2 business accounting商业会计2 business accounting at different levels分级核算5 business budget企业预算4 business card 名片5 business center商业中心5 business circle 工商业界4 business connection商务关系5 business cost; cost in business企业成本5 business cycle 商业周期4 business discussion业务洽谈4 business forecasting商情预测4 business insurance 商业保险4 business intelligence商业情报5 business loan商业贷款3 business negotiation交易磋商3 business practice; mercialism 商业惯例5 business principle 经营原则4 business recession 景气衰退4 business report商务报告4 business reputation商业信誉3 business segregation, economy of scale 分业管理、规模经营5 business tax营业税3 business trend商业趋势5 business trust商业信托2 business work discussion meeting商务工作座谈会5 bust 破了产的5 buy back返销3 buyer's market 买方市场4 buying and selling stocks 股票买卖；股票交易3 buying for resale购货转销4 buying long多头买升4 buying offer买方发盘5 buying power; purchasing power 购买力3 buying rate 买入汇率5 buying requisition 购货请求5 buyout买下全部产权5 by-product 副产品C4 C&F (cost and freight)成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）2 cable reply 电复3 CAD (puter aided design)计算机辅助设计4 calculate on the base line 按原口径计算3 calculated on the basis of their 按原价计算4 calculated risk 预计风险3 clear the market把市场供货一买而光5 call on约请2 calling up of capital催缴资本4 cancel a contract撤销合同4 cancel an order取消订单4 canceled cheque已付支票3 cancellation (of insurance)退保注销5 candidate求职者，候选人5 canvass 征求意见，劝说5 capacity容积；生产额，（最大）产量2 capacity inventory 用于将来某时使用的存货4 capacity packing容量包装3 capacity to pay; purchasing power支付能力2 capital adequacy ratio资本充足率4 capital and interest;principal and interest 本利3 capital construction input; capital expenditure基本建设费用3 capital consumption基本消耗4 capital deficit资本亏空2 capital financing提供资本2 capital flight 资本外逃5 capital flows; capital movement资本流动3 capital fund投资资金；基本资金2 capital gains资本收益3 capital gains tax 资本收益税4 capital goods 资本货物；生产资料4 capital in general 一般资本5 capital inflow 资本流入5 capital market 资本市场3 capital operation资本循环2 Capital Spending Binge 资本投资狂潮4 capital stock; equity capital股本；股本资本2 capital structure资本结构2 capital transactions资本交易5 capital transfer 资本转移2 capital turnover period资本周转期5 capitalist economy 资本主义经济4 capital expenditures资本支出5 caption照片或图片下的简短说明5 capture 赢得2 card ledger 卡片分类账4 cardinal number基数2 cargo examination 验货5 cargo in bag袋装货3 cargo in bulk散装货3 cargo in bundle困装货4 cargo in case箱装货3 cargo in coil; cargo in roll 卷装货5 cargo in container 货柜货4 cargo in drum 桶装货2 cargo insurance货物保险2 cargo receipt陆运收据2 carry out a contract履行合同5 carrying over结转3 carrying stock 存积货物3 carrying value 囤积价值5 cartel卡特尔5 case study 案例分析5 cash 现金，现付款；兑现5 cash account现金账3 cash against documents凭单付现4 cash assets 现金资本5 cash book;cash journal现金出纳账5 cash control现金管理2 cash deposit保证金4 cash dividend 现金配股4 cash drains 现金外流3 cash flow; movements of funds资金流动；现金流量5 cash inflow现金收入3 cash market现金市场3 cash on delivery交货付款2 cash on hand留存现金3 cash out flows 现金流出5 cash payment现金支出；现金付款4 cash pledge押金5 cash purchase 现金买卖5 cash settlement现金结算3 cash with order随订单付现5 cashier; pay clerk 出纳员3 catalog of articles for sale 销售产品目录3 catalog price商品目录价格5 catalogue 商品目录；产品目录5 catastrophe大灾难..2 centralization of capital资本集中5 CEO (chief executive officer); managing director总经理2 certificate for export of cultural relics文物出口证明书2 certificate of date of sailing开船证明书2 certificate of departure from port 离岗证明书2 certificate of itinerary 航程证明书3 certificate of origin产地证明书4 certificate of registry国籍证书2 certificate of seaworthiness实行通知书3 certified copy 经签证的副本5 chain 连锁店3 chain of mand 控制链5 challenger 挑战者3 change the line of production 转产5 channel 商品流通的渠道4 channel discount特殊折扣3 charges paid各费付讫5 chart图表4 charter （the chartered ship租船3 cheat in work and cut down material偷工减料4 check account 查账；盘账2 check clearing 支票清算或结算4 checking account; current-account holder支票账户5 checkout 付款台5 chequebook 支票簿,支票本4 China’s Export modities Fair中国出口商品交易会2 China-US Mediation Center 中美调停中心3 Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合资经营企业2 chronic inflation长期通货膨胀3 CIC (China Insurance Clause)保险条例（中国人民保险公司）3 CIF, c.i.f. 成本保险费加运费2 CIF-cost,insurance and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）3 circular flow of economy经济循环5 circular传阅的小册子（传单等）3 circular credit / revolving L/C 循环信用证5 circulate 传阅3 circulating capital, working capital流动资本4 circulating funds流动基金2 circulation of modities商品流通4 city development surcharge 城市建设附加费5 claim 索赔4 claims expenses索赔费用4 classification of risk风险分级3 clean / simple payment单纯支付2 clean and efficient government 政府廉洁高效..3 clean bill光票3 clean payment credit全部支付信用证3 clear letter of credit无单据信用证5 clearance结关3 Clearing and Settlement Systems 清算及结算系统5 closed shop限制行业（只允许本工会会员）5 close-down停业3 closing adjustment结账整理5 closing date结账日期5 closing price 收盘2 co- insurance pany公共保险公司3 coast guard缉私人员5 cold生意清淡的；没人找上门来的5 collaborator合作者3 collateral security证券抵押品4 collect fees arbitrarily 乱收费用5 collect money集资5 collect; levy征收4 collection of duty 征收关税4 collection of duty short paid; cover deficit by state subsidies 补税2 collection system 拖收系统4 collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的4 collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判5 collective merce 集体商业4 collective discussion共同商议5 collective economy 集体经济4 collective investment集资入股2 color brilliancy色泽光润5 colorful五彩缤纷3 bat the global economic slump 抵抗全球经济衰退4 bination budget混合预算2 bined certificate联合凭证4 bined transport 联运2 mercial paper商业票据2 mercial acceptance bill商业承兑汇票4 mercial agreement商业协定2 mercial and industrial law and regulations工商法规3 mercial bank商业银行3 mercial bill商汇票5 mercial capital商业资本3 mercial L/C商业信用证2 mercial packing商业包装5 mercialise使商品化5 mission佣金3 mission brokers佣金（经济人）..3 mission insurance 佣金保险5 mitment 承诺5 modity商品3 modity exchange 商品交易所；商品交易所贸易5 modity fair商品交易会4 modity inspection bureau（CIB）商品检验局3 modity tax货物税；商品税2 mon mercantile practice 一般行业惯例5 mon stock; equities; share 普通股2 munity fund共同体基金5 pany; firm 公司2 parable price 可比价格5 pensate; indemnity; pay for; recoup 赔偿；补偿4 pensating / pensatory trade; pen 补偿贸易（或抵偿贸易；往返贸易）3 pensation trade policy抵偿贸易政策5 pensation; remuneration酬金2 petition power竞争能力5 petitor, rival对手5 petitor,rival竞争者4 plete in specifications 规格齐全4 ply with a claim满足索赔要求5 ponent机器元件、组件、部件，部分4 pound interest 复利（复息）2 prehensive economic exhibition 综合性的经济展览会3 prehensive policy 集合保险单5 puted price推算价3 concentrated marketing 集中营销策略2 concentrating funds集中资金5 concentration 集中4 concessional loan 优惠贷款4 concessional rate让价2 concessionary finance优惠性融资3 conclude a contract缔结合同4 conclude an agreement签订协议3 conclude business 成交4 conclude business after viewing samples 看样成交5 condition条件，状况3 condition of a loan借款条件3 condition subsequent 解除合同义务条件4 conditional acceptance有条件接受5 configuration; structure设备的结构、组合5 confirmation确认书3 confirmation of sales销售确认书4 confirmed L/ C保证信用证3 confirmed letter of credit保兑信用证..3 confirming bank保兑银行2 confiscation of contraband对违禁品的没收5 conflict 冲突2 Conform to WTO Spirits and Agreements遵循WTO精神和条款5 conglomerate 综合商社，多元化集团公司；联合大企业3 consciousness of risk prevention 风险意识3 consequential damages间接损失3 conservation-minded society;resource-conserving society资源节约型社会5 consignee 收货人5 consignment寄售3 consignment trade 委托交易5 consignor; principal委托人；托运人5 consolidate 帐目合并2 consolidated debt 合并债务5 consortium财团2 constant cost不变成本；固定成本3 constant return 固定收益4 constructive total loss 推定全损5 consultant 咨询人员；顾问5 consumables 消耗品2 consumer confidence消费者信心3 consumer durables 耐用消费品（如：洗衣机）2 consumer goods 消费品，生活资料3 consumer price index 物价指数3 container freight station集装箱货运站4 container transport集装箱运输3 continental bridge; land bridge大陆桥4 continental shelf大陆架5 contingency意外事件2 contingency fund 意外开支,准备金3 contingent expenses; contingencies或有费用2 continue with the past and open up the future 继往开来2 continuing account结转账户5 continuum 连续时间4 contract a foreign loan借外债4 contract by deed法定契约5 contract clause; contract terms合同条款5 contract for goods 订货合同4 contract for labor and materials 包工包料3 contract guarantee 合同规定的保证3 contract implementation契约执行5 contract law合同法4 contract performance 合同履行3 contract period合同期限3 contract serial number 合同编号..5 contract; indenture契约；合同3 contracted price共同价3 contracting party缔约方2 contracting work承包工程4 contraction of money in circulation通货收缩5 contractor 承办商3 contractual liability合同规定的义务4 contribution of funds 资金捐献3 controlled economy 管制经济2 controller of accounts 会计主任2 controller of the currency 货币总监3 controlling account总账3 controlling pany控股公司；总公司3 conventional export packing 通常出口包装5 conventional trade 协定贸易3 conventional vessel普通货船5 convertibility可兑换性3 convertible currency可兑黄金的货币3 coordinated universal time 世界协调时间5 copper coins铜币5 copy副本2 core time 弹性工作制的必须上班时间4 corner the market 垄断市场3 corporation tax法人税；公司税5 cost成本4 cost accounting成本会计2 cost of capital 资金成本4 cost of goods manufactured产品成本3 cost of living index生活费指数5 cost of living; living expenditure 生活费用5 cost price成本价3 cost push成本推进型4 cost-effective有效益的5 costing成本计算2 cost-push inflation 成本推进式通货膨胀3 counter offer还盘4 counter purchase互购贸易4 counter sample对等样品3 counter trade对消贸易（抵偿贸易）3 counterfeit and substandard goods 假冒伪劣商品5 countersign会签3 countervailing duty 反补贴税3 cover note 保险证明书5 petition竞争3 crack down on counterfeit goods 打假..5 credentials 可以相信的证明5 credit 赊购4 credit account 赊购账4 credit agency征信机构4 credit association; credit cooperative 信用社5 credit bill信用汇票5 credit card 信用卡4 credit certificate信用证明书2 credit control 赊销管理（检查顾客及时付款的体系）5 credit expansion 信贷扩大5 credit first 信用第一4 credit funds; loan capital信贷资金3 credit insurance; fidelity insurance信用保险4 credit limit 赊销限额4 credit line信贷额度3 credit man 信用调查员3 credit market信贷市场2 credit operation信贷业务3 credit period信用期限3 credit rating 信贷的信用等级，信誉评价3 credit system信用制度4 credit term 信贷条件5 creditor; lender; loaner 债权人；贷方4 creditor’s rights债权2 creditworthiness 信贷价值，信贷信用3 cremation certificate销毁证明书5 crew list船员清单2 critical path analysis 关键途径分析法2 cross retaliation 交叉报复3 crossed cheque 划线支票3 cultural and educational exchanges 人文交流5 currency货币，流通；通货2 currency appreciation’ currency revaluation货币升值2 currency devaluation / depreciation货币贬值4 currency of payment支付货币4 currency option货币选择权（期货）2 current account 经常账户；往来账户，活期（存款）户5 current assets流动资产4 current deposit 活期存款4 current information行情3 current interest活期利息2 current investment; liquid investment 短期投资4 current liabilities流动负债；短期负债5 current money 通货3 current price prevailing price 现行价格（时价）..2 custody of money 保管货币2 custom of foreign trade对外贸易惯例2 customary packing习惯包装5 customer客户4 customer service客户服务5 customise顾客化3 customs bond 海关保税；海关罚款2 customs broker; customhouse broker 报关行3 customs missioner海关关长2 customs declaration fee报关费3 customs declaration; clearance of goods; apply to the customs 报关2 customs entry 进口报关2 customs fine海关罚款2 customs formalities海关手续2 customs frontier关境3 customs invoice海关发票5 customs law海关法4 customs officer; customs official 海关人员3 customs revenue关税收入4 customs seal海关关封2 customs seizure海关查扣3 customs supervision海关监督5 cut-price 削价（出售）的4 cut-throat残酷的4 cutting down a budget 削减预算3 CV(=curriculum vitae)履历；简历4 cycle inventory循环盘存5 cycle time循环时间D5 daily wage 计日工资；日工资2 damage caused by heating and sweating 受热受潮险4 damp-proof packing防潮包装3 dangerous mark危险标志4 date of entry记账日期5 day laborer 日工5 daybook; journal日记账（流水账）4 dead loss净亏损5 deadline最后期限5 deal营业协议，交易4 deal direct 直接交易4 deal on credit 信用交易；赊账买卖5 dealer商人5 debit记入XX的借方；借方3 debt instrument债务证券3 debt paying ability 偿债能力..5 debtor欠债人；债务人；借方2 debts provable in bankruptcy 可证明的破产债务3 decimal currency十分制货币2 declaration of trust信托声明书3 declaration policy 保险陈报书4 decoupling inventory保险性存货（以应付万一）5 deduct扣除5 deductible costs减除成本5 deductible 绝对免配额4 deed of trust信托契约5 default 违约，未履行5 defect缺陷5 defective有缺点的3 defective goods有瑕疵的货物3 defective packing有瑕疵的包装5 defendant被诉方4 defense bond国防公债5 defer推迟3 deferred ine延迟收入3 deferred payment L/C; usance L/C远期信用证4 deferred payments延期支付2 deficiency payment system增补亏空支付制2 deficit in revenue 收入不足3 deficit on the books账面赤字2 deficit spending赤字开支5 deficit; in the red 赤字5 deflation 通货紧缩4 deft design 设计精巧3 delicate colors 色泽素雅3 deliver goods发货5 delivery交货5 delivery boy 送报员2 delivery cycle 交货周期3 demand certificate 活期存单4 demand deposit即期存款；活期存款4 demand draft 即期汇票2 demand management需求规化5 demand over supply供不应求3 demand payment of a debt要账4 demand-pull inflation 需求拉动式通货膨胀4 demonstration, manifestation示威3 demurrage (money, charge, fee)滞期费4 departure permit; exit permit出境许可证2 dependable performance性能可靠2 dependency allowance抚养津贴..5 deposit 押金；预付（定金）；储蓄4 deposit at call 即期存款4 deposit rate存款利率3 deposit receipt; deposit certificate; CD（certificate of deposit) 存款单；存款收据5 depositor存单5 depot仓库5 depreciation 贬值；折旧2 depreciation at market price按市价折旧5 depression萧条5 deputy 副职5 description 说明3 description of modity 商品名称摘要3 descriptive catalog说明书；商品详细目录3 descriptive labeling商品简介标签5 detailed list清单2 detention beyond the legally prescribed time limit 超期羁押4 detention of vessel 船只扣留；海关扣留5 devaluation法定贬值5 developing 发展中的5 development 研究与开发4 die cut pack开窗包装3 different specification 规格不符3 different type式样不符5 differentiation 区分，鉴别4 direct barter直接易货5 direct cost 直接成本4 direct investment 直接投资5 direct mail直接3 direct quotation直接标价5 direct trade直接贸易4 direct transaction in business 直接通用2 direct transit trade 直接过境贸易5 directory簿；指南5 discount贴现；折扣4 discount granted 给予折扣5 discount rate 贴现率2 discrepancy and claim clause 异议、索赔条款2 disequilibrium of balance of payment 国际收支不平衡4 dishonor (a cheque) 拒付5 dismissal打发走5 dispatch 调遣2 dispatch money速遣费4 disposable personal ine归个人支配的收入5 dispose处理（事务）..5 dispose of 清除；去掉5 disputes争议5 distribution分发，分送产品2 diversified economy多种经营5 diversify从事多种经营5 divest剥夺5 dividend股息5 division; section部门3 document against payment (DP)付款交单3 document against payment-sight 即期付款单3 documentary bill 跟单汇票3 documentary letter of credit跟单信用证2 documents against acceptance承兑交单5 dog滞销品5 doldrums 景气停滞5 domestic bank 国内银行4 domestic currency, local currency本国货币4 domestic exchange; home exchange国内汇兑5 domestic saving国内储蓄3 double- digit inflation 双位数通货膨胀2 double insurance双保险4 double-entry复式簿记3 down-market低档商品市场5 downtime设备闲置期3 DP(=data processing) 计算机数据处理3 draft a contract起草合同2 draw a percentage from a sum of money 提成2 draw money from a bank 取出存款5 drawback; refund退款5 drawer 开票人5 drive积极性，能动性3 drug in the market 呆滞商品3 DSB (dispute settlement body) 争端解决机制3 dual purpose exports 军民两用品出口5 dull盘整3 dummy account; false account假账5 dumping商品倾销5 dumping price 倾销价4 duplicate law enforcement多头执法5 duplicate sample复样4 durable in use 经久耐用4 duty allowance职务津贴2 duty memo上税单；税单2 duty partially remitted; duty remitted 特准减税2 duty to be paid at port of import口岸纳税..2 duty-free importation 免税进口5 dynamic有活力的E4 earn a profit获得利润5 earned ine; labor ine 劳动收入；劳动所得4 earnest money 定金5 earnings; profit盈利2 East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈2 easy and simple to handle 操作简便5 easy to use 使用方便5 economic balance经济平衡4 economic channels经济渠道4 economic depression经济衰退5 economic exhibition经济展览会2 economic fluctuation 经济波动4 economic management system经济管理体制5 economic policy经济政策5 economic recovery经济复原4 economic sanction 经济制裁4 economic situation 经济形势5 economic stability 经济稳定3 economic stimulus经济刺激3 economic take-off经济腾飞5 economic trend经济趋势3 education for all-round development素质教育5 efficiency效率4 efficiency of capital资本效率3 efficiency wage效率工资4 Efficient Allocation of Resources资源有效配置3 eight do's and eight don'ts八个坚持、八个反对2 elegant shape 式样优雅3 elimination of rural pulsory education charge取消农村义务教育收费3 elimination of tariffs取消关税5 embargo限额出口3 embezzlement of public funds defalcation挪用公款2 emerging markets新兴市场3 EMP (European Main Port) 欧洲主要港口4 employed person 从业人员3 enclose a check in settlement of 附寄一X支票已清偿5 endorsement 背书4 endowment insurance 养老保险3 end-product制成品3 end-user直接用户；最终用户2 enjoy high reputation at home and abroad誉满中外5 enquiry; inquiry询盘（询价）..。

International business 国际商务口译词汇准备

customs area 关税区sovereign state 主权国parent company 母公司primary commodities 初级产品per capita income 人均收入consignment contract 寄售合同documentary collection 跟单托收CFR （Cost and Freight）成本加运费economic of scale经济规模generic term 术语总称transshipment 转船cost economies 节约成本the maturity of the draft 汇票到期handmaiden 起辅助作用的事物subrogation 取代tariff quota 关税配额gold standard 金本位制tax holiday 免税期equity investment 股权投资institutional strength 行政力量Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议trade fairs 商品交易会creditworthiness 信誉sight credit 即期信用证insurance policy 保险单shareholder 股东standing committee 常务委员会escape clause豁免条款discount rate 贴现率tariff rate关税率document against payment 付款交单binding obligations 约束性责任correspondent bank 关系行，往来行natural resources 自然资源redeem 赎回qualifications 资格in a broad sense从广义上讲cross-border contract 跨国界合同invisible trade 无形贸易doctrine 信条Value chain 价值链per-unit 每一单位farm produce农产品EDI （Electronic Data Interchange）电子数据交换clearing system 清算系统portfolio 证券executive body 执行机构Clean credit 光票信用证open account 记账交易business line 业务范围汉译英绝对利益 absolute advantage大路货 staple goods共同市场 common market遵守 in compliance with东道国 host country关税表 tariff schedule承兑交单documents against acceptance租赁贸易 leasing trade可转让装运单据negotiable transport document 还盘 counter-offer运输标记 shipping marks主要银行 leading bank潜在损失 potential loss保证金 margin资金周转 capital turnover客户流动 customer mobility二级资本市场secondary capital market充分就业 full employment特别提款权 special drawing right 私营经济 private sector价格条款 price terms索赔 claim贴现率 discount rate实盘 firm offer复合税 compound duties分批装运 partial shipment交货费用forwarding charges产品自然领域natural product provinces空运提单 airway bill客户流动 customer mobility竞争性贬值competitive devaluation 存货 inventory结关 customs clearance无汇票信用证 non-draft credit共同款项 pool机构 organ国际货币体系international monetary system裁决 verdict货物原产地港口 port of origin合资企业 joint venture询盘 enquiry远期信用证usance credit借款权 borrowing power挂牌证券交易市场 listed market无差别待遇原则 non-discrimination principle合同正文contract proper提货 take delivery of白手起家 start from scratch保兑行 confirming bank 领事发票 consular invoiceTerms Explanation1、trade barriers : Trade barriers refer to various forms of bars to freedom, esp. of international trade.2、purchasing power: the considerable desire to make purchase for consumption.3、World company: World Company is the fourth type of MNEs. The national identities of this type of MNEs are blurred to a large extent. Very few companies, if any, have reached this level of internationalization. But they will be great movers of economic globalization.4、invisible trade Invisible trade involves the exchange of servicesbetween countries.5、GDP: Gross Domestic Product6、counter trade: Counter trade is the generic term to describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a seller’s exports to imports from the buyer, and it is often associated with policy objectives of relevant economies like dealing with foreign exchange shortages and promotion of exports.7、foreign majeure : Something which happens out of the control of the parties who have signed a contract (such as strike, war, storm)8、 customs union: a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations .9、cargo insurance : an activity which aims at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.10、CIF：Cost，Insurance and Freight .11、bill of lading: list giving details of a ship’s cargo.12、insurer：the person or company undertaking to make payment in case of loss, etc.13、revolving credit : the credit whose amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made .14、productivity: efficiency, especially in industry，measured by comparing the amount produced with the time taken or the resources used to produce it .15、L/C : Letter of credit.16、VAT：value added tax.17、Inflation：rise in pricesbrought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.18、preferential customs tariffs: tariffs that imposes lower rates of duty on goods imported from some countries.19、financial resources：wealth，money which a person, country, company, etc. has or can use 20、customer mobility：Customer mobility refers to the fact that an important client of a company engages in FDI and starts a factory in a foreign market, and then the firm, either a parts supplier or service provider, may very likely follow its client and make FDI overseas so as not to lose the business to its competitors.21、standard of living: a level of material comfort as measured by the goods ,services, and luxuries available, a group, or a nation 22、certificate of deposit ：a certificate from a bank stating that the named party has a specified sum on deposit, usually for a given period of time at a fixed rate of interest23、banknotes circulation: movements of the printed paper money issued by a bank, usu. the country’s central bank24、economic globalization ：Economic globalization refers to the free flow of commodity, capital, technology, service and information in the global context for optimized allocation.25、FOB：Free On Board26、buyback: an agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of theoutput produced by these goods as full or partial payment.27、clean draft：clean draft is the draft without any documents28、middleman :businessman who buys from the manufacturer and sells to the public29、intermediate products: semi-manufactures, the products that are situated or coming between raw materials and finished products30、FCA：Free Carrier31、applicant：a person who make a request, esp. officially and in writing, for something such as a job, an L/C, etc .32、direction quote: an amount of foreign currency, usu. one unit or one hundred units is taken as the standard and the equivalent amount of home currency is marked after it . 33、idle funds：money held in the form of cash or held in idle balances34、contribution: Contribution holds that a person cannot be allowed to insure twice for the same risk, and claim compensation from both insurers.35、JIT：Just In Time36、GSP：The Generalized System of Preferences37、settlement: the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc .38、drawer：the person who draws the draft, usually the exporter39、pool：a combination of funds formed for common advantage40、tax holiday：Tax holiday refers to a period of time during which tax is not levied.41、management contract: Under a management contract, one companyoffers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.42、absolute advantage ：The theory of absolute advantage holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources(capital, land , and labor).43、documentary collection: In documentary collection, the exporter sends the draf and the shipping documents representing title to the goods to his bank, which forwards them to another bank in the importer’s country, which in turn contacts the customer.44、FDI：foreign direct investment45、known premium：the amount of money which the insured pay to the insurance company for their goods or other things46、discount：amount of money that may be taken off the full amount 47、claim：a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy 48、consignee: the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped49、jobber：dealer in stock exchange securities50、D/A：documents against acceptanceTranslation!1、比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。

国际商务必备-经济学中英文词汇及释义

Economist绝对优势（Absolute advantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。

2、逆向选择（Adverse choice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。

3、选择成本（Alternative cost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。

4、需求的弧弹性（Arc elasticity of demand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）5、非对称的信息（Asymmetric information）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。

例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。

6、平均成本（Average cost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。

也称为平均总成本。

7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。

8、平均产品（Average product）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。

9、平均可变成本（Average variable cost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。

10、投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。

对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。

11、债券收益(Bond yield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。

12、收支平衡图（Break－even chart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。

收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。

13、预算线(Budget line）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。

全球商务专业词汇(中英文对照)

1.全球化的商务活动国际商务:(international business)跨国企业:(multinational enterprise)对外直接投资:(foreign direct investment)全球商务:(global business)新兴经济体:(emerging economies)新兴市场:(emerging markets)国内生产总值:(gross domestic product)购买力评价法:(purchasing power parity)三大经济体:(triad)金字塔底层: (base of the pyramid)反向创新: (reverse innovation)外派经理: (expatriate manager)跨国补贴: (international premium)外商劣势: (liability of foreignness)全球化: (globalization)风险管理: (risk management)情景规划:(scenario planning)半全球化: (semiglobalization)非政府组织: (nongovernment qrganization) 2.理解政治、法律和经济制度:(institutions)制度转型: (institutional transitions)制度基础观:(institution-based view)制度框架:(institutional framework)正式的制度:(formal institutions)规章支柱:(regulatory pillar)非正式制度:(informal institutions)规范支柱:(normative pillar)认知支柱:(cognitive pillar)交易成本:(transaction costs)机会主义:(opportunism)有限理性:(bounded rationality)政治体制:(political system)民主制:(democracy)集权制:(totalitarianism)政治风险:(political risk)法律体系:(legal system)大陆法:(civil law)普通法:(common law)神权法:(theocratic law)智力资产:(intellectual property)知识产权:(intellectual property rights)国有企业:(state-owned enterprise)道德风险:(moral hazard)专利:(patent)版权:(copyright)商标:(trademark)盗版:(priracy)经济体制:(economic system)市场经济体制:(market economy)计划经济体制:(command economy)混合经济体制:(mixed economy)主权财富基金:(sovereign wealth fund)3.重视文化、道德和规范民族中心主义:(ethnocentrism)社会结构:(social structure)社会分层:(social stratification)社会流动性:(social mobility)低语境文化:(low-context culture)权利距离:(power distance)个人主义:(individualism)集体主义:(collectivism)文明:(civilization)族群:(cluster)男性特征:(masculinity)女性特征:(femininity)不确定性规避:(uncertainty avoidance)长期导向:(long-term orientation)道德:(ethics)行为准则:(code of conduct)道德相对主义:(ethical relativism)道德帝国主义:(ethical imperialism)腐败:(corruption)文化智慧:(cultural intelligence)《反海外腐败法》:(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act) 4.在全球利用能力资源基础观:(resource-based view)SWOT分析:(SWOT analysis)资源:(resources)能力:(capability)价值链:(value chain)基准分析法:(benchmarking)商品化:(commoditization)外包:(outsourcing)离岸经营:(offshoring)近岸经营:(onshoring)圈养资源:(captive sourcing)因果模糊:(causal ambiguity)辅助资产:(complementary assets)社会复杂性:(social complementary)VRIO框架:(VRIO framework)有形的资源与能力:(tangible resources and capabilities)无形的资源与能力:(intangible resources and capabilities)原始设备制造商:(original equipment manufacturer)原始设计制造商:(original design manufacturer)原始品牌制造商:(original brand manufacturer)5.国际贸易贸易逆差:(trade deficit)贸易顺差:(trade surplus)贸易平衡:(balance of trade)古典贸易理论:(classical trade theories)现代贸易理论:(modern trade theories)重商贸易理论:(theory of mercantilism)保护主义:(protectionism)自由贸易:(free trade)绝对优势理论:(theory of absolute advantage)比较优势:(comparative advantage)绝对优势:(absolute advantage)机会成本:(opportunity cost)要素禀赋:(factor endowments)要素禀赋理论:(factor endowments theory)先动者优势:(first-mover advantage)钻石理论:(diamond theory)资源可流动性:(resource mobility)关税壁垒:(tariff barrier)进口关税:(import tariff)净损失成本:(dead-weight costs)非关税壁垒:(nontariff barrier)补贴:(subsidies)进口配额:(import quota)自愿出口限制:(voluntary export restraint)当地含量要求:(local content requirement)行政管理政策:(administrative policy)反倾销税:(antidumping duty)幼稚产业观点:(infant industry argument)贸易禁令:(trade embargo)国家产业竞争优势理论:(theory of national competitive advantage of industries)战略性贸易理论:(strategic trade theory)产品生命周期理论:(product life cycle theory)战略性贸易政策:(strategic trade policy)6.对外直接投资对外证券投资:(foreign portfolio investment)管理控制权:(management control rights)欧力优势:(OLI advantages)所有权:(ownership)区位:(location)内部化:(internalization)扩散风险:(dissemination risks)积聚效应:(agglomeration)知识溢出:(knowledge spillover)市场失败:(market failure)激进观点:(radical view on FDI)市场的不完善:(market imperfection)自由市场观点:(free market view on FDI)实用民族主义:(pragmatic nationalism)技术溢出:(technology spillover)示范效用:(demonstration effect)议价能力:(bargaining power)沉没成本:(sunk cost)议价能力衰减:(obsolescing bargain)感染和模仿效应:(contagion or imitation effect)水平对外直接投资:(horizontal FDI)垂直对外直接投资:(vertical FDI)上游垂直对外直接投资:(upstream vertical FDI)下游垂直对外直接投资:(downstream vertical FDI)对外直接投资流量:(FDI flow)对外直接投资存量:(FDI stock)7.外汇交易外汇汇率:(foreign exchange rate)升值:(appreciation)贬值:(depreciation)国际收支平衡:(balance of payments)浮动汇率制:(floating exchange rate policy)自由浮动:(clean float)有管理的浮动:(dirty float)目标汇率:(target exchange rates)爬行带:(crawling bands)固定汇率制:(fixed exchange rate policy)盯住:(peg)顺风车效应:(bandwagon effect)资本外逃:(capital flight)金本位制:(gold standard)兑换中介:(common denominator)配额:(quota)外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)即期交易:(spot transaction)远期交易:(foreign transaction)货币套期保值:(currency hedging)远期贴水:(forward discount)远期升水:(forward premium)货币互换:(currency swap)最低报价:(offer rate)买入价:(bid rate)价差:(spread)外汇风险:(currency risk)战略性对冲:(strategic headging)货币局制度:(currency board)布雷顿森林体系:(Bretton Woods System)国际货币基金组织:(International Monetary Fund)8.全球与区域一体化多边贸易体制:(multilateral trading system)非歧视性:(non-discrimination)自由贸易区:(free trade area)关税同盟:(customs union)共同市场:(common market)经济联盟:(economic union)货币联盟:(monetary union)政治联盟:(political union)区域经济一体化:(regional economic integration)全球经济一体化:(global economic integration) 9.进入外国市场区位优势:(location-specific advantages)文化距离:(cultural distance)制度差异:(institutional distance)先动者优势:(first-mover advantages)后动者优势:(late-mover advantages)进入规模:(scale of entry)进入模式:(mode of entry)非股权模式:(non-equity mode)股权模式:(equity mode)交钥匙工程:(turn key project)研发合同:(R&D contract)联合营销:(co-marketing)合资企业:(joint venture)全资子公司:(wholly owned subsidiary)绿地运营:(greenfield operation)10.创业型企业中小型企业:(small and medium-sized)创业:(entrepreneurship)创业者:(entrepreneurs)国际创业:(international entrepreneurship)风险投资者:(venture capitalist)小额信贷:(microfinance)天生国际企业:(born global)直接出口:(direct export)信用证:(letter of credit)许可证:(licensing)特许经营:(franchising)间接出口:(indirect export)出口中介:(export intermediary)连续创业者:(serial entrepreneur)阶段模型:(stage model)11.联盟与收购战略联盟:(strategic alliances)契约性联盟:(contractual alliances)基于股权联盟:(equity-based alliances)战略性投资:(stragic investment)交叉持股:(cross-shareholding)收购:(acquisition)合并:(merger)尽职调查:(due diligence)实物期权:(real option)学习竞赛:(learning race)关系能力:(relational capability)收购溢价:(acquisition premium)战略匹配:(strategic fit)组织匹配:(organizational fit)干中学:(learning by doing)过度自信:(hubris)管理动机:(managerial motives) 12.管理动态竞争动态竞争:(competitive dynamics)竞争者分析:(competitor analysis)合谋:(collusion)隐性合谋:(tacit collusion)显性合谋:(explicit collusion)反托拉斯法:(anti-trust law)囚徒困境:(prisoners’ dilemma)博弈论:(game theory)集中度:(concentration ratio)价格领袖:(price leader)惩罚能力:(capacity to punish)市场共通性:(market commonality)多市场竞争:(multimarket competition)相互容忍:(mutual for bearance)跨市场报复:(cross-market retaliation)竞争政策:(competition policy)串通定价:(collusive prise setting)掠夺性定价:(predatory pricing)倾销:(dumping)反倾销法:(antidumping law)资源相似性:(resource similarity)攻击:(attack)反击:(counterattack)蓝海战略:(blue ocean strategy)防御者:(defender)扩展者:(extender)躲避者:(dodger)竞争者:(contender)13.战略与结构地区调适:(local responsiveness)母国复制战略:(home replication strategy)当地化战略:(localization strategy)卓越中心:(centres of excellence)全球托管:(world wide mandate)跨国战略:(transnational division strategy)国际部结构:(international division)地理区域结构:(geographic area structure)全球矩阵结构:(global matrix)组织文化:(organizational culture)知识管理:(knowledge management)显性知识:(explicit knowledge)隐性知识:(tacit knowledge)开放式创新:(open innovation)全球虚拟团队:(global virtual team)吸收能力:(absorptive capacity)社会资本:(social capital)子公司主导:(subsidiary initiative)全球客户结构:(global account structure)整合-响应模型:(integration-responsiveness framework)全球标准化战略:(global standar dization strategy)国家或区域经理:(country manager)全球产品部结构:(global product division structure)微观-宏观联系:(mocro-macro link)基于解决方案的结构:(solutions-based structure)14.公司治理融资:(financing)公司治理:(corporate governance)股权:(equity)股东:(shareholder)债务:(debt)债券:(bond)债券持有人:(bond-holder)违约:(default)资本成本:(cost of capital)跨境上市:(cross-listing)集中的所有权及控制权:(concentrated ownership and control)所有权分散:(diffused ownership)所有权和控制权相分离:(separation of ownership and control)首席执行官:(chief executive officer)高管团队:(top management team)代理关系:(agency relationship)委托人:(principal)代理人:(agent)代理理论:(agency theory)委托-代理冲突:(principal-agent conflicts)代理成本:(agency costs)信息不对称:(information asymmetries)委托-委托冲突:(principal-principal conflicts)剥削:(expropriation)挖墙脚:(tunneling)关联交易:(related transaction)内部董事:(inside director)外部董事:(outside director)CEO兼任:(CEOduality)基于话语的机制:(voice-based mechanisms)基于退出的机制:(exit-based mechanisms)私募股权:(private equity)杠杆收购:(leveraged buyout)股东型资本主义:(shareholder capitalism)管理人力资本:(managerial human capital)管家理论:(steward ship theory)15.公司社会责任公司社会责任:(corporate social responsibility)利益相关者:(stakeholder)三重底线:(triple bottom line)反应性战略:(reactive strategy)防御性战略:(defensive strategy)适应性战略:(accommodative strategy)行为准则:(codes of conduct)前瞻性战略:(proactive strategy)全球可持续发展:(global sustainability)首要利益相关者群体:(primary stakeholder groups)次要利益相关者群体:(secondary stakeholder groups)。

国际商务-按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表教学内容

国际商务-按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表《国际商务》课程中英文词汇对照表按字母顺序排列AAbsolute advantages 绝对优势Acceptable 可接受的Accountability 有责任；可说明性Ad valorem tariff 从价税率Administrative trade policies 管理贸易政策Adverse effect 反作用Agent 中介，代理商Agriculture 农业Ambiguity 歧义Andean Pact 安第斯条约Antidumping policies 反倾销政策APEC 亚太经合组织Aquiring & Merging 并购Asset 资产Assistance 援助Association 联系Attractive 有吸引力的Autonomy 自治权Availability 可利用性BBalance-of-payment accounts 收支平衡Balance-of-trade equilibrium 贸易均衡Bandwagon effect 从众效应Banking crisis 银行业危机Barrier 壁垒Barter 交易Benefit 好处，利益Bill of exchange 汇票Bill of lading 提单Buddhism 佛教Business ethics 商业道德Buyback 返销，回购CCAFTA 中美洲自由贸易区CAM 计算机辅助制造Capital flight 资本外逃CARICOM 加勒比共同体Caste system 种性制度Caveat 警告，附加说明Centralization 集中，中央集权化Channel length 渠道长度Channel quality 渠道质量Class consciousness 阶级意识Class system 等级制度Clear Vision 目的明确Code of ethics 职业道德，道德准则Collapse 崩溃，贬值Collect 收集，搜集Collectivism 集体主义Common market 共同市场Communist 共产主义者Comparative advantage 比较优势Compensation 补偿Competitive advantage 竞争力优势Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计Concentration 集中，重视Confucian dynamism 儒家动力Confucianism 儒学Consumer 消费者Control system 操纵系统Core competence 核心能力Corporation 公司Correlation 相互的关系Counterpurchase 互购Countertrade 对消贸易，反向贸易Countertrade 反向贸易Countervailing duties 补偿义务Court of Justice 法庭Cross-cultural literacy 跨国文化的认识Cultural Barrier 文化障碍Currency board. 货币委员会Currency crisis 货币危机Currency speculation 货币投机Currency swap 互惠外汇信贷Current account 经常账户DDecentralization 分散，地方分权Demand 需求Democracy 民主政体Deregulation 违反规定，反常Dilemma 困境Diminishing returns 收益递减Dirty float. 不纯浮动，干预浮动Discipline 训练；自我控制Disclosure requirements 资料公开的要求Dispose 舍弃，处置Distribution Channel 分配渠道Domestic 国内的Drawback 缺点，障碍Dumping 倾销EEast African Community 东非共同体Eclectic paradigm 折衷范式Economic system 经济体制Economic exposure 经济暴露Economic growth 经济增长Economic of scale 规模经济Economic risk 经济危机Economic union 经济联盟Economies of scale 规模经济EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Electronic data interchange 电子数据交换Element 成分，要素Empirical 经验主义Employee 受雇者；员工Employer 雇主Encourage 鼓励Enlargement 扩大Entry mode 进入方式Establish 建立Ethical strategy 道德策略Ethical system 道德制度Ethnocentric behavior 种族行为Ethnocentrism 民族优越感Eurobonds. 欧洲债券Eurocurrency. 欧洲货币European Commission 欧委会European Parliament 欧洲议会European Union 欧盟Exchange rate 外汇汇率Exclusive distribution channel. 独家分销渠道Exclusivity 排他性Eximbank 进出口银行Expansion 扩张Expenditure 花费，消耗Experience curve. 经验曲线Export 出口Export-import bank 进出口银行Exporting 出口的External stakeholders 外部经济相关者Externally convertible 外部可兑换的FFactor endowments 要素禀赋Factors of production 生产要素Far East Index 远东指数Favorable tax status 有利的税收地位Federal Express 联邦快递公司Financial market 金融市场Firm 公司First-mover advantages 先动优势First-mover advantages 先进入者优势Fisher Effect 费希尔效应Fixed Costs 固定成本Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率Flexibility 弹性Flexible 柔韧的，有弹性的Floating exchange 浮动汇率Focus 重点，焦点Foreign bonds 外国债券Foreign Credit Insurance Association 对外信贷保险协会Foreign debt crisis 外国债务危机Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 外国直接投资Foreign exchange market 外汇市场Forward exchange rate 远期汇率Franchising. 特许Free trade 自由贸易Free trade 自由贸易Free trade area 自由贸易区Freely convertibility 自由兑换Fundamental 基本的，重要的GGeneral agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) 关贸总协定General Motors 通用汽车Global Capital Market 全球资本市场Global Equity Market 环球股本证券市场Global learning 整体学习Global matrix structure 全球矩阵结构Global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略Global web 全球性网路Globalization 全球化Globalization of production 生产全球化Gold standard 金本位Grant 授予Greenfield investment 新投资Gross fixed capital formation 固定资本形成总值HHedging Strategy 规避战略Hinduism 印度教Horizontal differentiation. 水平差异Host-Government 东道国政府IImmobile recourse 不能转移的追索权Implication 暗示，启示Import quota 进口限额Inappropriate 不恰当的Incentive 鼓励措施Incidence 发生率，影响程度Individualism 个人主义Infant industry argument 新生工业争论Information technology 信息技术Infrastructure 基础设施Inport 进口Intellectual Property 知识产权Interdependent 互相依存的Interest rate 利率Internal stakeholders 内部经济相关者Internalization theory 内部化理论International business 国际商务International division 国际部International division. 国际分工International monetary fund (IMF) 国际货币基金会International monetary system. 国际货币制度International trade 国际贸易Intervention 干涉，干预ISO900. 国际标准化组织JJIT 准时生产Joint venture 合资Just 公平的KKnowledge network 知识网LLack 缺乏，缺少Late-mover disadvantages 迟入者劣势Law of one price 一价定律Lean production 精益生产Learning effect 学习效应Legal system 法律体制Letter of Credit 信用证Licensing 许可证发放Licensing agreement 专利使用权转让协定Local content requirements 当地成分要求Location 位置Logistics 后勤，物流MMake-or-buy decisions 自制或购买决策Management 管理Manufacture 生产，制造Market economy 市场经济Market imperfections 市场缺陷Market segmentation. 市场分割Marketing mix 销售组合Mass Customization 大规模定制Maximize 最大限度地利用Mechanisms 机制Media 媒体Mercantilism 重商主义Mercosur 南方共同市场Minimum efficient scale 最低有小规模Monetary Policy Autonomy 货币政策自主性Moral courage 道义勇气Multinational enterprise (MNE) 跨国公司Multipoint competition 多点竞争NNAFTA 北美自由贸易区Naive 幼稚的New trade theory 新贸易理论Noise 噪音Nonconvertible 非转化型的Nonverbal communication 非语言交流OOffset 抵消，补偿Offshore production 境外生产Oligopoly 供不应求的市场情况Optimal currency area 最适当的货币区Organization culture 组织文化Organizational architecture 组织框架Organizational structure 组织结构Output 产量PPartner 伙伴，合伙人Pattern 模式Pegged exchange rate 盯住汇率Performance 执行；表现Philosophical 哲学的Pioneering costs. 开创成本Political economy 政治经济学Political Ideology 政治意识形态Political system 政治体制Politician 政客Power distance 权利差距Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性Process 进程Production possibility frontier 生产可能边界Profit 利润，收益Profit growth 利润增长Profitability 获益（情况），收益性Promotion 促销；晋升Property rights 产权Portfolio Diversification 组合投资多元化Pull strategy 前拉战略Purchasing power parity 购买力平价Pursue 追求，进行Push strategy 后推战略RRegional economic integration 区域经济一体化Regulatory interference 监管，干预Representative 典型的；代议制的Restrict 限制Retail 零售Retaliation 报复Rights theories 权力理论Right-wing 右翼的Role 作用；角色Root 根源SScheme 图解Seattle 西雅图Sight draft 即期汇票Six sigma 六西格玛Smoot-Hawley Act 史慕特郝雷关税法案Social mobility 社会流动性Social responsibility 社会责任Social strata 社会阶层Sophistication 混合Source effects. 来源效应Sovereignty 主权Specialized 专业化的Specific tariff 从量关税Speculation 推断；投机活动Spot exchange rate 即期汇率Stock of foreign direct investment 外国直接投资总额Stockholder 股东Strategic alliances 战略联盟Strategic commitments 战略承诺Strategy pricing 定价战略Strategy. 策略Structure 框架，结构Subsidy 补贴，津贴Supply chain 供应链Switch trading 转手贸易TTariff 关税Taste 口味，爱好Telecommunication 通讯Terrorism 恐怖主义The cost of capital 资本成本The Investment Boom 投资风暴The Product Life Cycle 产品生命周期Theocratic 神权的Time draft 远期汇票Timing of entry. 进入时机Total quality management. 整体品质管理Totalitarianism 极权主义Trade balance 贸易平衡Trade creation 贸易开辟Trade diversion 贸易转移Trade policy 贸易政策Traditional 传统的Transaction exposure 交易风险Translation exposure 折算风险暴露Transportation Technology 交通运输技术Tribal 部落的Turnkey project. 交钥匙工程，总包工程Type 类型UUnacceptable 不可接受的Uncertainty 不确定性Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避Universal needs 普遍需求VValue 价值Value creation 价值创造Vertical 垂直的，纵向的Volatile 不稳定的Voluntary export restraint (VER) 出口自动限制WWage gap 工资差距Watershed 分水岭，转折点Wholly owned subsidiary. 全资子公司World Bank 世界银行World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织Worldwide area structure 全球区域结构ZZero sum game 零和博弈。

国际商务英语词汇

国际商务英语词汇international business 国际商务merchandise exports 商品出口merchandise imports 商品进口visible exports 有形出口visible imports 有形进口service exports服务出口service imports服务进口figturnkey operations 统包式业务management contract 企业管理合同licensing agreement 许可证贸易协议foreign direct investment 对外直接投资controlling interest 控股权noncontrolling interest 非控股权joint venture 合资企业mixed venture 混合企业portfolio investment 有价证券投资minority ownership 少数所有权collaborative arrangement 合作协议strategic alliance 战略同盟multinational enterprise 跨国企业multinational corporation 跨国公司transnational corporation 跨国公司global company 全球公司globally integrated c~ 全球一体化公司multidomestic company 跨本国公司locally responsive c~ 本地效力公司export order 出口订单credit standing 信用状况pro-forma invoice 形式发票export quotation 出口报价time frame 时限sales contract 销售合同point of delivery 交货地点point of shipment 发货地点transfer of title 所有权的转移point of production 生产地点import license 进口许可证foreign exchange permit 外汇许可证cash in advance 预付货款letter of credit 信用证freight forwarder 货运代理行point of destination 目的地terms of sale 销售条款trade term 贸易术语marine insurance 海上保险insurance premium 保险费insurance coverage 保险范围import license 进口许可证EXW 工厂交货（…指定地）FCA 货交承运人（…指定地）FAS 船边交货（…指定装运港）FOB 装运港船上交货（…指定装运港）CFR 成本加运费（…指定目的港）CIF 成本加保险费、运费（…指定目的港）CPT 运费付至（…指定目的地）CIP 运费、保险费付至（…指定目的地）DAF 边境交货（…指定地）DES 目的港船上交货（…指定目的港）DEQ 目的港码头交货（…指定目的港）DDU 未完税交货（…指定目的地）DDP 完税后交货（…指定目的地）hidden costs 隐藏成本insurable interest 可保险利益general-average claim 共同海损索赔insurance broker 保险经纪人open policy开口保险单floating policy 浮动保险单export declaration 出口申报单commercial invoice 商业发票bill of lading 提单consular invoice 领事发票packing list 装箱单export license 出口许可证negotiable instrument 可转让票据insurance claim 保险索赔customs declaration 报关单certificate of origin 原产地证明书term of payment 付款条件bill of exchange 汇票open accounts 赊账correspondent bank 代理银行revocable letter of credit 可撤销的信用证irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销的信用证sight draft 即期汇票time draft 定期汇票date draft 定期汇票arrival draft 货到付款汇票。

商英词汇表(首字母排序)

(be) based on：以……为基础(be) capable of：能….(be) composed of：由…组成(not) increase tariffs beyond their existing level：增加的关税不超过现在的水平Aa bank is bound only by its text（银行）仅受信用证文本的约束a barter transaction实物交易a coherent approach一致方法a commission for the facility银行业务的佣金a confirmed credit 保兑信用证a confirming bank保兑银行a considerable degree 相当的程度a countervailing duty：反倾销税；反补贴税a credit instrument信用票据a declaration 证词；诉词；申述a definite undertaking 明确的承诺a drastic comparative lead遥遥领先地位a licensed pharmacy具有执照的药房a line of credit信贷额度a major breakthrough重大突破a major facet（aspect）of world trade 世界贸易的一个主要方面a marginal deposit in cash 开发信用证的保证金a meeting of the minds: 意见一致a member nation: 成员国a minor need for local establishment只需要建立很少的地域性分公司a more integrated and interdependent world economy：更加综合和相互依赖的世界经济a negotiation bank议付行a paying bank支付行a prime target主要目标a proper cause for international concern引起国际关注的正当起因a range of factors：一系列的因素a reflection of the decision-making process决策程序的反映a registered travel office 旅行社总部a return promise 回报承诺a revolving credit循环信用证（周转信用证）a rise in the volume of international trade国际贸易量增加a set of 一套a sight credit即期信用证a signed application经签名的申请函a simple receipt普通收据a special assembly：立法机构a special clause特别条款a specialized agency：个别机构a standby letter of credit备用信用证a stated total amount定期的总额a string of contracts一系列的契约a technical specification 技术规范a trust receipt 信托收据a valid acceptance 有效应约a variety of：a lot ofa willing , skilled, and inexpensive labor force一支积极肯干的，有技术的，廉价的劳动力队伍a written undertaking 书面承诺a written undertaking 书面承诺abolish quotas：废除配额Abolition：废除acceptance credit承兑信用证acceptance 承诺；应约acceptance: 应约；承诺access to 有权使用accomplish：实现accord给予account for about 80% of international trade：占…..account for 说明account for：占accountancy services会计业务accuse 指控achieve access to the local market取得进入地方市场的资格achieve economies of scale取得规模效应；因经营规模扩大而得到的经济节约achieve：实现acute严重的seriousadditions 增加（条款）adequate 充足的adjoining country 相邻的国家adjudge 判决administrative support：行政支撑adopt：采用adoption of the panel: 采纳专家意见advance payment guarantee预付款advances in data transmission procedures先进的数据传输程序advancing the notion 推进…理念advisable adj.可取的, 明智的advising fees 代理佣金affirmative 肯定的against the applicant 款项记在申请方的账上against the line of credit依据其信贷额度against 凭…Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization：建立世界贸易组织协定Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures 进口许可程序协议Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures 进口许可证协议Agreement on Preshipment Inspection 装运前检查协议Agreement on Rules of Origin 原产地规则协议Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 技术贸易壁垒协议Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 技术性贸易壁垒协议Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures(SPS)卫生与动植物检疫措施协议air carriers航空公司Air-bus：空中客车akin：类似的all parties concerned所有有关各方alleged violations：对违反…的指控allocate funds for…为….分配资金allow for 顾及；包括alternative 可选择的alternatively 可选择地alternatively作为选择aluminum：铝ambitious：有抱负的；有雄心壮志的amend or cancel修改或撤销amend：修改amendment or revocation修改或撤回amendments 修正案amount to 达到an acceptance credit承兑信用证an advance提前付款an agreement on the part of B: B方的一份协议an established industry：已有的工业an important feature：特点；特征an intoxicated person 一个醉鬼an Israeli citizen以色列公民an issuing bank发证行an unlimited liability无限责任and the like: and so onannounce：宣布answerable to the buyers complaints回应买方的投诉anticipate预计anticipatory letter of credit 提前付款信用证antidumping duty：反倾销税antidumping: 反倾销appear on one’s face 书面显示Appellate Body：上诉机构appellate decision by the Dispute Settlement Body：解决争端机构的上诉裁决appellate review：上诉审查applicant：申请者Application and Agreement for Documentary Credit申请跟单信用证协议application prodedures 应用程序apply to 应用与；实用于apply to应用于…appoint 指定approach接洽arrange withapproximately：大约arbitrarily：任意地；随意地arbitration：仲裁are aimed at 目标是are now subject to bound tariffs 服从于固定关税are regulated at both federal and state levels 受到联邦政府和各州政府的法规限制are viewed with suspicion 持怀疑态度arena舞台artificially cheaper：人为造成的便宜as a matter of course自然地as an avail 作为银行收益as negotiated and signed governments: 作为经过谈判和签署协议的各国政府as to: aboutas to: with regard toascertainable：确定的assess 估定；评定asset management资产管理associated accord 双方一致associated with…：与…有关assume no responsibility for the authenticity对真实性承担责任assume 承担assume：假设assuming 假设at a later date事后at five-year intervals 五年之后at its heart：起核心作用at the latest最迟at the request of 应…的要求AT&T: 美国电话电报公司（the U.S. telecommunication giant ）attack 攻击attain：获得attract market share争取市场份额authenticity n. 确实性, 真实性authorize 授权authorized by the offeror 由要约人授权的automatic teller machine自动取款机avail of 利用avail oneself of the benefits of the credit使自己通过信用证得利availability 利用的可能性BB/E 汇票bill of exchangeB/L提货单bill of ladingBack-to-Back and Overriding Credits背对背信用证一份背对背信用证要涉及到两张的信用证，一份信用证的收益人是出口商，但他并不是真正的供货方；第二张信用证是出口商通过自己的往来银行开给真正的供货商，并以其为收益人。

商务翻译英汉词汇

(期中-期末考试词汇)商务英语翻译英汉词汇表（以级别排序）（翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为“（五级）”；高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为（五级）加（四级）；助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为（五级）加（四级）加（三级）；翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为（五级）加（四级）加（三级）加（二级）。

一、（五级）翻译员 (1-23页)1 absenteeism 旷工，旷职2 absorb 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响3 abstract; brief 摘要4 accident意外事故5 account 会计帐目6 account book账本（账册、账簿）7 account for 解释；说明8 account title账户名称9 accountancy 会计工作；会计行业10 accountant 会计11 accountant general会计长12 accounting 会计学13 accounts 往来帐目14 acquisition 收购15 action plan 行动计划16 active demand 畅销17 active stock成交活跃的股票18 activity业务类型19 administration; implement 实施，经营，行政20 advance charges预付费用21 advance wages预付工资22 advertise 公布；做广告23 advertising 广告业24 against order根据订单25 agenda议事日程26 agent代理人27 agent-service代理业务28 agreement 协定29 agreement price协议价30 allotment; appropriation拨款31 allowance 津贴32 allowance; benefit 补助金33 ambition 野心34 amortization 摊销；摊还；分期偿付35 amortize分期偿还36 amount金额37 annual accounts; annual report年度决算38 annual interest 年息39 annuitant年金受惠人40 annuity年41 anticipate期望42 appeal 吸引力43 appendix附件44 applicant 申请人45 apply for a job 求职, 找工作46 appointee 被任命人47 aptitude 天资，才能48 arbitrage套利49 arbitration 仲裁；仲裁条款50 arrears; debt欠款51 article No. 货号52 asking price索价53 assess 估价；评定54 asset 资产55 assigned 过户56 assignor; endorser 转让人57 assortment 花色（搭配）58 at current price按现价计算59 attachment 附录60 auction price拍卖价格61 audit 审计62 auditor-general审计员63 autarchy闭关自守64 automate 使某事物自动操作65 available capital 可用资产66 average 平均水准；海损67 backing 财务支持68 backlog 积压（工作或订货）69 bad debt 死账（无法收回的欠款）70 bad loan 坏帐、呆帐、死帐71 balance差额；收支差额72 bale capacity包装容积73 bale packing打包74 bank accounting银行会计75 bank deposit银行存款76 bank failures银行倒闭77 bank money; bank paper银行票据78 bank note 钞票79 bank rate银行利率80 bank stock 银行股票81 bankbook; deposit book存折82 banking; finance金融83 bar chart柱状图84 bargain 讨价还价85 barter易货贸易86 base price 基价87 base wage; regular pay基本工资88 basic wage 基础工资89 be in debt亏空90 be out of debt 不欠债91 bear 空头92 bear market 熊市93 beat 胜过94 behave 运转95 benefit 保险金得益96 bidding递盘97 bilateral trade 双边贸易98 bilateralism双边主义99 bill broker; underwriter证券经纪人；保险商；承保人100 bill due; outstanding accounts 欠账101 bill; note票据；账单；纸币102 billboard 广告牌；招贴板103 black list 黑名单，禁止贸易的（货物、公司及个人）名单104 blue chips 蓝筹股，绩优股105 blue-collar 蓝领（工人）的106 bonds; debenture; negotiable securities债券107 bonus; dividend红利；奖金108 book; place an order for 订购；订货109 bookkeeper簿记员110 bookkeeping簿记111 books公司帐目112 border trade; frontier trade边境贸易113 borrower借款人114 bottleneck瓶颈115 bounce 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回116 boycott抵制117 brainstorm 头脑风暴；献计献策；点子会议118 branch bank银行分行119 brand 品牌120 break暴跌121 breakthrough 突破122 brochure小册子123 broker经纪人124 budget预算125 budget control 预算控制126 budget program预算方案127 budget proposal预算提案128 budgeter预算编制人129 build up a reputation建立信誉130 build up a market开辟市场131 bull多头132 bull market牛市133 business budget企业预算134 business center商业中心135 business circle 工商业界136 business cost; cost in business企业成本137 business cycle 商业周期138 business loan商业贷款139 business principle 经营原则140 business tax营业税141 business trust商业信托142 bust 破了产的143 buy back返销144 buying power; purchasing power 购买力145 buying requisition 购货请求146 buyout买下全部产权147 by-product 副产品148 call on约请149 candidate求职者，候选人150 canvass 征求意见，劝说151 capacity容积；生产额，（最大）产量152 capital flows; capital movement资本流动153 capital inflow 资本流入154 capital market 资本市场155 capital transfer 资本转移156 capitalist economy 资本主义经济157 caption照片或图片下的简短说明158 capture 赢得159 cargo in bag袋装货160 cargo in container 货柜货161 carrying over结转162 cartel卡特尔163 case study 案例分析164 cash 现金，现付款；兑现165 cash account现金账166 cash book; cash journal现金出纳账167 cash control现金管理168 cash inflow现金收入169 cash payment现金支出；现金付款170 cash purchase 现金买卖171 cash settlement现金结算172 cashier; pay clerk 出纳员173 catalogue 商品目录；产品目录174 catastrophe大灾难175 CEO (chief executive officer); managing director总经理176 chain 连锁店177 challenger 挑战者178 channel 商品流通的渠道179 chart图表180 checkout 付款台181 cheque book 支票簿,支票本182 circular 传阅的小册子（传单等）183 circulate 传阅184 claim 索赔185 clearance结关186 closed shop限制行业（只允许本工会会员）187 close-down停业188 closing date结账日期189 closing price 收盘190 cold生意清淡的；没人找上门来的191 collaborator合作者192 collect money集资193 collect; levy征收194 collective commerce 集体商业195 collective economy 集体经济196 colorful五彩缤纷197 commercial capital商业资本198 commercialize使商品化199 commission佣金200 commitment 承诺201 commodity商品202 commodity fair商品交易会203 common stock; equities; share 普通股204 company; firm 公司205 compensate; indemnity; pay for; recoup 赔偿；补偿206 compensation; remuneration酬金207 competitor, rival对手；竞争者209 component机器元件、组件、部件，部分210 computed price推算价211 concentration 集中212 condition条件，状况213 configuration; structure设备的结构、组合214 confirmation确认书215 conflict 冲突216 conglomerate 综合商社，多元化集团公司；联合大企业217 consignee 收货人218 consignment寄售219 consignor; principal委托人；托运人220 consolidate 帐目合并221 consortium财团222 consultant 咨询人员；顾问223 consumables 消耗品224 contingency意外事件225 continuum 连续时间226 contract clause; contract terms合同条款227 contract for goods 订货合同228 contract law合同法229 contract; indenture契约；合同230 contractor 承办商231 conventional trade 协定贸易232 convertibility可兑换性233 copper coins铜币234 copy副本235 cost成本236 cost of living; living expenditure 生活费用237 cost price成本价238 costing成本计算239 countersign会签240 competition竞争241 credentials 可以相信的证明242 credit 赊购243 credit bill信用汇票244 credit card 信用卡245 credit expansion 信贷扩大246 credit first 信用第一247 creditor; lender; loaner 债权人；贷方248 crew list船员清单249 currency货币，流通；通货250 current assets流动资产251 current money 通货252 customer客户253 customize顾客化254 customs law海关法255 cut-price 削价（出售）的256 cycle time循环时间257 daily wage 计日工资；日工资258 day laborer 日工259 daybook; journal日记账（流水账）260 deadline最后期限261 deal营业协议，交易262 dealer商人263 debit记入帐户的借方；借方264 debtor欠债人；债务人；借方265 deduct扣除266 deductible costs减除成本267 deductible 绝对免配额268 default 违约，未履行269 defect缺陷270 defective有缺点的271 defendant被诉方272 defer推迟273 deficit; in the red 赤字274 deflation 通货紧缩275 delivery交货276 delivery boy 送报员277 demand over supply供不应求278 deposit 押金；预付（定金）；储蓄279 depositor存单280 depot仓库281 depreciation 贬值；折旧282 depression萧条283 deputy 副职284 description 说明285 detailed list清单286 devaluation法定贬值287 developing 发展中的288 development 研究与开发289 differentiation 区分，鉴别290 direct cost 直接成本291 direct mail直接邮件292 direct trade直接贸易293 directory号码簿；指南294 discount贴现；折扣295 discount rate 贴现率296 dismissal打发走297 dispatch 调遣298 dispose处理（事务）299 dispose of 清除；去掉300 disputes争议301 distribution分发，分送产品302 diversify从事多种经营303 divest剥夺304 dividend股息305 division; section部门306 dog滞销品307 doldrums 景气停滞308 domestic bank 国内银行309 domestic saving国内储蓄310 downtime设备闲置期311 drawback; refund退款312 drawer 开票人313 drive积极性，能动性314 dull盘整315 dumping商品倾销316 dumping price 倾销价317 duplicate sample复样318 dynamic有活力的319 earned income; labor income 劳动收入；劳动所得320 earnings; profit盈利321 easy to use 使用方便322 economic balance经济平衡323 economic exhibition经济展览会324 economic policy经济政策325 economic recovery经济复原326 economic stability 经济稳定327 economic trend经济趋势328 efficiency效率329 embargo限额出口330 endorsement 背书331 enquiry; inquiry询盘（询价）332 entitle 授权333 entitlement应得的权利334 entrepreneur企业家335 entry permit境许可证336 equity股东权益337 ethnocentrism民族优越感338 exaggerate 夸张339 exceed 超过340 exchange 汇兑341 exclusion除外责任342 exclusive agency; sole agency独家代理343 exhibits展览品345 expenditure, outgoings支出；开支；花费346 expense费用347 expertise专门知识和技能348 export bill 出口汇票349 export capability出口能力350 export contract出口合同351 export control出口管制352 export credit出口信贷353 export duty出口税354 export licence 出口许口证355 export packer出口包装公司356 export subsidy 出口补贴357 export subsidy 出口津贴358 external trade; foreign trade对外贸易359 extra wage; supplementary wage 附加工资360 facilities用于生产的设备、器材361 factoring脱手保付代理；折价购买债券362 fair trade公平交易363 feedback 反馈364 file 文件集，卷宗，档案，文件365 final account; final settlement of account 决算366 final statement 决算表367 financial aid财政援助368 financial center; banking center金融中心369 financial credit财政信贷370 financial index 金融指数371 Financial Instrument金融工具372 financial; fiscal财政的373 financing提供资金；筹借资金374 fine gold; pure gold纯金375 finished goods 制成品376 fire insurance 火险377 fiscal year; financial year财政年度378 fiscality; review检查379 fixed capital; constant capital 不变资本；固定资本380 fixed income固定收入381 fixed interest国定利息382 fixed price; constant price 不变价格；固定价格383 flagship同类中最成功的商品，佼佼者384 flexible 有弹性的，灵活的385 flextime弹性工作时间制386 flier; flyer 促销传单387 flop 失败388 flow shop 车间389 fluctuate波动390 forecast; project 预测391 foreign currency外国货币392 foreign exchange 外汇393 formal contract正式合同394 framework框架395 franchise相对免赔额396 franchisee 特许经营人；授予特许经营权者397 fraud 欺骗398 free port自由贸易港399 free trade自由贸易400 freebie赠品（常指非正式的），免费促销的商品401 freelance 自由职业者（的）402 frozen capital 冻结资金403 frozen fund冻结资本404 funds资金，基金；经费405 futures 期货（贡）；期货交易406 GDP Gap缺口（指GDP）407 gearing配称（即定息债务与股份资本之间的比率）408 general agent总代理人409 general import 总进口410 general insurance 一般保险411 general trade总贸易；一般贸易412 gimmick 好主意，好点子413 go public上市；首次公开发行股票414 goal; target目标415 going rate 现行利率，现行汇率；产品的市场价格416 gold bar金条417 gold coin金币418 gold money金货币419 gold rush抢购黄金420 goodwill声誉421 gradually逐渐地422 greenmail 绿票欺诈423 grievance 申诉，抱怨424 gross margin; gross profit毛利率425 gross wages 全部收入426 gross weight毛重427 group集团（由若干公司联合而成）428 guarantee保单429 guidelines指导方针，准则430 hand in呈送431 handle经营432 hands on有直接经验的433 hard currency; hard money硬通货434 hard sell强行推销435 hard times低潮436 head主管437 headquarters总部438 heavy weather 恶劣天气439 hedge 套期保值440 hidden 隐藏的，不明显的441 hierarchy领导层；统治集团；等级制度442 hold water站得住脚443 holder持有者444 HRD人力资源发展部445 hype天花乱坠的（夸张）广告宣传446 impact 强烈影响447 income 工资或薪金收入，经营或投资的收入448 increment 定期增加449 incur 招致，承担450 index索引；指数451 indirect costs 间接成本452 induction就职453 industrial accident劳动事故454 industrial bank 实业银行455 inefficiency 低效率456 inflate 抬高（物价），使(通货等）膨胀457 inflation 通货膨胀458 infrastructure 基本建设459 innovate革新460 input投入461 insolvency 破产462 insolvent 无清偿力的463 inspection certificate 检验证书464 insurance保险465 insurance rebate保险回扣466 insurer 保险人；承保人467 interest bill利息单468 interest rate利率469 interim 过渡期间；中期470 internal tax国内税471 international reserve国际储备472 international trade 国际贸易473 interview面试474 interviewee被面试的人475 interviewer招聘者；主持面试的人476 introduction定向发行477 inventory; stock库存478 investment 投资,资产479 investment bank投资银行480 investment capital 投资资本481 investment trust投资信托482 investor投资者；客商483 invisible trade 无形贸易484 invoice发票485 IOU; bill signed in acknowledgement of debt欠条486 IOUs（I owe you); receipt for a loan 借据487 irrevocable不可撤消的，不能改变的488 issue; float 发行股票489 issuing bank 发证行490 IT （information technology信息技术491 job description 工作说明；职务说明492 job firm股票公司493 job shop专门车间494 joint 联合的495 joint venture联合经营496 junk mail直接邮寄的广告宣传（常指未经收信人要求而发送的）497 jurisdiction管辖（权）498 knockdown 价格很低的499 know-how 专门技术500 label 标签501 labor force; manpower劳动力；劳动力人数502 labor service; work contract劳务合同503 labour costs; labour input 劳力成本504 labour law 劳工法505 launch在市场推出一种新产品506 lay-off临时解雇507 layout工厂的布局508 laytime装卸时间509 leaflet广告印刷传单510 lease租借，租赁物511 l essee承租人512 lessor出租人513 leverage杠杆比率514 liability; get into debt 负债；债务515 licence (US: license) 许可证516 life cycle 寿命周期517 lighter 驳船518 line process 流水线（组装）519 liquid易转换成现款的520 liquidation清理（关闭公司）521 liquidator 清算人522 liquidity 拥有变现力523 listed 登记注册的524 listing 上市公司名录525 literature 印刷品，宣传品（指产品说明书之类等）526 litigate提出诉讼527 local bank 本地银行528 logo企业的特有标记529 long draft; time bill; usance bill; forward exchange rate远期汇率；长期汇票530 lose损531 loser失败者532 loss损失533 mailshot邮购534 management管理部门535 manager; director经理536 managerial管理人员的，管理方面的537 manifest报关单；舱单538 manning人员配备539 manufacture用机器制造540 manufacturer制造者（厂、商、公司）541 margin 保证金；利润542 market fairs集市贸易543 market price市场价，市价544 marketing packing 销售包装545 mass media大众传媒（如电视、广播、报纸等）546 material goods 物质资本547 maturity到期日,偿还日548 maximise使增至最大限度、最大化549 media新闻工具，传媒550 merchandising通过对商品的摆放与促销进行经营551 Merchandizing 商品化552 middleman中间人553 minimum profit最低利润554 mission公司的长期目标和原则555 mobility流动性，可移性556 modern design 造型新颖557 modification; revocation 发盘的修改558 monetariest货币主义者559 monetary crisis货币危机560 monetary system金融制度561 money capital 货币资本562 money income 货币收入563 money supply 货币供应564 monopoly垄断565 monopoly capital独占资本566 motivate 激发……的积极性；激励567 motivation 提供动机，积极性，动力568 motive 动机569 multilateralism多边主义570 national debt; government loan 国债571 national income 国民收入；国收入572 national tax; state tax 国税573 national treasury金库574 natural forces; act of God 自然力575 natural wages 正常工资576 negotiable 可谈判的，可转让的577 negotiate谈判578 net income 纯收益；净收入；收益净额579 net price净价580 net profit纯利润；净利581 net weight 净重582 net-export 净出口583 net-import 净进口584 network 网络585 new account新开账户586 niche专业市场中的小摊位587 normal tariff; normal rate 普通税率588 notice 辞职申请；离职通知；通知589 offer发盘590 offer to buy; subscribe 认购591 offerer 发盘人592 office girl 女记事员593 off-season 淡季的594 opening空位595 opening price; offer; initial price 开价；开盘596 operating cost 经营成本；营业成本；生产费用597 operating profits 营业利润598 opportunity 机会599 optimize优化600 option 选择权601 order sheet; indent 订单602 organigram组织图603 orient定向604 original正本605 original text原文606 outlay 经费；开销607 output产出；产量608 outsource 外购产品或由外单位制做产品609 outstanding 未付款的，应收的610 overcharge 超收611 overdraw 透支612 overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用613 overheads 杂项开支；间接成本；企业一般管理费用614 overpay 多付（款）615 overtime 加班616 overtime pay加班费617 ownership; proprietary rights 所有权618 packaging 包装；包装物619 packing cost包装成本620 packing industry包装工业621 pamphlet 宣传小册622 parent company 总公司；母公司623 parity 平价624 partnership合伙企业；合伙（关系）625 patent 专利626 pay a debt 还债627 pay according to one’s post职务工资628 pay cash; cash a cheque兑现629 payer收款人630 payment for labor 劳动报酬631 payroll 雇员名单，工资表632 peddler小贩633 penalty 罚金；罚金条款634 penetrate打入（市场）635 penetration目标市场的占有份额636 pension养老金，退休金637 performance表现工作情况638 perk额外待遇（交通、保健、保险等）639 petty cash 零用现金640 physical goods 实物641 pick 提取生产用零部件或给顾客发货642 pie chart饼形图643 pilot小规模试验644 pipeline渠道645 placing; direct selling直销646 planned costs 计划成本647 plant capacity 生产规模648 plot策划649 policy; insurance policy保险单650 poor products 劣品651 portfolio 投资组合652 position职位653 postal order; money order 邮政汇票654 potential潜在力，潜势655 power能力656 premium保险费657 premium rate 保险率费658 press 打包机器659 price价格660 price-earning ratio 价格收益比率661 prime rate 优惠贷款利率；优待利率662 probation试用期663 proceeds收益664 producer price; ex-factory price出厂价格665 product产品666 production capacity; plant capacity生产能力667 production cost生产成本668 production cycle生产周期669 profile简介形象特征670 profit 利润671 profit tax利润税672 profit through circulation 流动利润673 promote推销674 promotion 提升，升级675 prospect预期，展望676 prospectus计划书，说明书677 protectionism保护主义678 protocol议定书679 prototype 原型，样品680 proxy 委托书681 public finance 财政682 public revenue 国库收入683 publicity 引起公众注意684 publics 公众，（有共同兴趣的）一群人或社会人士685 punctuality准时686 purchase购买687 purchaser采购人688 qualification资格证明689 quality质量690 quality assurance 质量保证691 quality control 质量管理；质量控制692 questionnaire问卷；调查表693 quotation 报价694 raise增加薪金695 raising limit 涨停板696 range系列产品697 rank排名698 rapport 密切的关系；轻松愉快的气氛699 rating 评定结果700 ratio比率701 rationalise 使更合理702 rationalise使更有效703 raw原料状态的，未加工的704 raw material原材料705 RBM （Reminbi）人民币706 ready money 现钱707 ready money business, no credit given 现金交易；概不赊欠708 real capital; actual capital 实际资金709 real wages 实际工资710 real wages 实际收入711 r ebate 回扣712 receipt; voucher凭证；收据713 receiver 接管人；清算人714 receivership破产管理715 recession; decline 衰退；萧条716 reckon估算717 recognise承认718 recourse追索权719 recovery复苏720 recruitment新成员的吸收721 recycling再循环722 redemption; refund偿还723 rediscount再贴现724 reduce price减价725 reduction 减少726 redundancy裁员727 redundant被解雇的；过多的728 reference参考资料729 reference price 参考价730 region地区731 regular budget 正式预算732 regular price固定价格733 rehabilitation; reorientation; retraining 再训练, 再培训734 reimburse报销735 reinvest再投资736 reject拒绝737 release 放行738 reliable quality质量可靠739 relief救济740 relocate重新安置741 repo再购协议742 reposition重新定位(常指商品)743 reserve fund; reserves准备金744 reserve funds储备基金；储备资本745 resignation辞职746 resistance阻力，抵触情绪747 restore 恢复748 restriction 限制749 retail零售750 retail outlet零售店751 retail price 零售价752 retailer 零售商753 retirement退休754 return投资报酬755 revaluation法定升值；使货币升值；重估价756 revenue岁入，税收757 revenue tax财政税758 risk capital风险资本759 risk covered; risk insured 承保险别760 road toll公路通行税761 rocket急速上升，直线上升762 roughly粗略地763 royalty; special concession特许权，专利权税764 running day连续日765 sack, fire 解雇766 sale by auction拍卖767 sales contract 买卖合同；销售合同768 sales force 销售人员769 sample样品；抽样检验770 sampling选择771 saturate 饱和772 saturation市场的饱和（状态）773 savings存款774 savings banks 储蓄银行775 scapegoat替罪羊776 scarcity短缺777 scrap废料或废品778 seasonal work 季节工作779 seasonal worker 季节工780 securities; marketable security有价证券781 segment部分782 selling rate 卖出汇率；卖出价783 services 专业服务784 set up 创立785 share 股份786 shareholder贡持有人,股东787 shareholder股东；股票持有人788 shift 轮班789 shift work 换班工作790 shipment装船；装运791 shipper, consignor 托运人（一般指出口商）792 shopfloor 生产场所793 short loan; short-term borrowing 短期借款794 short term credit 短期信贷795 shortlist供最后选择的候选人名单796 short-term loan短期贷款797 showroom陈列室798 shut out退关799 sick leave病假800 sick note 病假工资801 sickness 生病802 sign a contract 签订合同803 signatory签约方804 silver coins银币805 simulation 模拟806 single-entry单式簿记807 sit-down strike; down tools 静坐；罢工808 skilled employee; specialized worker 熟练工人809 skilled worker 技术工人810 skimming 高额定价，撇奶油式定价811 slogan销售口号812 small economy小经济813 small items小商品814 small money零钱815 social capital社会资本816 social insurance社会保险817 social security tax 社会保险税818 social welfare 社会福利819 soft currency软通货820 software软件821 solvent 有偿付能力的822 sourcing得到供货823 spare part零部件824 special funds 专项资金825 special import 专门出口826 specification产品说明827 specifications 规格828 speculation; venture 投机829 spokesman 发言人830 sponsor 赞助者（为了商品的广告宣传）831 spot price 现货价格832 spread 差额（常指股票买价和卖价）833 staff 职员834 staff manager部门经理助理835 stag投机认股者836 Stagflation 滞胀837 stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气838 starting price 起价839 state treasury国库840 statute成文法841 statutory法定的842 steamship（SS）轮船843 stock股票844 stock company; joint-stock company 股份公司；证券公司845 stock jobber股票商人846 stock transfer股票过户847 stockbroker股票经纪人；贡经纪人848 stockholder贡持有人,股东；股票持有人849 stock-jobber贡经纪人850 storage贮藏851 strategy战略852 streamline 精简机构；提高效率853 strike pay 罢工津贴（由工会给的）854 subcontract分包（工程项目），转包；承包合同855 subject to prior sale 以未售出为准856 subordinate下级857 subsidiary子公司858 subsidiary account; ledger 分类帐；账本（账册、账簿）859 subsidy补助金；补贴；津贴860 sum of insurance; amount insured 保险金额861 superior上级862 supervisor 监督人，管理人863 surtax 附加税864 surveillance监督865 survey 调查866 synergy协作867 system analyst 系统分析员868 takeover 接管869 tanker 油轮870 tare皮重871 tariff barrier关税堡垒872 tariff; customs duty 关税873 tax 税874 tax allocation税捐分配875 tax allowance免减税；避税876 tax burden 税收负担877 tax bureau 税务局878 tax collector 收税员；税务员879 tax items税目880 tax law 税务法令881 tax policy税收政策882 tax rates; rate of taxation税率883 taxation税收；征税884 taxation system 税制885 taxes; duties税捐886 tax-free; tax exemption免税887 taxpayer 纳税人888 telesales 电话销售889 temporary export 暂时出口890 temporary import 暂时进口891 tender 投标人892 term loan分期偿还贷款893 term of loan贷款条件894 territory销售区域895 test check; sport check抽查896 the customs; custom house海关897 the European Union欧洲联盟898 throughput工厂的总产量899 time honored shop 老字号900 timework work 计时工作901 tolerance公差902 total assets 总资产903 total cost总成本904 total loss全部损失905 total revenue总收益906 total value 总值907 trade agreement贸易协议908 trade bloc贸易联盟909 trade channel贸易渠道910 trade circle 贸易界911 trade deficit贸易赤字912 trade discipline贸易纪律913 trade investment商业投资914 trade mark商标915 trade mark legislation 商标法916 trade market贸易市场917 trade year 贸易年度918 trainee 受培训者919 tramp不定期船920 transaction 交易921 transfer; assignment 转让；转账；过户922 transparency透明胶片923 transshipment 转船924 treasurer司库925 treasury deposit金库存款926 treaty article合同条款927 trial manufacture试制928 trial sale试销929 trust托拉斯930 trust business信托业务931 trust deed信托证932 trust money信托款项933 trust obligation信托合约934 trust shop; commission shop 信托商店935 truster 信托人936 turnabout经济好转937 turnover股票交易额；营业额；员工流动的比率938 underemployment 不充分就业；不发达939 understanding 约定940 undertake同意做某事；从事941 uneconomical不经济的，浪费942 unemployed person失业人员943 unemployment失业944 unilateralism 单边主义945 unit单位946 unit price单价947 up to date 流行的948 update使现代化949 upturn使向上950 USP 唯一的销售计划951 vacancy 空缺；缺额952 valuation价值953 value-added增加值954 variable 可变物955 variable capital可变资本956 variety多样化957 vendor 卖主（公司或个人）958 version 译文959 viability 可行性960 vision 设想，公司的长期目标961 vocation行业，职业962 volume体积963 voucher付款凭单964 wage freeze工资冻结965 wage; earnings 工资966 warehouse货栈967 warning mark 警告性标志968 warrant收款凭单969 welfare 福利970 well-known for its fine quality以质优而闻名971 white-collar 白领阶层972 wholesale 批发973 wholesaler 批发商974 wording措辞975 work permit工作许可证976 working capital营运资本，营运资金；周围资金977 working capital fund 周转基金978 working day 工作日979 working hours 工作时间980 workload 工作量981 write off取消982 write-off债务的取消983 written agreement 书面协定984 wrong packing 包装不符985 yield有效产量986 zero defect合格产品二、（四级）高级翻译员1 abandonment权力委托2 accepting bank; merchant bank承兑银行3 access to market进入市场（的机会）4 accidental damage 意外损坏5 accommodation 设施；住宿；欠单6 account balance账户结金7 account number账目编号；账户号码8 accounts receivable应收账9 accumulated capital累计资本10 actual delivery 实际交货11 actual price时价；实际价格；实价12 actual total loss实际全损13 additional investment 额外投资14 adjust accounts核算15 administrative budget 行政预算；管理预算16 administrative protection 行政保护17 advance sample预计货样18 advances on sales 预收货款19 advantage of economies of scale 规模经营优势20 aged debtors 长期债务人21 agency agreement 代理协议22 aggregate demand 总需求23 agree text 议定文本24 agreement of intent意向协议书25 air express 特快专递26 air transport航空运输27 amalgamation; merger 合并（公司，企业等的）28 amount deposited存款金额29 amount in words大写金额30 amount receivable 应收入金额31 annual premium年度保费32 annual reckoning年度结算33 anticipated expenditure预付开支34 anti-dumping measures against 反倾销措施35 anti-fake label 防伪标志36 applicable tariff rate 适用税率37 applicant for the credit信用证申请人38 appraise at the current rate变价39 arrival draft已到汇票40 assembling on provided parts 来料装配41 assembly line work; serial production组装线工作42 assembly-line 流水作业线；装配线43 attract deposits; take deposits 吸收存款44 audit procedure审计手续45 audit report查账报告46 authorized capital 额定投资；法定资本；核定资本47 authorized representative 授权代表48 average profit 平均利润49 average profit rate on funds平均资金利润50 back pay; back salary 欠付工资51 backhander 贿赂52 bad assets 呆滞资产53 bad packing包装不善54 balance in our favor我方受益55 balance of international payments; international revenand expenditure 国际收支56 balance sheet资产负债表57 balanced budget平衡预算；收支平衡的预算58 bank interest银行利息59 bank money order 银行汇款单60 bank statement 银行结算清单（给帐户的），银行对账单61 banker’s acceptance承兑信用证62 banker’s letter of guarantee银行保证函63 banking institution金融机构64 batch production 批量生产；成批生产65 be fair in buying and selling买卖公平66 be paid in full at the appointed time 到期全部付清67 bearer cheque 不记名支票68 beautiful design造型优美69 benchmark 衡量标准70 beneficiary受益人71 best-selling goods 畅销72 bid up; raise up the price 抬价73 bid-ask spreads买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价74 bilateral agreement双边协定75 bilateral arrangements 双边安排76 bill of entry报税通知单；报关单77 black market operations黑市交易78 blank cheque空白支票79 blank form 空白格式80 book balance 账面余额81 book value 账面价值，（公司或股票）净值82 borrow capital; debt capital借入资本83 borrow money 借款84 bottleneck restrictions 瓶颈制约85 breach of contract 违反合同；违约；不履行合同86 brokerage firm 经济商行87 budget allocations 预算拨款88 budget deficit预算赤字89 budget in balance收支平衡的预算90 budgetary expenditure 预算开支91 budgetary requirement预算需要92 buffer fund缓冲基金,平准基金93 business card 名片94 business connection商务关系95 business discussion业务洽谈96 business forecasting商情预测97 business insurance 商业保险98 business intelligence商业情报99 business recession 景气衰退100 business report商务报告101 business reputation商业信誉102 buying and selling stocks 股票买卖；股票交易103 buying long多头买升104 buying offer买方发盘105 C&F (cost and freight)成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）106 calculate on the base line 按原口径计算107 calculated risk 预计风险108 cancel a contract撤销合同109 cancel an order取消订单110 canceled cheque已付支票111 capacity packing容量包装112 capital and interest; principal and interest 本利113 capital deficit资本亏空114 capital goods 资本货物；生产资料115 capital in general 一般资本116 capital stock; equity capital股本；股本资本117 capital expenditures资本支出118 cardinal number基数119 cargo in case箱装货120 cargo in drum 桶装货121 cash assets 现金资本122 cash dividend 现金配股123 cash drains 现金外流124 cash pledge押金125 certificate of registry国籍证书126 channel discount特殊折扣127 charter （the chartered ship租船128 check account 查账；盘账129 checking account; current-account holder支票账户130 China’s Export Commodities Fair中国出口商品交易会131 circulating funds流动基金132 city development surcharge 城市建设附加费133 claims expenses索赔费用134 classification of risk风险分级135 collect fees arbitrarily 乱收费用136 collection of duty 征收关税137 collection of duty short paid; cover deficit by state subsidies 补税138 collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的139 collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判140 collective discussion共同商议141 collective investment集资入股142 combination budget混合预算143 combined transport 联运144 commercial agreement商业协定145 commodity inspection bureau（CIB）商品检验局146 compensating / compensatory trade; compen 补偿贸易（或抵偿贸易；往返贸易）147 complete in specifications 规格齐全148 comply with a claim满足索赔要求。

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《国际商务》课程中英文词汇对照表按字母顺序排列AAbsolute advantages 绝对优势Acceptable 可接受的Accountability 有责任；可说明性Ad valorem tariff 从价税率Administrative trade policies 管理贸易政策Adverse effect 反作用Agent 中介，代理商Agriculture 农业Ambiguity 歧义Andean Pact 安第斯条约Antidumping policies 反倾销政策APEC 亚太经合组织Aquiring & Merging 并购Asset 资产Assistance 援助Association 联系Attractive 有吸引力的Autonomy 自治权Availability 可利用性BBalance-of-payment accounts 收支平衡Balance-of-trade equilibrium 贸易均衡Bandwagon effect 从众效应Banking crisis 银行业危机Barrier 壁垒Barter 交易Benefit 好处，利益Bill of exchange 汇票Bill of lading 提单Buddhism 佛教Business ethics 商业道德Buyback 返销，回购CCAFTA 中美洲自由贸易区CAM 计算机辅助制造Capital flight 资本外逃CARICOM 加勒比共同体Caste system 种性制度Caveat 警告，附加说明Centralization 集中，中央集权化Channel length 渠道长度Channel quality 渠道质量Class consciousness 阶级意识Class system 等级制度Clear Vision 目的明确Code of ethics 职业道德，道德准则Collapse 崩溃，贬值Collect 收集，搜集Collectivism 集体主义Common market 共同市场Communist 共产主义者Comparative advantage 比较优势Compensation 补偿Competitive advantage 竞争力优势Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计Concentration 集中，重视Confucian dynamism 儒家动力Confucianism 儒学Consumer 消费者Control system 操纵系统Core competence 核心能力Corporation 公司Correlation 相互的关系Counterpurchase 互购Countertrade 对消贸易，反向贸易Countertrade 反向贸易Countervailing duties 补偿义务Court of Justice 法庭Cross-cultural literacy 跨国文化的认识Cultural Barrier 文化障碍Currency board. 货币委员会Currency crisis 货币危机Currency speculation 货币投机Currency swap 互惠外汇信贷Current account 经常账户DDecentralization 分散，地方分权Demand 需求Democracy 民主政体Deregulation 违反规定，反常Dilemma 困境Diminishing returns 收益递减Dirty float. 不纯浮动，干预浮动Discipline 训练；自我控制Disclosure requirements 资料公开的要求Dispose 舍弃，处置Distribution Channel 分配渠道Domestic 国内的Drawback 缺点，障碍Dumping 倾销EEast African Community 东非共同体Eclectic paradigm 折衷范式Economic system 经济体制Economic exposure 经济暴露Economic growth 经济增长Economic of scale 规模经济Economic risk 经济危机Economic union 经济联盟Economies of scale 规模经济EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Electronic data interchange 电子数据交换Element 成分，要素Empirical 经验主义Employee 受雇者；员工Employer 雇主Encourage 鼓励Enlargement 扩大Entry mode 进入方式Establish 建立Ethical strategy 道德策略Ethical system 道德制度Ethnocentric behavior 种族行为Ethnocentrism 民族优越感Eurobonds. 欧洲债券Eurocurrency. 欧洲货币European Commission 欧委会European Parliament 欧洲议会European Union 欧盟Exchange rate 外汇汇率Exclusive distribution channel. 独家分销渠道Exclusivity 排他性Eximbank 进出口银行Expansion 扩张Expenditure 花费，消耗Experience curve. 经验曲线Export 出口Export-import bank 进出口银行Exporting 出口的External stakeholders 外部经济相关者Externally convertible 外部可兑换的FFactor endowments 要素禀赋Factors of production 生产要素Far East Index 远东指数Favorable tax status 有利的税收地位Federal Express 联邦快递公司Financial market 金融市场Firm 公司First-mover advantages 先动优势First-mover advantages 先进入者优势Fisher Effect 费希尔效应Fixed Costs 固定成本Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率Flexibility 弹性Flexible 柔韧的，有弹性的Floating exchange 浮动汇率Focus 重点，焦点Foreign bonds 外国债券Foreign Credit Insurance Association 对外信贷保险协会Foreign debt crisis 外国债务危机Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 外国直接投资Foreign exchange market 外汇市场Forward exchange rate 远期汇率Franchising. 特许Free trade 自由贸易Free trade 自由贸易Free trade area 自由贸易区Freely convertibility 自由兑换Fundamental 基本的，重要的GGeneral agreement on tariffs and trade(GA TT) 关贸总协定General Motors 通用汽车Global Capital Market 全球资本市场Global Equity Market 环球股本证券市场Global learning 整体学习Global matrix structure 全球矩阵结构Global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略Global web 全球性网路Globalization 全球化Globalization of production 生产全球化Gold standard 金本位Grant 授予Greenfield investment 新投资Gross fixed capital formation 固定资本形成总值HHedging Strategy 规避战略Hinduism 印度教Horizontal differentiation. 水平差异Host-Government 东道国政府IImmobile recourse 不能转移的追索权Implication 暗示，启示Import quota 进口限额Inappropriate 不恰当的Incentive 鼓励措施Incidence 发生率，影响程度Individualism 个人主义Infant industry argument 新生工业争论Information technology 信息技术Infrastructure 基础设施Inport 进口Intellectual Property 知识产权Interdependent 互相依存的Interest rate 利率Internal stakeholders 内部经济相关者Internalization theory 内部化理论International business 国际商务International division 国际部International division. 国际分工International monetary fund (IMF) 国际货币基金会International monetary system. 国际货币制度International trade 国际贸易Intervention 干涉，干预ISO900. 国际标准化组织JJIT 准时生产Joint venture 合资Just 公平的KKnowledge network 知识网LLack 缺乏，缺少Late-mover disadvantages 迟入者劣势Law of one price 一价定律Lean production 精益生产Learning effect 学习效应Legal system 法律体制Letter of Credit 信用证Licensing 许可证发放Licensing agreement 专利使用权转让协定Local content requirements 当地成分要求Location 位置Logistics 后勤，物流MMake-or-buy decisions 自制或购买决策Management 管理Manufacture 生产，制造Market economy 市场经济Market imperfections 市场缺陷Market segmentation. 市场分割Marketing mix 销售组合Mass Customization 大规模定制Maximize 最大限度地利用Mechanisms 机制Media 媒体Mercantilism 重商主义Mercosur 南方共同市场Minimum efficient scale 最低有小规模Monetary Policy Autonomy 货币政策自主性Moral courage 道义勇气Multinational enterprise (MNE) 跨国公司Multipoint competition 多点竞争NNAFTA 北美自由贸易区Naive 幼稚的New trade theory 新贸易理论Noise 噪音Nonconvertible 非转化型的Nonverbal communication 非语言交流OOffset 抵消，补偿Offshore production 境外生产Oligopoly 供不应求的市场情况Optimal currency area 最适当的货币区Organization culture 组织文化Organizational architecture 组织框架Organizational structure 组织结构Output 产量PPartner 伙伴，合伙人Pattern 模式Pegged exchange rate 盯住汇率Performance 执行；表现Philosophical 哲学的Pioneering costs. 开创成本Political economy 政治经济学Political Ideology 政治意识形态Political system 政治体制Politician 政客Power distance 权利差距Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性Process 进程Production possibility frontier 生产可能边界Profit 利润，收益Profit growth 利润增长Profitability 获益（情况），收益性Promotion 促销；晋升Property rights 产权Portfolio Diversification 组合投资多元化Pull strategy 前拉战略Purchasing power parity 购买力平价Pursue 追求，进行Push strategy 后推战略RRegional economic integration 区域经济一体化Regulatory interference 监管，干预Representative 典型的；代议制的Restrict 限制Retail 零售Retaliation 报复Rights theories 权力理论Right-wing 右翼的Role 作用；角色Root 根源SScheme 图解Seattle 西雅图Sight draft 即期汇票Six sigma 六西格玛Smoot-Hawley Act 史慕特郝雷关税法案Social mobility 社会流动性Social responsibility 社会责任Social strata 社会阶层Sophistication 混合Source effects. 来源效应Sovereignty 主权Specialized 专业化的Specific tariff 从量关税Speculation 推断；投机活动Spot exchange rate 即期汇率Stock of foreign direct investment 外国直接投资总额Stockholder 股东Strategic alliances 战略联盟Strategic commitments 战略承诺Strategy pricing 定价战略Strategy. 策略Structure 框架，结构Subsidy 补贴，津贴Supply chain 供应链Switch trading 转手贸易TTariff 关税Taste 口味，爱好Telecommunication 通讯Terrorism 恐怖主义The cost of capital 资本成本The Investment Boom 投资风暴The Product Life Cycle 产品生命周期Theocratic 神权的Time draft 远期汇票Timing of entry. 进入时机Total quality management. 整体品质管理Totalitarianism 极权主义Trade balance 贸易平衡Trade creation 贸易开辟Trade diversion 贸易转移Trade policy 贸易政策Traditional 传统的Transaction exposure 交易风险Translation exposure 折算风险暴露Transportation Technology 交通运输技术Tribal 部落的Turnkey project. 交钥匙工程，总包工程Type 类型UUnacceptable 不可接受的Uncertainty 不确定性Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避Universal needs 普遍需求VValue 价值Value creation 价值创造Vertical 垂直的，纵向的V olatile 不稳定的V oluntary export restraint (VER) 出口自动限制WWage gap 工资差距Watershed 分水岭，转折点Wholly owned subsidiary. 全资子公司World Bank 世界银行World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织Worldwide area structure 全球区域结构ZZero sum game 零和博弈。

国际商务 按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表

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商务词汇中英文对照收集

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商务英语翻译汉英词汇大全

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国际商务必备-经济学中英文词汇及释义

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商务翻译英汉词汇

国际商务按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表

国际商务按章节排列的中英文词汇对照表

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