定语从句用法分析

定语从句用法分析

定语从句在整个句子中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

eg. The boys who are planting trees on the hill are middle school students 先行词定语从句

#1 关系词：

关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as

(句子中缺主要成份:主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补语)，

关系副词：when, where, why （句子中缺次要成份：状语）。

#2 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。

1）who, whom, that 指代人，在从句中作主语、宾语。

eg. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语）

^

He is the man who/whom/ that I saw yesterday.（who/whom/that在从句中作宾语）

^

2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。eg. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

Please pass me the book whose cover is green.

= the cover of which/of which the cover is green.

3）which, that指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语。

eg. The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

^

（which / that在从句中作宾语,可省略）

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

eg. Is he the man who want s to see you?

#3.关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句，代替先行词（时间、地点或理由），并在从句中作状语。

eg. Two years ago, I was taken to the village where I was born.

Do you know the day when they arrived?

The reason why he refused is that he was too busy.

注意：

1）关系副词常常和"介词+ which"结构互换

eg. There are occasions when （on which）one must yield (屈服).

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.

Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?

* 2）在非正式文体中，that代替关系副词或"介词+ which"，放在时间、地点、理由的名词，在口语中that常被省略。

eg. His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.

He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.

#4.限制性和非限制性定语从句

定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句对先行词的范围进行限定，是不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。eg. This is the house which we bought last month.（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.（非限制性）

Which one is better?

→His father who worked in a factory came to see him . ( )

His father ,who worked in a factory,came to see him. ( )

#5. 关系代词that 的用法

1)不用that的情况

#1. 非限定性定语从句不用that

（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here

→The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

#2.介词后不能用that

eg. We depend on the land from which we get our food.

→We depend on the land (that/which) we get our food from.

#3.which 指代整个主句

eg. Tom studies very hard ,which makes his parents very happy.

2)只能用that不能用which的情况

◆当先行词是everything、nothing、something、anything、all、little、much等不定代词时

eg. He never read anything that was not worth reading. / That's all that I know. ◆先行词被all、every、no、some、any、little、much, the only, the very等词修饰时

eg. I've read all the books that you lent me.

The only thing that we could do was to ask the police station for help.

You can take any seat that is free. There is little time that we can spare.

◆先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，

eg. It is the first American film of this kind that I've ever seen.

This is the best hotel that I know.

◆先行词由人和物共同组成

eg. The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.。

◆如果关系代词在定语从句中作表语，或者在there＋be句型中引导从句，一般用that。

eg. There is a seat in the corner that is still free.

He is not the man that he was ^ before.

My home village is no longer the place that it used to be^.

◆如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。

eg. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

◆被修饰的成分为数词时，关系代词常用that。

eg. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.

#6. as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。

◆As引导的句子可以放在句首，句中或句末，（正如）。