管理信息系统chapter2

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chapter2-4系统的功能模型和信息模型

A13
设计方法
设计经验
生产条件
机筒三维实体、平面图
轴承座设计 A14
M 轴承座三维实体、平面图
图5 系统A1功能模型图
A3功能模型图，如图6所示
设计问题描述建模简化
分析问题描述
建立有限元模型
设计模型
A31
M1 M2
分析模型
既定工况
边界加载 A32
IDEF0功能模型化方法用以描述系统功能活动及其联系。IDFE0模型基于如图1所示的简单语法。
每个活动由位于盒内的一个动词表达。输入、控制、输出和机制（ICOM）都称为概念。通过建立的IDEF0模型，设计人员可从功能上了解系统的构造，各个功能块之间的关系，功能块实现的要求、手段和目的。设计人员可以进一步的建立各个子功能块的IDEF0模型，这种细化分解，正是IDEF0支持严格的自顶向下分解的优点。
设计方法
设计经验
生产条件
分析方法三维实体图、平面图工程分析结果
双螺杆磨浆机构设计系统用户要求
M1
M1：设计分析人员 M2：CAD设计软件 M3：CAE分析软件 M4：计算机硬件系统
M2
M3
M4
图3 系统A_0功能模型图
接下来需要建立系统的顶层A0 图。首先要从总体的角度分析系统由哪些功能子模块组成，这些模块的功能是如何实现的，各个模块之间是怎样联系起来的。系统实现的功能是从设计要求出发，完成整个双螺杆磨浆机构的设计。具体的A0 功能模型如图4所示。
M1 M2 离散模型
后处理结果反馈
分析 A33

ISO27001信息安全管理体系_附录A介绍

(1、2)
信息安全方针的内容，包括但不限于：
组织对信息安全的定义信息安全总体目标和范围最高管理者对信息安全的承诺与支持的声明符合相关标准、法律法规、和其它要求的声明对信息安全管理的总体责任和具体责任的定义相关支持文件
ISO27001:2005 附录A
A.5 安全方针 Security Policy
明对信息安全的支持和承诺。二信息安全方针
1. 5贯.彻1落.1实信信息息安全安方针全，策确保略业务文的连件续性 2. 5使.所1有.2的审员工查都接与受信评息估安全的培训，提高全员的信息安全意识
3. 保护公司进行所有商务活动中获得的顾客・隐私・企业专有技术等的信息 4. 保护信息的保密性，确保不能通过故意或疏忽的行为泄露给未授权的人 5. 保护信息的完整性，防止未经授权的修改与破坏 6. 保护信息的可用性, 确保授权的用户需要时可获得信息 7. 定期进行内部评审与管理评审，确保体系有效运行 8. 符合法律和法规要求
ISO27001:2005 附录A
A.5 安全方针 Security Policy
5.1 信息安全方针(策略)
(1、2)
三信息安全目标 1. 确保重大、特大安全事件为“0”次/年； 2. 重要信息资产的可用率达到 99％。
C总＝
Ti *Ci i
编号 1 2
名称邮件服务器 Web服务器
1、公司层面的目标 2、部门级别的目标
信息安全管理体系 ISO27001
Chapter 0 : 简介 Chapter 1 : 范围 Chapter 2 : 强制性应用标准 Chapter 3 : 术语和定义
Chapter 4 : 信息安全管理体系
Chapter 5 : 管理责任 Chapter 6 : ISMS内部审查 Chapter 7 : ISMS管理评审 Chapter 8 : ISMS改善附件A (强制性)控制目标和控制措施

操作系统ppt chapter2处理器管理

√ f. Modify entries in device-status table.
g. Switch from user to kernel mode.
h. Access I/O device.
9
处理器状态（内核态和用户态）
• 处理器怎么知道当前是操作系统还是一般用户程序在运行呢?
• 处理器状态标志: 管理状态（内核态、特权状态、系
操 PSW（Program Status Word）来区别不同的处理器作工作状态
系
统 • PSW用来控制指令执行顺序并保留和指示与程序有关的系统状态，主要作用是实现程序状态的保护和恢复
• 每个程序都有一个与其执行相关的PSW，每个处理器都设置一个PSW寄存器。程序占有处理器执行，它的PSW将占有PSW寄存器
系
统，停止处理器运行，将故障信息向操作员报告，并对故障所造成的破坏进行估计和恢复。
30
程序错误包括：语法错误、逻辑错误和
操执行过程中产生的异常（定点溢出、阶码下
作溢、除数为0等）
系
统
操作系统主要处理第三类错误，操作系
统可以借助信号机制，将捕获的中断事件交
由程序自行处理
31
产生I/O中断的情况：操 ➢ I/O操作正常结束
操值、返回点以及子程序的局部变量。
作
系核心栈：内存中属于操作系统空间的一块区域，统用于保存中断现场和操作系统程序间相互调用的
参数、返回值、返回点以及程序的局部变量。
12
2.1.2 程序状态字寄存器(1)
• 计算机如何知道当前处于何种工作状态？这时能否执行特权指令？通常操作系统都引入程序状态字
统和分布存储(松散耦合)多处理

信息系统上线管理制度

信息系统上线管理制度n System Launch Management SystemChapter 1 General nsArticle 1: In order to further improve the security management level of XX Company's n system launch work。

clarify the XXX new system launches。

achieve standardized management of new system launches。

ensure the normal n of systems and equipment。

and normal processing of n business。

this management method is formulated.Article 2: This management method applies to new system launch work。

It includes XXX。

renovated。

and expanded systems。

including n n。

safety assessment and n。

and security delivery.Chapter 2 PrinciplesArticle 3: XXX the normal n of the system。

XXX the normal n of the system and business.Article 4: The principle of low business risk。

Testing methods that do not interrupt business should be adopted under the premise of safety XXX.Article 5: XXX。

管理信息系统(第9版)精要版原书英文版题库答案第2章

Essentials of Management Information Systems, 9e (Laudon/Laudon)Chapter 2 Global E-Business and Collaboration1) Senior management is responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of the business. Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 44-45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension2) Operational-level manufacturing systems deal with the firm's long-term manufacturing goals, such as where to locate a new plant.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize, differentiate3) Transaction processing systems are most commonly encountered at the senior management level of an organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension4) TPS help managers monitor the firm's relations with the external environment.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension5) A hotel reservation system is a typical example of a management information system. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48-49AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize6) The decision to grant credit to a customer is normally made by a senior manager. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension7) Transaction processing systems are the basic business systems that serve the operational level of the organization.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension8) Management information systems primarily support nonroutine decision making. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension9) Most MISs use sophisticated mathematical models or statistical techniques.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension10) Deciding whether to introduce a new product line is the responsibility of an operational manager.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize11) Decision-support systems help managers make decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension12) Decision-support systems often use information from external sources.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 50AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension13) ESSs are designed to serve the middle management of the organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension14) ESSs are designed to incorporate data about external events, but they also draw summarized information from internal MIS and DSS.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension15) ESSs are designed primarily to solve specific problems.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension16) Information supplied by an enterprise system is structured around cross-functional business processes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension17) Supply chain management systems are more externally oriented than enterprise systems. Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare18) Knowledge management systems are used to gather and distribute the firm's essential operational data, such as sales reports.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension19) Cell phones are one of the tools firms use to support teamwork and collaboration. Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 60AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension20) The five basic entities that make up any business are suppliers, customers, employees, products and services, and:A) its environment.B) manufacturing and production.C) sales and marketing.D) invoices and payments.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 42AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension21) Promoting the organization's products or services is a responsibility of the ________ function.A) finance and accountingB) human resourcesC) manufacturing and productionD) sales and marketingAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension22) Checking for product quality is an activity associated with the ________ function.A) finance and accountingB) human resourcesC) manufacturing and productionD) sales and marketingAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension23) Which of the following is a cross-functional business process?A) Hiring an employeeB) Identifying a customerC) Fulfilling a customer orderD) Creating an invoiceAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 44AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension24) Employees that assist with paperwork at all levels of the firm are called:A) data workers.B) knowledge workers.C) operational management.D) service workers.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension25) The three principal levels of hierarchies within a business organization are:A) management, knowledge workers, and service workers.B) senior management, middle management, and operational management.C) management, data workers, and operational management.D) senior management, operational management, and workers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension26) Key forces in a business's immediate environment include:A) regulations.B) technology.C) economy.D) politics.Answer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 45-46AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension27) Engineers and architects are examples of:A) senior management.B) production workers.C) knowledge workers.D) middle management.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension28) Which of the following is an example of a key force in a firm's broader, less immediate environment?A) stockholdersB) regulationsC) shipping firmsD) economic trendsAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 46AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension29) A computerized system that performs and records the daily dealings necessary to conduct business is classified as a(n):A) executive support system.B) management-level system.C) decision support system.D) transaction-processing system.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension30) Which type of system would you use to change a production schedule if a key supplier was late in delivering goods?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47-48AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of differentiate and appraise31) A relocation control system that reports summaries on the total moving, house-hunting, and home financing costs for employees in all company divisions would fall into the category of:A) knowledge management systems.B) transaction support systems.C) executive-support systems.D) management information systems.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize32) The term "management information systems" designates a specific category of information systems serving:A) integrated data processing throughout the firm.B) transaction process reporting.C) senior managementD) middle management functions.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension33) These systems are designed to summarize and report on the company's basic operations.A) Management information systemsB) Decision-support systemsC) Executive information systemsD) Transaction processing systemsAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension34) ________ support making decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance.A) Management information systemsB) Transaction processing systemsC) Executive support systemsD) Decision-support systemsAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension35) Which type of system would you use to determine the five suppliers with the worst record in delivering goods on time?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48-49AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of differentiate and appraise36) These systems are especially suited to situations in which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance.A) Management information systemsB) Transaction processing systemsC) Decision-support systemsD) Knowledge management systemsAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension37) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on investment if you used new suppliers with better delivery track records?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49-50AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize38) Decision-support systems are also referred to as:A) business information systems.B) business intelligence systems.C) executive support systems.D) business model systems.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 50AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension39) Executive support systems are information systems that support the:A) long-range planning activities of senior management.B) knowledge and data workers in an organization.C) decision-making and administrative activities of middle managers.D) day-to-day processes of production.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension40) ESS are specifically designed to serve the ________ level of the organization.A) operationalB) end-userC) middle managementD) senior managementAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension41) Which type of system would you use to determine what trends in your supplier's industry will affect your firm the most in five years?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize42) ________ systems often deliver information to senior executives through a portal.A) Transaction processingB) Executive supportC) Management informationD) Decision-supportAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension43) A POS system, such as the one selected by Johnny's Lunch in the chapter case study, falls into which category of information system?A) TPSB) KWSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 52AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize44) These systems are designed to support organization-wide process coordination and integration.A) Decision-support systemsB) Management information systemsC) CRMD) Enterprise applicationsAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension45) A(n) ________ collects data from various key business processes and stores the data in a single comprehensive data repository, usable by other parts of the business.A) transaction processing systemB) enterprise systemC) automatic reporting systemD) management information systemAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension46) What is the most important benefit of an enterprise application?A) Enabling speed of communicating.B) Enabling business functions and departments to share information.C) Enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers.D) Enabling cost-effective, e-business processes.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 53-54AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of appraise, evaluate47) ________ systems integrate and share information from suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and logistics companies.A) Collaborative distributionB) Supply-chain managementC) Reverse logisticsD) Enterprise planningAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension48) ________ systems provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention.A) CRMB) MISC) ESSD) CPSAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension49) Which type of information system would an intranet be most easily adapted to?A) CRMB) MISC) TPSD) KMSAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together50) Which of the following types of system could be used to enable different firms to work collaboratively on a product?A) intranetB) extranetC) KMSD) CRMAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of appraise51) You manage the Information Systems department at a small startup Internet advertiser. You need to set up an inexpensive system that allows customers to see real-time statistics such as views and click-throughs about their current banner ads. Which type of system will most efficiently provide a solution?A) CRMB) Enterprise systemC) ExtranetD) IntranetAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess, choose52) Buying or selling goods over the Internet is called:A) e-commerce.B) e-business.C) an intranet.D) an extranet.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension53) The use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise is called:A) e-commerce.B) e-business.C) enterprise applications.D) MIS.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension54) You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their client's frequently updated branding and style guides to all of their branches. The guides include multiple image files and text documents. What system will best serve these needs?A) A wikiB) An extranet with KMS capabilitiesC) A TPS with KMS capabilitiesD) An ESS with collaboration capabilitiesAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 54-65AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together55) Interaction jobs are those jobs which:A) are in the service sector and require close coordination, and collaboration.B) involve knowledge that can't be put into an information system.C) are performed typically by operational-level employees.D) require intense levels of interaction with clients.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 57AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension56) You have been hired by Inspiration Inc, to help improve their profit margin. Inspiration Inc. is a business communications consultancy that services many clients in different industries throughout the U.S. The end products of the company are customized recommendations for the best use of a client's existing resources for improving internal communications, typically delivered via documentation in different media. The company has approximately 100 consultants all of whom are located in their central headquarters in Chicago. What system do you recommend to improve the company's business processes and increase their profit margin?A) Extranet, to enable quick collaboration over the Internet, minimize the time spent communicating with the client, and minimize the amount of paperwork neededB) CRM, to maintain easily accessible customer records to minimize the time spent looking for client dataC) KMS, for minimizing redundant work on similar clientsD) Video conferencing system, for improving collaborationAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 55-61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together57) In a business environment, the focus of collaboration is to:A) accomplish the task at hand.B) provide a sense of community.C) foster better communication.D) prevent miscommunication.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension58) Which of the following statements is NOT true about collaboration in a business setting?A) Collaboration may be a short-lived activity, lasting just a few minutes.B) Collaboration is a many-to-many activity as opposed to a one-to-one or one-to-many activity.C) Meaningful collaboration requires a supportive business firm culture and the right, decentralized structure.D) The evidence of the business benefits of collaboration are largely anecdotal.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 56-59AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension59) Which of the following tools is NOT one of the most important 15 types of collaboration software tools?A) screen sharingB) video streamingC) video conferencingD) e-mail and instant messagingAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 60AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension60) A wiki is a type of:A) social networking site.B) blogging.C) video conferencing.D) Web site designed for collaborative writing and editing.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension61) Second Life is an example of a:A) virtual world.B) wiki.C) social networking site.D) mind mapping tool.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension62) The most widely used collaboration software tool used by very large firms is:A) Lotus Notes.B) Microsoft SharePoint.C) Google Apps.D) Onehub.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 65AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension63) What analytical framework discussed in the chapter helps understand and evaluate the benefits and uses of collaboration tools?A) cost/use matrixB) task/time matrixC) space/cost matrixD) time/space matrixAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 67AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension64) Which of the following collaboration tools would be appropriate for participants in separate locations who need to collaborate synchronously?A) blogB) team roomC) electronic meeting softwareD) group calendarAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 67AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare65) The ________ is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws.A) CPOB) CKOC) CIOD) CIPAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension66) The principal liaison between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization is a(n):A) programmer.B) information systems manager.C) systems analyst.D) CIO.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension67) A ________ is a senior manager who oversees the use of IT in the firm.A) CEOB) CFOC) CIOD) CITAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension68) Development and support services for a firm's business systems are provided by:A) IT educational services.B) IT management services.C) Application software services.D) IT standards services.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension69) Policies that determine which information technology will be used, when, and how are provided by:A) IT educational services.B) IT management services.C) Application software services.D) IT standards services.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension70) A(n) ________ is a set of logically related activities for accomplishing a specific business result.Answer: business processDiff: 1 Page Ref: 42AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension71) A firm depends heavily on its ________ to supply capital, labor, customers, new technology, services and products, stable markets and legal systems, and general educational resources. Answer: environmentDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension72) The ________ function is responsible for attracting, developing, and maintaining the firm's workforce.Answer: human resourcesDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension73) Managers need ________ systems to monitor the status of internal operations and the firm's relations with the external environment.Answer: transaction processingDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension74) A(n) ________ is used by middle management to support nonroutine decision making. Answer: decision-support system/DSSDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension75) ________ applications span the entire firm, integrating information from multiple functions and business processes to enhance the performance of the organization as a whole.Answer: EnterpriseDiff: 1 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension76) Supply chain management systems are one type of ________ system because they automate the flow of information across organizational boundaries.Answer: interorganizationalDiff: 3 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension77) ________ are highly trained technical specialists who write the software instructions for computers.Answer: ProgrammersDiff: 1 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension78) ________ are representatives of departments outside of the information systems group for whom applications are developed.Answer: End usersDiff: 2 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension79) ________ technology allows a videoconference participant to give the appearance of being present at a location other than his or her true physical location.Answer: TelepresenceDiff: 3 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension80) Identify the different types of systems used for the different levels of management in a business.Answer: The types of information systems used for different levels of management are transaction processing systems (TPS), management information systems (MIS), decision-support systems (DSS), and executive support systems (ESS). TPS, such as payroll or order processing, track the flow of the daily routine transactions that are necessary to conduct business. They are used by operational managers to manage day-to-day operations. MIS summarize and report on the c ompany’s basic operations using data supplied by TPS. They provide middle managers with reports on the organization’s current performance and are not highly analytical. DSS also support middle management decisions when these decisions are unique, rapidly changing, and not specified easily in advance. They use advanced analytical models and data analysis capabilities and often draw on information from external as well as internal sources. ESS support senior management by providing data of greatest importance to senior management decision makers. ESS provide a generalized computing and communications capacity that can be applied to a changing array of problems. ESS present graphs and data from many sources through an interface that is easy for senior managers to use, often a portal.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 47-51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of generalize81) In your opinion, what are at least three factors that contribute to the difficulty of integrating systems for different organizational levels and functions within an organization? Support your answer.Answer: An example answer is: Three factors that can contribute include different computing environments; different data kept; and employee resistance. Different computing environments can make it difficult in terms of programming to connect the systems together. If the systems have kept different types of data and different records, this may also be a hindrance. For example, if some elements in a database are recorded differently, such as a customer ID not being the same in one area as another, this would make consistency a problem and may contribute to redundant information. There may also be resistance to adopting new, integrative systems that are more efficient because these may change business processes and the functions of employees. People working in an organization may not want to lose the responsibilities they have and the functions they understand.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess, compare82) Discuss at least three reasons why collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever.Answer: Collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever for a variety of reasons. For one, the nature of work has changed from factory manufacturing andpre-computer office work. Today, the kinds of jobs we have require much closer coordination and interaction among the parties involved in producing the service or product. Another reason is that the organization of work has changed. For most of the industrial age, work was organized in a hierarchical fashion. Orders came down the hierarchy, and responses moved back up the hierarchy. Today, work is organized into groups and teams, who are expected to develop their own methods for accomplishing the task. Senior managers observe and measure results, but are much less likely to issue detailed orders or operating procedures. Another reason is the need to manage work from global locations: The work of the firm has changed from a single location to multiple locations - offices throughout a region, a nation, or even around the globe. Global competition also places a premium on innovation. Innovation is a group and social process, and most innovations derive from collaboration among individuals in a lab, a business, or government agencies. Strong collaborative practices and technologies are believed to increase the rate and quality of innovation. Overall, most research on collaboration supports the notion that diverse teams produce better outputs, faster, than individuals working on their own.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57-58AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of propose83) Identify and describe at least four business benefits of collaboration? Which do you feel is the most important and why?Answer: Business benefits from collaboration are (1) productivity; (2) quality; (3) innovation;(4) customer service; and (5) financial performance. Collaboration helps productivity because people working together on a task can complete the task more quickly. It helps quality because people working together will be more able to correct each other's mistakes. It helps innovation because people working in groups come up with more ideas than those working in isolation. It helps customer service because teams can solve customer complaints more quickly together rather than working in isolation. And as a result of all of these benefits, collaboration helps finance, because collaborative firms have superior sales, sales growth, and financial performance. Student evaluations will vary: for example, the most important of the benefits might be: innovation, because new products, services, and means of production are at the heart of being able to outperform your competitors.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 58-59AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of compare, assess。

管理信息系统英文教材

管理信息系统英文教材Management Information Systems (MIS) TextbookIntroduction:In the fast-paced and dynamic business world, the effective management of information has become paramount for organizations to gain a competitive edge. Management Information Systems (MIS) play a crucial role in this process by facilitating the collection, processing, and dissemination of data to support managerial decision-making. This article aims to present an overview of the key components and topics that should be covered in an English textbook for studying Management Information Systems.Chapter 1: Introduction to Management Information Systems- Definition and importance of Management Information Systems- Historical development and evolution of MIS- Role of MIS in supporting organizational objectives and strategies- Ethical considerations in MISChapter 2: Information Systems and Business Processes- Understanding the concept of business processes- Relationship between information systems and business processes- Role of information systems in streamlining and improving business processes- Case studies illustrating the impact of information systems on business efficiencyChapter 3: Data and Information Management- Difference between data and information- Data storage and retrieval systems- Database management systems and their importance in MIS- Data governance and data quality managementChapter 4: Information Systems Infrastructure- Components and architecture of an information systems infrastructure- Hardware, software, and network resources used in MIS- Cloud computing and its role in information systems infrastructure- Security considerations in managing an information systems infrastructureChapter 5: Business Intelligence and Analytics- Concept and benefits of business intelligence (BI)- Techniques and tools used in BI and data analytics- Application of BI in decision-making processes- Predictive analytics and its role in strategic planningChapter 6: Enterprise Systems- Overview of enterprise systems (ERP, CRM, SCM)- Integration of enterprise systems and their benefits- Case studies showcasing the successful implementation of enterprise systems- Challenges and risks associated with implementing enterprise systemsChapter 7: E-commerce and E-business- Introduction to e-commerce and e-business models- Role of information systems in supporting online transactions- Security and privacy concerns in e-commerce- Mobile commerce and its impact on business operationsChapter 8: Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues in MIS- Ethical considerations in the use of information systems- Legal frameworks and regulations governing MIS usage- Privacy and security issues in managing information systems- Social implications of MIS and its impact on societyConclusion:A comprehensive and well-structured English textbook on Management Information Systems is vital for students to grasp the fundamental concepts and principles underlying the effective management of information in organizations. By covering topics such as MIS introduction, information systems and business processes, data management, information systems infrastructure, business intelligence and analytics, enterprise systems, e-commerce and e-business, and social, ethical, and legal issues, this textbook equips students with the necessary knowledge and skills to excel in the field of MIS.。

ISO27001信息安全管理体系标准介绍

Chapter 6 : ISMS内部审查（内审）
•安全区域(6) •物理安全边界
Chapter 7 : ISMS管理评审 Chapter 8 : ISMS改善附件A（强制性）控制目标和控制措施
•人员进入控制 •隔离运送与装卸区域 •安全设备
A.13信息系统的获取、开会与维护(6)
A.13安全事件管理(2)
0.1 概述
A.7 资产的管理(2)
•工作说明与资源安全
0.2 过程方法
•使用者训练 •安全事故和故障的回应
0.3 与其它管理A.8体▪人雇系力佣之的资前源兼的安安容全全性(3)
Chapter 4 : 信息安全管理体系
▪雇佣中的安全 ▪雇佣变化或终止的安全
Chapter 5 : 管理责任
A.9 物理与环境安全(2)
A.14业务连续性管理(5)
A.15符合性(3)
ISO/IEC 27001:2005 A.5 安全政策(1)
•信息安全政策
A.6 信息安全组织(2)
•内部组织安全
Chapter 0 : 简介 Chapter 1 : 范围 Chapter 2 : 强制性应用标准 Chapter 3 : 术语和定义
•外部安全
•外部安全
1、部门认证范A.7围资产的管理(2) •工作说ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ与资源安全
2、条款范围
•使用者训练 •安全事故和故障的回应
A.8 人力资源安全(3)
▪雇佣之前的安全
Chapter 4 : 信息安全管理体系
▪雇佣中的安全 ▪雇佣变化或终止的安全
Chapter 5 : 管理责任
A.9 物理与环境安全(2)
Chapter 6 : ISMS内部审查（内审）

P信息系统项目管理师考点分析之十六：项目管理框架

信息系统项目管理师考点分析之十六：项目管理框架一、知识点归纳Chapter 1：项目管理概述1、项目：为创建某一独特产品、服务而临时进行的一次性努力。

（临时、独特、渐进明细）。

2、项目与日常运作：同——人的参与，有限资源，计划执行控制等管理；异——临时独特终结VS连续重复持续。

他们的目标是不同的。

3、项目管理的要素：环境、资源、目标、组织。

●项目控制的两个主要目标是：改变活动以达到目标（项目目标与组织目标的总体一致性），以及管理组织资产。

4、项目管理九大知识领域：整体、范围、时间、成本、质量、人力、沟通、风险、采购。

5、项目组织：（1）项目干系人：项目参与者、利益相关人、施加影响者；（2）关键干系人：项目经理、客户/用户、执行组织、团队成员、发起者、影响者、PMO。

干系人意见冲突，一般应以客户为主。

（3）组织结构：职能结构与矩阵结构●项目联络员（Expeditor）：在职能型组织中起沟通、联络作用，没有决策权。

●项目协调员（Coordinator）：在职能型组织中有一定的决策权，他可以接触项目成员的上级经理。

l MBO，量化目标实现个体管理职责——定期评审——高层支持；l 按项目管理：组织中每个活动将是某个项目的活动。

l 需要是指已识别的需求，而期望是未识别的需求。

l 项目经理负责实现项目目标。

l 项目管理通过对项目管理过程进行整合集成而实现。

项目各项活动的责任部门/人6、PMO的关键特征：资源协调、共享，方法、标准与最佳实践，配置管理、工具，风险库，沟通，指挥，质量，etc.；与PM区别—组织战略需求，整体控制，etc。

职能型组织设PMO，则在总裁级与项目经理级之间。

l PMO与PM的目标与驱动是不同的7、PM之要求：知识（PM、集成、行业）、经历、协调、道德、沟通与表达。

（角色、团队、计划、激励、一把手、用户参与）。

8、项目群VS组合l （project group）PMO或大项目经理负责，是有联系的一组项目，通过协调管理获得更大收益。

Management Information System 管理信息系统

Sichuan UniversityP.R.ChinaDepartment of Computer ScienceManagement Information SystemCourse Name Management Information SystemCourse No.304025020Department ComputerScienceHours32Academiccredit2Course Descriptions The course focuses on the basic concepts,structure,and development methodology of Management Information System(MIS).This course introduces the concepts, structure and technology of MIS,the plan,analysis,design,implementation, maintenance and evaluation of MIS,and the development,and application of computer-based systems and data for different fields.This course is designed to provide students with a strong educational foundation that prepares them as Information System(IS)professionals.The academic program consists of a specially designed curriculum that emphasizes conceptual,analytical,technical and interpersonal skills.The course offers students with comprehensive training in the use and management of information systems so as to prepare them for the proficiency to provide effective information services and support to organizations. The coursework is designed to provide technical and conceptual skills associated with the use of information technology in business organizations.The program includes insights into the existing and emerging information technologies and their impact on the IS function;train to critically analyze business processes,identify inefficiencies and problems,assess information requirements,create business solutions and technical specifications for the supporting system;provide expertise to design and develop database applications using the latest database technologies; provide expertise in the latest telecommunication technologies;train in interpersonal and communication skills to effectively interact with various information systems’clients;and provide managerial skills to manage IS projects.Course Materials(Textbooks)Yaowu Wang,Management Information System(second edition),Publishing House Of Electronics IndustryISBN978-7-121-07403-5GradingClass participation15%Homework25%Final exam60%Instructor InformationSichuan UniversityP.R.China Chengen Wu,lecturer,Department of Computer Science,Sichuan University Tentative Course ScheduleChapter Title Topic1Overview of themanagementinformation system 1)Information and information systems2)Theoretical foundations of MIS3)Application area of MIS2Technology bases formanagementinformation systemsdevelopment 1)Computer technology2)Data communications technology3)Computer network technology4)Database technology basics3Managementinformation systemdevelopment 1)The conditions and principles of MIS development2)The development approaches of MIS3)Development process management of MIS4System Planning1)System planning overview2)Common methods for system planning3)Business process reengineering5Systems Analysis1)Systems analysis overview2)Survey of existing system3)Organizational structure and business process analysis4)The data flow analysis5)Creating a logic model for the new system6)Systems analysis report6System Design1)The objectives and principles of system design2)High level system design3)Detailed system design7Implementation of thesystem 1)System designing2)System testing3)The system conversion,maintenance and evaluation8Object-orientedsystems development 1)Basic concepts and features of object-orientation2)The development principles and procedures of Object-oriented systems3)Object-Oriented Analysis(OOA)4)Object-Oriented Design(OOD)5)Object-Oriented Programming Language(OOPL)9Decision supportsystems and expertsystems 1)Decision support systems2)Group decision support systems3)Expert systems4)Intelligent decision support systemsSichuan UniversityP.R.China10Design of informationsystems in thenetwork environment 1)Principles and procedures of MIS in network environment2)Development and application environment of MIS in network environment3)The architecture of MIS in network environment4)Information and information systems security11Information systemdevelopment and itsimpact 1)The development of information systems2)The development of data analysis techniques3)The impact of Information systems on organizations and society4)Information resource management5)Information ethics6)Information policy and law。

Management Information System(Chapter1-2)管理信息系统双语教学课件

Channels of communication
1. 2. 3. 4. Telephone Written reports Face-to-face Newspapers, journals, magazines 5. Internet (email, QQ, MSN,
Workgroup, Activity Directory, BBS and so on)
Others about the Unit
1. Unit Time: 60 hours 2. Unit Credit: 4 credits 3. Material Required for this Unit:
/zh-cn/powerpoint/FX100487762052.aspx
中文定义全文:
How dose a system work?
系统工作流程图
Input Process Output
Feedback loop
Monitored and ensure that systems are effective
What is a formal system?
一个正式的系统要具备:
Information flows within organization
1. Vertical information flows
2. Horizontal information flows
Thபைடு நூலகம் factors affect internal information flows
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The structure of the organization Overall policy Procedures 公司业务流程 Management style 管理模式 Physical location of other branches 分支机构的地域条件

信息系统设计文档-概述说明以及解释

信息系统设计文档-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容应该对整篇文章进行简要介绍，包括信息系统设计文档的背景和重要性。

以下为可能的文章1.1概述的内容：在当今信息科技高速发展的时代，信息系统在各个领域扮演着重要的角色。

信息系统设计文档作为一种重要的文档，用于规范和指导信息系统的设计过程，对于确保系统的稳定性、易用性和可靠性至关重要。

本文旨在介绍信息系统设计文档的基本概念、要素和作用，为读者提供一个全面了解信息系统设计文档的指南。

首先，我们将简要介绍信息系统设计文档的背景和发展，探讨其在信息系统开发生命周期中的重要性和作用。

其次，我们将详细讨论信息系统设计文档的结构和内容，包括需求分析、系统设计、数据库设计等方面，以及各个部分之间的关系和相互作用。

通过撰写信息系统设计文档，可以有效地传递设计方案和目标，确保团队成员对系统需求和设计的一致性理解。

同时，规范的文档可以作为项目管理的重要依据，确保项目按时交付，并便于后期的维护和升级。

信息系统设计文档也有助于风险管理和质量控制，及时发现和解决潜在的问题，提高系统的可靠性和用户满意度。

综上所述，信息系统设计文档在信息系统开发过程中起着重要的作用。

通过本文的介绍，读者将能够了解信息系统设计文档的基本概念和要素，进一步提升系统设计的质量和效率。

同时，也可以为从事信息系统设计和开发相关工作的专业人士提供一个参考和指导，帮助他们更好地完成项目任务。

1.2 文章结构文章结构部分的内容主要是对整篇文章进行概述和组织安排的介绍，旨在让读者了解整篇文章的内容布局和各个部分的主题。

在本篇文章中，文章结构分为引言、正文和结论三个部分。

引言部分（Chapter 1）主要包括概述、文章结构和目的三个小节。

概述部分对本文的主题进行简要介绍，即信息系统设计文档。

文章结构部分对整篇文章的组织结构进行说明，包括引言、正文和结论三个部分。

目的部分详细说明本文的写作目的，即为读者提供关于信息系统设计文档的相关知识。

管理信息系统(原书第15版) A02_LAUD97_SE_FM[2页]

Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management
Better Data Management Helps the U.S. Postal Service Rebound New York City Moves to Data-Driven Crime Fighting Keurig Green Mountain Embraces Data Governance Can We Trust Big Data?
Chapter 9: Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications
Skullcandy Rocks with ERP in the Cloud Logistics and Transportation Management at LG Electronics Customer Relationship Management Helps Celcom Become Number One How Supply Chain Management Problems Killed Target Canada
Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies
EasyJet Flies High with Cloud Computing Wearable Computers Change How We Work Computing Takes Off in the Cloud BYOD: Business Opportunity or Big Headache?

信息系统管理办法

信息系统管理办法信息系统管理办法Chapter 1: 引言⑴背景⑵目的⑶适用范围⑷定义Chapter 2: 信息系统管理框架⑴信息系统管理原则⑵信息系统管理目标⑶信息系统管理职责Chapter 3: 信息系统规划与架构管理⑴信息系统规划⒊⑴目标与策略⒊⑵需求分析⒊⑶规划编制⑵信息系统架构管理⒊⑴架构设计⒊⑵架构评估⒊⑶架构优化Chapter 4: 信息系统开发与采购管理⑴开发流程管理⒋⑴需求收集与分析⒋⑵系统设计与开发⒋⑶测试与验收⒋⑷上线与运维⑵采购管理⒋⑴供应商评估与选择⒋⑵采购合同管理⒋⑶交付与验收Chapter 5: 信息系统运维管理⑴运维策略与制度⒌⑴运维目标与指标⒌⑵运维流程与责任⑵故障与变更管理⒌⑴故障诊断与处理⒌⑵变更管理流程⑶安全与备份管理⒌⑴安全策略与控制⒌⑵数据备份与恢复Chapter 6: 信息系统风险与安全管理⑴风险评估与分析⒍⑴风险识别与分类⒍⑵风险评估方法⑵安全管理措施⒍⑴访问控制与权限管理⒍⑵安全事件响应与应急预案Chapter 7: 信息系统绩效评估与优化⑴绩效指标体系⒎⑴评估指标定义⒎⑵数据采集与分析⑵绩效改进与优化⒎⑴问题识别与分析⒎⑵改进计划与实施Chapter 8: 信息系统管理培训与意识提升⑴培训需求分析⒏⑴岗位职责与能力要求⒏⑵培训计划制定⑵意识提升活动⒏⑴内部宣传与沟通⒏⑵奖惩与激励机制附件：附件B：信息系统开发合同范本附件C：信息系统运维手册附件D：信息系统安全策略附件E：信息系统绩效评估工具注释：⒈信息系统：指由计算机技术、软件、通信等构成的用于处理和管理信息的系统。

⒉信息系统管理：指对信息系统进行规划、开发、运维和安全管理等全过程的管理活动。

⒊规划编制：指制定信息系统规划的过程，包括目标设定、需求分析、方案制定等步骤。

⒋系统设计与开发：指根据需求分析结果，进行系统功能设计与编码开发的过程。

⒌变更管理：指对信息系统运维过程中的变更请求进行管理与控制的活动。

管理信息系统(第9版)精要版原书英文版题库答案第1章

Essentials of Management Information Systems, 9e (Laudon/Laudon)Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career1) Internet advertising is growing at a rate of more than 30 percent a year.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension2) A business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension3) Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives, whereas information systems consist of all the hardware and software needed.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension4) Computers are only part of an information system.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension5) Information systems literacy describes the behavioral approach to information systems, while computer literacy describes the technical approach.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension6) The dimensions of information systems are people, organizations, and information technology.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension7) In order to understand how a specific business firm uses information systems, you need to know something about the history and culture of the company.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension8) Developing a new product, fulfilling an order, or hiring a new employee are all examples of business processes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension9) Business processes are those logically related tasks for accomplishing tasks that have been formally encoded by an organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension10) Employee attitudes about their jobs, employers, or technology can have a powerful effect on their abilities to use information systems productively.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension11) A network requires at least three computers and a shared resource.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension12) An IT infrastructure provides the platform on which the firm can build its information systems.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension13) UPS's use of Web-based tools that allow customers to embed UPS functions such as tracking and cost calculations into their own Web sites was an information systems solution used to achieve customer intimacy.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 18AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Comprehension14) Identifying a problem includes agreeing that a problem exists.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 21AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension15) Political conflict is an example of the people dimension of business problems.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension16) As a result of new public laws, accountants are beginning to perform more technical duties, such as auditing systems and networks.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension17) Forensic accounting is used to investigate bankruptcies and contract disputes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension18) An understanding of enterprise-wide systems for customer relationship management is one of the skills relevant to careers in marketing.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension19) Whereas marketing and financial careers have been transformed by the growth in information systems, management has–so far–remained relatively unaffected.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension20) There are two types of outsourcing: offshore outsourcing and foreign outsourcing. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 28AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension21) As discussed in the chapter opening case, the Yankees' use of information systems in their new stadium can be seen as an effort to achieve which of the primary business objectives?A) Operational excellenceB) SurvivalC) Customer and supplier intimacyD) Improved decision makingAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 3-4AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize22) Journalist Thomas Friedman's description of the world as "flat" referred to:A) the flattening of economic and cultural advantages of developed countries.B) the use of the Internet and technology for instantaneous communication.C) the reduction in travel times and the ubiquity of global exchange and travel.D) the growth of globalization.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 9AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension23) The six important business objectives of information technology are: new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; improved decision-making; competitive advantage; operational excellence, and:A) flexibility.B) survival.C) improved business practices.D) improved efficiency.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 10AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension24) The use of information systems because of necessity describes the business objective of:A) survival.B) improved business practices.C) competitive advantage.D) improved flexibility.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension25) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real-time?A) 1 onlyB) 1 and 2C) 2 and 3D) 1, 2, and 3Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare26) Verizon's implementation of a Web-based digital dashboard to provide managers withreal-time information such as customer complaints is an example of:A) improved flexibility.B) improved decision-making.C) improved efficiency.D) customer and supplier intimacy.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize27) The move of retail banking to use ATMs after Citibank unveiled its first ATMs illustrates the information system business objective of:A) improved efficiency.B) customer and supplier intimacy.C) survival.D) competitive advantage.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize28) An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support:A) decision making and control in an organization.B) communications and data flow.C) managers analyzing the organization's raw data.D) the creation of new products and services.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension29) The three activities in an information system that produce the information organizations use to control operations are:A) information retrieval, research, and analysis.B) input, output, and feedback.C) input, processing, and output.D) data analysis, processing, and feedback.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension30) Order data for baseball tickets and bar code data are examples of:A) raw input.B) raw output.C) customer and product data.D) sales information.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize31) The average number of tickets sold daily online is an example of:A) input.B) raw data.C) meaningful information.D) output.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize32) Output:A) is feedback that has been processed to create meaningful information.B) is information that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate the input stage.C) transfers raw data to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.D) transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension33) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is called:A) capturing.B) processing.C) organizing.D) feedback.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension34) An example of raw data from a national chain of automobile stores would be:A) average of 13 Toyotas sold daily in Kentucky in 2007.B) 300 Toyota RAV4s sold during fourth quarter 2007 in Kentucky.C) 1 Toyota RAV4 sold January 7, 2008 in Louisville, Kentucky - $28000.D) annual sales of Toyota RAV4s increased 2.4 percent.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize35) Electronic computers and related software programs are the technical foundation, the tools and materials, of:A) all business procedures.B) information accumulation.C) modern information systems.D) all industrialized countries.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 14-15AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension36) The field that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm is called:A) information systems literacy.B) information systems architecture.C) management information systems.D) information technology infrastructure.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension37) A hierarchy:A) results in a clear-cut division of labor.B) is composed primarily of experts trained for different functions.C) is a pyramid structure of rising authority and responsibility.D) is used primarily in large organizations to define job roles.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension38) In a hierarchical organization, the upper levels consist of:A) managerial and professional workers.B) managerial, professional, and technical workers.C) professional and operational workers.D) managerial, professional, and operational workers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 15-16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension39) The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most of a company's members is called its:A) culture.B) environment.C) atmosphere.D) values.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension40) Business processes:A) include informal work practices.B) are used primarily for sales and accounting functions.C) are governed by information technology.D) are logically related tasks used primarily by operational personnel.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension41) Data management technology consists of:A) the physical hardware and media used by an organization for storing data.B) the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.C) the software governing the organization of data on physical storage media.D) the hardware and software used to transfer data.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension42) The hardware and software used to transfer data in an organization is called:A) data management technology.B) networking and data management technology.C) data and telecommunications technology.D) networking and telecommunications technology.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension43) An intranet uses:A) mainframe technology.B) infrared telecommunications systems.C) the telecommunications capacities of fiber optic networks.D) Internet technology within the boundaries of the firm.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension44) The first step in the four-step model of business problem solving is:A) agreeing that a problem exists.B) identifying the problem.C) outlining the problem's causes.D) assigning the problem to a problem solver.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 21AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension45) Inadequate database capacity is an example of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) technologyB) organizationalC) peopleD) managementAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize46) Legal and regulatory compliance is an example of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) managementB) organizationalC) peopleD) technologyAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize47) Aging hardware and outdated software are examples of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) technologyB) managementC) information systemsD) organizationalAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize48) Poor business processes and unsupportive culture are examples of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) managementB) organizationalC) peopleD) infrastructureAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize49) The owners of Speed-EZ, a new bike messenger service, are concerned about how they will manage their messengers once they have left the office. This is a business problem that falls into the:A) management dimension.B) people dimension.C) organizational dimension.D) technology dimension.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize50) Flapjack Flats, a new pancake chain, is having difficulty finding pancake chefs. This is a business problem that falls into the:A) management dimension.B) people dimension.C) organizational dimension.D) technical dimension.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize51) In choosing the best solution for a business problem, one of the most important considerations is:A) change management.B) existing resources and skills.C) employee training.D) outcome measurement.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of predicting52) The final step in the four-step model of business problem solving is:A) outcome.B) implementation.C) change management.D) feedback.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension53) Which of the following would not be considered part of the implementation phase of problem solving?A) change managementB) purchasing hardware for an information systems solutionC) training an employee on new systems softwareD) evaluating a selection of software packages for implementing a new business process Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 22-23AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize54) The failure of NASA's initial solution to preventing the space shuttle shedding foam illustrates:A) the importance of training employees on new business processes.B) the need to prepare for measuring outcomes of a business solution.C) the continuous nature of problem solving.D) the need to quickly adapt to new technological innovations.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare55) One of the most frequent errors in problem solving is:A) rushing to judgment.B) not being aware of personal limitations.C) being too doubtful.D) following a rote pattern of decision making.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension56) A major criterion in deciding the most important perspectives of a business problem is:A) implementation.B) change management.C) usefulness.D) organizational needs.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 24AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension57) Which of the following is an example of a business using information systems to create new products and services?A) Apple's creation of the iPodB) JC Penney's information system that allows its contract manufacturers to see what garments have been sold and need to be replacedC) Toyota's legendary TPS that has created superlative efficiencies and enabled Toyota to become the world's largest auto makerD) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard providing real-time company information for managersAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize58) An example of a business using information systems to attain competitive advantage is:A) Apple's creation of the iPod.B) JC Penney's information system that allows its contract manufacturers to see what garments have been sold and need to be replaced.C) Toyota's legendary TPS that has created superlative efficiencies and enabled Toyota to become the world's largest auto maker.D) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard providing real-time company information for managers.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize59) An example of a business using information systems for customer and supplier intimacy is:A) Apple's creation of the iPod.B) JC Penney's information system that allows its contract manufacturers to see what garments have been sold and need to be replaced.C) Toyota's legendary TPS that has created superlative efficiencies and enabled Toyota to become the world's largest auto maker.D) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard providing real-time company information for managers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize60) An information skill important for an accounting major would be:A) an understanding of system and network security issues.B) an understanding of product management enterprise systems.C) an understanding of supplier management enterprise systems.D) an understanding of enterprise systems that enhance leadership.Answer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension61) An information skill important for a marketing major would be:A) an understanding of system and network security issues.B) an understanding of product management enterprise systems.C) an understanding of supplier management enterprise systems.D) an understanding of enterprise systems that enhance leadership.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension62) Maintaining the organization's financial records is a business function of:A) accounting.B) financeC) salesD) marketing.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension63) Branding products is a business function of:A) manufacturing and production.B) finance and accounting.C) human resources.D) marketing.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension64) To make sure they stock clothes that their customers will purchase, a department store implements a new application that analyzes spending levels at their stores and cross-references this data to popular clothing styles. This is an example of using information systems to support a business strategy of:A) new products, services, and business models.B) survival.C) customer and supplier intimacy.D) improved decision making.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize65) Financial managers work directly with ________ to ensure investments in information systems help achieve corporate goals.A) operations managersB) senior managersC) marketing managersD) accounting managersAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension66) Operations management as a discipline is directly relevant to three occupational categories:A) industrial production managers, operations analysts, and administrative service managers.B) project managers, production managers, and administrative service managers.C) project managers, production managers, and industrial production managers.D) finance, accounting, and management.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 26-27AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension67) Assume you work for a package delivery service in a major metropolitan area, and that the business has been losing customers for several years. You have been asked to find a solution to this problem, perhaps one which uses modern information technologies. What is the correct way to proceed?A) Look for solutions, evaluate the solutions, identify the problem more clearly, and then implement the solution.B) Think about what solutions can be implemented, look for solution designs, evaluate the designs, and then implement the solution.C) Identify the problem, design alternative solutions, choose the best solution, and then implement the solution.D) Design solutions, evaluate and identify the problems, choose the best solution, and then implement the solution.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 20-21AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of organizing68) Which of the following statements is not true?A) The most common and successful offshore outsourcing projects involve production programming and system maintenance programming work, along with call center work.B) Inflation in Indian wages for technology work is leading to a counter movement of jobs back to the United States.C) The fear that offshore outsourcing will reduce demand for new information system hires in the U.S. is mitigated by the fact that reduced IT expenditures results in increased IT investments and the creation of domestic jobs.D) The impact of domestic IT outsourcing has been very disruptive to some regional areas of the U.S.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 28AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension69) The culture of UPS places service to the customer among the company's highest business objectives, which is reflected in their use of information systems to enable customer tracking of their packages. Based on your reading of Chapter 1, why is "culture" an important factor to consider when building information system solutions to business problems?A) Business culture has to be synchronized with new technology.B) The business culture provides the vision and inspiration for information system solutions.C) People are a company's most important asset.D) Businesses without culture do not understand new technology.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 15-16AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess70) Based on your reading of the case discussing mobile handhelds, Doylestown Hospital's use of iPhones is an example of using information systems to enhance which of the following generic business objectives?A) SurvivalB) New products, services, and business modelsC) Improved decision makingD) Customer and supplier intimacyAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 8AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of categorize71) ________ is data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful to human beings. Answer: InformationDiff: 1 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension72) ________ is output returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stage.Answer: FeedbackDiff: 2 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension73) The world's largest and most widely used network is ________.Answer: the InternetDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension74) ________ consists of the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.Answer: Computer software/softwareDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension75) The ________ is a service provided by the Internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format.Answer: World Wide Web/Web/WWWDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension76) ________ are private corporate networks extended to authorized users outside the organization.Answer: ExtranetsDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension77) In business problem solving, the three major categories of factors are organization, technology, and ________.Answer: peopleDiff: 2 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension78) Having inadequate resources is a business problem that falls into the ________ dimension. Answer: organizationalDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension79) Encouraging employees to adapt to new business processes is one factor of ________. Answer: change managementDiff: 3 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension80) Being aware of organizational and personal limitations is one of the four elements of________.Answer: critical thinking.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension81) Define operational excellence. How can information systems help achieve it?Answer: Operational excellence is the achievement of higher levels of productivity and efficiency. Information systems can help achieve operational excellence by improving communications to supplier and optimizing the supply chain. Information systems could help managers communicate with workers more efficiently, enable technological innovation in products, minimize warehouse overhead, streamline distribution.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10-11AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Synthesis in terms of devising82) You work for an auto manufacturer and distributor. How could you use information systems to achieve greater customer intimacy?Answer: You could create a web site that allows customers to customize cars, communicate with support personnel and other car owners. You could create an automated e-mail service reminding car owners to take their car in for periodic check ups. You could have an information system that tracks customer preferences in local areas, so you can provide cars that reflect local customer needs and desires.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11-12AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of applying83) What important managerial function is impaired by not having access to timely and accurate information? What is the effect of this lack of data?Answer: The managerial function is decision-making. Without access to timely and accurate information business managers rely on forecasts, best guesses, and luck. The result is over- or underproduction of goods and services, misallocation of resources, and poor response times. These poor outcomes raise costs and lose customers.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Evaluation in terms of justify84) What is the difference between information technology and information systems? Describe some of the functions of information systems.Answer: Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives. Information systems are more complex. An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.The functions of an information system are to support decision making, coordination, and control; help employees analyze problems; help employees visualize complex subjects; and help create new products.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Synthesis in terms of applying, generalizing85) You are a marketing manager for a national movie theater chain. Give an example of data that your department could use for creating meaningful information. What type of information could that data produce?Answer: Movie ticket sales from individual theaters would be an example of raw data. Meaningful information from this would be: average number of tickets sold to seniors on certain days of the week.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13-14AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Synthesis in terms of devising。

Chapter-02

– fork system call creates new process fork 系统调用创建新进程 – execve system call used after a fork to replace the process’ memory space with a new program. 在fork 用一个新程序替代了进程的内存空间之后，采用execve系统调用
Process State 进程状态
• As a process executes, it changes state 进程执行时，改变状态 – new: The process is being created. 新建：在创建进程 – running: Instructions are being executed. 运行：指令在执行 – waiting: The process is waiting for some event to occur. 等待：进程等待某些事件发生 – ready: The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. 就绪：进程等待分配处理器 – terminated: The process has finished execution. 终止：进程执行完毕
16
CPU Switch From Process to Process 进程间CPU的切换
17
Context Switch
• When CPU switches to another process, the system must save the state of the old process and load the saved state for the new process. • Context represented in PCB of a process,include -CPU registers -process state -memory-management information • Context-switch time is overhead; the system does no useful work while switching. • Time dependent on hardware support.

Chapter 2 信息分析的工作流程

2.2.3 文献调查
文献调查主要用于文献信息的搜集。首先进行课题分析，确定文献信息源搜集的重点、大致范围和方位；其次，要根据文献信息源的特点和自身的条件选取一种（或几种）比较合适的文献信息或文献线索查找方法，以获取较全面的文献或文献线索；最后，如果是文献线索，则还应搜集原始文献。途径有以下几种： 1、系统检索法系统检索是以手工或计算机检索系统为基础获取文献信息或文献线索的方法。以描述文献内容特征或外部特征的检索标识为检索突破口，以检索工具的利用为检索手段，具有较高检索效率，是文献信息搜集的主要方法。
（3）课题选定经过分析研究和论证，符合政策性、必要性、可能性、效益性等原则的课题一般不会只有一个，这就需要进行筛选和确定。这一阶段的实质是在多种可选课题中选择一个最恰当的课题。课题选定带有强烈的综合性。一般要邀请相关用户、专家、领导一起协商讨论，必要时还要重新进行分析研究和论证，以提高课题的使用价值，防止一般化。经过选定的课题一般要以开题报告的形式反映出来。开题报告经确认后，如果是被动选题，信息分析与预测机构与上级主管部门或信息用户之间一般还应当就课题有关事项签订书面合同（即课题合同书）。
2.2.2 信息搜集的原则
信息搜集一般括文献调查和社会调查两种途径，不论是哪种途径，在信息搜集过程中都存在着一对最基本的信息供求矛盾，即一方面，新的信息供给层出不穷；另一方面，信息人员的信息需求又是特定和专门的，因课题的目的、要求不同而异。 1、全面性：第一，所搜集的信息不仅要有强相关的，而且要有一般性相关的，如果这些还不能充分地解决问题，某些弱相关的信息也可以考虑搜集；第二，在信息搜集过程中，不能为了迎合他人的观点或自己的主观愿望而仅仅搜集正相关的信息；第三，所搜集的信息不仅要有国内的，也要有国外的，不仅要有本地区、本部门、本单位的，也要有相关地区、相关部门和相关单位的。从全面性考虑，信息采集入库一般从宽。