恩波英语学习

Unit One Web Businesshe year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer mar re recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell produ services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typic w what product they’re looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. ”Busines d to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,”says senior analyst Blane Erwin rester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only w ablished business partners who are given access to the company’s private internet.nother major shift in the model for internet commerce concerns the technology available for market il recently, Internet marketing activities have fo cused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the p r, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “pull” information directly consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly targeted customers. Most notably, the PointC work uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscrib mputer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly t mpany’s Web s ite. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies h messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology ned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flow o the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvit distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies N et purists.ut it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make mon examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneer show that a Web site selling the right kindducts with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cos mputing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. Peo king back 5 or 10 years from now many well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.人名言：ure is conquered by obeying her. 顺服自然才能征服自然。

ure never deceives us, it is always us who deceive ourselves.自然永远不会欺骗我们，欺骗我们的往往是我们自己。

------Rousseau词b---internetolve-----rotate-------rotary---------spin-------reelsume----------consumercal---------representativeetheless---------neverthelessitateable--------reliability------reliance--------relylysis-----analytic-----analyze------analyst---------hazard-----peril-----venturensactioness-----entryt------transfermmerce---------commercialilabletegy-----contrivensmit-----relayver---------------conveyeen-----------------shutterscribetempt----------------scornmote--------------promotionspectrify--------------horror---------------horrible--------------terrifypitalityerpriseon--------quartz----------mercury-------------sulfur/sulphur-------acid----------carbonnge-------------------insert-----------------thrusty-----------------obedience-----------------obedienteive-----------------deceit--------------cheatUnit Two Mad Cows Fearshe Unite States on Friday followed Canad a’s lead in temporarily suspending imports of Brazilian beef, atins and other processed beef products as a precaution against mad cow disease.U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) said although there was no evidence of mad cow disease in Brazi concerned that certain Brazilian beef products may have come into contact with beef from Europe, wh been hit with an outbreak of the brain-wasting disease.is decision is a temporary action,” USDA said in a statement. Further action would be taken if needed to k disease out of the United States, which has never had a case.d cow disease is believed to have spread from Britain to other countries when the bones and other rema diseased cattle were ground up for use in livestock feed.arly 90 people in Britain, France and Ireland have died from mad cow disease. Canada is the leading expor beef to the U.S., with 345,069 tons shipped in 1999, according to the USDA. Brazil shipped 50,376 tons f to the U.S. in 1999, up from 33,534 tons in 1998.zil’s ministry said canned beef exports to the United States were worth around $82.5 million per year w es to Canada were about $5.5million.ier Friday, Canada became the first NAFTA country to announce it was banning Brazilian beef products a eiving information that Brazil had imported live animals from Europe until 1999.awa said it was suspending all imports of Brazilian canned beef and would pull the products from groc re shelves.xico, the other U.S. trade partner under the North American Free Trade Agreement, said it expected to is own ban on Brazilian beef products.angry Brazil criticized Canada for overreacting and initiating a ban that would force similar action by NA tners. “Brazil’s beef is absolutely safe, and there is no mad cow in Brazil.” Said Marcio Fortest, execu retary of the agricultural ministry.razil home to the world’s largest herd of cattle, is locked in a bitter trade battle with Canada.USDA said it was working with Brazilian agriculture officials to complete a mad cow risk assessment in Br quickly as possible.nce this data has been received and USDA is assured that Brazil has taken sound measures to prevent m w disease, the suspension will be lifted.” the USDA said.人名言：re is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths hav nce of gaining its luminous summits.-----------------M词：mporary-------------temporarily--------------momentary---------transientpend-------suspension-------postpone---------delayatin----------proteincess-------procedure---------disposecaution----------caution--------cautiousdence--------evident-------testimony----------testifytactbreak--------------eruptement-----------declarationmainsle---------------livestock----------donkey-------bulld-----------------mill-----------flouristry---------minister----------premier---------------bureau-----------prohibit-------forbid-----taboo---------restrict-----restriction-------restrain------restrainte-------------circulate--------distributeate—initiative-----initial-----------commence----------launch--------originateolute---------thorough---------sheer----------uttercutive-------------executeess-------------assessment-----estimate----verdict-----------appraisalal--------------royalty---------dignityadep----------------cliff-----------summitinous--------------brilliantrxismUnit Three Hackers: The Enemy on the Internetil comparatively recently the opportunities for criminal activity on the Internet have been low. However, th ume of business done on the Internet is growing rapidly, and people order books and other products and kes money transactions. All this is creating temptations for hackers.kers are often young people who are obsessed by computers. They use them to prowl the Internet, look ways to break into computer systems run by banks, telephone companies and even government departme y look for samples of credit cards and try to steal the numbers.ently in America, hackers have been caught testing the security system at the Pentagon, headquarters oferican Defense Department. But still the hackers persist often for a dare “because it’s there” although w at success nobody really knows.stimates for worldwide sales on the Internet now range between $US 40 billion and $US 90 billion by of the year 2000. Much of this is in publishing and software purchases, which require the disclosure dit card numbers, but there is really no limit to what can be conducted on the Internet.u just don’t give your credit card out to anybody,” experts say. “And in the same way that you sho ularly change your credit card access number, you can defeat hackers by regularly changing your Inter sword. If you don’t, it’s like leaving the bank vault door wide open.”en it comes to creating your password, experts recommend including a few punctuation marks and numb her than relying on letters in the alphabet. Telecom media communications manager Gien Sowry says t en it comes to security of credit cards, the Internet offers a higher standard than many others whose hone aken for granted.example, few people think twice about giving a credit card number over the phone and many are equ eless about what happens to the carbon copy when completing a transaction over the counter.me customers may inadvertently reveal their passwords to hackers via what is known as a Trojan horse fo irus. ②These are attached to documents or messages being received, and l odge in a computer’s hard dr t time the customer logs on to an Internet service provider the virus reveals where it is and the password one who is prowling the Net looking for such information. They can then tap in.two ways to defeat such snooping are: to have an up-to-date virus scanner which can recognize the inva delete it, and constant password changes.人名言：ss, porcelain and reputation are easily cracked and never well mended.-----------Franklin词：kermparative---------comparativelyortunityminal---------crimempt-----------temptation-------------obsesswlmple------------------specimendittagonsistge--------------scopepublish-----------publicationware--------hardware----------compute-------------input-----------keyboarduire-------------requirement----------necessitate-----------necessitylose-----------disclosure---------enclose--------enclosure--------reveal-------leak----leakage ess---------------admissionltommendctual--------punctuationdium-------------moderatedvertent-----------------------indifferent-----accidental------deliberatesachument---------documentaryge-------------lodgingopto-date--------contemporary------fashionable------out-of-datenade------invasion-------assaultete---------detachcelain----china----------earthenwareutationck-----------splitUnit Four El NinoNino is the term used for the period when sea surface temperatures are above normal off the South Ameri st along the equatorial Pacific, sometimes called the Earth’s heartbeat, and is a dramatic but mysteri mate system that periodically rages across the Pacific.Nino means “the little boy” or “the Christ child” in Spanish, and is so called because its warm current isng coastal Peru and Ecuador around Christmas. ①But the local warming is just part of an intricate set nges in the ocean and atmosphere across the tropical Pacific, which covers a third of the Ear umference.. Its intensity is such that it affects temperatures, storm tracks and rainfall around the world. ughts in Africa and Australia tropical storms in the Pacific, torrential rains along the Californian coast and uvian deserts have all been ascribed to the whim of El Nino.his at least is the theory, and it has worked pretty well over the past century, with El Nino occurring ab ry three to five years and La Nina in between. But there have been some baffling developments in rec rs. For one thing, El Nino has returned three times in the past four years. For another, since 1976 El Nino minated relative to the cooler phase (La Nina). There has been only one significant La Nina, but five El Nin uding an extremely severe one in 1982-83 that caused damage costing 8 billion dollars. Moreover a h l of warm water has settled down near the dateline in the central Pacific.it is important to understand the changes if scientists are to be able to forecast the climatic effects o os with any degree of accuracy. This is not just an academic task—accurate forecasts can spell out feas ine in many tropical countries around the world. Forecasting efforts have focused on El Nino, whose effe generally more severe than those of La Nina.orrying possibility is that the changes maybe due to greenhouse warming. If so, the recent fluctuations m an early glimpse of worse things to come.人名言：reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable man persists in trying to adapt the world self. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man.--------Shool may ask more questions in an hour than a wise man may answer in a year. hings were to be done twice, all would to wise.词：ator---------arcticma--------dramatic--------------operasterious-------------mystery-----mythmateiodicalrent-------------currencyistian—Christ----Christianity----------Christmasicate--------sophisticated---------elaboratemosphere------atmosphericpical-----------tropicumference----------------diameter------------------radiusnsity--------------intense------intensiveughtentribemfle-------puzzle-------bewilder--------riddle--------perplexminate------dominant----------predominateseecast---------cast--------foresee-------predicturacy------accurate-------precise--------------precisiondemy--------academic-st---------festival---------eveine--------------starveenhousetuate----sway------swingmpse----------gaze-----------peepsonable----------rational---------plausiblept----------reviseUnit Five American Economic SystemAmerican economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented econom ch consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace se goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce th ds and services in competition other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competi ssures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American econo em it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize pro the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced a w resources are used to produce it.n important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands canressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a p em, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offe seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to demand, the price will be bid up and so sumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity result ucing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower e and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the Ameri nomic system.important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own produc ources(private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, a duce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private prope braces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain right to determine the price o duct or to make a free contract with another private individual.人名言：he newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, objectively selected facts. But in these days of comp ws it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most import nment confronting journalism--- to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make internatio ws as understandable as community news, to recognize that ③there is no longer any such thing as “loc ws, because any event in the international arena has a local reaction.词与联想词erprise-----------ambitionent---------------oriental---------------orientationsume--------------consumer--------------consumption-------------------exhaust ve------------------contend-----------------exert----------strainfit-------------------------profitabletive--------motion-----------intentionximum---------------maximize/-se--------------minimum----------minimize/-se ourceorchanism-------mechanic-----mechanical-----------mechanicspond------------response--------reactminate--------discard---------delete------------------cancelmmoditycept-----------conceptionpertybracenershiptract--------compactectiveect-------------selectionmplex----------complexityrpret---------interpretation-----interpreterfrontrnal------journalist-----journalism—reporterna--------platformUnit Six How to See a Person’s Growthre are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process.ple have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified a asured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learn w language --- all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.y contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it rney and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rat attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences a xpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experie world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.rder to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take a risk, to confront the unkno to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of bein ential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take m nges and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our se imidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.se feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and growdo not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then se to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.人名言ducation in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknes hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional child wn in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citize atever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.eptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.③ For these children elop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.词与联想词cess----procession-------procedureernal------exterior--------internal-------interiorntify-------identification-------identicalmote----promotion----elevate----elevation---elevator---hoist---hinder---obstruction—obstacletrast-----------in contrast with/to--------contraryne--------definite--------definition-----infinite-------finitecifictude-------altitudeounter-------confronting--------------------unwillingential--------------crucial---------vital-----fundamentalceive-------------detect---------discernd--------------------------tendencyisiveid---------timidity-----cowardpt---------adaptation---------adjust------conforme-------------passive-----------activateid----------------avert--------escapese---------suspend--------------------halt----quit-------terminate-----terminalp-----pitll--------------------cannonrorjudice-----biaseptionalential--------------latentUnit Seven Netiquette (1)at is Netiquette? Simply stated, it’s network etiquette----that is, the etiquette of cyberspace. And “etiquet ans “the forms required by good breeding or prescribed by authority to be required in social or official li ther words, Netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online.When you enter any new culture you’re liable to commit a few social blunders. You might offend peohout meaning to. To make matters worse, something about cyberspace makes it easy to forget that you racting with other real people ---- not just ASCII characters on a screen, but live human characters.list of core rules below, and the explanations that follow, are offered here as a set of general guidelines erspace beh avior. They won’t answer all your Netiquette questions. But they should give you some ba nciples to use in solving your own Netiquette dilemmas.e 1: Remember the human.en you communicate electronically, all you see is a computer screen. You do n’t have the opportunity to al expressions, gestures, and tone of voice to communicate your meaning; words-----lonely writ rds-----are all you’ve got. And that goes for your correspondent as well.ironic, really. ②Computer networks bring people together who’d otherwise never meet. But ersonality of the medium changes that meeting to something less well, less personal. Humans exchang ail often behave the way some people behind the wheel of a car do: they curse at other drivers, m cene gestures, and generally behave like savages.message of Netiquette is that it’s not acceptable. Yes, use your network connections to express your ely, explore strange new worlds, and boldly go where you’ve never gone before. But rem ember the Pr ective of Netiquette: Those are real people out there.e 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life.y Kawasaki tells a story about getting email from some fellow he’s never met. Online, this fel low tells Guy t s a bad writer with nothing interesting to saybelievably rude? Yes, but unfortunately, it happens all the time in cyberspace.ybe it’s the awesome power of being able to send mail directly to a well-known writer like Guy. Maybe fact that you can’t see his face crumple in misery as he reads your crude words, whatever the reason,edibly common.y proposes a useful test for anything you’re about to post or mail: Ask yourself, “Would I say this to son’s face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. ③Repeat the process till feel sure that you’d fee mfortable saying these words to the live person as you do sending them through cyberspace.词与联想词uette--------------networkerspaceed-----------cultivatescribe--------prescriptionle--------------------------------liabilitynderend---------offense/offence---------------offensiveract-------intercoursenciple-------------------------formula--------------doctrinemmaturectron---------electronic----------electronicsrespond----------correspondence------correspondent------correspondingnic-----satire----------mock----------teasese-------swear----------oathceneage--------fierce--------------brutal-----------primitivelore---------exploration-------------expeditionmeere----------cling---------------glue----------------------paste--------------stickyter-----------writing-----author------masterpiece------classic-----classical----manuscriptesomempleery---------miserableediblepose----------------------proposalUnit Eight Netiquette (2)e 3: Respect other people’s time and bandwidth.ple today seem to have less time than ever before. When you send email or post to a discussion gro ’re taking up other people’s time (or hoping to). It’s your responsibility to ensure that the time they spe ding your posting isn’t wasted.word “bandwidth” is sometimes used synonymously with time, but it’s really a different thing. Bandwidt information-carrying capacity of the wires and channels that connect everyone in cyberspace. There’s a li he amount of data that any piece of wiring can carry at any given moment---even a up-to-date fiber-o le. The word “bandwidth” is also sometimes used to refer to the storage capacity of a host system.e 4: You not the center of cyberspace.resumably, this reminder will be superfluous to most readers. But I include it anyway, because when you rkin g hard on a project and deeply involved in it, it’s easy to forget that other people have concerns ot n yours. So don’t expect instant responses to all your questions, and don’t assume that all readers will ag h --- or care about ---your passionate arguments.e 5: Make yourself look good online.don’t want to give the impression that the net is a cold, cruel place full of people who just can’t wait to in h other. Networks---particularly discussion groups----let you reach out to peop le you’d otherwise never me won’t be judged by the color of your skin, eyes, or hair, your weight, your age, or your clothing.will, however, be judged by the quality of your writing. For most people who choose to communicate onl is an advantage; if they didn’t enjoy using the written word, they wouldn’t be there. So spelling a mmar do count.e 6: Share expert knowledge.ally, after all that negativity, some positive advice.strength of cyberspace is in its numbers. The reason asking questions online works is that a lot wledgeable people are reading the questions. And if even few of them offer intelligent answers, the s al of world knowledge increases. The Internet itself was founded and grew because scientists wanted to sh rmation. Gradually, the rest of us got in on the act.especially polite to share the results of your questions with others. When you anticipate that you’ll get a answers to a question, when you post a question to a discussion group that you don’t visit often, tomary to request replies by email instead of to the group. When you get all those responses, write u mmary and post it to the discussion group. That way, everyone benefits from the experts who took the ti write to you.词与联想词d----bandwidth-----width-----------breadth-------strapponsibility----------responsibleure-----------------synonym--------synonymousacity--------capablennel-----tunnel-------canalr-------------nylonic-------optical-----visual-------aural--------oralle-----------telegrapher----------------------------inferaget--------------hostesssume----------------------presumably---------assume-------assumptionerfluousject--------projectorsion---------passionateression-------------impress----------------impressiveult-------abuseantage-----gain/have an advantage over----take advantage of------advantageous---disadvantage mmar—noun—pronoun—verb—verbal—adjective—adverb—preposition—conjunction—singular—plural—phrase—idiom—clause—auxiliaryert----------expertiselligent-----------intelligencem----------sum updualcipate------expect—expectationtomary---------orthodoxmmary------summarize/summarise-----sketch-----------skeletonefit------------------beneficialUnit Nine Information is Poweruch a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicat ny of life’s problems which were solved by asking famil y members, friends or colleagues are beyond ability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine wh ert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.n addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War II. As families move away fr ir stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow rmation is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will stworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can off. Thus things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended fam st be consciously learned.dding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has m rmation available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to。