2017互联网外研社杯阅读大赛样卷
外研社国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题
外研社国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题在英语学习的过程中，阅读是一项至关重要的技能。
外研社国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题，作为一项旨在提高学生阅读能力的比赛，对于学生们来说具有重要意义。
今天，我们就来深入探讨一下外研社国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题，以及如何有效地利用这些样题来提高阅读能力。
让我们来了解一下外研社国才杯全国英语阅读大赛。
这是一项面向全国中小学生的英语阅读比赛，旨在提高学生的阅读能力和英语综合运用能力。
比赛的样题设计丰富多样，内容涵盖了各个年级的学科知识和语言要求，既考察了学生的词汇量和语法知识，也注重了学生的阅读理解能力和批判性思维能力。
参加这样的比赛对于学生来说是一次难得的锻炼机会，能够有效地提高他们的英语阅读水平和应试能力。
接下来，让我们来讨论一下如何有效地利用外研社国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题来提高阅读能力。
学生可以选择一些适合自己年级的样题进行练习。
通过仔细阅读和理解样题的内容，学生能够提高自己的阅读速度和阅读理解能力。
学生可以结合样题中的阅读材料进行词汇和语法的学习。
通过对样题中生词和句型的积累和掌握，学生能够提高自己的语言水平。
学生可以通过分析样题的答案解析来发现自己的阅读不足和错误，从而及时纠正和改进自己的阅读方式和答题技巧。
外研社国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题对于提高学生的英语阅读能力来说具有重要意义。
通过充分利用这些样题，学生能够有效地提高自己的阅读速度、阅读理解能力和语言水平。
我们鼓励学生们多多参加这样的比赛，并将比赛的样题作为提高自己英语阅读能力的重要练习材料。
在我看来，外研社国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题是一份宝贵的资源，它不仅可以帮助学生提高英语阅读能力，还可以激发学生对英语学习的兴趣和热情。
我们应该充分利用这些样题，并将其作为提高英语阅读能力的重要工具。
通过本文的深入探讨，我相信读者对外研社国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题有了更深入的了解。
希望大家能够充分利用这些样题，提高自己的英语阅读能力，取得更好的学习成绩。
全国英语阅读大赛题
“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”样题一、“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”比赛内容包含四个环节：PartⅠRead and Know（读以明己）PartⅡRead and Reason（读以察世）PartⅢ Read and Question（读以启思）PartⅣ Read and Create（读以言志）二、比赛样题仅为2015年阅读大赛赛题的内容和形式样例，并非完整试卷。
三、大赛的模拟赛、复赛和决赛都将包含样题的四个环节，但各环节的赛题内容和形式会根据不同阶段比赛有所变化。
四、大赛的初赛由参赛学校参考样题内容自行命题，组委会不做硬性规定。
五、“PartⅣ Read and Create（读以言志）”部分，组委会将在赛前公布大赛推荐阅读书单。
Part I Read and KnowIn this part, you will read some questions about your abilities or personalities. Read as fast as you can and choose the answer that you think best describes yourself.Are You Charismatic?Charisma is the magnetic power that attracts people to you. It won’t affect the quality of your work or provide you with wonderful original ideas, but it remains one of the most vital talents if you want to make it b ig in life. If people who don’t even understand what you’re talking about believe that you are a genius, you will have made it. The following test will decide whether you’ve got what it takes.1) Do people find themselves attracted to you?A. Yes, it can be embarrassing sometimes.B. No, no more than other people.C. I suppose they do a bit.2) Do you find that people agree with you regardless of the quality of your arguments?A. No, never.B. Not that often.C. All the time.3) Would you find it easy to attract followers?A. No, not at all.B. Not very easy.C. Yes, it’s really no problem.4) Do you find casual acquaintances open up and tell you their life stories in intimate detail?A. Occasionally.B. Never.C. Happens all the time. Sometimes I just can’t get away....Part II Read and ReasonIn this part, you will read texts of different forms and genres. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on your comprehension, analysis and inferences of the texts.1. Among the four statements below, one statement is the main point, and the other three are specific support for the point. Identify the main point with P and the specific support with S.___A. Hungry bears searching for food often threaten hikers.___B. Hiking on that mountain trail can be very dangerous.___C. Severe weather develops quickly, leaving hikers exposed to storms and cold.___D. When it rains, the trail, which is very steep at some points, becomes slippery.2. Read the following cartoon. Put a tick by the three statements that are most logically based on the information suggested by the cartoon.___A. Lucy has just criticized the boy, Linus.___B. Linus feels Lucy’s criticism is valid.___C. Lucy feels very guilty that Linus has taken her criticism badly.___D. Lucy doesn’t seem to realize that people may accept constructive criticism but reject destructive criticism.___E. The cartoonist believes we should never criticize others.___F. The cartoonist believes it’s best to criticize others in a constructive way.3. Read an extract of an advertisement. Choose the answer which you think fits each question best according to the text.Young Environmental Journalist CompetitionHow to Enter:☆If you’re aged 16-25, we’re looking for original articles of 1,000 words (or less) with an environmental or conservation theme. The closing date for entries is 30 December, 2015.☆ Your article should show proof of investigative research, rather than relying solely on information from the Internet and phone interviews. You don’t have to go far. A report on pollution in a local stream would be as valid as a piece about the remotest rain forest.☆ Your article should show you are passionate and knowledgeable about environmental issues. It should also be objective and accurate, while being creative enough to hold the reader’s interest. We are not looking for “think pieces” or opinion columns.☆ Your aim should be to advance understanding and awareness of environmental issues. You should be able to convey complex ideas of readers of this general interest magazine in an engaging and authoritative manner.☆Facts or information contained in short-listed articles will be checked.☆ Read the rules carefully.1) Before entering for the competition, young people must have_______.A. conducted some relevant research in their local areaB. gained a qualification in experimental researchC. uncovered some of the evidence in the research by themselvesD. consulted a number of specialists on the subject under research2) The articles submitted must_______.A. focus on straightforward conceptsB. include a range of viewsC. be accessible to non-specialistD. reveal the writer’s standpoint4.Read the passage below. Then choose the best answer to each question that follows.(1) Johnny Appleseed, one of the gentlest and most beloved of American folk heroes, was born in 1774in Leominster, Massachusetts. (2) His real name was John Chapman. (3) Chapman’s early life was full of misfortune. (4) First, his father left home to fight in the Revolutionary War. (5) Then John’s mother and baby brother died before John’s second birthday. (6) However, John’s fortunes improved when his father returned and remarried, and by the time John was in his teens, he had ten brothers and sisters.(7) As a young man, John began traveling west on foot, stopping to clear land and plant the apple seeds he always carried with him. (8) Settlers who followed John’s path were delighte d to find young apple orchards dotting the landscape.(9) John was a friendly fellow who often stopped to visit with families along his way, entertaining them with stories of his travels. (10) Tales of his exploits followed him through Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana. (11) Many of the stories were true. (12) For instance, John really did travel barefoot through the snow, lived on the friendliest of terms with Indian tribes, and refused to shoot any animal. (13) Other tales about John, however, were exaggerations. (14) Settlers said, for example, that he slept in the treetops and talked to the birds or that he had once been carried off by a giant eagle. (15) Johnny Appleseed never stopped traveling until his death in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1845.1) Sentence 1 is a statement of_______.A. factB. opinionC. fact and opinion2) The details in sentences 4 and 5 support the point or points in _______.A. sentence 1B. sentence 2C. sentence 3D. sentence 63) The relationship between sentences 3 and 6 is one of _______.A. contrastB. additionC. cause and effectD. comparison4) We can conclude that Johnny Appleseed _______.A. provided apples for numerous settlersB. was quickly forgotten by the settlersC. grew wealthy by selling his apple treesD. left home because of problems with his family5) The passage suggests that Johnny Appleseed _______.A. grew weary of travelingB. had great respect for other people and animalsC. lived a very short but rich lifeD. planted many trees other than apple trees6) The tone of the passage is _______.A. pessimisticB. bitter and impassionedC. amused and excitedD. straightforward with a touch of admiration7) Which is the most appropriate title for this selection?A. The Planting of American Apple OrchardsB. Folk Heroes of AmericaC. Settlers Recall Johnny AppleseedD. The Life and Legend of John Chapman5.Read the passage below. Then choose the best answer to each question that follows.(1) Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizens’ patterns of response to politics. (2) By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. (3) By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizens’ focus on cha racter rather than issues.(4)Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. (5) The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. (6) The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10-second “sound bite” in broadcast news. (7) Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.(8) In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. (9) In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. (10) In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.(11) Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it requires a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. (12) Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. (13) Schools teach us to analyze words and print. (14) However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.(15)Rec ognizing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, calledpseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. (16) Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. (17) Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.1) What is the main idea of the passage?A. Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issue because of television coverage.B. Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.C. Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the introduction of television.D. Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.2) The word “disseminated” in sentence 1 is closest in meaning to_______.A. analyzedB. discussedC. spreadD. stored3) It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties _______.A. had more influence over the selection of political candidatesB. spent more money to promote their political candidatesC. attracted more membersD. received more money4) The author mentions the “stump speech” in sentence 6 as an example of _______.A. an event created by politicians to attract media attentionB. an interactive discussion between two politiciansC. a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth centuryD. a style of speech common to televised political events5) The word “that” in sentence 7 refers to _______.A. audienceB. broadcast newsC. politicianD. advertisement6) According to the passage, as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse was more successful at _______.A. allowing news coverage of political candidatesB. placing political issues within a historical contextC. making politics seem more intimate to citizensD. providing detailed information about a candidate’s private behavior7) The author states that “politicians assert but do not argue” in sentence 9 in order to suggest that politicians _______.A. make claims without providing reasons for the claimsB. take stronger positions on issues than in the pastC. enjoy explaining the issue to broadcastersD. dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens8) The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that_______.A. politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizensB. politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are less attractiveC. citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who did notD. citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better informed9) Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A. Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.B. Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.C. Citizens today are less informed about a politician’s character than in the past.D. Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.Part III Read and QuestionIn this part, you will read about related or contradictory views on a variety of issues. You will be required to identify the writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments.Read the following two passages and answer the questions.Passage AWhile On the origin of Species created a great stir when it was published in 1859, Darwinian thought was almost completely out of vogue by the turn of the twentieth century. It took Ronald Fisher’s “Great Synthesis” of the 1920s, which combined the genetic work of Gregor Mendel with Darwin’s ideas about natural selection, and Theodosius Dobzhansky’s “Modern Synthesis” of the 1930s, which was built upon Fisher’s work with genetics within a species by focusing on how genetic variation could cause the origin of a new species, to begin to rehabilitate Darwin.Yet, what is remarkable is how very prescient Darwin, working without knowledge of the mechanisms of heredity, proved to be. As prominent biologist Ernst Mayr notes, what made Darwinian theory so remarkable was his emphasis on “population thinking”. This contrasts to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’stheory of evolution, popular throughout the nineteenth century, which posited that individuals changed personal actions and will. Lamarckian theory is often exemplified by a giraffe constantly reaching up to eat leaves off high branches and passing on its lengthened neck to its children.Such e xplanations bore a strong resemblance to children’s fables (and indeed Rudyard Kipling’s late-nineteenth-century Just So Stories was built upon Lamarckian theories). Where Darwin differed was his insistence that significant variation was not based within one particular individual, but rather in the breeding population as a whole. Natural selection was not based on the actions or goals of one individual, but variations in the average character of the species.Passage BAs Peter Bowler points out in his aptly named The Non-Darwinian Revolution: Reinterpreting a Historical Myth, nineteenth-century Darwinism was quite different from the Darwinism of today. Thomas Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog”, so called because of his tireless public campaigning for Darwinian thought, exemplifies this difference. As a result of his advocacy, by the end of the nineteenth century Huxley was the vehicle for Darwinian thought. Noted science fiction writer H. G. Wells, for instance, garnered all of his information about natural selection and evolution through Huxley’s lectures. Yet Huxley’s theory varied significantly from th at of Darwin, focusing on the will of humankind.In the preface to Evolution and Ethics, Huxley wrote that “We cannot do without our inheritance from the forefathers who were the puppets of the cosmic process; the society which renounces it must be destroyed from without. Still less can we do with too much of it; the society in which it dominates must be destroyed from within.” According to Huxley, humankind has move d past physical evolution to the realm of self-directed moral evolution. Huxley, then, acknowledges that humankind has evolved under the pressure of natural selection and must remain aware of the fact or be “destroyed from without”, but he argues that a so ciety that continues in the path that Nature has placed it will be “destroyed from within” because it will no longer be adapted to itself.1) Based on the information in the passage, Rudyard Kipling most likely wrote stories ______.A. dedicated to enlightening humans by using animals as positive examples of proper behaviorB. based on futuristic worlds which were populated by evolved subjectsC. featuring individuals developing variation through the power of their desiresD. seeking to exhibit the effects of population thinking in breeding populationsE. portraying the effects of parental inheritance through examining the lives of children2) Which of the following best represents Huxley’s beliefs?A. Focusing on physical evolution leaves man as nothing more than a “puppet” of forces beyond his control; to succeed in life it is necessary to reject physical evolution in favor of moral change.B. The ideas of Charles Darwin needed to be carefully delineated through lectures so that his ideas about individual variation could be fully understood.C. By exerting personal will, humankind will be able to enact significant, lasting variation which will be demonstrated through the bodies of the children of those who seek change.D. While humankind is inescapably linked to its physical past and the material conditions of its evolution, it must be wary of being too attached to the path dictated by natural selection.E. Certain elements of Darwin’s theory about evolution had to be disc arded so that the public would be willing to accept the thrust of the theory as a whole.3) Which of the following would the authors of Passage A and Passage B mostly likely agree to be most closely aligned in their thinking?A. Lamarck and Huxley.B. Kipling and Wells.C. Mayr and Bowler.D. Mendel and Huxley.E. Dobzhansky and Wells.4) Which of the following statements about Darwin is supported by both passages?A. Darwin differed significantly from other theorists of evolution because he focused on breeding populations as a whole.B. The modern understanding of Darwin varies significantly from nineteenth-century beliefs about his theories.C. It was not until the early twentieth century that Darwinism as we know it began to emerge.D. Fiction writers were particularly interested in disseminating ideas about Darwin.E. Delineating the specific inheritance of the child is crucial to understanding how natural selection proceeds.5) Which of the following best represents the difference between the two passages?A. The first passage begins with current understandings of Darwinism and moves back in time, while the second passage begins with older understanding and moves forward in time.B. While the first passage focuses on the difference between two theories of evolution, the second paragraph traces differences between two individual interpreters of evolution.C. The first passage introduces a general theory, offers specific evidence, and then considers the ramifications of that theory, while the second passage does not consider the ramifications of the evidence it represents.D. The first passage is concerned with demonstrating a way in which Darwin is closely linked with modern thinkers, while the second passage is focused on how he differed from one of his contemporaries.E. The first passage provides a historical retrospective of the primary interpreters of Darwin, and the second passage centers on one particular interpreter.6) Based on the information in Passage B, which of the following claims in Passage A would Thomas Huxley be most likely to object to?A. It is impossible to truly understand natural selection without the benefit of modern genetic theory.B. It is likely that the giraffe developed a long neck due to the fact that it constantly stretched it to gain access to food.C. There are different ways to understand how evolution functions to change individuals.D. Variations in the average character of a population are the most crucial factor in the proper evolution of man.E. Allowing natural selection to dominate our society will lead to the destruction of humankind.7) Which of the following situations is most closely analogous to the Lamarckian mode of variation?A. An adult bird tries to change the environment for the benefit of its children.B. Seeking to morally adapt to its environment, a chimpanzee changes the way it woos its mate.C. A giraffe’s bodily shape changes because it is unable to fit into the caves it traditionally sleeps in.D. Because of a change in the environment, a number of chimpanzees die out while others thrive and pass on their genes.E. Because it hunts for salmon with its mouth wide open, a bear gradually develops a straining mechanism between its teeth.Part IVRead and CreateIn this part, you will be required to write a short essay on a given topic based on your general reading. You should write with clarity, logic and creativity.1.Write an essay of about 200 words on one of the following topics.1) Hamlet is characterized by his melancholic mood and delay in action. Give a character analysis of Hamlet and list the possible reasons for his melancholy and delay.2) A Tale of Two Cities can be regarded as a historical novel, a moral novel and a novel strongly concerned with themes of resurrection, redemption and patriotism, as well as of guilt, shame and love. What is your understanding of the themes of the novel?2.Read the essay below. Answer one of the following questions by writing an essay of about 200 words.Of StudiesStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time instudies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.1)We are now living in the age of “information explosion”. What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s “Of Studies” to access information”2)In what sense does reading make a full man?。
外研社·国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题(附答案)
Part I Read and KnowIn Part I,you will read short texts of various kinds.Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions.(Suggested completion time:20minutes)Questions1-3(Suggested completion time:3minutes)Directions:Read the following quotes.Match the quotes with the people.Please note there are two extra options you do not need.Question4(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards,laboratories and consulting rooms.In short,we need your help plete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4.Where is the piece of text taken from?A.an advertisementB.an instruction bookletC.a storyD.a newspaperQuestion5(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists,and their impact is often devastating.Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5.What is the best title for this text?A.The Future of TourismB.The Role of TourismC.The Price of TourismD.The Benefits of TourismQuestion6(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With E-book sales increasing by more than300%for the second year,publishers delivering new revenue streams through E-book Apps,and academic publishers long having derived some90%of their revenue online,it is a travesty to describe all this as the publishing world being"in denial"about digital.6.What is the main idea of this text?A.Publishers are making profits from E-book sales.B.Not all publishers are threatened by digital storms.C.E-books become a main source of revenue for publishers.D.Traditional publishing industry is dying out.Question7(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency,the holiday you book is the holiday you get.If you arrive and find we've failed to live up to our promises,let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival.We'll spend24hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out.In the unlikely event that we can't resolve your problem and make you happy within24hours,we'll fly you home and give your money back.7.The text could best be described as__________.A.a commitmentB.an appealC.a warningD.a vowQuestion8(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use.They let you review your pictures the moment you take them,so you can re-shoot right away if you're not satisfied.But remember,a digital camera is just a computer XXXX.It's not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8.What is the meaning of the missing word XXXX in the text?A."something that is poor quality"B."an item that is not essential,something extra"C."something expensive but good value for money"D."a fashion which always remains popular"Question9(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone,but the children were to go to the station to meet her.And loving the station as they did,it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother's train arriving,even if the train were punctual,which was most unlikely.9.What can you say about their mother's train?A.It would probably be early.B.It would probably be on time.C.It would probably be late.D.It had been cancelled.Question10(Suggested completion time:5minutes)Directions:The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions,from1990-1992to2014-2016.Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source:The Millennium Development Goals(MDG)Report201510.Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A.The latest estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not have enough to eat between2014and2016.B.Projections indicate that the2015MDG target is nearly reached,with12.9per cent of undernourished population.C.The situation noticeably improved during the years1995-1999,but went down in the first five years of the new millennium.D.The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half since1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II,you will read short texts on different subjects.Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Suggested completion time:55minutes)Question11(Suggested completion time:4minutes)Directions:Read the following definition of a logical fallacy.Answer the question according to the definition.11.Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A.That's my stance on funding the education system,and anyone who disagrees with me hates children.B.You are so weird.That means—we are pretty much sure—that your whole family is weird,too.C.God exists because the Bible says so.The Bible is inspired.Therefore,we know that God exists.D.I don't care what you say.We don't need any more bookshelves.As long as the carpet is clean,we are fine.Question12(Suggested completion time:4minutes)Directions:Look at the following picture and then answer the question.12.Which of the following logical fallacies does the picture illustrate?A.False Dilemma:an argument that presents a limited set of two possible categories and assumes that everything in the scope of the discussion must be an element of that setB.Guilt by Association:a fallacy used to discredit an argument for proposing an idea that is shared by some socially demonized individual or groupC.No True Scotsman:an argument coming up after someone has made a general claim about a group of things and then been presented with evidence challenging that claimD.Hasty Generalization:a fallacy committed when one forms a conclusion from a sample that is either too small or too special to be representativeQuestions13-14Reasoning(Suggested completion time:10minutes)13.Many people report that exposure to certain foods and drinks such as cheese, chocolate,and red wine,is associated with the onset of migraine headaches.Other people report that exposure to certain smells(especially strong perfumes)seems to trigger a migraine headache,and some note that exposure to bright and flickering lights can be followed by a migraine.It would seem that a person with a tendency to get migraines should try to find out which of these situations is associated with the onset of the headache and then avoid this stimulus.All of the following,if true,would make the above recommendation impractical except:A.The time delay between the trigger and the onset of the headache can make it exceptionally difficult to identify the trigger.B.The presence of a known trigger doesn't always cause a migraine.C.In a high proportion of cases the patients report multiple triggers for their headaches.D.Most of the known triggers are common and almost unavoidable features of modern life.14.Richard:The national budget should provide significant increases in alllevels of education in the upcoming year.Natalie:That's not fair.A reduction in defense spending in peacetime maybring us excessive risks.We can't afford it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie's argument?A.Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B.Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C.The size of the military budget reflects a state's ability to fund educational activities.pared with military spending,investing in education will create a financial crisis.Questions15-17(Suggested completion time:6minutes)Directions:Read the text about a science discovery.Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable.Our recollections fade and take on new meanings; sometimes we remember things that never even happened.But15.Recently,however,scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memory's physical st year,in work evocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception,researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics,a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals' brains by zapping them with beams of laser light.In a series of experiments,they showed that they could delete existing memories and"incept"false ones.This year,researchers went even further:switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa.Under the laser,for example,male mice that had once associated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear.Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people.Long-sought therapeutic advances,such as treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder,could remain far off.One thing is certain, however:Once considered beyond scientific dissection,memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15.Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the text?A.what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB.scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to themC.advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD.some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not what it really is16.The word"incept"is closest in meaning to________.A.operateB.startC.detectD.occupy17.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A.People's false memories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by later experience on the same spot.B.The success in research indicates that it won't be long that a therapy is worked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C.By zapping the brain cells of mice with light,researchers are able to create,erase,or alter their memories,good or bad.D.Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions18-19(Suggested completion time:4minutes)Directions:Read the text about cholera.Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine.Approximately one in20 people infected with cholera has a serious case,with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting,and leg cramps.These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock,and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn't receive treatment.Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water.In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water,the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly,resulting in an epidemic.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters,so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18.Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True()False()19.Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food isa major source of the disease.True()False()Questions20-21(Suggested completion time:5minutes)Directions:Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website.Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors:K.M.Hermann,T.Kočiský,E.Grefenstette,L.Espeholt,W.Kay,M. Suleyman,P.BlunsomPublished:NIPS2015Abstract:Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge.Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen,but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation.In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data.This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20.Previous studies didn't take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines,which was why the present research was conducted.True()False()21.One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensable to artificial intelligence related studies.True()False()Questions22-23(Suggested completion time:6minutes)Directions:Read the text about the"Think small"advertising campaign.Answer the questions according to the text.Think SmallI f you're interested in marketing and advertising,Volkswagen's"Think small"campaign for the Beetle when it was first introduced to North America in1959looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaigns of all time.It wasn't just a revolution in automotive advertising;it changed the entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market,automotive marketing copy was full of bluster,and the images were flights of fancy,emphasizing low,long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean,simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle's compact,practical form may seem commonplace these days,but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars,horsepower,and tire smoke. Making the car small,when the convention was to make it fill the page,was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.____22_____The text was minimalist in both look and content,presenting the facts simply instead of trying to weave tall tales and fantasies;and instead of bluster,it ushered in an intelligent sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke.The message was one of smart anti-luxury,and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling,rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does"Think small"continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day,it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever."Think small"showed the power of humor and honesty,and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22.Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the text?A.What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy.B.This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad.C.This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on the product itself.D.The car wasn't depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middle class family.23.It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the1950s were reflected in the following except that___________.A.The ads in the1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evoking great joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B.The marketing concept then focused on providing as much information as possible to the reader such as the way it's created.C.The marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of living from average consumers'perspective.D.The marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought by the use of exaggerated language.Questions24-25(Suggested completion time:4minutes)Directions:Read the following six remarks concerning the crowd.Four of them are taken from Gustave Le Bon's book,The Crowd:A Study of the Popular Mind.Choose the two remarks that may NOT be taken from the book.24-25._______The CrowdA.In crowds it is stupidity and not mother wit that is accumulated.B.Crowds most envy the lonely man who walks confidently as if he is walking with the great crowds!C.A crowd is not merely impulsive and mobile.Like a savage,it is not prepared to admit that anything can come between its desire and the realization of its desire.D.I walked with them,as crowds have that effect on me,I want to do what they do,to journey towards some point of revelation,which of course never comes.E.Crowds,being incapable both of reflection and of reasoning,are devoid of the notion of improbability;and it is to be noted that in a general way it is the most improbable things that are the most striking.F.…the individual forming part of a crowd acquires,solely from numerical considerations,a sentiment of invincible power which allows him to yield to instincts which,had he been alone,he would perforce have kept under restraint.Questions26-28(Suggested completion time:5minutes)Directions:Read the text about a fly.Answer the questions according to the text.The FlyAt that moment the boss noticed that a fly had fallen into his broad inkpot,and was trying feebly but desperately to clamber out again."Help!Help!"said those struggling legs.But the sides of the inkpot were wet and slippery;it fell back again and began to swim.The boss took up a pen,picked the fly out of the ink,and shook it on to a piece ofblotting-paper.For a fraction of a second it lay still on the dark patch that oozed round it. Then the front legs waved,took hold,and,pulling its small,sodden body up,it began the immense task of cleaning the ink from its wings.Over and under,over and under,went a leg along a wing,as the stone goes over and under the scythe.Then there was a pause, while the fly,seeming to stand on the tips of its toes,tried to expand first one wing and then the other.It succeeded at last,and,sitting down,it began,like a minute cat,to clean its face.Now one could imagine that the little front legs rubbed against each other lightly, joyfully.27.26.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A.The boss saved the fly out of his broad inkpot.B.The fly was trapped by the thick ink on its wings.C.The passage describes how a fly survived an accident.D.The passage shows how a fly conquered a challenge.27.Which of the following statement can best fit in the numbered space?A.The horrible danger was over;it had escaped;it was ready for life again.B.The boss was relieved now,reassured that the fly had been out of danger.C.But the front legs waved,caught hold,and,more slowly this time,the task restarted.D.But such a grinding feeling of wretchedness seized him that he felt positively frightened.28.The tone of the text can be described as a complex mixture of anything but_______.A.sympatheticB.humorousC.cheerfulD.depressingQuestions29-30(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the text about Chaco Culture.Answer the questions according to the text.The"Chaco Culture",as modern-day archaeologists call it,flourished between roughly the9th and13th centuries A.D.and was centered at Chaco Canyon in what is now New Mexico.The people of the Chaco Culture built immense structures that at times encompassed more than500rooms.They also participated in long-distance trade that brought cacao, macaws(a type of parrot),turquoise and copper to Chaco Canyon.29_______,researchers have to rely on the artifacts and structures they left behind,as well as oral accounts that have been passed on through generations,to reconstruct what their lives were like.Archaeologists generally agree that Chaco Canyon was the center of Chaco Culture. Today the canyon is a national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The National Park Service estimates that there are about4,000archaeological sites in the park, including more than a dozen immense structures that archaeologists sometimes call "Great Houses".Archaeological research has revealed many discoveries,including a system of roads that connected many Chaco Culture sites,and evidence of astronomical alignments that indicate that some Chaco Culture structures were oriented toward the solstice sun and lunar standstills.“There has been more archaeological research conducted in Chaco and on the subject of Chaco than on any other prehistoric district in North America,”says a National Park Service statement posted on Chaco Culture National Historical Park's website."Today,twenty Puebloan groups in New Mexico,as well as the Hopi in Arizona, claim Chaco as their ancestral homeland and are tied to this place through oral traditions and clan lineages.A number of Navajo clans are also affiliated with Chacoan sites through their traditional stories,"the National Park Service statement says.Despite the fact that there has been an immense amount of archaeological research carried out at Chaco Canyon,and at other Chaco Culture sites in the American Southwest, modern-day archaeologists disagree over what the people of the Chaco Culture were like.Some archaeologists think that the people of the Chaco Culture were not politically united,while some think they controlled an empire centered on Chaco Canyon."Whatwas Chaco?Opinions vary widely,perhaps wildly.Interpretations range from a valley of peaceful farming villages to the monumental capital of an empire,"wrote Stephen Lekson, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder,in an article published in the book The Architecture of Chaco Canyon,New Mexico(University of Utah Press,2007).Lekson noted that there are different interpretations among archaeologists as to what the Great Houses were.Some archaeologists believe that they were villages inhabited by thousands of people,while others think that they were elite residences that housed a small number of residents.29.Which of the following best fits in the numbered space in the text?A.The people of the Chaco Culture did not use a writing system and as suchB.While archaeologists are not certain what caused this dramatic population bumpC.When thinking about archaeological sites,we tend to think of them as dead silentD.Since Chaco's national monument status may not protect it from development pressures30.Which of the following statements can we know from the text?A.The people of the Chaco culture were good at foreign trade.B."Great Houses"were built from approximately the9th to13thcentury A.D.C.Most descendants of ancient Chaco people live in New Mexico now.D.Archaeologists hold different ideas about how the people of the Chaco Culture lived. Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III,you will read passages on the same subject.You will be required to identify the writer's position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer's arguments.(Suggested completion time:35minutes)Questions31-40(Suggested completion time:35minutes)Directions:Read three passages about fashion.Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt's not that easy to answer the question,"what is fashion?"because it means different things to different people.Fashion is an art.It's a religion.It's a job.It's a peek into a personality.It's playfulness.It's an escape or a disguise.It is a feast for the eyes.But ultimately,32.French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said,"Fashion is notsomething that exists in dresses only.Fashion is in the sky,in the street,fashion has to do with ideas,the way we live,what is happening."It's true.Fashion isn't defined solely by our clothing choices,but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves,our personalities and our views of the world.At its most fundamental,fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom,as in dress or behavior. So,who exactly answers the question"what is fashion"?Who decides what's fashionable and what isn't?What's in or what's out?Fashion Designers.The iconic fashion houses—Prada,Gucci,Chanel—are referred to as haute couture,French for"high sewing".These designers lead the way in creatingtrend-setting fashion.While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear,generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media.Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages."Sex and the City","The Devil Wears Prada",these shows introduced us to new,cutting-edge designs.While you might not be caught dead wearing a Carrie Bradshaw original,you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation.Celebrities.A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend?UGGs.Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A.several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots.Now they are everywhere. Musicians.Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion.Rock'n'roll is fashion.Elvis is an iconic example.In the1950s,everyone wanted to dress like Elvis.What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison,Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big,rocker hair.Just because you don't know if a Prada bag is fall2007or spring2008doesn't matter.All that matters is that you like it and it's an expression of you.That is fashion.Passage B[A]Fashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities.The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society.Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course.[B]Our standards of judgment have also changed.Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry,his character or his genuine accomplishments.The clothes a man wears,the language he speaks,the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity,patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress,speech and manners,he will assure himself a high social esteem.[C]Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it.Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure.They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion.Maclver writes:We do notthink of fashion in overalls;there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis.There is no fashion in steam shovels.[D]Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn,I assumed the days of Nike shorts,comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion,in and of itself,is already a type of conformism.In order to be considered fashion,a look,a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable?While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision,the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column,I came across the Prada website.What I discovered literally caused me to gasp.Of course,everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand—a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me:a keychain priced at$180.No,this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds.It was simply a keychain:a skull with the word"Prada"on a small charm.How can a company charge$180for a keychain?The answer:people are willing to pay for it.People know the brand and conform to the idea of owning a piece of such an Italian "luxury".This is nonsensical.Why do we choose to wear miniscule shorts in frigid weather or spend nearly$200on a charm?Such decisions are influenced by peers,the media and the personal resolution to not make rational,individualistic choices.We cling to the idea of acceptance.In short,we often choose to abide by the pressures of social conventionality,and this leads us to make ridiculous selections—pairing Ugg boots with shorts or wearing neon with camouflage—which we would otherwise not make.I am certainly shamefaced in my occasional conformity to these ludicrous fashion folkways.I am guilty of donning Crocs in public.Yikes!Transient,often preposterous trends referred to as fads inspire some rather strange ideas. Who can recall the pet rocks of the'70s or Popples of the'80s?Such pop trends are not confined to behavior;they bleed into the fashion world,evidenced in overly distressed jeans,the most painful of neon shades,shoes that resemble Swiss cheese and a host of other fads I do not have the space to mention.I refuse to give up hope for societal common sense.One day we will comprehend that shorts are for the summer and ridiculously expensive keychains are for“never.”Do not allow others to dictate for you.Be bold.Be an individual.Do not buy the keychain.31.The phrase"might not be caught dead"in Passage A most probably means______.A.would rather not die anywayB.might not be caught red handed。
“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题05140精编版
2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 22 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes on the left with the people on the right. Please note there are two extra options you do not need to use.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestions 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The future of tourismB. The role of tourismC. The price of tourismD. The benefits of tourismQuestions 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Buying and selling anything is your forte now. If you visit a jumble or car-boot sale or the like, a romantic encounter is more than probable! News linked to the family is brilliant!6. What type of text is this?A. A personal advertisement.B. A personal horoscope.C. A friend’s letter of advice.D. A written warning.Questions 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we’ve failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival. We’ll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can’t resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we’ll fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as __________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you’re not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It’s not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word (XXXX) in the text?A. “something that is poor quality”B. “an item that is not essential, something extra”C. “something expensive but good value for money”D. “a fashion which always remains popular”Questions 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother’s train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother’s train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990¬1992 to 2014¬2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A.Current estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not haveenough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B.Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9per cent of undernourished population.C.The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but wentdown in the first five years of the new millennium.D.The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions hasfallen by almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 38 minutes)Question 11-12 (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)Directions: Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy. Answer the11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A. That’s my stance on funding the education system, and anyone whodisagrees with me hates children.B. You are so weird. That means—we are pretty much sure—that your wholefamily is weird, too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, weknow that God exists.D. I don’t care what you say. We don’t need any more bookshelves. As long asthe carpet is clean, we are fine.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of a false dilemma?A. Smoking is harmful to health, so you are supposed to quit smoking.B. If the government doesn’t reduce public spending, our economy will collapse.C. You may as well avoid overeating, or else you might be obese in no time.D. You are the worst of the classmates; therefore, what you say is incredible. Questions 13 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about syllogism. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of syllogism.Syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. It is perha ps today’s most commonly accepted form of logical reasoning in aptitude tests. The most commonly used type of syllogisms is elucidated in a frequently used example:Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise 2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.Now practice syllogisms for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth” always.13. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: All human action is conditioned by circumstances.Premise 2: All human action involves morality.Conclusion: All that involves morality is conditioned by circumstances. Questions 14 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about contraposition. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of contraposition.In logic, contraposition is a law that says that a conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive. The contrapositive of the statement has its antecedent and consequent inverted and flipped. The most commonly used type of contraposition is elucidated in the following example:Premise 1: If it is raining, then there are clouds in the sky.Premise 2: There are no clouds in the sky.Conclusion: It is not raining.Now practice contraposition for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth” always.14. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: If he is not an American, he is not from Texas.Premise 2: He is from Texas.Conclusion: He is an American.Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fadeand take on new meanings; sometimes we rememberthings that never even happened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp andtinker with memory’s physical basis. Last year, i n workevocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the SpotlessMind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals’ brains by zapping t hem with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing memories and “incept” false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had once associated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remainsmysteriousB.scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what havehappened to themC.advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of ourbrainD.some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is notwhat it really is16. The word “incept” is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.People’s false memories result from the impact of different emotionprovoked by later experience on the same spot.B.The success in research indicates that it won’t be long that a therapy isworked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C.By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create,erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D.Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on themactually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following passage about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the passage.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn’t receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Kočiský, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20. Previous studies didn’t take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensible to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about the “Think small” advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the passage.Think SmallI f you’re interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen’s “Think small” campaign for the Beetle when it was first introduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasn’t just a revolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy was full of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle’s compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars,horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small,when the convention was to make it fill the page, wasalso novel. The simplistic approach to design andlayout was totally contrary to the advertisingconventions of the time.__ 22__ The text was minimalist in both look andcontent, presenting the facts simply instead of tryingto weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead ofbluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humorthat made readers feel like they were in on the joke.The message was one of smart anti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does “Think small” continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. “Think small” showed the power of humo r and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of itscopy.B.This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in acar ad.C.This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on theproduct itself.D.The car wasn’t depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middleclass family.23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A.the ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengersevoking great joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B.the marketing concept then focused on providing as much information aspossible to the reader such as the way it’s created.C.the marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea ora way of living from average consumers’ perspective.D.the marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humorbrought by the use of exaggerated language.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-35 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt’s not that easy to answer the question, “what is fashion?” because it means different things to different people. Fashion is an art. It’s a religion. It’s a job. It’s a peek into a personality. It’s playfulness. It’s an escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 25 . French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, “Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening.”It’s true. Fashion isn’t defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question “what is fashion”? Who decides what’s fashionable and what isn’t? What’s in or what’s out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as haute couture, French for “high sewing.” These designers lead the way in creating trend-setting fashion. While some of their designs are outrageous andcompletely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages. “Sex and the City,” “The Devil Wears Prada,” these shows introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing a Carrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation. Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock ‘n’ roll is fashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis. What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don’t know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn’t matter. All that matters is that you like it and it’s an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage BFashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course. The modern society is more tolerant of differences and therefore places few shackles on the cycle of fashion. Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assure himself a high social esteem. Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels. Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nike shorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look, a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website. What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand—a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word “Prada” on a small charm.How can a company charge $180 for a keychain? The answer: people are willing to pay for it. People know the brand and conform to the idea of owning a piece of such an Italian “luxury.”This is nonsensical. Why do we choose to wear miniscule shorts in frigid weather or spend nearly $200 on a charm? Such decisions are influenced by peers, the media and the personal resolution to not make rational, individualistic choices. We cling to the idea of acceptance.In short, we often choose to abide by the pressures of social conventionality, and this leads us to make ridiculous selections—pairing Ugg boots with shorts or wearing neon with camouflage—which we would otherwise not make.I am certainly shamefaced in my occasional conformity to these ludicrous fashion folkways. I am guilty of donning Crocs in public. Yikes!Transient, often preposterous trends referred to as fads inspire some rather strange ideas. Who can recall the pet rocks of the ‘70s or Popples of the ‘80s? Such pop trends are not confined to behavior; they bleed into the fashion world, evidenced in overly distressed jeans, the most painful of neon shades, shoes that resemble Swiss cheese and a host of other fads I do not have the space to mention.I refuse to give up hope for societal common sense.One day we will comprehend that shorts are for the summer and ridiculously expensive keychains are for “never.” Do not allow others to dictate for you. Be bold. Be an individual. Do not buy the keychain.24. The phrase “might not be caught dead” in Passage A most probably means ______.A.would rather not die anywayB.might not be caught red handedC.would refuse completely to do somethingD.might be uneasy though doing something25. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in Passage A?A.fashion is an individual statement of expression for each of usB.fashion facilitates social change by providing a transitional stageC.fashion is not an individual choice but a group choiceD.fashion determines our speech, opinion, dress, music, art, etc.26. It can be inferred from Passage A that fashion designers, media, celebrities and musicians share the following views except ______.A.that fashion is anything but separated from the daily life of ordinarypeople.B.that nothing completely absurd and unrealistic can finally becomefashion.C.that fashion is what society accepts and has an element of social sanctionbehind it.D.tha t if a particular choice remains confined to an individual it can’t becalled fashion.27. The word “affluence” in Passage B is closest in meaning to ______.A. versatilityB. wealthinessC. peculiarityD. charisma28. According to Passage B, which of the following attributes may probably be more important than others for an individual to be favorably received now?A. A wide range of erudition.B. Loyalty to his or her friends.C. A passion for popular novels.D. Good virtues such as honesty.29. Which of the following is NOT true about the author’s attitude towards fashion according to Passage C?A.The author thinks it a waste of time mentioning a list of examples ofirrational fads.B.People are mad about fashion and therefore lose their own goodjudgment.C.The author never allows himself to be carried away by the fashion trends.D.Behind the behavior of keeping up with fashion is a need to stay in thecrowd.E.30-31. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the three passages.30. All the three passages agree that fashion plays a role in the interplay of class relations that it satisfies the contrary desires for novelty and for conformity.True ( ) False ( )31. None of the three passages are denying conventional social values in people’s judgment, for example, what’s considered good about things or people.True ( ) False ( )Part IV Read and CreateIn Part IV, you will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it. You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes)Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.… And as a multitude of laws often only hampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that I might be assured that nothing was omitted.The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And I had little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that of all those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations.32. Answer the topic questions with no less than 300 words. You should write in YOUR OWN words:What is the main issue that Descartes explores in this part of the text, and w hat’s his method? What’s your OWN understanding of the methods proposed by Descartes?。
2017阅读大赛样卷(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛试卷Read and CreateYou will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it. You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes) Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.… And as a multitude of laws often only hampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that I might be assured that nothing was omitted.The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And I had little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that of all those who have hithertosought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations.Answer the topic questions with no less than 300 words. You should write in YOUR OWN words:What is the main issue that Descartes explores in this part of the text, and w hat’s his method? What’s your OWN understanding of the methods proposed by Descartes? 2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛答题纸Read and Create。
2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛样题.doc
2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛（90min）Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time suggested: 20 minutes) Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes with the people. Please note there are three extra options you do not need._____1. Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog A. William ShakespeareB. Nelson Mandelaand filthy air.C. Thomas A. Edison_____2. I haven ’ t failed. I ’ ve just found 10,000 ways thatwon’ t work. D. Steve JobsE. Mark Zuckerberg_____3. Design is not just what it looks like and feels like.F. Lucius Annaeus SenecaDesign is how it works.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.A few intuitive, sensitive visionaries may understand and comprehend XXXX(the book title), XXXX(the author) ’ s new and mammoth volume, withoutgoing through a course of training or instruction, but the average intelligent reader will glean little or nothing from it —even from careful perusal, one might properly say study, of it —save bewilderment and a sense of disgust. It should be companioned with a key and a glossary like the Berlitz books...4. Which of the following works does the book review address?A.UlyssesB.The OdysseyC.In Search of Lost TimeD.One Hundred Years of SolitudeQuestion 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.I like the fact that the study focuses on a French classroom, which receives less attentionin Second Language Acquisition research than other foreign language classrooms.However, for reasons that I elaborate on below, I do not recommend this manuscript for publication. I recommend that the author consults the Journal of Language, Identity, and Education. That journal might be a better fit for this paper.5. The text could best be described as __________.A. a conclusionB. a summaryC. a reviewD. a pledgeQuestion 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.My Lord,I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of The World , that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the public, were written by your lordship. To be so distinguished isan honor which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.Seven years, my lord, have now passed, since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door; during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties,of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication, withoutone act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor. Such treatment I didnot expect, for I never had a patron before.6. This text is taken from a letter which showed the writer’s__________ the Lord.A.gratitude towardsB.indifference toC.contempt forD.respect forQuestion 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Because of social media, words are moving around theworld within weeks and months, whereas in the past, itcould take a few years, says Julie Coleman, author of TheLife of Slang.“ It’ s not necessarily that language is changingmore quickly, but technologies have developed and theyallow the transmission of slang terms to pass from onegroup to another much more quickly.”7. The main purpose of the text is to ________.A.explain the quick migration of slangB.imply the unnecessary change of languageC.exemplify the advancement of technologyD.introduce the book The Life of SlangQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.When hunting raccoons for fur was a popular sport, huntingdogs were used to sniff them out of trees. As they are XXXXanimals, the hunting party had to work at night, and the dogswould sometimes end up choosing the wrong tree, or as the idiomgoes, “ bark up the wrong tree. ” The term was first printed in a book byDavy Crockett in 1833.8. Which word is the best substitution for the missing word XXXX?A.solitaryB.aggressiveC.nocturnalD.herbivorousQuestion 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the details about a euphemism, and answer the question according to the details.It was first used by British journalists in 1967 to describe a state ofalcohol intoxication exhibited by Labour Cabinet Minister George Brown.It is now used as a stock phrase. The Guardian describes it as having joinedthose that“ are part of every journali st s’vocabulary. ”In fact, one source cautions professional British journalists against itsuse “even if the journalist meant it literally .”9. The euphemism described above most probably refers to __________.A.people with special needsB.downright overwroughtC.tired and emotionalD.mentally challengedQuestion 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the share of UN procurement from Global Compact members from 2010 to 2014. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: 2014 Annual Statistical Report on United Nations Procurement , the United Nations Office for Project Services, 201510. Choose the INCORRECT description of the chart.A.The share of UN procurement volume from Global Compact members grew steadily over thefive years in terms of absolute volume.B.In 2013, the total procurement volume dropped noticeably, and so did the procurement fromGlobal Compact members.C.In 2014, the total procurement volume increased greatly, causing a drop in the share ofprocurement from Global Compact members.D.The proportion of procurement from Global Compact members was not in line with the generaltrend of procurement from Global Compact members.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time suggested: 40 minutes)Question 11 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following definition of a logical fallacy. Answer the question according tothe definition.Confusion of“ Necessary” with“ Sufficient” ConditionA causal fallacy. You commit this fallacy when you assume that a necessary condition ofan event is sufficient for the event to occur. A necessary condition is a condition thatmust be present for an event to occur. A sufficient condition is a condition or set ofconditions that will produce the event. A necessary condition must be there, but it alonedoes not provide sufficient cause for the occurrence of the event. Only the sufficientgrounds can do this. In other words, all of the necessary elements must be there.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of Confusion of“ Necessary” with“ Sufficient” Condition?A.You said that I would have to run the mile in less than six minutes to be on the track team,and I did. So why did I get cut from the team?B.Dina has to be rich or at least to be an heiress. She after all belongs to the Alpha Phi Lambdasorority which is the richest sorority on campus.C. It ’ s supposed to be in the low twenties tonight, so surely we ’ re not going to the football game, are we?D.To see viruses, one must have a microscope. This follows if William Carroll said hesaw viruses, he must have used a microscope.Question 12 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the definition of one type of logical fallacy. Answer the question according to thedefinition.Texas Sharpshooter FallacyTexas Sharpshooter fallacy is an informal fallacy which occurs when someonejumps to the that a cluster in some data must be the result of a cause, usually onethat it is clustered around.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of Texas Sharpshooter fallacy?A. I won ’ t pay the parking ticket because the traffic sign here says“ Fine for Parking”B.Cola is healthy because it sells best among the top five healthiest countries in the world.C.We can’texploit the outer space because many people on Earth hardly make ends meet.D.Nobody at school can speak French because neither teachers nor the principal can speak it.Questions 13-14 Reasoning. (Suggested completion time: 8 minutes)In a swimming competition, Matt, Alen and Johnson won a medal respectively: the gold medal,the silver medal and the bronze medal. The coach made a guess : Matt“ won the gold medal, Alendidn ’twin the gold medal and Johnson didn ’twin the bronze medal . ”Unfortunately, only one ofthem is right.13. Who won the gold medal, who won the silver, and who won the bronze medal?A.Matt: gold medal; Johnson: silver medal; Alen: bronze medal.B.Alen: gold medal; Johnson: silver medal; Matt: bronze medal.C.Johnson: gold medal; Alen: silver medal; Matt: bronze medal.D.Matt: gold medal; Alen: silver medal; Johnson: bronze medal.14. Richard: The national budget should provide significant increases in all levels of education inthe upcoming year.Natalie: That’s not fair. A reduction in defense spending in peacetime may bring us excessiverisks. We can’ t afford it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie’ s argument?A.Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B.Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C. The size of the military budget reflects a state’ s ability to fund educational activities.pared with military spending, investing in education will create a financial crisis.Questions 15-16 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the text and decide whether the statements are True or False according tothe text.QuestionsQuestions define tasks, express problems, and delineateissues. They drive thinking forward. Answers, on the otherhand, often signal a full stop in thought. Only when ananswer generates further questions does thought continue as inquiry. A mind with no questions is a mind that is not intellectually alive. No questions (asked) equals no understanding (achieved). Superficial questions equal superficial understanding, unclear questions equal unclear understanding. If your mind is not actively generating questions, you are not engaged in substantial learning.15. The main purpose of the text is to define“ questions”.True () False ( )16.It can be inferred that a mind filled with questions will surely be engaged in substantial learning.True ( ) False ( )Questions 17-18 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about the sugar industry, and answer the questions according to the information in the text.How the Sugar Industry Shifted Blame to FatThe internal sugar industry documents, recently discovered by a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, and published Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine , suggest that thesugar industry may have manipulated the research into the role of sugar in heart disease.The documents show that a trade group called the Sugar Research Foundation, known today as the Sugar Association, paid three Harvard scientists the equivalent of about $50,000 in today terms to publish a 1967 review of research into sugar, fat and heart disease. The studies used in the reviewwere handpicked by the sugar group, and the article, which was published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine , minimized the link between sugar and heart health and castaspersions on the role of saturated fat.Even though the influence-meddling revealed in the documents dates back nearly 50 years,more recent reports show that the food industry has continued to influence nutrition science.Last year, an article in The New York Times revealed that Coca- Cola, the world’ s largest producer of sugary beverages, had provided millions of dollars in funding to researchers who sought to playdown the link between sugary drinks and obesity. In June, The Associated Press reported thatcandy makers were funding studies that claimed that children who eat candy tend to weigh less than those who do not.The revelations are important because the debate about the relative harms of sugar and saturatedfat continues today, Dr. Glantz said. For many decades, health officials encouraged Americans to reduce their fat intake, which led many people to consume low-fat, high-sugarfoods that some experts now blame for fueling the obesity crisis.Today, the saturated fat warnings still remain a cornerstone of the government ’dietarys guidelines, though in recent years the American Heart Association, the World Health Organization and other health authorities have also begun to warn that too much added sugarmay increase risks of cardiovascular disease.17. The word handpicked in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.A.carefully chosen in a highly scientific wayB.carried out with the best research findingsC.tailored to the needs of the sugar industryD.done by scientists from Harvard University18. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A.Manufacturers of sugar related food are funding studies aimed at finding the relationshipbetween sugar and health.B.Scientific research may not produce accurate results when funding for the research is providedby agents who are not impartial.C.It is now accepted in the US that sugar and saturated fat are both responsible for an increasingrisk of heart disease.D.The industry-funded research plays an important and informative role in that it shapes theoverall scientific debate.Questions 19-20 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about MasterCard. Answer the questions according to the passage.MasterCardis making it easier for charities to get help quickly to the people who really need it, and ensurethat donations are actually being used for good. The MasterCard Aid Network, launched last September, distributes a version of the company ’splastic cards that come loaded with points that can be redeemed at certain merchants for groceries, medicine, shelter and even building materials or business supplies. The chip-enabled system can be deployed in a day or two compared to the weeks required to create and import paper vouchers.The system doesn’trequire an Internet connection —a boon in off-the-grid areas where many refugees and disaster victims are concentrated. Still, the transactions enable organizations to collect data on what card recipients redeem, allowing charities to protect against fraudulent use and gather insight into beneficiaries ’needs.So far, organizations including Save the Children, World Vision and Mercy Corps have distributed cards to more than 75,000 people, from earthquake victims in Nepal to those in war-torn Yemen. MasterCard, which charges the charities fees for the service, says the program is profitable. The United Nations also recently named MasterCard the leader of an initiative to improve the distribution of humanitarian aid in emergencies, with a focus on the data management and privacy aspect.19. What is the passage mainly about?A.How MasterCard as for-profit company joins hands with world charity organizations.B.How MasterCard can keep an edge by its technological innovation in the world market.C.How MasterCard made its transformation from a for-profit company to a non-profit one.D.How MasterCard shortened the path between troubled populations and the aid they need.20. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Without the efforts of the Company, charities could not have protected against fraudulent useof donations.B.MasterCard will perform a more important role in the international rescue and aid programswith technology developments.C.The plastic cards the MasterCard Aid Network distributes to needed people are similar to creditcards but paid by donators.D.MasterCard earns money from charging fees for service and then gives the money to refugeesand natural disaster victims.Questions 21-23 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about virtual reality and augmented reality, and answer thequestions according to the information in the text.Virtual Reality vs. Augmented RealityOne of the biggest confusions in the world of augmented reality is the difference between augmented reality and virtual reality. Both are earning a lot of media attention and are promising tremendous growth.Virtual reality (VR) is an artificial, computer-generated simulation or recreation of a real-life environment or situation. It immerses the user by making them feel they are experiencing the simulated reality firsthand, primarily by stimulating their vision and hearing.Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that layers computer-generated enhancements atop andeveloped into apps and used on mobile devices to blend digital components into the real worldin such a way that they enhance one another, but can also be told apart easily.Augmented reality and virtual reality are similar in that both are inverse reflections of one in another with what each technology seeks to accomplish and deliver for the user. Virtual reality offers a digital recreation of a real-life setting, while augmented reality delivers virtual elementsas an overlay to the real world. Both leverage some of the same types of technology, and theyeach exist to serve the user with an enhanced or enriched experience.However, the two also differ from each other in various ways. Augmented reality enhances experiences by adding virtual components such as digital images, graphics, or sensations as a new layer of interaction with the real world. It is being used more and more in mobile devicessuch as laptops, smart phones, and tablets to change how the real world and digital images, graphics intersect and interact. Contrastingly, virtual reality creates its own reality that is completely computer generated and driven. It is usually delivered to the user through a head-mounted or hand-held controller. This equipment connects people to the virtual reality, and allows them to control and navigate their actions in an environment meant to simulate the real world.21-23. Which THREE of the following statements can be inferred from the text?A.Augmented reality shows virtual elements on top of the real world, while virtual reality recreatesreal-life situations in a digital way.B. A virtual reality dressing room may allow shoppers to virtually try on their purchasesquickly and easily without really having to put them on.C.Virtual reality is able to transpose us by taking us to some other place, while augmented reality,in contrast, never moves us elsewhere.D.With augmented reality, you can , and with virtual reality, you can .E.Both augmented and virtual realities utilize some of the same types of technology andoffer people enriched experiences .F.Augmented reality will enable an immobile patient to go out of the room and enjoyhis/her favorite sights, sounds and smells in the country.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passageson the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer ’position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer ’ s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-31 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Passage ANonverbal communication is often spontaneous and unintentional, and its meaning may be ambiguous. For one thing, different nonverbal codes can indicate the same meaning while one nonverbal code can have different meanings in diverse contexts. Think about your expression of love toward your parents. Have your affective words or behavior remained the same over the past 18 years? Do you feel the same when a friend gives you a hug at the news that you have failed an exam and at the time when you have won an award? In addition, people may use masking, a facial management technique, to replace an expression of true feeling with one appropriate for a given interaction. For instance, your friend Mary is suffering from a fever butstill smiles at you to co nfirm that she ’ s OK.Culture, technology, and situation all serve as powerful influences on our nonverbal behavior. What may be an innocent gesture in one group, context, region, or country can convey a different and possibly offensive message elsewhere. For example, American people are accustomed to making direct eye contact when speaking to someone, whether a friend or a professor. However,in some East Asian cultures, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, direct eye contact in interactive communication is not required. In fact, such long-time direct eye contact, when facing superiors or elders, might be considered a sign of disrespect and challenge. Similarly, some cultures are contact cultures so that touch is an important form of communication, whereas other cultures are non-contact cultures so touching is generally avoided. For example, a socially polite touch involves a handshake between American men but may include a kiss between Arabor European men. Some religions prohibit opposite-sex touching between unmarried or unrelated individuals.Nonverbal communication can be found in our electronic written communication such as email,text messaging, and Internet chat rooms.25We use all capital letters to indicate shouting, random punctuation (#@*&!) to substitute for obscenities, and type treatments suchas boldfacing and italicizing for emphasis. We use color, font styles and sizes, animations, figures, diagrams, and pictures in attempts to express emotion or help users visualize the sender or the message in context. We expect others to use emoticons to express emotion in mediated texts (). Since we can’ t hear voice inflection or see facial expressionsmany mediated situations, your preferences for screen text size, whether you leave a few explanatory lines, and whetheryou attach or compress files all say something about you to others. As the Internet allows usersto have visual, audio, and text contact, with refinements, speakers have the potential to be even more persuasive than in face-to-face conversations across distances.Passage BNo one likes taking out the garbage. But in Japan the chore is compounded by an added element:The neighbors are watching. No, I’ m not being paranoid. They’ re watching.Every time I take my trash down to the curb, in its regulation translucent white bag, I can feeltheir eyes peering through the plastic at my milk cartons, my egg containers, and mydisposable chopsticks. They can see everything.I first realized my garbage and I were not alone on a Monday a few months ago, when I was bringingdown a bag of old cereal boxes, soggy refrigerator leftovers, and coffee grounds. My landlady, wholives on the first floor, was outside watering her garden. Her eyes took in the contents of my trash.“ No, today is Monday. It’ s plastics day,” she said.“ Oh,” I replied,“ I guess they changed- uptheschedulepick.” Her eyes fluttered to the ground,studiously avoiding mine.“ No, Monday has always been plastics day,” she said.Over the next few minutes, in the muddled mix of Japanese and English we use to communicate,my landlady explained that she often would take my garbage away if I had put it out on the wrongday, store it in her house, and then bring it out again on the proper day.As I walked back upstairs, lugging m y unwanted trash, it hit me: For the year and a half since I’been living in the apartment, she ’beend watching me, peeping from behind her rose bushes:scurrying to the curb after I ’beend there, checking to see whether I ’followed the correctgarbage protocol. That ’whens I learned the hard truth: When it comes to garbage in Japan, there ’ sno such thing as privacy. Garbage is public property, something to which your neighbors can claimsnooping privileges. As a foreigner in this homogenous land, my activities garner moreattention, and more criticism, than most. I’ ve started wondering what else my neighbors notice.What else am I doing wrong?What I found most disturbing about the exchange was that my landlady had been reluctant for solong to confront me directly. We see each other constantly, sometimes we have pleasant little chats,or she comes upstairs when something is broken. Yet she could never bear to tell me that Ihad mixed up the trash schedule. Pointing out one’ s mistakes is consideredJapan. rude inAs a foreigner with rudimentary Japanese, I expected the language barrier to be the biggestobstacle to living here. I was wrong. Learning to navigate Japan, perhaps any foreign country, is allabout reading the subtle cultural cues, not the alphabet. Most things in Japan remain unspoken,especially the improper and the unpleasant.Passage CThe most powerful voice you have, no one else can hear. It is a voice shaping your destiny, abilityto cope with triumph or disaster, and how you engage with and inspire others in any quest youface. This voice ultimately determines your success as a communicator and the success of your communications. It is the voice within your head.The starting point for being an outstanding public relations communicator is recognizing thatyou deliver communications not just through your words, signs or gestures. Nor do you deliverjust through your body language. You communicate through the way you think.You probably know of people who can easily comment on other people ’ s problems but are blind to their own shortcomings. The ability to understand yourself, your own emotions, and know how your mind works is known as your intrapersonal skill. Having self-awareness and understanding of yourself makes it possible subsequently to develop fully your interpersonal skills. Your intrapersonal skill is essentially how you can manage your own thinking —the ability to understand how your thinking works and ultimately master the voice in your head.Everyone has an inner voice that creates an internal dialogue, a self-talk, which shapes and progresses their thinking and communication. (Your self-talk is not a sign of delusional behavior!)This self-talk lies at the heart of your subsequent communications. If you are unclear in your mind about how you feel and understand about an issue, the probability is that your subsequent communications will reflect this uncertainty, or fail to convince.The image of Sir Bob Geldof when he launched Band Aid in 1984 is a good example of someonewith a clear sense of passion and belief, who initially had limited resources—at the outset his campaign was just him and his intense reaction to watching BBC news coverage of famine scenes in Ethiopia. Yet he succeeded in creating a major brand and raising valuable funds for famine relief.His clear sense of purpose fueled his passion to overcome the odds. A committed communityactivist can likewise often outwit and outperform a well-oiled and well-funded formal public relations programme; witness the success of groups like Greenpeace against major oil companies.The potential of the focused few was recognized by sociologist Margaret Mead: “ Neverdoubtthat a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the onlything that ever has. ”The starting point for your journey in understanding and becoming an outstanding public relations communicator is to examine what shapes your thinking and how it is manifested in your communications.24. Which statement is true about the ambiguity of nonverbal communication?A.It leads to vagueness in nonverbal codes in a given context.B.Intended meanings of nonverbal codes cannot be conveyed fully.C.It stems from the spontaneity and randomness of nonverbal codes.D.True feelings can be hidden by the ambiguity of nonverbal codes.。
2017外研社杯全国英语写作样题
2017外研社杯英语写作大赛样题篇1Sample task 1Write a passage based on the chart below, which shows the influences of various factors on work performance in two age groups. You should summarize the features of the two groups and make comparisons. You should write about 600 words.Sample task 2Write a passage to introduce the Chinese Moon Festival to foreigners. You should write about 600 words.English Reading Contest2017外研社杯英语写作大赛样题篇2Read the story starter and continue the story. Complete the story in 600-800 words.The little man came up to me as I was about to enter the telephone box, and asked me whether I had a match.“I’m sorry,”I said. “I don’t smoke, so I haven’t any. You had better ask someone else.”He looked rather disappointed, hesitated, and then turned away. I watched him walk slowly down the street before I picked up the telephone directory to look up the number I meant to dial. I am not used to a public call box so, at my first attempt to get through, the warning pips had stopped before I realized I had to insert a coin.When I was at last able to speak, I was told that the person whom I urgently wanted to give a message to had just that minute gone out.Swearing slightly under my breath, I emerged from the box and came face to face with the little man, who was looking as pathetic as a stray dog. As he raised his hat again, I could see he was quitebald. A thin line, resembling a duelling scar, crossed one cheek. He spoke nervously.“Excuse my troubling you again,”he said. “May I walk along with you a little way? I must confide in someone. I need help desperately.”2017外研社杯英语写作大赛样题篇3Write a passage in response to the report below. You should discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the report and explain your reasons for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the report’s opinion might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. You should write about 800 words.Newsweek, the venerable weekly publication that will be remembered for its decades-longeffortsfor a spot on consumers’coffee tables, has shut down its print edition at the end of 2012, but it lives onin a new digital tablet edition known as Newsweek Global. As Tina Brown, the Newsweek editor, said,this tablet edition will target a “new highly mobile, opinion-leading audience who want to learn aboutworld events in a sophisticated context.”The move should not shock. The publication has faced major financial problems in recent years. The numbers tell the tale: Newsweek’s circulation has fallen in the number of subscribers from 3 million to 1.5 million in the last decade; annual losses were thought to be $40 million. More broadly,the company faces a more existential problem in that a “weekly news”magazine has become an anachronism in the digital world.Newsweek is not the only one that has to tackle the challenge in the digital time; other outlets will continue to change their business models for a digital future. With the “imminent death”of print,digital formats come out as an inevitable development that could turn the industry’s fortune around.Sample task 2Read the following two paragraphs with contradicting views, and write a passage on the issue. You should clearly state your opinion and explain the reasons for your opinion. You should write about 800 words.Tablets are the ideal system of organization in schools. They are convenient, in which muchinformation is stored in small sizes and kept together in one place, and cheap, as digital informationis now becoming more affordable than print. As evolution continues to rock the modern world, digitaldevices will become more and more reliable. Someday, they will entirely replace print books, and hopefully, that day will come soon.Many may argue that tablets are much more convenient than paper books. But not everyone sharesthis preference of tablets or finds them convenient. In fact, in a study conducted by Book Industry Study Group (BISG), it was found that 75% of college students preferred traditional textbooks in which they can highlight the key words and write notes. Also, some may suggest that it is cheaper toinvest in tablets than textbooks. In fact, in a 2008 study of public schools in Kentucky it was estimatedthat the cost of textbooks and supplies totaled around $44 million. The cost per school was around $988for textbooks and supplies. That is roughly the cost of only two tablets. To provide tablets to all thestudents in a school would be an enormous sum. Therefore, we may conclude that while tablets have。
“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛样题.pptx
1600 1400 1200 1000
800 600 400 200
0
210 2011
65.2%
80.1%
625 347
2012
2013
Market size
884 41.4%
2014
1010
1186
90% 1404
80% 70% 60%
50%
40%
30%
14.3%
17.4%
18.0%
20% 10%
Have you noticed that when different people google the same thing, for example, “Chinese culture” or “America”, they get different search results? Websites selectively guess which information is appropriate to a user based on his/her location, past-click behavior and search history, and tailor information and recommendations accordingly. The more one uses the Internet, the more likely one is kept away from different opinions, and trapped in one’s own cultural ideological bubble. The situation worsens when Internet-boosted social networks creep into every corner of our lives. Although there seems to be a large amount of information updated almost every second, the information is only available from people’s friend-circles or the subscriptions (公众号) they choose. Beyond these circles and choices, people do not really have access to the unknown. They become imprisoned in a confined world.
2017年外研社杯全国大学生英语阅读大赛决赛成绩表
业
杨林
三等奖
115
李俊辰
2017级
会计
杨林
三等奖
116
黄盈盈
2017级
财务管理
杨林
三等奖
117
和语婷
2017级
财务管理
杨林
三等奖
118
方尚琼
2017级
财务管理
杨林
三等奖
119
邓彩美
2017级
国际经济与贸
易
杨林
三等奖
120
张文思
2016级
学前教育
海源
三等奖
121
詹盛捷
2016级
学前教育
海源
屈朝基
2017级
法学
杨林
三等奖
83
潘婷
2017级
财务管理
杨林
三等奖
84
梁梦儿
2017级
会计学
杨林
三等奖
85
李加福
2017级
财务管理
杨林
三等奖
86
字会银
2016级
学前教育
海源
三等奖
87
周富敏
2015级
英语
海源
三等奖
88
张燕芬
20ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ6级
学前教育
海源
三等奖
89
叶艺微
2016级
学前教育
海源
三等奖
90
杨怡琴
2017级
会计学
杨林
三等奖
107
王冬琴
2016级
财务管理
杨林
三等奖
108
尚宁志
2017级
阅读大赛样卷精编版
2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛试卷Read and CreateYou will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it. You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes) Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.… And as a multitude of laws often only h ampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that I might be assured that nothing was omitted. The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, providedonly we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And I had little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that of all those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations. Answer the topic questions with no less than 300 words. You should write in YOUR OWN words:What is the main issue that Descartes explores in this part of the text, and w hat’s his method? What’s your OWN understanding of the methods proposed by Descartes?2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛答题纸Read and Create。
2017外研社阅读大赛真题初赛1
外研社杯·国才杯·2017年阅读大赛初赛第一场外研社杯·国才杯·2017年阅读大赛初赛第一场Questions1-3(Suggested completion time:3minutes)Directions:Read the following excerpts.Match the excerpts with the book title.Please note there are three extra options you do not need.A.A Tale of Two CitiesB.Pride and PrejudiceC.The Great GatsbyD.Little WomenE.Hard TimesF.Jane Eyre 1.Pretend modesty often is nonsense,sometimes just is the beat around the bush boast.2.Life is too short to continue hating anyone for a long time.3.Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.Question4(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Common sense might suggest that children inherit intelligence from both parents.However,certain genes operate differently,depending on whether they are from the mother or father. The genes that determine intelligence are located in chromosome X.Because women carry two X chromosomes and men carry only one,children are twice as likely to get their intelligence from their mom.4.Where is the piece of text most probably taken from?A)A notice.B)A research.C)An advertisement.D)An instruction.Question5(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.When friendships were reported as being stressful,people reported higher rates of disease.When friends were supportive,people were healthier.Most of the friendships were reported as being supportive.Family,however,were found to have little influence on an individual’s health and wellbeing.Spouses and children had some effect on an individual’s health and wellbeing, but not as much as friends.With friends you are more likely to do activities–they provide an outlet.You can say things to friends and they are less judgmental.There is a distance there that provides a level of honesty.5.What is the main idea of this text?A)The ways to relieve stress.C)The effects of friendship on health.B)Friends versus family.D)The benefits of having friends.Question6(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With JourneYou,save$200on select departures of its Essential Peru tour.The seven-day trip starts at$899per person double and includes hotel accommodations in Lima,Cusco and the Sacred Valley;ground excursions;daily breakfast and some lunches;flights within Peru;expedition train to Machu Picchu;entrance fees;and taxes.6.What is the most possible type of the text?A)A tour guide.B)An advertisement.C)A presentation.D)An expert’s advice.Question7(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Welcome to Vatican City,the smallest country(by area AND population!)in the world.Surprised?You might have heard of it,but you might not have guessed that many consider the Vatican a country.While it could be argued that the Vatican isn’t technically an independent nation—it doesn’t have a seat at the United Nations—others would dispute that claim.The Vatican abides by the1933Montevideo Convention’s definition of a country,after all.Article One of the Convention says:“The state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications:a)a permanent population;b)a defined territory;c)government;and d)capacity to enter into relations with the other states.”According to that definition,the Vatican meets all of the criteria for statehood.7.Vatican is seen as a nation because it__________.A)possesses an established governmentB)abides by the international lawC)has a seat at the United NationsD)holds a written constitutionQuestion8(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.BSG Wood.b DuomaticCountry of origin:FranceDetails:French bikemaker BSG’s Wood.b line of cycles combine metal pieces with structural components made of exposed ash plywood.The finished product–which is every bit as pricey as it looks–seems closer to art than machinery.Don’t be fooled:BSG’s frame promises exceptional durability,and the use of painted aluminium components keeps weight to a manageable 35lbs.This beauty is a beast.Price:€3190(about$4230)8.What do you know about BSG’s Wood.b bicycles from the text?A)They are made out of pricey wood.B)They are durable.C)The components are exposed.D)Their artistic values outweigh practical values.Question9(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.We all know the drill.For the last decade,smartphones have gotten thinner and faster and thinner and faster and,well,you get the picture.But it’s too soon to write off our smartphones as boring.The gadgets are still evolving with new technologies.And for a clue as to what the smartphone of the future might look like,turn your attention to the device’s cameras and the software and sensors that make them tick.Here’s a peek into how the camera may come into play:As soon as you pick up your gadget,it will see you and know you are the owner and unlock the screen.Overseas,you will be able to point the camera at a restaurant menu to translate items into your native language.When shopping for furniture,you can point your phone camera at your living room floor and place a virtual rendering of a coffee table down to see how it looks and move around and peek underneath it.Some of this futurism is already starting to happen.9.What is the most probable title of the text?A)How to Keep on Top of Technology with Your SmartphonesB)The Smartphone’s Future:It’s All About the CameraC)Updating Your Smartphone Sensors for Better FunctionsD)Smartphones:Changes in Ten YearsQuestion10(Suggested completion time:5minutes)Directions:The bar chart shows the number and proportion of urban population living in slums in developing regions from1990to2014.Answer the question according to the information in the chart.10.Which of the following is an INCORRECT description about the chart?A)The proportion of population living in slums of developing regions wasdeclining,but their numbers remained high.B)The year2012saw the largest population living in slums in urban areas ofdeveloping regions.C)From1990to2014,urban populations living in slums in developing regionshave been on the rise.D)The proportion of urban population living in slums fell to nearly30%in2014,which is almost17%lower than that in1990.Questions11-12(Suggested completion time:10minutes)Directions:Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy.Answer the questions according to the definitions.EquivocationEquivocation is a fallacy that exploits the ambiguity of language by changing themeaning of a word during the course of an argument and using the differentmeanings to support an ill-founded conclusion.Appeal to ForceAn appeal to force is a fallacy that relies on force or intimidation(scare tactics)topersuade an audience to accept a proposition or take a particular course of action.11.Which of the following provides a typical example of Equivocation?A)Ten million Americans can’t be wrong,can they?So buy it.Read it.B)The work permits would run counter to our traditional freedoms and would bethe first step toward a police state.C)The sign said“fine for parking here”and since it was fine,I parked there.D)Scientists tell us we all come from monkeys,and that’s why I homeschool.12.Which of the following provides a typical example of an appeal to force?A)An environmental group illegally blocked loggers and workers at a nuclear plant.Therefore,environmentalists are radicals who take the law into their own hands.B)If you don’t accept that the Sun orbits the Earth,rather than the other wayaround,then you’ll be excommunicated from the Church.C)Why are you asking me about Mary’s message?I resent her question.D)Noisy children are a real headache.Two aspirin will make a headache go away.Therefore,two aspirin will make noisy children go away.Questions13-14Challenge your brain.(Suggested completion time:6minutes)Directions:Read the following texts and answer the questions according to the texts.13.A food company once said in their advertisement:“Recent studies have highlighted the harmful effects of additives in food(colors,preservatives,flavor enhancers etc.).There are no synthetic substances in the foods we produce.We use only natural ingredients.Hence you can be sure you are safeguarding your family’s health when you buy our products.”Which of the following,if true,would most weaken the contention of“the foods we produce”?A)Food without additives is unlikely to taste good.B)Some synthetic substances are not harmful.C)Some natural substances found in foods can be harmful.D)Without preservatives some foods could cause harm.14.One man has a nice portrait in his library.When he was asked whom is represented,he replied:Uncles and brothersHave I none,But that man’s fatherIs my father’s son.What relation was the subject of the portrait to that man?The portrait isQuestions15-17(Suggested completion time:6minutes)Directions:Read the text about food tastes.Answer the questions according to the text.Saliva can alter the taste of food.Saliva is vital in helping us eat food safely,and it lubricates and transports taste molecules from food to our taste buds.Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase,which breaks down starch into sugars.If you’ve ever noticed that some children keep bread in their mouth for a long time,it’s because as the amylase in their saliva acts on the starch,15.There are other enzymes in saliva that act on fat and protein,and control how we perceive food.The composition of saliva in each person is different.It changes throughout the day,and is influenced by what you eat,what exercise you have done,your mood,and even whether it is light or dark outside.Proteomics(the study of proteins and their function)is an approach that can measure differences in the protein composition of different people’s saliva.The types and level of proteins and enzymes present in saliva vary from person to person,and this changes the way flavour is released from food in our mouth.The bacteria that live in our mouths,part of our microbiome,also have an influence.For example,bacteria change the flavours of food by increasing the production of molecules that create particular taste experiences.The types of bacteria that are present create a unique response in each individual.Research into individual food preferences—whether they be as a result of our genetics,saliva or the way we chew—may one day guide food manufacturers to produce healthier options of our everyday foods.Hopefully this may contribute to consumers making better menu selections and decrease the number of food-related diseases.15.Which of the following best fits in the numbered space in the text?A)the bread is easier to be chewed and digestedB)more nutrients could be transported from food to our mouthC)the digestion process is fasterD)more sugar is produced and the bread tastes sweeter16.Which of the following is NOT true about enzymes?A)It alters the flavours of food by increasing the production of molecules.B)It is one of the key compounds in the composition of saliva.C)It can act on starch,fat and protein in food to create different flavours.D)Its types and level have personal variations which contribute to different tastes of food.17.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A)The bacteria in our mouths would spoil the tastes of food.B)This study of taste can help customers choose healthier diets.C)That we have different tastes to the same food is because of enzymes in our saliva.D)The ingredients of your saliva remain the same when you’re happy or not. Questions18-19(Suggested completion time:5minutes)Directions:Read the text about Saturn.Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.Saturn in natural color,photographed by Cassini in July2008NASA announced new discoveries that would help in the search for life beyond Earth.The new data comes from the space agency’s Cassini spacecraft,which orbits the planet Saturn and its moons.The Hubble Space Telescope,which was launched into Earth orbit in1990,provided additional information.It has studied the planet and its many natural satellites since arriving there in2004.In one key finding,Cassini scientists have determined that plumes of gas erupting out of Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus contain hydrogen.The researchers also discovered hydrogen gas pouring into Enceladus’s subsurface ocean from hydrothermal activity on the seafloor.Hydrogen gas could potentially provide a chemical energy source for life.On Earth, hydrothermal vents are filled with microscopic life forms.Confirmation that the chemical energy for life exists within the ocean of a small moon of Saturn is an important milestone in the search for habitable worlds beyond Earth.18.Cassini is a spacecraft orbiting Saturn and has studied Saturn for at least nine years.A)True B)False19.The detection of hydrogen gas is a powerful evidence of the habitability of Saturn.A)True B)FalseQuestions20-21(Suggested completion time:6minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the questions according to the text.Ten thousand years from now(assuming humans haven’t been wiped out by a plague,space rock or our own destructive tendencies,)it’ll probably be fairly easy for the average person to research what life was like in2017.For us here today,finding out what life was like in11,000BC is much more challenging,but by studying ancient stone carvings and pairing the somewhat confusing messages with archeological data,researchers believe they’ve discovered concrete evidence that may have altered the future of mankind:a comet strike.The study,performed by a team of researchers from the University of Edinburgh,suggests that a potentially cataclysmic comet strike rapidly and dramatically altered the Earth’s climate for hundreds of years,sending humanity into a mini ice age with nearly glacial conditions.The time period when this occurred is known as the Younger Dryas,and has been well-documented thanks to ample evidence of the cooling found in core samples,but its cause has been theorized and debated for a long while.Now,thanks to stone carvings left by ancient people in modern day Turkey,researchers believe that a comet was the culprit.The carvings are remarkably preserved and appear to have been created to document an apocalyptic event which devastated the land.Figures depicted in the carvings,includingapparently deceased,headless human bodies and other wildlife,were made at around the time the Younger Dryas began,suggesting that the event archived in stone could have been the same one that caused the thousand-year cold snap.The carvings were found at what is considered to be one of the oldest and most important temple sites on the planet,and for the images to appear there suggests that they have enormous historical significance.The Younger Dryas is often credited with pushing ancient humans to band together out of pure necessity,forming the foundation of modern agriculture and other huge advancements in civilization.The idea that a comet may have been responsible for pushing humanity forward is an extremely interesting,and potentially frightening possibility.The findings are far from an iron-clad confirmation,but the timing matches up shockingly well and would have to be a fantastic coincidence if the two events are actually unrelated.20.Which of the following is TRUE about the Younger Dryas according to the text?A)A comet devastated the land and killed living creatures during the Younger Dryas.B)The recent research findings prove that the Younger Dryas is related to a comet strike.C)Many stone carvings were well-preserved and discovered in the Younger Dryas.D)The Younger Dryas is usually considered as the foundation of modern agriculture.21.What is the possible main idea of this text?A)Early civilization began in the Younger Dryas.B)Ancient stone carvings help a lot in archaeology.C)A comet strike may have changed human’s history.D)Researchers found the cause of climate change.Questions22-23(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the text about tardigrade.Answer the questions according to thetext.The world’s most indestructible species—a stout,microscopic animal with four pairs of legs,known as the water bear or tardigrade—will survive until the sun dies,according to new research from Oxford University and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics(CfA).22The water-dwelling micro-animals are known to be able to live for up to30years without food or water.They can endure temperatures of up to150degrees Celsius,the deep sea,and the frozen vacuum of space.And they can even survive the risk of extinction from cosmic catastrophes—asteroids,supernovas,gamma ray bursts—and likely last for at least10billion years,far longer than the human race,according to the new study published in Scientific Reports.Not bad for an animal that grows to a maximum size of0.5mm.“A lot of previous work has focused on‘doomsday’scenarios on Earth—astrophysical events like supernovas that could wipe out the human race.Our study instead considered the hardiest species,”said David Sloan,co-author and postdoctoral research associate in the Department of Physics at Oxford University.Sloan said researchers were surprised by the extent of the tardigrade’s resiliency.“It seems that life,once it gets going,is hard to wipe out entirely.Huge numbers of species or even entire genera may become extinct,but life as a whole will go on.”The research implies that life on Earth will extend as long as the sun keeps shining.It also reveals that once life emerges,it is surprisingly difficult to destroy,opening the possibility of life on other planets.“Tardigrades are as close to indestructible as it gets on Earth,but it is possible that there are other resilient species examples elsewhere in the universe,”said Dr.Rafael Alves Batista, co-author and post-doctoral research associate in the Department of Physics at Oxford University.22.Which of the following best fits in the numbered space in the text?A)Tardigrade reproduces through sexual and asexual reproduction,depending on thespecies.B)Tardigrade may be little but they are the toughest form of life on Earth.C)Tardigrade’s legs resemble those of crabs,spiders,and other bugs of similar genera.D)Tardigrade’s truly bizarre genetic constitution is revealed by geneticists.23.What would the author most likely write about in the following parts of the text?A)Previous research on the influence of“doomsday”scenarios.B)The resilience of life in general beyond the scope of Earth.C)The situations when new threats to tardigrades occur.D)The reasons for species to survive extreme conditions in the universe.Questions24-31(Suggested completion time:30minutes)Directions:Read three passages about game addiction.Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AChinese games giant Tencent intends to calm parents’fears of gaming addictions by introducing time limits for younger players.The firm has begun by implementing restrictions in mobile title Honour of Kings,one of its most popular games with200million users.Reuters reports that users aged12or younger will only be able to play the game for one hour per day,with this extending to two hours for those between12and18years old. Tencent has also said it will lock under-12s out of the game if they attempt to log in after9pm.It will even increase restrictions on how much money kids can spend in the game. Honour of Kings will be the first title to impose these limits,but Tencent has also said it will make improvements to the rest of its portfolio,which encompasses more than200games. Planned measures include an upgraded parental control platform,so parents will be able to monitor their children’s gaming activities,and an increased requirement for users to register under their real names.“There are no rules to prevent indulgence in online games in China,but we decided to be the first to try to dispel parent worries by limiting play time and forcing children to log off,”a Tencent spokesperson wrote.Mobile games in particular have been under scrutiny by parents for years—particularly those that easily allow in-app purchases,with countless reports of children racking up huge bills through microtransactions.With mobile very much the dominant games platform for kids around the world,not just in China,it’s not unlikely we’ll see more companies introduce similar measures to assuage fears that children are becoming addicted to such titles.Passage BMost addictions,such as substance abuse addictions have a set ability to be defined based on use of a substance alone.Unfortunately,video game addiction cannot be defined quite so easily.It can take more than just insight into one’s ability or enthusiasm in a video game to define it as an addiction.A true video game addiction is a compulsive disorder,a clinical impulse to play a video game.Psychiatrist Michael Brody defines video game addiction as:1.A need for the person to play the game constantly or take part in gaming activities more and more frequently2.Irritability or miserableness related to not getting the video game action one desiresThese signs are really no different than those present with a substance abuse addiction and in many ways,compulsive video gaming can be treated using similar methods that are used to treat substance pulsive gaming not only has many of the same signs as substance abuse addictions or problems,it also has many withdrawal symptoms or stages that come when the addict stops playing video games such as insomnia,anger,violent behaviors and other disorders,most of which are treatable with time and therapy.According to the National Academic Advising Association,an excessive gaming problem becomes an addiction when it is used to change a person’s mood.Many methods of treatment can be found to help those who are addicted to video games to stop the cycle of gaming and get on the right track to social and emotional recovery.Because many video game addictions are the result of an inept social being or the result of masking emotions,most treatment methods revolve around helping the teen,child or adult to become more social,overcome negative emotions and reduce boredom by finding more productive things to do.In many ways,treatment for video game addiction is treated the same way as the treatment for any other addiction such as a substance abuse problem or alcoholism.Passage CAdam figured he needed to avoid temptation,so he limited his contact with friends who were hardcore gamers.He used filters on the popular Reddit website to avoid any discussion of gaming topics.And in the most radical step,he rendered his online gaming account unusable by resetting his username and password to strings of randomly generated numbers and letters.He then burned the paper on which he had written them,ensuring they were lost forever.“Once I removed all stimulation that was game-related,not playing became very easy,”he said.As Adam’s obsession cooled,he grew interested in meeting others who had endured similar experiences.He formed a Chicago chapter of Computer Gaming Addicts Anonymous,a support group that loosely follows the12-step approach to recovery(it recently began holding weekly meetings at the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation on the Near North Side). Through the group,Adam met a55-year-old Chicago woman with a very different gaming problem.She didn’t get sucked into elaborate fantasy worlds or high-adrenaline shooters—her issue was smartphone games like Burger Shop and Words with Friends.“I lost a good job six years ago,and maybe a contributing factor was being tired from being up until3a.m. playing games on my phone,”she said.Therapy,prayer and traditional12-step meetings didn’t provide much help.But when she met Adam,talking things over in a Chicago coffee shop,she found someone who understood her issues and kept her accountable when she tried to stop.The woman said she played her last video game in2015,though she still finds herself pulled toward text-based trivia games.“It’s not that fun,but I think there’s still some dopamine in it,”she said.“Things are moving on my phone.”As for Adam,he works as a computer programmer,a situation he jokes is similar to a recovering alcoholic working in a liquor store.Constant proximity to a screen has not led him back into uncontrollable play,he said,though he still fools around with simple computer games for a few minutes a week.In the end,he sees himself as a recovering addict,but he says the label isn’t important.Video games were his deliverance from depression,loneliness and social anxiety.When he finally dealt with those problems,he said,he didn’t need the games anymore.24.According to Passage A,Tencent plans to take the following anti-addiction measures EXCEPT__________.A)an increased requirement for real-name registrationB)an improved parental control systemC)a limit on the sum of in-game purchasesD)a curfew on the players aged12and under25.The word assuage in Passage A is closest in meaning to__________.A)confront B)inspire C)fuel D)relieve26.It can be learnt from Passage B that video game addiction__________.A)can be defined similarly as substance abuse addictionsB)can be treated the same way used to treat most addictionsC)has exactly the same symptoms as substance abuse addictionsD)has restricted withdrawal symptoms compared with other addictions27.According to Passage B,which of the following group of people are more likely to be addicted to video games?A)Those who are pessimistic.B)Those who are not socially skilled.C)Those who cannot control their emotions.D)Those who are afraid of challenges in real life.28.The game addict Adam in Passage C has taken all the following ways to recover himself from game addiction EXCEPT__________.A)keeping himself away from computerB)making his online gaming account unusableC)reducing his contact with game-loving friendsD)forming a support group that follows recovering steps29.The55-year-old Chicago woman in Passage C found it helpful for her recovery from game addiction when she had__________.A)found some creative things to doB)participated in12-step meetingsC)talked things over with AdamD)received therapy and kept praying30-31.Decide whether the statements are True or Falseaccording to the three passages.30.From Passage B and Passage C it can be inferred that many game addicts may get better if they can solve their social and emotional problems.A)True B)False31.All the three passages point out the bad effects of game addiction and provide some solutions.A)True B)False。
2017外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题
赛题分值说明:1.线上初赛: 题型仅为客观题，即Rea.an.Know，Rea.an.Reason，Rea.an.Question三个模块，共40题，答题时间为110分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题3分，第31-40题每题2分。
2.复赛和决赛：题型包含客观题和主观题，即Rea.an.Know，Rea.an.Reason，Rea.an.Question，Rea.an.Create四个模块，共41题，答题时间为150分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题1.5分，第31-40题每题2分，第41题30分。
Read and Know模块考查选手的阅读广度和基础阅读技能, Read and Reason 模块考查选手对不同体裁和题材短篇文本的阅读能力以及阅读逻辑, Read and Question模块考查选手对跨语篇较长文本的综合信息处理和判断能力, Read and Create模块考查选手基于阅读理解的写作输出能力。
大赛样题Part I Read and KnowI.Par.I, yo.wil.rea.shor.text.o.variou.kinds.Rea.th.instruction.carefull.an.answe.t h.questions.(Tim.allowed.2.minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions.Rea.th.followin.quotes.Matc.th.quote.wit.th.people.Pleas.not.ther.ar.tw.extr.option.yo.d.no.need.Question 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.boratorie.an.consultin.rooms plet.th.coupo.toda.an.res.assure.tha.you.donatio.i.goin .t.th.bes.possibl.cause.4.Wher.i.th.piec.o.tex.take.from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestion 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Fe.corner.o.th.worl.remai.untainte.b.intrepi.tourists.an.thei.impac.i.ofte.devastating.To .frequentl.the.trampl.heedlessl.o.fragil.environments.displacin.wildlif.an.loca.populati on.i.thei.insatiabl.ques.fo.unexplore.locations.5.Wha.i.th.bes.titl.fo.thi.text?A. The Future of TourismB. The Role of TourismC. The Price of TourismD. The Benefits of TourismQuestion 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With E-book sales increasing by more than 300% for the second year, publishers delivering new revenue streams through E-book Apps, and academic publishers long having derived some 90% of their revenue online, it is a travesty to describe all this as the publishing world being "in denial" about digital.6.Wha.i.th.mai.ide.o.thi.text?A. Publishers are making profits from E-book sales.B. Not all publishers are threatened by digital storms.C. E-books become a main source of revenue for publishers.D. Traditional publishing industry is dying out.Question 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text..Wit.ou.trave.agency.th.holida.yo.boo.i.th.holida.yo.get.I.yo.arriv.an.fin.we'v.faile .t.liv.u.t.ou.promises.le.u.kno.wha.th.proble.i.withi.on.da.o.you.arrival.We'l.spen.2.ho ur.doin.everythin.possibl.t.sor.th.proble.out.I.th.unlikel.even.tha.w.can'.resolv.you.pro ble.an.mak.yo.happ.withi.2.hours.we'l.fl.yo.hom.an.giv.you.mone.back.7.Th.tex.coul.bes.b.describe.as__________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestion 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.e.The.le.yo.revie.you.picture.th.mo men.yo.tak.them.s.yo.ca.re-shoo.righ.awa.i.you'pute.XXXX.It' .no..replacemen.fo.you.ordinar.camera.8.Wha.i.th.meanin.o.th.missin.wor.XXX.i.th.text?A. "something that is poor quality"B. "an item that is not essential, something extra"C. "something expensive but good value for money"D. "a fashion which always remains popular"Question 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Sh.ha.gon.alone.bu.th.childre.wer.t.g.t.th.statio.t.mee.her.An.lovin.th.statio.a.the.did.i. wa.onl.natura.tha.the.shoul.b.ther..goo.hou.befor.ther.wa.an.chanc.o.Mother'.trai.arrivi ng.eve.i.th.trai.wer.punctual.whic.wa.mos.unlikely.9.Wha.ca.yo.sa.abou.thei.mother'.train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions.Th.ba.char.show.th.numbe.an.proportio.o.undernourishe.peopl.i.th.developin.regions.fro.1990-199.t.2014-rmatio.i.th.chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report 201510.Choos.th.INCORREC.descriptio.abou.th.chart.A. The latest estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not have enough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B. Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9 per cent of undernourished population.C. The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down in the first five years of the new millennium.D. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonI.Par.II.yo.wil.rea.shor.text.o.differen.subjects.Rea.th.instruction.carefull.an.ans we.th.question.base.o.logica.inferenc.an.reasoning.(Tim.allowed.5.minutes) Question 11 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions.Rea.th.followin.definitio.o..logica.fallacy.Answe.th.questio.accordin.t.th.definition.11.Whic.o.th.followin.provide..typica.exampl.of poisonin.th.well?A. . That'catio.system.an.anyon.wh.disagree.wit.m.hate.childr en.B. . Yo.ar.s.weird.Tha.means—w.ar.prett.muc.sure—tha.you.whol.famil.i.weird.too.C. . Go.exist.becaus.th.Bibl.say.so.Th.Bibl.i.inspired.Therefore.w.kno.tha.Go.exists.D. . .don'.car.wha.yo.say.W.don'.nee.an.mor.bookshelves.A.lon.a.th.carpe.i.clean.w.ar .fine.Question 12 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Look at the following picture and then answer the question.12.Whic.o.th.followin.logica.fallacie.doe.th.pictur.illustrate?A. False Dilemma: an argument that presents a limited set of two possible categories and assumes that everything in the scope of the discussion must be an element of that setB. Guilt by Association: a fallacy used to discredit an argument for proposing an idea that is shared by some socially demonized individual or groupC. No True Scotsman: an argument coming up after someone has made a general claim about a group of things and then been presented with evidence challenging that claimD. Hasty Generalization: a fallacy committed when one forms a conclusion from a sample that is either too small or too special to be representativeQuestions 13-14 Reasoning (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)13.Man.peopl.repor.tha.exposur.t.certai.food.an.drink.suc.a.cheese.chocolate.an.re.wi ne.i.associate.wit.th.onse.o.migrain.headaches.Othe.peopl.repor.tha.exposur.t.certai.s mell.(especiall.stron.perfumes.seem.t.trigge..migrain.headache.an.som.not.tha.exposur .t.brigh.an.flickerin.light.ca.b.followe.b..migraine.I.woul.see.tha..perso.wit..tendenc.t. ge.migraine.shoul.tr.t.fin.ou.whic.o.thes.situation.i.associate.wit.th.onse.o.th.headach. an.the.avoi.thi.stimulus.All of the following, if true, would make the above recommendation impractical except:A. The time delay between the trigger and the onset of the headache can make it exceptionally difficult to identify the trigger.B. The presence of a known trigger doesn't always cause a migraine.C. In a high proportion of cases the patients report multiple triggers for their headaches.D. Most of the known triggers are common and almost unavoidable features of modern life.14. Richard: The national budget should provide significant increases in all levels ofeducation in the upcoming year.Natalie: That'.no.fair..reductio.i.defens.spendin.i.peacetim.ma.brin.u.excessiv.risks.W. can'.affor.it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie's argument?A. Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B. Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C. The size of the military budget reflects a state's ability to fund educational activities.D. Compared with military spending, investing in education will create a financial crisis.Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions.Rea.th.tex.abou..scienc.discovery.Answe.th.question.accordin.t.th.text.Manipulating MemoryMemor.i.notoriousl.malleable.Ou.recollection.fad.an.tak.o.ne.meanings.sometime.w.r emembe.thing.tha.neve.eve.happened.But 15 .Recently.however.scientist.hav.starte.t.gras.an.tinke.wit.memory's.ye ar.i.wor.evocativ.o.film.suc.as Eterna.Sunshin.o.th.Spotles.Mind an.Inception.research in.optogenetics..powerfu.techni se.light.I..serie.o.e xperiments.the.showe.tha.the.coul.delet.existin.memorie.and "incept" fals.ones. Thi.year.researcher.wen.eve.further.switchin.th.emotiona.conten.o..memor.i.mic.fro.b ser.fo.example.mal.mic.tha.ha.onc.associate..certai.roo. wit.bein.shocke.wer.tricke.int.actin.a.thoug.the.ha.onc.me.friendl.femal.mic.ther.inste ad.Whethe.th.mic.i.thes.experiment.actuall.experience.vivi.fals.memorie.o.jus..fuzz.sens. o.pleasur.o.fea.i.unclear.No.i.i.clea.whethe.th.finding.appl.t.th.trick.o.memor.s.familia .t.people.Long-sough.therapeuti.advances.suc.a.treatment.fo.post-traumati.stres.disorder.coul.remai.fa.off.On.thin.i.certain.however.Onc.considere.beyo n.scientifi.dissection.memor.i.finall.startin.t.yiel.it.secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the text?A. what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB. scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to themC. advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD. some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not what it really is16. The word "incept" is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A. People's false memories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by later experience on the same spot.B. The success in research indicates that it won't be long that a therapy is worked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C. By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D. Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions.Rea.th.tex.abou.cholera.Decid.whethe.th.statement.ar.Tru.o.Fals.accordin.t.th.text.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholer.i.cause.b..bacteria.infectio.o.th.intestine.Approximatel.on.i.2.peopl.infecte.wit. choler.ha..seriou.case.wit.symptom.includin.sever.diarrhea.vomiting.an.le.cramps.The s.symptom.quickl.caus.dehydratio.an.shock.an.ca.resul.i.deat.withi.hour.i.th.infecte.pe rso.doesn'.receiv.treatment.Choler.i.typicall.transmitte.b.contaminate.foo.o.water.I.are a.wit.poo.treatmen.o.sewag.an.drinkin.water.th.fece.o.peopl.wit.choler.ca.ente.th.wate .suppl.an.sprea.quickly.resultin.i.a.epidemic.Th.choler.bacteriu.ma.als.liv.i.th.environ men.i.som.coasta.waters.s.shellfis.eate.ra.ca.b..sourc.o.choler.i.affecte.areas.18.Choler.i.know.t.b..life-threatenin.diseas.whic.easil.cause.deat.o.mos.o.th.patients. .Tru.( .).Fals.( .)19.Choler.typicall.occur.i.area.nea.th.se.o.th.rive.wher.contaminate.foo.i..majo.sourc. o.th.disease..Tru.( .).Fals.( .)Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions.Rea.th.abstrac.o..researc.pape.fro.th.DeepMin.website.Decid.whethe.th.statement.ar.Tru.o.Fals.accordin.t.th.abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors.K.M.Hermann.T.Kočiský.E.Grefenstette.L.Espeholt.W.Kay.M.Suleyman.P.BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: nguag.document.remain.a.elusiv.challe nge.Machin.readin.system.ca.b.teste.o.thei.abilit.t.answe.question.pose.o.th.conte rg.scal.trainin.an.tes.dataset.hav.bee .missin.fo.thi.typ.o.evaluation.I.thi.wor.w.defin..ne.methodolog.tha.resolve.thi.bo prehensio.data.Thi.allow.u.t.dev work.tha.lear.t.rea.rea.document.an.answe. nguag.structure.20.Previou.studie.didn'.tak.constan.effor.t.evaluat.th.readin.abilit.o.artificia.intelligenc .machines.whic.wa.wh.th.presen.researc.wa.conducted..Tru.( .).Fals.( .)21.On.implicatio.o.th.researc.i.tha..methodolog.tha.help.gathe.an.handl.bi.dat.i.indispe nsabl.t.artificia.intelligenc.relate.studies..Tru.( .).Fals.( .)Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions.Rea.th.tex.abou.th."Thin.small.advertisin.campaign.Answe.th.question.accordin.t.th.text.Think SmallI.you'r.intereste.i.marketin.an.advertising.Volkswagen'."Thin.small.campaig.fo.th.Bee rg.a.on.o.th.greates.advertisin.ca mpaign.o.al.time.I.wasn'.jus..revolutio.i.automotiv.advertising.i.change.th.entir.indust ry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy was full of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle. Th.clean.simpl.photograph.o..whit.backgroun.tha.emphasize.th.Beetle'.compact.practi monplac.thes.days.bu.i.wa..revolutio.i..worl.wher.American.gre.u.o bsesse.wit.muscl.cars.horsepower.an.tir.smoke.Makin.th.ca.small.whe.th.conventio.w you.wa.totall.contra r.t.th.advertisin.convention.o.th.time._.__22_____ Th.tex.wa.minimalis.i.bot.loo.an.content.presentin.th.fact.simpl.instea.o. here.i.a.intelligen.sens.o.humo.t ha.mad.reader.fee.lik.the.wer.i.o.th.joke.Th.messag.wa.on.o.smar.anti-luxury.an.too.gentl.ai.a.a.industr.obsesse.wit.superficialit.an.styling.rathe.tha.th.substa nc.underneat.th.ca.bodies.No.onl.doe."here.i..creat iv.revolutio.i.th.advertisin.busines.an.change.th.worl.o.marketin.forever."Thin.small.showe.th.powe.o.humo.an.honesty.an.it.photographi.an.desig.principle.brough.abou..m ajo.shif.i.th.loo.an.fee.o.marketin.aroun.th.world.22.Whic.o.th.sentence.belo.bes.fit.th.numbere.spac.i.th.text?A. What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy.B. This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad.C. This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on the product itself.D. The car wasn't depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middle class family.23.I.ca.b.inferre.tha.th.advertisin.convention.o.th.1950.wer.reflecte.i.th.followin.excep .that ___________.A. The ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evoking great joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B. The marketing concept then focused on providing as much information as possible to the reader such as the way it's created.C. The marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of living from average consumers' perspective.D. The marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought by the use of exaggerated language.Questions 24-25 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions.Rea.th.followin.si.remark.concernin.th.crowd.Fou.o.the.ar.take.fro.Gustav. L.Bon'.book, Th.Crowd..Stud.o.th.Popula.Mind.Choos.th.tw.remark.tha.ma.NO.b.take .fro.th.book.24-25._______The CrowdA. . I.crowd.i.i.stupidit.an.no.mothe.wi.tha.i.accumulated.B. . Crowd.mos.env.th.lonel.ma.wh.walk.confidentl.a.i.h.i.walkin.wit.th.grea.crowds!C. . .crow.i.no.merel.impulsiv.an.mobile.Lik..savage.i.i.no.prepare.t.admi.tha.anythin. .betwee.it.desir.an.th.realizatio.o.it.desire.D. . .walke.wit.them.a.crowd.hav.tha.effec.o.me..wan.t.d.wha.the.do.t.journe.toward.s es.E. . Crowds.bein.incapabl.bot.o.reflectio.an.o.reasoning.ar.devoi.o.th.notio.o.improba bility.an.i.i.t.b.note.tha.i..genera.wa.i.i.th.mos.improbabl.thing.tha.ar.th.mos.striking.F. . …th.individua.formin.par.o..crow.acquires.solel.fro.numerica.considerations..sentimen.o .invincibl.powe.whic.allow.hi.t.yiel.t.instinct.which.ha.h.bee.alone.h.woul.perforc.hav .kep.unde.restraint.Questions 26-28 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions.Rea.th.tex.abou..fly.Answe.th.question.accordin.t.th.text.The FlyA.tha.momen.th.bos.notice.tha..fl.ha.falle.int.hi.broa.inkpot.an.wa.tryin.feebl.bu.despe ratel.t.clambe.ou.again."Help.Help!.sai.thos.strugglin.legs.Bu.th.side.o.th.inkpo.wer.w e.an.slippery.i.fel.bac.agai.an.bega.t.swim.Th.bos.too.u..pen.picke.th.fl.ou.o.th.ink.an. shoo.i.o.t..piec.o.blotting-.stil.o.th.dar.patc.tha.ooze.roun.it.The.th.fron.leg.waved.too.hold.and.pullin.it.small.sodde.bod.up.i.bega.th.immens.tas.o.cleanin.th.in.fro.it.win gs.Ove.an.under.ove.an.under.wen..le.alon..wing.a.th.ston.goe.ove.an.unde.th.scythe. The.ther.wa..pause.whil.th.fly.seemin.t.stan.o.th.tip.o.it.toes.trie.t.expan.firs.on.win.an st.and.sittin.down.i.began.lik..minut.cat.t.clea.it.face.No.on .coul.imagin.tha.th.littl.fron.leg.rubbe.agains.eac.othe.lightly.joyfully. 27 .26.Whic.o.th.followin.i.NO.tru.accordin.t.th.text?A. The boss saved the fly out of his broad inkpot.B. The fly was trapped by the thick ink on its wings.C. The passage describes how a fly survived an accident.D. The passage shows how a fly conquered a challenge.27.Whic.o.th.followin.statemen.ca.bes.fi.i.th.numbere.space?A. The horrible danger was over; it had escaped; it was ready for life again.B. The boss was relieved now, reassured that the fly had been out of danger.C. But the front legs waved, caught hold, and, more slowly this time, the task restarted.D. But such a grinding feeling of wretchedness seized him that he felt positively frightened.ple.mixtur.o.anythin.bu._______.A. sympatheticB. humorousC. cheerfulD. depressingQuestions 29-30 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions.Rea.th.tex.abou.Chac.Culture.Answe.th.question.accordin.t.th.text.Th."Chac.Culture".a.modern-da.archaeologist.cal.it.flourishe.betwee.roughl.th.9t.an.13t.centurie.A.D.an.wa.centere .a.Chac.Canyo.i.wha.i.no.Ne.Mexico.Th.peopl.o.th.Chac.Cultur.buil.immens.structure.tha.a.time.encompasse.mor.tha.5 0.rooms.The.als.participate.i.long-distanc.trad.tha.brough.cacao.macaw.(.typ.o.parrot).turquois.an.coppe.t.Chac.Canyon.29_______, researchers have to rely on the artifacts and structures they left behind, as well as oral accounts that have been passed on through generations, to reconstruct what their lives were like.Archaeologist.generall.agre.tha.Chac.Canyo.wa.th.cente.o.Chac.Culture.Toda.th.c anyo.i..nationa.par.an..UNESC.Worl.Heritag.Site.Th.Nationa.Par.Servic.estimate.tha.t her.ar.abou.4,00.archaeologica.site.i.th.park.includin.mor.tha..doze.immens.structure.t ha.archaeologist.sometime.cal."Grea.Houses".Archaeologica.researc.ha.reveale.man.d iscoveries.includin..syste.o.road.tha.connecte.man.Chac.Cultur.sites.an.evidenc.o.astr onomica.alignment.tha.indicat.tha.som.Chac.Cultur.structure.wer.oriente.towar.th.sols tic.su.an.luna.standstills.“There has been more archaeological research conducted in Chaco and on the subject of Chaco than on any other prehistoric district in North America,” says a National Park Service statement posted on Chaco Culture National Historical Park's website."Today.twent.Puebloa.group.i.Ne.Mexico.a.wel.a.th.Hop.i.Arizona.clai.Chac.a.th ei.ancestra.homelan.an.ar.tie.t.thi.plac.throug.ora.tradition.an.cla.lineages..numbe.o.N avaj.clan.ar.als.affiliate.wit.Chacoa.site.throug.thei.traditiona.stories,.th.Nationa.Par.S ervic.statemen.says.Despite the fact that there has been an immense amount of archaeological research carried out at Chaco Canyon, and at other Chaco Culture sites in the American Southwest, modern-day archaeologists disagree over what the people of the Chaco Culture were like.Som.archaeologist.thin.tha.th.peopl.o.th.Chac.Cultur.wer.no.politicall.united.whil .som.thin.the.controlle.a.empir.centere.o.Chac.Canyon."Wha.wa.Chaco.Opinion.var. widely.perhap.wildly.Interpretation.rang.fro..valle.o.peacefu.farmin.village.t.th.monu menta.capita.o.a.empire,.wrot.Stephe.Lekson..professo.a.th.Universit.o.Colorad.Bould er.i.a.articl.publishe.i.th.book Th.Architectur.o.Chac.Canyon.Ne.Mexico (Universit.o. Uta.Press.2007).Lekso.note.tha.ther.ar.differen.interpretation.amon.archaeologist.a.t.wha.th.Grea.Hous e.were.Som.archaeologist.believ.tha.the.wer.village.inhabite.b.thousand.o.people.whil .other.thin.tha.the.wer.elit.residence.tha.house..smal.numbe.o.residents.29.Whic.o.th.followin.bes.fit.i.th.numbere.spac.i.th.text?A. The people of the Chaco Culture did not use a writing system and as suchB. While archaeologists are not certain what caused this dramatic population bumpC. When thinking about archaeological sites, we tend to think of them as dead silentD. Since Chaco's national monument status may not protect it from development pressures30.Whic.o.th.followin.statement.ca.w.kno.fro.th.text?A. The people of the Chaco culture were good at foreign trade.B. "Great Houses" were built from approximately the 9th to 13thcentury A.D.C. Most descendants of ancient Chaco people live in New Mexico now.D. Archaeologists hold different ideas about how the people of the Chaco Culture lived.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer's position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer's arguments. (Time allowed: 35 minutes)Questions 31-40 (Suggested completion time: 35 minutes)Directions.Rea.thre.passage.abou.fashion.Answe.th.question.accordin.t.th.passages.Passage AIt'.no.tha.eas.t.answe.th.question."wha.i.fashion?.becaus.i.mean.differen.thing.t.differe n.people.Fashio.i.a.art.It'..religion.It'..job.It'..pee.int..personality.It'.playfulness.It'.a.es cap.o..disguise.I.i..feas.fo.th.eyes.Bu.ultimately, 32 .Frenc.fashio.designe.Coc.Cha ne.onc.said."Fashio.i.no.somethin.tha.exist.i.dresse.only.Fashio.i.i.th.sky.i.th.street.fas hio.ha.t.d.wit.ideas.th.wa.w.live.wha.i.happening."It'.true.Fashio.isn'.define.solel.b.ou.clothin.choices.bu.i.als.conveye.throug.th.wa.w.ca rr.ourselves.ou.personalitie.an.ou.view.o.th.world.A.it.mos.fundamental.fashio.i.simpl .th.prevailin.styl.o.custom.a.i.dres.o.behavior.So, who exactly answers the question "what is fashion"? Who decides what's fashionable and what isn't? What's in or what's out?Fashio.Designers.Th.iconi.fashio.houses—Prada.Gucci.Chanel—ar.referre.t.a.haut.couture.Frenc.fo."hig.sewing".Thes.designer.lea.th.wa.i.creatin.tren d-e .t.everyda.wear.generall.th.them.i.adapte.int.version.suitabl.fo.wearing.Media.Fashio.trend.ar.ofte.sparke.b.character.o.popula.televisio.show.an.movie.a.wel.a.adopte.fro.magazin.pages."Se.an.th.City"."Th.Devi.Wear.Prada".thes.show.introduc e.u.t.new.cutting-edg.designs.Whil.you migh.no.b.caugh.dead wearin..Carri.Bradsha.original.yo.migh.t ak.idea.inspire.fro.he.loo.an.piec.togethe.you.ow.creation.Celebrities..prim.exampl.o..celebrity-drive.fashio.trend.UGGs.Unti.Kat.Hudso.an.Jessic.Simpso.wer.spotte.wearin.the.arou n.L.A.severa.year.ago.n.on.ha.give.an.though.t.UG.boots.No.the.ar.everywhere. e.t.dictatin.fashion.Roc.'n. rol.i.fashion.Elvi.i.a.iconi.example.I.th.1950s.everyon.wante.t.dres.lik.Elvis.Wha.abou .th.heav.meta.hai.band.s.popula.i.th.1980s.Ax.Ros.reinvente.th.hea.bandan.whil.Poiso n.Motle.Cru.an.Bo.Jov.se.th.pac.fo.big.rocke.hair.Jus.becaus.yo.don'.kno.i..Prad.ba.i.fal.200.o.sprin.200.doesn'.matter.Al.tha.matter.i.tha.yo.lik.i.an.it'.a.expressio.o.you.Tha.i.fashion.Passage B[A]munities.Th. moder.societ.i.a.ope.societ.wher.clas.distinction.ar.no.s.rigi.a.i.primitiv.society.It.urba .an.mobil.clas.structur.enable.peopl.t.cultivat.individua.tast.an.adop.ne.course. [B]Ou. standard.o.judgmen.hav.als.changed.Toda.th.individua.i.rate.mor.b.observabl.external itie.tha.b.hi.ancestry.hi.characte.o.hi.genuin.accomplishments.Th.clothe..ma.wears.th.l anguag.h.speaks.th.manner.h.show.hav.mor.weigh.i.ascribin..statu.tha.hi.simplicity.pa triotis.an.integrity.I.h.ca.kee.himsel.u.t.dat.i.th.matter.o.hi.dress.speec.an.manners.h.wil.assur.himsel..hig .socia.esteem. [C]No.onl.th.mobil.an.urba.characte.o.moder.societ.bu.its affluence als. speak.fo.greate.prevalenc.o.fashio.i.it.Me.toda.ar.riche.tha.thei.ancestor.an.hav.mor.lei sure.The.hav.th.necessar.mean.an.tim.t.pla.wit.luxurie.an.t.thin.o.fashion.Maclve.writes.W.d.no.thin.o.fashio.i.overalls.ther.i.mor.o.fashio.i.th.bod.o.a.automobil.tha.i.it.cha ssis.Ther.i.n.fashio.i.stea.shovels. [D]Consequentl.th.highe.th.standar.o.livin.th.mor.materia.ther.i.fo.fashio.t.operat.upon.Passage CA.summe.ha.officiall.fade.int.th.colde.weathe.o.autumn..assume.th.day.o.Nik.shorts.c rg.T-shirt.an.polo.woul.b.onl..memor.o.yesterday.Thi.ha.no.bee.th.case. Fashion.i.an.o.itself.i.alread..typ.o.conformism.I.orde.t.b.considere.fashion..look..gar men.o..stylisti.choic.mus.b.deeme.fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.A..wa.surfin.th.We.recentl.fo.inspiratio.fo.thi.column..cam.acros.th.Prad.website.Wha ..discovere.literall.cause.m.t.gasp.O.course.everyon.know.Prad.i.a.expensiv.brand—.l uxury—bu.wha..discovere.shocke.me..keychai.price.a.$180.No.thi.keychai.wa.no.soli.gol.o.en case.i.diamonds.I.wa.simpl..keychain..skul.wit.th.wor."Prada.o..smal.charm.pan.charg.$18.fo..keychain? Th.answer.peopl.ar.willin.t.pa.fo.it.Peopl.kno. th.bran.an.confor.t.th.ide.o.ownin..piec.o.suc.a.Italia."luxury".Thi.i.nonsensical.Wh.d.w.choos.t.wea.miniscul.short.i.frigi.weathe.o.spen.nearl.$20.o. .charm.Suc.decision.ar.influence.b.peers.th.medi.an.th.persona.resolutio.t.no.mak.rati onal.individualisti.choices. W.clin.t.th.ide.o.acceptance.I.short.w.ofte.choos.t.abid.b.th.pressure.o.socia.conventionality.an.thi.lead.u.t.mak.rid iculou.selections—pairin.Ug.boot.wit.short.o.wearin.neo.wit.camouflage—whic.w.woul.otherwis.no.make..a.certainl.shameface.i.m.occasiona.conformit.t.thes.ludicrou.fashio.folkways..a.guilt. o.donnin.Croc.i.public.Yikes!Transient.ofte.preposterou.trend.referre.t.a.fad.inspir.som.rathe.strang.ideas.Wh.ca.rec al.th.pe.rock.o.th.'70.o.Popple.o.th.'80s. Suc.po.trend.ar.no.confine.t.behavior.the.blee. int.th.fashio.world.evidence.i.overl.distresse.jeans.th.mos.painfu.o.neo.shades.shoe.th a.resembl.Swis.chees.an..hos.o.othe.fad..d.no.hav.th.spac.t.mention.mo.sense.prehen.tha.short.ar.fo.th.summe.an.ridiculousl.expensiv.keychain.ar.f o.“never.” D.no.allo.other.t.dictat.fo.you.B.bold.B.a.individual.D.no.bu.th.keychain.31.Th.phrase "migh.no.b.caugh.dead" i.Passag..mos.probabl.mean.______.A. would rather not die anywayB. might not be caught red handedC. would refuse completely to do somethingD. might be uneasy though doing something32.Whic.o.th.followin.bes.fit.th.numbere.spac.i.Passag.A?A. fashion is an individual statement of expression for each of usB. fashion facilitates social change by providing a transitional stageC. fashion is not an individual choice but a group choiceD. fashion determines our speech, opinion, dress, music, art, etc.33.I.ca.b.inferre.fro.Passag..tha.fashio.designers.media.celebritie.an.musician.shar.th.f ollowin.view.excep.______.A. that fashion is anything but separated from the daily life of ordinary peopleB. that nothing completely absurd and unrealistic can finally become fashionC. that fashion is what society accepts and has an element of social sanction behind itD. that if a particular choice remains confined to an individual it can't be called fashion34.Th.word "affluence" i.Passag..i.closes.i.meanin.t.______.A. versatilityB. wealthiness。
2020“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛样题
2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛（90min）Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time suggested: 20 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes with the people. Please note there are three extra options you do not need.careful perusal, one might properly say study, of it—save bewilderment and a sense of disgust. It should be companioned with a key and a glossary like the Berlitz books...4. Which of the following works does the book review address?A.UlyssesB.The OdysseyC.In Search of Lost TimeD.One Hundred Years of SolitudeQuestion 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.I like the fact that the study focuses on a French classroom, which receives less attention in Second Language Acquisition research than other foreign language classrooms.However, for reasons that I elaborate on below, I do not recommend this manuscript for publication. I recommend that the author consults the Journal of Language, Identity, and Education. That journal might be a better fit for this paper.5. The text could best be described as __________.A. a conclusionB. a summaryC. a reviewD. a pledgeQuestion 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.My Lord,I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of The World, that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the public, were written by your lordship. To be so distinguished isan honor which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.Seven years, my lord, have now passed, since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door; during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication, without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a patron before.6. This text is taken from a letter which showed the writer’s __________ the Lord.A.gratitude towardsB.indifference toC.contempt forD.respect forQuestion 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Because of social media, words are moving around theworld within weeks and months, whereas in the past, itcould take a few years, says Julie Coleman, author of TheLife of Slang. “It’s not necessarily that language is changingmore quickly, but technologies have developed and theyallow the transmission of slang terms to pass from onegroup to another much more quickly.”7. The main purpose of the text is to ________.A.explain the quick migration of slangB.imply the unnecessary change of languageC.exemplify the advancement of technologyD.introduce the book The Life of SlangQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.When hunting raccoons for fur was a popular sport, huntingdogs were used to sniff them out of trees. As they are XXXXanimals, the hunting party had to work at night, and the dogswould sometimes end up choosing the wrong tree, or as the idiomgoes, “bark up the wrong tree.” The term was first printed in abook by Davy Crockett in 1833.8. Which word is the best substitution for the missing word XXXX?A.solitaryB.aggressiveC.nocturnalD.herbivorousQuestion 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the details about a euphemism, and answer the question according to the details.A. B. C. D. Directions: The bar chart shows the share of UN procurement from Global Compact members from 2010 to 2014. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: 2014 Annual Statistical Report on United Nations Procurement , the United Nations Office for Project Services, 201510. Choose the INCORRECT description of the chart.A. The share of UN procurement volume from Global Compact members grew steadily over thefive years in terms of absolute volume.B. In 2013, the total procurement volume dropped noticeably, and so did the procurement fromGlobal Compact members.C. In 2014, the total procurement volume increased greatly, causing a drop in the share ofprocurement from Global Compact members.D. The proportion of procurement from Global Compact members was not in line with thegeneral trend of procurement from Global Compact members.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time suggested: 40 minutes)Question 11 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following definition of a logical fallacy. Answer the question according to the definition.D. To see viruses, one must have a microscope. This follows if William Carroll said he sawviruses, he must have used a microscope.Question 12 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the definition of one type of logical fallacy. Answer the question according to the definition.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of Texas Sharpshooter fallacy ? A. I won ’t pay the parking ticket because the traffic sign here says “Fine for Parking”! B. Cola is healthy because it sells best among the top five healthiest countries in the world. C. We can ’t exploit the outer space because many people on Earth hardly make ends meet.D. Questions 13-14 Reasoning. (Suggested completion time: 8 minutes)In a swimming competition, Matt, Alen and Johnson won a medal respectively: the gold medal, the silver medal and the bronze medal. The coach made a guess : “Matt won the gold medal, Alen didn ’t win the gold medal and Johnson didn ’t win the bronze medal .” Unfortunately, only one of them is right.13. Who won the gold medal, who won the silver, and who won the bronze medal?A. Matt: gold medal; Johnson: silver medal; Alen: bronze medal.B. Alen: gold medal; Johnson: silver medal; Matt: bronze medal.C. Johnson: gold medal; Alen: silver medal; Matt: bronze medal.D. Matt: gold medal; Alen: silver medal; Johnson: bronze medal.14. Richard: The national budget should provide significant increases in all levels of education inthe upcoming year.Natalie: That’s not fair. A reduction in defense spending in peacetime may bring us excessiverisks. We can’t afford it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie’s argument?A. Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B. Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C. The size of the military budget reflects a state’s ability to fund educational activities.D. Compared with military spending, investing in education will create a financial crisis. Questions 15-16 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the text and decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.QuestionsQuestions define tasks, express problems, and delineateissues. They drive thinking forward. Answers, on the otherhand, often signal a full stop in thought. Only when ananswer generates further questions does thought continueas inquiry. A mind with no questions is a mind that is notintellectually alive. No questions (asked) equals no understanding (achieved). SuperficialTexas Sharpshooter Fallacy Texas Sharpshooter fallacy is an informal fallacy which occurs when someone jumps to the that a cluster in some data must be the result of a cause, usually one that it is clustered around.questions equal superficial understanding, unclear questions equal unclear understanding. If your mind is not actively generating questions, you are not engaged in substantial learning.15. The main purpose of the text is to define “questions”.True ( ) False ( )16. It can be inferred that a mind filled with questions will surely be engaged in substantial learning.True ( ) False ( )Questions 17-18 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about the sugar industry, and answer the questions according to the information in the text.How the Sugar Industry Shifted Blame to FatThe internal sugar industry documents, recently discovered by a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, and published Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine, suggest that the sugar industry may have manipulated the research into the role of sugar in heart disease.The documents show that a trade group called the Sugar Research Foundation, known today as the Sugar Association, paid three Harvard scientists the equivalent of about $50,000 in today’s terms to publish a 1967 review of research into sugar, fat and heart disease. The studies used in the review were handpicked by the sugar group, and the article, which was published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine, minimized the link between sugar and heart health and cast aspersions on the role of saturated fat.Even though the influence-meddling revealed in the documents dates back nearly 50 years, more recent reports show that the food industry has continued to influence nutrition science.Last year, an article in The New York Times revealed that Coca-Cola, the world’s largest producer of sugary beverages, had provided millions of dollars in funding to researchers who sought to play down the link between sugary drinks and obesity. In June, The Associated Press reported that candy makers were funding studies that claimed that children who eat candy tend to weigh less than those who do not.The revelations are important because the debate about the relative harms of sugar and saturated fat continues today, Dr. Glantz said. For many decades, health officials encouraged Americans to reduce their fat intake, which led many people to consume low-fat, high-sugar foods that some experts now blame for fueling the obesity crisis.Today, the saturated fat warnings still remain a cornerstone of th e government’s dietary guidelines, though in recent years the American Heart Association, the World Health Organization and other health authorities have also begun to warn that too much added sugar may increase risks of cardiovascular disease.17. The word handpicked in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.A.carefully chosen in a highly scientific wayB.carried out with the best research findingsC.tailored to the needs of the sugar industryD.done by scientists from Harvard University18. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A.Manufacturers of sugar related food are funding studies aimed at finding the relationshipbetween sugar and health.B.Scientific research may not produce accurate results when funding for the research isprovided by agents who are not impartial.C.It is now accepted in the US that sugar and saturated fat are both responsible for anincreasing risk of heart disease.D.The industry-funded research plays an important and informative role in that it shapes theoverall scientific debate.Questions 19-20 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about MasterCard. Answer the questions according to the passage.MasterCardis making it easier for charities to get help quickly to the people who really need it, and ensure that donations are actually being used for good. The MasterCard Aid Network, launched last September, distributes a version of the company’s plastic cards that come loaded with points that can be redeemed at certain merchants for groceries, medicine, shelter and even building materials or business supplies. The chip-enabled system can be deployed in a day or two compared to the weeks required to create and import paper vouchers.The system doesn’t require an Internet connection—a boon in off-the-grid areas where many refugees and disaster victims are concentrated. Still, the transactions enable organizations to collect data on what card recipients redeem, allowing charities to protect against fraudulent use and gather insight into beneficiaries’ needs.So far, organizations including Save the Children, World Vision and Mercy Corps have distributed cards to more than 75,000 people, from earthquake victims in Nepal to those in war-torn Yemen. MasterCard, which charges the charities fees for the service, says the program is profitable. The United Nations also recently named MasterCard the leader of an initiative to improve the distribution of humanitarian aid in emergencies, with a focus on the data management and privacy aspect.19. What is the passage mainly about?A.How MasterCard as for-profit company joins hands with world charity organizations.B.How MasterCard can keep an edge by its technological innovation in the world market.C.How MasterCard made its transformation from a for-profit company to a non-profit one.D.How MasterCard shortened the path between troubled populations and the aid they need.20. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Without the efforts of the Company, charities could not have protected against fraudulentuse of donations.B.MasterCard will perform a more important role in the international rescue and aid programswith technology developments.C.The plastic cards the MasterCard Aid Network distributes to needed people are similar tocredit cards but paid by donators.D.MasterCard earns money from charging fees for service and then gives the money torefugees and natural disaster victims.Questions 21-23 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about virtual reality and augmented reality, and answer the questions according to the information in the text.Virtual Reality vs. Augmented RealityOne of the biggest confusions in the world of augmented reality is the difference between augmented reality and virtual reality. Both are earning a lot of media attention and are promising tremendous growth.Virtual reality (VR) is an artificial, computer-generated simulation or recreation of a real-life environment or situation. It immerses the user by making them feel they are experiencing the simulated reality firsthand, primarily by stimulating their vision and hearing.Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that layers computer-generated enhancements atop an existing reality in order to make it more meaningful through the ability to interact with it. AR is developed into apps and used on mobile devices to blend digital components into the real world in such a way that they enhance one another, but can also be told apart easily.Augmented reality and virtual reality are similar in that both are inverse reflections of one in another with what each technology seeks to accomplish and deliver for the user. Virtual reality offers a digital recreation of a real-life setting, while augmented reality delivers virtual elements as an overlay to the real world. Both leverage some of the same types of technology, and they each exist to serve the user with an enhanced or enriched experience.However, the two also differ from each other in various ways. Augmented reality enhances experiences by adding virtual components such as digital images, graphics, or sensations as a new layer of interaction with the real world. It is being used more and more in mobile devices such as laptops, smart phones, and tablets to change how the real world and digital images, graphics intersect and interact. Contrastingly, virtual reality creates its own reality that is completely computer generated and driven. It is usually delivered to the user through a head-mounted or hand-held controller. This equipment connects people to the virtual reality, and allows them to control and navigate their actions in an environment meant to simulate the real world.21-23. Which THREE of the following statements can be inferred from the text?A.Augmented reality shows virtual elements on top of the real world, while virtual realityrecreates real-life situations in a digital way.B. A virtual reality dressing room may allow shoppers to virtually try on their purchases quicklyand easily without really having to put them on.C.Virtual reality is able to transpose us by taking us to some other place, while augmentedreality, in contrast, never moves us elsewhere.D.With augmented reality, you can , and with virtual reality, you can .E.Both augmented and virtual realities utilize some of the same types of technology and offerpeople enriched experiences.F.Augmented reality will enable an immobile patient to go out of the room and enjoy his/herfavorite sights, sounds and smells in the country.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-31 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Passage ANonverbal communication is often spontaneous and unintentional, and its meaning may be ambiguous. For one thing, different nonverbal codes can indicate the same meaning while one nonverbal code can have different meanings in diverse contexts. Think about your expression of love toward your parents. Have your affective words or behavior remained the same over the past 18 years? Do you feel the same when a friend gives you a hug at the news that you have failed an exam and at the time when you have won an award? In addition, people may use masking, a facial management technique, to replace an expression of true feeling with one appropriate for a given interaction. For instance, your friend Mary is suffering from a fever but still smiles at you to confirm that she’s OK.Culture, technology, and situation all serve as powerful influences on our nonverbal behavior. What may be an innocent gesture in one group, context, region, or country can convey a different and possibly offensive message elsewhere. For example, American people are accustomed to making direct eye contact when speaking to someone, whether a friend or a professor. However, in some East Asian cultures, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, direct eye contact in interactive communication is not required. In fact, such long-time direct eye contact, when facing superiors or elders, might be considered a sign of disrespect and challenge. Similarly, some cultures are contact cultures so that touch is an important form of communication, whereas other cultures are non-contact cultures so touching is generally avoided. For example, a socially polite touch involves a handshake between American men but may include a kiss between Arab or European men. Some religions prohibit opposite-sex touching between unmarried or unrelated individuals.Nonverbal communication can be found in our electronic written communication such as email, text messaging, and Internet chat rooms. 25 We use all capital letters to indicate shouting, random punctuation (#@*&!) to substitute for obscenities, and type treatments such as boldfacing and italicizing for emphasis. We use color, font styles and sizes, animations, figures, diagrams, and pictures in attempts to express emotion or help users visualize the sender or the message in context. We expect others to use emoticons to express emotion in mediated texts (). Since we can’t hear voice inflection or see facial expressions in many mediated situations, your preferences for screen text size, whether you leave a few explanatory lines, and whether you attach or compress files all say something about you to others. As the Internet allows users to have visual, audio, and text contact, with refinements, speakers have the potential to be even more persuasive than in face-to-face conversations across distances.Passage BNo one likes taking out the garbage. But in Japan the chore is compounded by an added element:The neighbors are watching. No, I’m not being paranoid. They’re watching.Every time I take my trash down to the curb, in its regulation translucent white bag, I can feel their eyes peering through the plastic at my milk cartons, my egg containers, and my disposable chopsticks. They can see everything.I first realized my garbage and I were not alone on a Monday a few months ago, when I was bringing down a bag of old cereal boxes, soggy refrigerator leftovers, and coffee grounds. My landlady, who lives on the first floor, was outside watering her garden. Her eyes took in the contents of my trash.“No, today is Monday. It’s plastics day,” she said.“Oh,” I replied, “I guess they changed the pick-up schedule.” Her eyes fluttered to the ground, studiously avoiding mine. “No, Monday has always been plastics day,” she said.Over the next few minutes, in the muddled mix of Japanese and English we use to communicate, my landlady explained that she often would take my garbage away if I had put it out on the wrong day, store it in her house, and then bring it out again on the proper day.As I walked back upstairs, lugging my unwanted trash, it hit me: For the year and a half since I’d been living in the apartment, she’d been watching me, peeping from behind her rose bushes: scurrying to the curb after I’d been there, checking to see whether I’d followed the correct garbage protocol. That’s when I learned the hard truth: When it comes to garbage in Japan, there’s no such thing as privacy. Garbage is public property, something to which your neighbors can claim snooping privileges. As a foreigner in this homogenous land, my activities garner more attention, and more criticism, than most. I’ve started wondering what else my neighbors notice. What else am I doing wrong?What I found most disturbing about the exchange was that my landlady had been reluctant for so long to confront me directly. We see each other constantly, sometimes we have pleasant little chats, or she comes upstairs when something is broken. Yet she could never bear to tell me that I had mixed up the tr ash schedule. Pointing out one’s mistakes is considered rude in Japan.As a foreigner with rudimentary Japanese, I expected the language barrier to be the biggest obstacle to living here. I was wrong. Learning to navigate Japan, perhaps any foreign country, is all about reading the subtle cultural cues, not the alphabet. Most things in Japan remain unspoken, especially the improper and the unpleasant.Passage CThe most powerful voice you have, no one else can hear. It is a voice shaping your destiny, ability to cope with triumph or disaster, and how you engage with and inspire others in any quest you face. This voice ultimately determines your success as a communicator and the success of your communications. It is the voice within your head.The starting point for being an outstanding public relations communicator is recognizing that you deliver communications not just through your words, signs or gestures. Nor do you deliver just through your body language. You communicate through the way you think.You pro bably know of people who can easily comment on other people’s problems but are blindto their own shortcomings. The ability to understand yourself, your own emotions, and know how your mind works is known as your intrapersonal skill. Having self-awareness and understanding of yourself makes it possible subsequently to develop fully your interpersonal skills. Your intrapersonal skill is essentially how you can manage your own thinking—the ability to understand how your thinking works and ultimately master the voice in your head.Everyone has an inner voice that creates an internal dialogue, a self-talk, which shapes and progresses their thinking and communication. (Your self-talk is not a sign of delusional behavior!) This self-talk lies at the heart of your subsequent communications. If you are unclear in your mind about how you feel and understand about an issue, the probability is that your subsequent communications will reflect this uncertainty, or fail to convince.The image of Sir Bob Geldof when he launched Band Aid in 1984 is a good example of someone with a clear sense of passion and belief, who initially had limited resources—at the outset his campaign was just him and his intense reaction to watching BBC news coverage of famine scenes in Ethiopia. Yet he succeeded in creating a major brand and raising valuable funds for famine relief. His clear sense of purpose fueled his passion to overcome the odds. A committed community activist can likewise often outwit and outperform a well-oiled and well-funded formal public relations programme; witness the success of groups like Greenpeace against major oil companies.The potential of the focused few was recognized by sociologist Margaret Mead: “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” The starting point for your journey in understanding and becoming an outstanding public relations communicator is to examine what shapes your thinking and how it is manifested in your communications.24. Which statement is true about the ambiguity of nonverbal communication?A.It leads to vagueness in nonverbal codes in a given context.B.Intended meanings of nonverbal codes cannot be conveyed fully.C.It stems from the spontaneity and randomness of nonverbal codes.D.True feelings can be hidden by the ambiguity of nonverbal codes.25. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in Passage A?A.It supersedes all other forms because of its effectiveness.B.There is a whole series of substitutions for nonverbal codes.C.People are born with a natural ability to communicate nonverbally.D.Interpretation of nonverbal codes relies on sensation and experiences.26. The word navigate in the last paragraph of Passage B means__________.A.roaming about freelyB.keep close contact withC.familiarize oneself withD.sail smoothly along27. What can be deciphered from Japan’s trash codes?A.Japanese tend to present their remarks in an explicit way.B.Trash is public property from which neighbors may intrude upon one’s privacy.文档收集于互联网，已重新整理排版.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.C.The language barrier is an obstacle to dealing with the trash business.D.People not following the correct trash protocol will be considered rude.28. According to P assage C, the voice in one’s head__________.A.matters more than any vocal messagesB.should precede one’s subsequent communicationsC.can help avoid potential misunderstanding in some wayD.determines the development of one’s interpersonal skills29. How do people’s personal communica tion skills affect their public relations?A.Self awareness of how you think will affect your ability to communicate effectively.B.Effective public relation communications are delivered through nonverbal codes.C.Successful public relations are determined by the voice qualities of communicators.municators with passion and beliefs have stronger chances of outwitting their rivals.30-31. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the three passages.30. Nonverbal codes in electronic written communications may well be more effective than face-to-face conversations.True ( ) False ( )31. It’s vital to take age, culture, region, gender, and emotional state into account when comprehending body language gestures.True ( ) False ( )11文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.。
“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛样题.pdf
2017“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛Task 1 Argumentative WritingWrite an essay in response to the passage below. You should state clearly whether you agree or disagree with the passage and explain your reasons for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the author’s opinion might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. You should write about 500 words.If you still think of the Internet as a means of opening up a vast world of information to people, you may be completely wrong. Playing a positive role in its early days, the Internet is now enclosing people in a walled room.Have you noticed that when different people google the same thing, for example, “Chinese culture” or “America”, they get different search results? Websites selectively guess which information is appropriate to a user based on his/her location, past-click behavior and search history, and tailor information and recommendations accordingly. The more one uses the Internet, the more likely one is kept away from different opinions, and trapped in one’s own cultural ideological bubble. The situation worsens when Internet-boosted social networks creep into every corner of our lives. Although there seems to be a large amount of information updated almost every second, the information is only available from people’s friend-circles or the subscriptions (公众号) they choose. Beyond these circles and choices, people do not really have access to the unknown. They become imprisoned in a confined world.Task 2 Expository WritingThe following graphs show the development of the mobile Internet and its use for reading in China. Write an essay based on the graphs. In your essay, you should summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 300 words but no more than 500 words.Graph 1: Number of mobile Internet users and annual growth rates (2011-2017)Graph 2: Market size for mobile Internet reading products and annual growth rates (2011-2017)。
2017外研社杯英语写作比赛题目
2017外研社杯英语写作比赛题目看看外研社杯历年来英语写作比赛中的题目有么有什么改变或者变化呢？下面是店铺给大家整理的外研社杯英语写作比赛题目及参考范文，供大家参阅!外研社杯英语写作比赛题目及范文篇1类型一：记叙文写作(Narrative Writing)比赛内容：选手完成一篇记叙文写作(600-800词)。
侧重考查选手的阅读理解、语言运用、细节描写、形象思维、创意构思、人文素养等综合能力。
评分标准：比赛样题：Sample task 1Read the story starter and continue the story. Complete the story in 600-800 words.The little man came up to me as I was about to enter the telephone box, and asked me whether I had a match. “I’m sorry,” I said. “I don’t smoke, so I haven’t any. You had better ask someone else.”He looked rather disappointed, hesitated, and then turned away. I watched him walk slowly down the street before I picked up the telephone directory to look up the number I meant to dial.I am not used to a public call box so, at my first attempt to get through, the warning pips had stopped before I realized I had to insert a coin.When I was at last able to speak, I was told that the person whom I urgently wanted to give a message to had just that minute gone out.Swearing slightly under my breath, I emerged from the box and came face to face with the little man, who was looking aspathetic as a stray dog. As he raised his hat again, I could see he was quite bald. A thin line, resembling a duelling scar, crossed one cheek. He spoke nervously.“Excuse my troubling you again,” he said. “May I walk along with you a little way? I must confide in someone. I need help desperately.”Sample task 2Look at the pictures, and write a story that fits the pictures and the sequence. Your story should be 600-800 words.外研社杯英语写作比赛题目及范文篇2类型二：议论文写作(Argumentative Writing)比赛内容：选手完成一篇议论文写作(800词左右)。
XX7“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛样题
2017“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛Task 1 Argumentative WritingWrite an essay in response to the passage below. You should state clearly whether you agree or disagree with the passage and explain your reasons for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the author’s opinion might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. You should write about 500 words.If you still think of the Internet as a means of opening up a vast world of information to people, you may be completely wrong. Playing a positive role in its early days, the Internet is now enclosing people in a walled room.Have you noticed that when different people google the same thing, for example, “Chinese culture” or “America”, they get different search results? Websites selectively guess which information is appropriate to a user based on his/her location, past-click behavior and search history, and tailor information and recommendations accordingly. The more one uses the Internet, the more likely one is kept away from different opinions, and trapped in one’s own cultural ideological bubble. The situation worsens when Internet-boosted social networks creep into every corner of our lives. Although there seems to be a large amount of information updated almost every second, the information is only available from people’s friend-circles or the subscriptions (公众号) they choose. Beyond these circles and choices, people do not really have access to the unknown. They become imprisoned in a confined world.Task 2 Expository WritingThe following graphs show the development of the mobile Internet and its use for reading in China. Write an essay based on the graphs. In your essay, you should summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 300 words but no more than 500 words.Graph 1: Number of mobile Internet users and annual growth rates (2011-2017)Graph 2: Market size for mobile Internet reading products and annual growth rates (2011-2017)古希腊哲学大师亚里士多德说：人有两种，一种即“吃饭是为了活着”,一种是“活着是为了吃饭”.一个人之所以伟大，首先是因为他有超于常人的心。
2017外研社杯英语写作大赛样题
2017外研社杯英语写作大赛样题2017年，不知外研社杯英语写作大赛的样题是怎么样的?下面是店铺给大家整理的2017外研社杯英语写作大赛样题，供大家参阅! 2017外研社杯英语写作大赛样题篇1Sample task 1Write a passage based on the chart below, which shows the influences of various factors on work performance in two age groups. You should summarize the features of the two groups and make comparisons. You should write about 600 words.Sample task 2Write a passage to introduce the Chinese Moon Festival to foreigners. You should write about 600 words.English Reading Contest2017外研社杯英语写作大赛样题篇2Read the story starter and continue the story. Complete the story in 600-800 words.The little man came up to me as I was about to enter the telephone box, and asked me whether I had a match.“I’m sorry,” I said. “I don’t smoke, so I haven’t any. You had better ask someone else.”He looked rather disappointed, hesitated, and then turned away. I watched him walk slowly down the street before I picked up the telephone directory to look up the number I meant to dial.I am not used to a public call box so, at my first attempt to get through, the warning pips had stopped before I realized I had to insert a coin.When I was at last able to speak, I was told that the person whom I urgently wanted to give a message to had just that minute gone out.Swearing slightly under my breath, I emerged from the box and came face to face with the little man, who was looking as pathetic as a stray dog. As he raised his hat again, I could see he was quitebald. A thin line, resembling a duelling scar, crossed one cheek. He spoke nervously.“Excuse my troubling you again,” he said. “May I walk along with you a little way? I must confide in someone. I need help desperately.”2017外研社杯英语写作大赛样题篇3Write a passage in response to the report below. You should discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the report and explain your reasons for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the report’sopinion might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. You should write about 800 words.Newsweek, the venerable weekly publication that will be remembered for its decades-longeffortsfor a spot on consumers’ coffee table s, has shut down its print edition at the end of 2012, but it lives onin a new digital tablet edition known as Newsweek Global. As Tina Brown, the Newsweek editor, said,this tablet edition will target a “new highly mobile, opinion-leading audience who want to learn aboutworld events in a sophisticated context.”The move should not shock. The publication has faced major financial problems in recent years. The numbers tell the tale:Newsweek’s circulation has fallen in the number of subscribers from 3 million to 1.5 million in the last decade; annual losses were thought to be $40 million. More broadly,the company faces a more existential problem in that a “weekly news” magazine has become an anachronism in the digital world.Newsweek is not the only one that has to tackle the challenge in the digital time; other outlets will continue to change their business models for a digital future. With the “imminent death” of print,digital formats come out as an inevitable development that could turn the industry’s f ortune around.Sample task 2Read the following two paragraphs with contradicting views, and write a passage on the issue. You should clearly state your opinion and explain the reasons for your opinion. You should write about 800 words.Tablets are the ideal system of organization in schools. They are convenient, in which muchinformation is stored in small sizes and kept together in one place, and cheap, as digital informationis now becoming more affordable than print. As evolution continues to rock the modern world, digitaldevices will become more and more reliable. Someday, they will entirely replace print books, and hopefully, that day will come soon.Many may argue that tablets are much more convenient than paper books. But not everyone sharesthis preference of tablets or finds them convenient. In fact, in a study conducted by Book Industry Study Group (BISG), it wasfound that 75% of college students preferred traditional textbooks in which they can highlight the key words and write notes. Also, some may suggest that it is cheaper toinvest in tablets than textbooks. In fact, in a 2008 study of public schools in Kentucky it was estimatedthat the cost of textbooks and supplies totaled around $44 million. The cost per school was around $988for textbooks and supplies. That is roughly the cost of only two tablets. To provide tablets to all thestudents in a school would be an enormous sum. Therefore, we may conclude that while tablets have。
XX7“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛样题
2017“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛Task 1 Argumentative WritingWrite an essay in response to the passage below. You should state clearly whether you agree or disagree with the passage and explain your reasons for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the author’s opinion might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. You should write about 500 words.If you still think of the Internet as a means of opening up a vast world of information to people, you may be completely wrong. Playing a positive role in its early days, the Internet is now enclosing people in a walled room.Have you noticed that when different people google the same thing, for example, “Chinese culture” or “America”, they get different search results? Websites selectively guess which information is appropriate to a user based on his/her location, past-click behavior and search history, and tailor information and recommendations accordingly. The more one uses the Internet, the more likely one is kept away from different opinions, and trapped in one’s own cultural ideological bubble. The situation worsens when Internet-boosted social networks creep into every corner of our lives. Although there seems to be a large amount of information updated almost every second, the information is only available from people’s friend-circles or the subscriptions (公众号) they choose. Beyond these circles and choices, people do not really have access to the unknown. They become imprisoned in a confined world.Task 2 Expository WritingThe following graphs show the development of the mobile Internet and its use for reading in China. Write an essay based on the graphs. In your essay, you should summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 300 words but no more than 500 words.Graph 1: Number of mobile Internet users and annual growth rates (2011-2017)Graph 2: Market size for mobile Internet reading products and annual growth rates (2011-2017)古希腊哲学大师亚里士多德说：人有两种，一种即“吃饭是为了活着”,一种是“活着是为了吃饭”.一个人之所以伟大，首先是因为他有超于常人的心。
2017上外杯-初赛
2017年“上外杯”上海市高中英语竞赛初赛试题Array考生注意：一、本卷共11页、75小题，满分100分。
答卷时间90分钟。
二、本卷所有题目均为选择题，请将所选答案用2B铅笔点涂在答题卡上。
I. Vocabulary （12分）Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need. ArrayOnce when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book about a jungle, called True Stories. It showed a boa constrictor swallowing a wild beast.In the book it said: "Boa constrictors swallow their prey whole,____1____. Afterward they are no longer able to move, and they sleep during the six months of their digestion."In those days I thought a lot about jungle adventure, and eventually ____2____my first drawing, using a colored pencil. My Drawing Number One.I showed the grown-ups my masterpiece, and I asked them if the drawing scared them.They answered: " Why be scared by a hat?"My drawing was not a picture of a hat. It was a picture of a boa constrictor ____3____. Then I drew the inside of the boa constrictor, so that the grown-ups could understand. They always ____4____.The grown-ups advised me to put away my drawings of boa constrictors, the inside or the outside, and apply myself ____5____ to geography, history, arithmetic and grammar. That is why, I ____6____, at the age of six, a magnificent career as an artist. I had been discouraged by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two. Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves, and it is ____7____ to provide explanation over and over again.So then I had to choose another career, and learned to ____8____. I have flown almost everywhere in the world. And ____9____, geography has been a big help to me. I can tell China from Arizona at first glance, which is very useful if you get lost during the night.So I have had, ____10____, lots of encounters with lots of serious people. I have spent lots of time with grown-ups. I have seen them at close range… which hasn’t much improved my opinion of them.Whenever I encountered a grown-up who seemed to me at all enlightened, I would ____11____ him with my Drawing Number One, which I have always kept. I wanted to see if hereally understood anything. But he would always answer, "That is a hat." Then I wouldn’t talkabout boa constrictors or jungles or stars. I would ____12____. I would talk about bridge and golfand politics and neckties. And the grown-up was glad to know such a reasonable person.II. Grammar （8分）Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.The eighth chapter is exceedingly brief, and relates that Gibbons, the amateur naturalist of the district, ____13____ lying out on the spacious open downs without a soul ____14____ a couple of miles of him, as he thought, and almost dozing, heard close to him the sound as of a man coughing, sneezing, and ____15____ swearing savagely to himself; and looking, beheld nothing. Yet the voice was indisputable. It continued to swear with that breadth and variety ____16____ distinguishes the swearing of a cultivated man. It grew to a climax, diminished again, and died ____17____ in the distance, going ____18____ it seemed to him in the direction of Adderdean. It lifted to a spasmodic sneeze and ended. Gibbons had heard nothing of the morning's occurrences, ____19____ the phenomenon was so striking and disturbing that his philosophical tranquillity vanished; he got up hastily, and hurried ____20____ the steepness of the hill towards the village, as fast as he could go.III. Cloze （30分）Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Everybody has heard of Jimmy Carter. As president of the United States from 1977 to 1981, he oversaw a particularly ____21____ time in American history. Americans taken hostage in the Middle East, major gasoline shortages around the ____22____, and a poor relationship with a potential enemy – the Soviet Union – are hardly the stuff of pleasant memories.Yet even though Carter held America’s most powerful office, he will probably be ___23____ more for the work he has done since he left the White House. His ____24____ on humanitarian issues around the world sets him apart as a caring, dedicated person who wants to see those of low economic or social status ____25____ from the great wealth, power, and generosity of this country.One of the major ____26____ Carter has focused on throughout his career is peace in the Middle East. He ____27____ a national energy policy designed to reduce American dependence on foreign oil long before it was popular to do so and negotiated peace treaty between Israel and Egypt. ____28____, he was among the first to insist publicly on basic human rights for everyone around the world, and he founded a non-profit organization, The Carter Center, to work towards that end. In his opinion, this includes ____29____ modern health care to developing nations in order to contain disease and improve quality of life around the world.However, Carter does not focus all his efforts abroad. He works actively to improve the standard of living ____30____ as well. He and his wife Roslyn are enthusiastic supporters of Habitat for Humanity. This volunteer-based organization devotes itself to building affordable but quality housing for those who ____31____ might not be able to buy a home. Voluntary workerscome together in their own free time to construct, paint, and landscape simple homes, working side-by-side with the families that will ____32____ the residences. Habitat does more than build houses; it builds ____33____.For all these reasons, Carter deserves respect for dedicating his career to public ____34____. Everyone can agree with his impressive charity and acknowledge his obvious ____35____ to all of humanity.21. A. powerful B. tough C. different D. unique22. A. world B. country C. West D. East23. A. remembered B. criticized C. well-known D. admired24. A. speech B. theory C. record D. suggestion25. A. survive B. start C. benefit D. develop26. A. activities B. policies C. ideas D. issues27. A. promoted B. questioned C. studied D. rejected28. A. Similarly B. Namely C. Traditionally D. Unexpectedly29. A. selling B. continuing C. extending D. returning30. A. in neighborhood B. at home C. on campus D. in cities31. A. instead B. rather C. otherwise D. moreover32. A. occupy B. purchase C. organize D. leave33. A. confidence B. communities C. organizations D. civilization34. A. relationship B. performance C. transportation D. service35. A. challenge B. dream C. qualification D. contribution(B)In the future, we will be competing against medically-enhanced workers who can work longer and harder than us. Artificial intelligence will make it easier to monitor our every move in the office. This may sound like science fiction, but it’s a likely __36__, according to a new report by professional services firm PricewaterhouseCoopers.The report, which __37__ a team of science researchers and a survey of more than 10,000 workers based in China, Germany, India, the U.K., and the U.S., predicts that rapid advances in technology, resource __38__, and population demographics are among the key forces that would radically __ 39__ the future of work by 2030.According to PwC, these forces will result in four potential futures: one where “humans come first,” one where “innovation __40__,” one where “companies care,” and one where “corporate is king.”In the future world where corporations reign, PwC states that “human effort is __41__ through sophisticated use of physical and medical enhancement techniques and equipment, and workers’ performance and __42__ are measured, monitored and analysed at every step. A new breed of elite super-workers emerges.”This is a world where performance is everything, and workers will need to create every __43__ to stay ahead. This may sound like a stressful objective, but the majority of people surveyed __44__ the challenge.Seventy percent of the workers surveyed said that they would undergo __45__ to improve their body and mind if it would improve their chances of employment. This could be because webelieve it’s up to us to improve our careers —even if that means pill-popping performance-enhancing drugs. Of those surveyed, 74% said it was their individual __46__ “to update their skills rather than relying on any employer.”To visualize this __47__ future, PwC created a mock news article reporting from 2030 that detailed the first large-scale use of brain-enhancing drugs in the workplace.But you don’t need a fake news report to see this future; real news reports about augmented bodies in the office have existed for some time. Companies in the U.S. and Europe are already offering microchip implants to workers, so they can enter company buildings and get their chips from the vending machine with the __48__ of a hand.PwC predicts that the idea of a cyborg workforce will go from science fiction novelty to mainstream in the next few decades.“So implants at work are already possible and happening and people will use it __49__ to pay for things and to get on to buses and public transport. Why would they not 10 years later go, sure, put one in my brain to make me think harder or for __50__ ?”Jon Williams, PwC’s people and -organizations division leader told The Australian about its survey. “It’s just natural progression.”36. A. dimension B. vision C. integrity D. reality37. A. drew upon B. counted on C. signed in D. made up38. A. availability B. scarcity C. rivalry D. privatization39. A. demolish B. induce C. alter D. shape40. A. exceeds B. offsets C. rules D. withdraws41. A. dwarfed B. maximized C. converted D. marginalized42. A wellbeing B. priority C. emotions D. ideology43. A. fantasy B. interference C. advantage D. expertise44. A. resented B. welcomed C. ventured D. overcame45. A. reassurance B. violation C. reformation D. treatments46. A. dream B. expectation C.responsibility D. perspective47. A. corporate-dominated B. career-orientedC. human-centeredD. cognitive-enhanced48. A. wave B. pulse C. check D. strike49. A. urgently B. socially C. privately D. solely50. A. farther B. closer C. longer D. shorterIV. Reading comprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: Read the following interview excerpt between a journalist (J)and a professor (P). Complete the interview except by using the questions in the box that best fits the professor’s answer. There are two extra questions that you may not need.Interview: is evolution predictable?4th August 2017If we were to replay the tape of life here on Earth from scratch, would we as humans still evolve? That’s a key question new research in the area of experimental evolution is seeking to address. We speak to Jonathan Losos, professor in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and curator of herpetology at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, ahead of publication of his first book Improbable Destinies: How Predictable is Evolution?J: _______ 51_______P: In short, it’s new evidence. Stephen Jay Gould wrote in his seminal and highly influential book Wonderful Life that we were not fated to evolve the way we did; that if you could replay the tape of life and let evolution proceed from an early point, then the end result would not at all be the sam e. But Gould’s argument was based entirely on logic and thought experiments. Thirty years later, we have lots of data on how deterministic evolution is, how subject it is to the whims and flukes of history. We are finally in a position to re-assess whether Gould was right or not.J: _______52_______P: The answer to that is somewhere in the middle, as with many debates. To some extent, if you put the same species in the same environment, experiencing the same selective pressures, they often do evolve in t he same way. This is particularly common when you’re dealing with closely related species, and there’s a reason for that. Closely related species have the same genes and the same biology, so it’s very easy for them to evolve in the same way. Different spec ies, however, have different ways of reacting to a given evolutionary pressure. So evolution is probably more deterministic than Gould was willing to recognize, but it’s not quite as pervasive as some others have argued. Where is the convergent duck-billed platypus, for example? If evolution is so convergent, why don’t we have this animal outside Australia? Evolution is often not predictable; it’s contingent on previous circumstances.J: _______53_______P: I can’t really answer that question. What’s chan ged recently is our knowledge about how many Earth-like planets there may be, even within our own Milky Way galaxy. With the realization that these planets exist, many people think the likelihood that life has evolved on some of them is pretty high. We hav en’t detected that yet, but it may be that we just haven’t figured out how to detect it yet.J: _______54_______P: I have no evidence to argue that one way or the other. I do think, however, that if there are millions of moons and planets out there, the likelihood seems very high. If life has evolved, my expectation is that it would not look at all like life on Earth. Who knows what sort of chemical biology it might be based on, but the building blocks of life there would almost certainly be different to some extent from here on Earth. Even here on Earth, unrelated species react indifferent ways. My prediction would be that life evolved on other planets will not be at all recognisable with what we have here.J: _______55_______P: Yes, I think we are. Our conception of life is biased by our own experience, but look at octopuses. We know they’re fairly intelligent, but their biology is completely different from ours. I’m not saying they have human-level intelligence, but they have a lot going on in their brains and they’re nothing like us.Section B （40分）Directions:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was enjoying this afternoon more than I had expected. Often, the tryouts for the spring musical tested the limits of my patience and nerves, with one hopeful girl after another taking turns walking onto the wooden stage, delivering an adequate but uninspired version of some Rodgers & Hammerstein number, and then being politely excused by Mrs Dominguez as the next name on the list was called.However, this was to be my third straight year in the musical, and the confidence that my seniority afforded me around the more nervous newcomers allowed me to take pleasure in radiance of my own balance.I had already sung my audition (试唱) song an hour ago, starting the day’s ceremonies. Thi s year, I used “God Bless the Child”, a choice I found to be quite sophisticated since Billie Holiday’s version of it was familiar mostly to adults, and even then, mostly to adults of the previous generation. More importantly, it required a reserved performance, which I felt showcased my maturity, especially because most of the other auditioners chose songs that would show their enthusiasm, even if it meant their technical mastery would not be on full display.Normally, the first audition was feared by most. Mrs Dominguez would ask if anyone wanted to volunteer to “get it over with”, but no one would make a sound. Then, she would call the first name off her list and the room would drop into an uncomfortably serious silence as the first student walked nervously up to the stage. I often imagined during those moments that I was witness to a death-house liver taking his march toward a quick curtain.But not this year. I had decided to make a show of my own self-confidence by volunteering to go first. Such a fearless act, I had figured, would probably instill even more fear into my competition because they would realize that I had something they clearly lacked. Mrs. Dominguez had seemed neither surprised nor charmed by my decision to go first. Although she was annoyed by my escalating pride, I also acknowledged that I was one of the more talents actors and was probably correct in assuming myself a winner.At this late stage of the afternoon, I felt like a queen, sitting in the back of the auditorium with my royal court of friends and admirers. They took care to sit far enough away from Mrs Dominguez that they would not be caught in the act of belittling the other students’ auditions.To me, the endless parade of the ambitious who sang their hearts out for three minutes each were like clowns performing for my amusement. As Mrs Dominguez read another name off her list, I prepared myself for a special treat.56. What did the writer do one afternoon?A. She enjoyed her time watching the audition.B. She performed in the school spring musical.C. She attended the selective trial of the school musical.D. She helped Mrs Dominguez to select musical talents.57. The writer believed the song she chose for her audition ________.A. would be the most inspiring Rodgers and Hammerstein numbersB. was the most sophisticated song in Billie Holiday’s versionsC. would likely be more recognizable to her parents than to her friendsD. would allow her to more effectively showcase her enthusiasm58. The main purpose of the underlined statement in paragraph 5 is to ________.A. offer a contrast created by the writer’s choice of auditionB. present reasons why this year’s audition was the strangestC. suggest that the writer’s imagination no longer involved the same imager yD. inform the reader that students’ fears of going first were something of the past59. Why did the writer volunteer to perform the first audition of the day?A. To guarantee her a part in the play.B. To impress and charm Mrs Dominguez.C. To add her confidence in her performance.D. To make the others feel they could not compete with her.60. The passage portrays the writer as ________.A. concerned and nervousB. arrogant and indifferentC. friendly and inclusiveD. confused and surprised(B)The term “Iron Man” has many connotations, including references to a song, a comic book icon, even a movie. Yet only one definition of the term truly lives up to its name: the Ironman Triathlon held annually in Hawaii, a picturesque setting for a challenging race, which demands amazing physical prowess and the ability to swim, bike, and run a marathon, all in less than 12 hours with no break. Very few individuals are up to the task.However, Gordon Haller is a notable exception. Growing up in the 1950s, Haller developed an interest in many sports categorized as endurance athletics and welcomed their physical demands. As he pursued a degree in physics he drove a taxi to pay the bills, but competitive training proved his passion. So when he heard about the race in 1978, the first year it was held, he immediately signed up.The race originated in a somewhat amusing way. The members of the two popular sports clubs, the Mid-Pacific Road Runners of Honolulu and the Waikiki Swim Club of Oahu, had a long-standing and good-natured debate going over who made better athletes: runners or swimmers. However, some local bikes thought both clubs were wrong, claiming that they, in fact, deserved the title. Wanting to settle the dispute once and for all, they decided to combine three separate races already held annually on the island into one massive test of endurance. Thus, the Waikiki Roughwater Swim of 2.4 miles, the Around-Oahu Bike race of 112 miles, and the Honolulu Marathon of 26.2 miles were all put together to form the Ironman Triathlon.Haller was one of only fifteen competitors to show up that February morning to start the race. He quickly scanned the few pages of rules and instructions, and on the last page he discovered a sentence that would become the race’s famous slogan: “Swim 2.4 miles! Bike 112 miles! Run 26.2 miles! Brag for the rest of your life!” Haller took that to heart, and at the end of the day, he becamethe first Ironman champion in history. _____64_____In the approximately thirty years since that very first race, the Ironman has become a tradition in Hawaii and now boasts approximately 1500 entrants every year. The competitors who complete the race don’t have to be the first across the finish line to claim success: just finishing is a victoryonto itself.61. The “Iron Man” in the passage above refers to ________.A. a folk songB. a theatre movieC. a book iconD. a sport event62. What do we know about Gordon Haller from the passage?A. He had a great interest in all kinds of sports.B. He was a member of the Waikiki Swim Club of Oahu.C. He became a taxi driver after he graduated from school.D. He was a champion in the first Ironman Triathlon.63. What does the underlined word “prowess” in the first paragraph mean?A. musclesB. skillsC. balanceD. reaction64. Which of the following statements can be added to the end of paragraph 4 to effectivelyemphasize Haller’s achievement?A. Twelve other people also finished the race that day.B. No women raced this year, but that was soon to change.C. There were points in the race when Haller thought he couldn’t possibly finish.D. Haller’s physical strength enabled him to do what no one else in the past had accomplished.65. What does the last paragraph of the passage try to tell us?A. The level of interest the race attracts in the present day.B. The way the current race is different from the race that Haller ran in 1978.C. How the victors respond when they cross the finish line.D. Why 1500 people would be willing to compete in such a difficult race.(C)HA VE you ever been stopped in your tracks by a stunning view, or gobsmacked by the vastness of the night sky? Have you been transported by soaring music, a grand scientific theory or a charismatic person? If so, you will understand US novelist John Steinbeck’s response to California’s giant redwood trees, which can soar more than a hundred metres towards the sky. “They leave a mark or create a vision that stays with you always,” he wrote. “From them comes silence and awe.”Philosophers and writers have long been fascinated by our response to the sublime, but until a few years ago, scientists had barely studied it. Now they are fast realising that Steinbeck was right about its profound effects. Feeling awestruck can dissolve our very sense of self, bringing a host of benefits from lowering stress and boosting creativity to making us nicer people.But what exactly is awe and where does it come from? “It’s a subjective feeling rooted in thebody,” according to psychologis t and pioneering awe researcher Dacher Keltner at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2003, he and Jonathan Haidt, now at New York University, published the first scientific definition. They described awe as the feeling we get when confronted with something vast, that transcends our frame of reference and that we struggle to understand. It’s an emotion that combines amazement with an edge of fear. Wonder, by contrast, is more intellectual – a cognitive state in which you are trying to understand the mysterious.You might think that investigating such a profound experience would be a challenge, but Keltner insists it’s not so hard. “We can reliably produce awe,” he says. “You can get people to go out to a beautiful scene in nature, or put them in a cathedral or in front of a dinosaur skeleton, and they’re gong to be pretty amazed.” Then, all you need is a numerical scale on which people can report how much awe they are feeling. Increasingly, studies are including a physiological measure too, such as the appearance of goosebumps (鸡皮疙瘩)– awe is the emotion most likely to cause them, and second only to cold as a source.In this way, Keltner and others have found that even mild awe can change our attitudes and behaviour. For example, people who watched a nature video that elicited awe – rather than other positive emotions such as happiness or pride – were subsequently more ethical, more generous and described themselves as feeling more connected to people in general. Gazing up at tall eucalyptus trees left others more likely to help someone who stumbled in front of them. And after standing in front of a Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton, people were more likely to describe themselves as part of a group. It might seem counterintuitive that an emotion we often experience alone increases our focus on others.But Keltner thinks it’s because awe expands our attention to encompass a bigger picture, so reducing our sense of self.“The desert is so huge, and the horizons so distant, that they make a person feel small,” wrote Paulo Coelho in The Alchemist. He was right. In a large study, Keltner found that after inspiring awe in people from the US and China, they signed their names smaller and drew themselves smaller, but with no drop in their sense of status or self-esteem. Similarly, neuroscientist Michiel van Elk at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, found that people who watched awe-inducing videos estimated their bodies to be physically smaller than those who watched funny or neutral videos.The cause of this effect might lie in the brain. At the annual meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping in V ancouver, Canada, in June, van Elk presented functional MRI scans showing that awe quiets activity in the default mode network, which includes parts of the frontal lobes and cortex, and is thought to relate to the sense of self. “Awe produces a vanishing self,” says Keltner. “The voice in your head, self-interest, self consciousness, disappears. Here’s an emotion that knocks out a really important part of our identity.” As a result, he says, we feel more connected to bigger or collectives and groups.66. The underlined word “transported” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.A. taken inB. fired upC. carried awayD. tuned out67. According to the author, the “profound effects” of the feeling of awe enable us to ________.A. hold more respect for redwood treesB. enhance our connectedness to humanityC. increase our self-consciousnessD. enjoy a completely stress-free life68. According to Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt, the difference between “awe” and“wonder” lies in the fact that ________.A. the former is beyond the range of our normal experiences while the latter of our intellectB. the former involves a feeling of fright while the latter an element of puzzlementC. the former has more to do with our body while the latter with our mindD. the former is viewed as more personal while the latter more collective69. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 imply?A. It’s against our wish that awe makes us care more for others than for ourselves.B. The feeling of awe automatically directs our focus to others from ourselves.C. It’s common sense that awe, though felt alone, boosts our concern fo r others.D. It seems odd that the emotion of awe tends to associate the individual with the world.70. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Getting close to something awesome makes us happier and nicer.B. Awe can cause physical reactions in our body just as cold does.C. The huge desert and distant horizons affect our attitudes and confidence.D. MRI scans suggest that the emotion of awe has biological connections.(D)Think about a remote control. Something so simple in function is seemingly capable of invisible magic to most of us. Only those with an engineering and electronics background probably have any real idea of why a remote control works. The rest of us just assume it should. And the longer a given technology exits, the more we take it for granted.Consider for a moment a split screen showing modern remote control users versus the first remote control users: the original users would be carefully aiming the remote directly at the television, reading the names of the buttons to find the right one, and intentionally pressing the button with a force that adds nothing to the effectiveness of the device. The modern users would be leaning on a sofa, pointing the remote any which way, and instinctively feeling for the button they desired, intuiting (凭直觉知道) its size, shape, and position on the remote.Humans are known for being handy with tools, so it is no surprise that we get so comfortable with our technology. However, as we become increasingly comfortable with how to use new technologies, we become less aware of how they work. Most people who use modern technology know nothing of its underlying science. They have spent neither mental nor financial resources on its development. And yet, rather than be humbled by its originality, we consumers often become unfairly demanding of what our technology should do for us.Many of the landmark inventions of the twentieth century followed predictable tracks: initial versions of each technology (television, video games, computers, cell phones, etc.) succeeded in impressing the general public. Then, these wonderful new inventions quickly became commonplace. Soon, the focus of consumer attitudes towards them changed from gratitude with respect to discriminating preference.Televisions needed to be bigger and have a higher resolution. Video games needed to be more realistic. Computers needed to be more powerful yet smaller in size. Cell phones needed to be smaller yet capable of performing other tasks such as taking pictures, accessing the Internet, and even playing movies.For children of the last twenty years born into this modern life, these technological marvels seem like elements of the periodic table: a given ingredient that is simply part of the universe. Younger generations don’t even try to imagine life withou t modern conveniences. They do not。
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“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 22 minutes) Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes on the left with the people on the right. Please note there are two extra options you do not need to use.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestions 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The future of tourismB. The role of tourismC. The price of tourismD. The benefits of tourismQuestions 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Buying and selling anything is your forte now. If you visit a jumble or car-boot sale or the like, a romantic encounter is more than probable! News linked to the family is brilliant!6. What type of text is this?A. A personal advertisement.B. A personal horoscope.C. A friend’s letter of advice.D. A written warning.Questions 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we’ve failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival. We’ll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can’t resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we’ll fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as __________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you’re not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It’s not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word (XXXX) in the text?A. “something that is poor quality”B. “an item that is not essential, something extra”C. “something expensive but good value for money”D. “a fashion which always remains popular”Questions 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother’s train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother’s train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990¬1992 to 2014¬2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A.Current estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do nothave enough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B.Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with12.9 per cent of undernourished population.C.The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, butwent down in the first five years of the new millennium.D.The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regionshas fallen by almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 38 minutes)Question 11-12 (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)Directions: Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy. Answer the questions according to the definitions.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A. That’s my stance on funding the education system, and anyone whodisagrees with me hates children.B. You are so weird. That means—we are pretty much sure—that your wholefamily is weird, too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore,we know that God exists.D. I don’t care what you say. We don’t need any more bookshelves. Aslong as the carpet is clean, we are fine.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of a false dilemma?A. Smoking is harmful to health, so you are supposed to quit smoking.B. If the government doesn’t reduce public spending, our economy will collapse.C. You may as well avoid overeating, or else you might be obese in no time.D. You are the worst of the classmates; therefore, what you say is incredible.Questions 13 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about syllogism. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of syllogism.Syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. It is perhaps today’s most commonly accepted form of logical reasoning in aptitude tests. The most commonly used type of syllogisms is elucidated in a frequently used example:Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise 2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.Now practice syllogisms for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth”always.13. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: All human action is conditioned by circumstances.Premise 2: All human action involves morality.Conclusion: All that involves morality is conditioned by circumstances. Questions 14 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about contraposition. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of contraposition.In logic, contraposition is a law that says that a conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive. The contrapositive of the statement has its antecedent and consequent inverted and flipped. The most commonly used type of contraposition is elucidated in the following example:Premise 1: If it is raining, then there are clouds in the sky.Premise 2: There are no clouds in the sky.Conclusion: It is not raining.Now practice contraposition for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth”always.14. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: If he is not an American, he is not from Texas.Premise 2: He is from Texas.Conclusion: He is an American.Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollectionsfade and take on new meanings; sometimes we rememberthings that never even happened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memory’s physical basis. Last year, in work evocative of films such as EternalSunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals’ brains by zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing memories and “incept” false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had once associated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeledremains mysteriousB.scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what havehappened to themC.advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings ofour brainD.some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is notwhat it really is16. The word “incept” is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.People’s false memories result from the impact of different emotionprovoked by later experience on the same spot.B.The success in research indicates that it won’t be long that a therapyis worked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C.By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are ableto create, erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D.Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on themactually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following passage about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the passage.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn’t receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Kočiský, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20. Previous studies didn’t take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensible to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about the “Think small” advertising campaign.Answer the questions according to the passage.Think SmallI f you’re interested in marketing and advertising,Volkswagen’s “Think small” campaign for theBeetle when it was first introduced to NorthAmerica in 1959 looms large as one of the greatestadvertising campaigns of all time. It wasn’t justa revolution in automotive advertising; it changedthe entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy was full of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle’s compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.__ 22__ The text was minimalist in both look and content, presenting the facts simply instead of trying to weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead of bluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. The message was one of smart anti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does “Think small” continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. “Think small” showed the power of humor and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone ofits copy.B.This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expectin a car ad.C.This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflectionon the product itself.D.The car wasn’t depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives ofa middle class family.23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A.the ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengersevoking great joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B.the marketing concept then focused on providing as much informationas possible to the reader such as the way it’s created.C.the marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an ideaor a way of living from average consumers’ perspective.D.the marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humorbrought by the use of exaggerated language.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be requiredto identify the writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-35 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt’s not that easy to answer the question, “what is fashion?” becauseit means different things to different people. Fashion is an art. It’sa religion. It’s a job. It’s a peek into a personality. It’s playfulness. It’s an escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 25 . French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, “Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening.”It’s true. Fashion isn’t defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question “what is fashion”? Who decides what’s fashionable and what isn’t? What’s in or what’s out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as haute couture, French for “high sewing.” These designers lead the way in creating trend-setting fashion. While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing. Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages. “Sex and the City,”“The Devil Wears Prada,” these shows introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing a Carrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation.Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock ‘n’ roll is fashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis. What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don’t know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn’t matter. All that matters is that you like it and it’s an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage BFashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course. The modern society is more tolerant of differences and therefore places few shackles on the cycle of fashion. Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assure himself a high social esteem. Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels. Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nike shorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look, a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website. What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand—a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word “Prada” on a small charm.How can a company charge $180 for a keychain? The answer: people are willing to pay for it. People know the brand and conform to the idea of owning a piece of such an Italian “luxury.”This is nonsensical. Why do we choose to wear miniscule shorts in frigid weather or spend nearly $200 on a charm? Such decisions are influenced by peers, the media and the personal resolution to not make rational, individualistic choices. We cling to the idea of acceptance.In short, we often choose to abide by the pressures of social conventionality, and this leads us to make ridiculous selections—pairing Ugg boots with shorts or wearing neon with camouflage—which we would otherwise not make.I am certainly shamefaced in my occasional conformity to these ludicrous fashion folkways. I am guilty of donning Crocs in public. Yikes! Transient, often preposterous trends referred to as fads inspire some rather strange ideas. Who can recall the pet rocks of the ‘70s or Popples of the ‘80s? Such pop trends are not confined to behavior; they bleed into the fashion world, evidenced in overly distressed jeans, the most painful of neon shades, shoes that resemble Swiss cheese and a host of other fads I do not have the space to mention.I refuse to give up hope for societal common sense.One day we will comprehend that shorts are for the summer and ridiculously expensive keychains are for “never.”Do not allow others to dictate for you. Be bold. Be an individual. Do not buy the keychain.24. The phrase “might not be caught dead” in Passage A most probably means ______.A.would rather not die anywayB.might not be caught red handedC.would refuse completely to do somethingD.might be uneasy though doing something25. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in Passage A?A.fashion is an individual statement of expression for each of usB.fashion facilitates social change by providing a transitional stageC.fashion is not an individual choice but a group choiceD.fashion determines our speech, opinion, dress, music, art, etc.26. It can be inferred from Passage A that fashion designers, media, celebrities and musicians share the following views except ______.A.that fashion is anything but separated from the daily life ofordinary people.B.that nothing completely absurd and unrealistic can finally becomefashion.C.that fashion is what society accepts and has an element of socialsanction behind it.D.that if a particular choice remains confined to an individual it can’t be called fashion.27. The word “affluence” in Passage B is closest in meaning to ______.A. versatilityB. wealthinessC. peculiarityD. charisma28. According to Passage B, which of the following attributes may probably be more important than others for an individual to be favorably received now?A. A wide range of erudition.B. Loyalty to his or her friends.C. A passion for popular novels.D. Good virtues such as honesty.29. Which of the following is NOT true about the author’s attitude towards fashion according to Passage C?A.The author thinks it a waste of time mentioning a list of examplesof irrational fads.B.People are mad about fashion and therefore lose their own goodjudgment.C.The author never allows himself to be carried away by the fashiontrends.D.Behind the behavior of keeping up with fashion is a need to stayin the crowd.30-31. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the three passages.30. All the three passages agree that fashion plays a role in the interplay of class relations that it satisfies the contrary desires for novelty and for conformity.True ( ) False ( )31. None of the three passages are denying conventional social values in people’s judgment, for example, what’s considered good about things or people.True ( ) False ( )Part IV Read and CreateIn Part IV, you will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it. You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes)Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.… And as a multitude of laws often only hampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that I might be assured that nothing was omitted.The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And I had little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that of all those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations.。