Laboratory Exercise 3

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Exercise_大学英语3考试试题

大学英语新理念综合教程3 ExercisesUnit 1.Translation Page 12。

page 19 Sentence 1—--5Unit 2.Translation Page.36 Page 61 Sentence 1—-—-5.Unit 3。

Translation Page 61 page 70. Sentence 1-——-5.Unit 4。

Translation Page 87.Page 94 Sentence 1-—--5Unit 5.Translation Page111.Page 116 Sentence 1-—--5Unit 6 Translation Page142page 135 Sentence 1—-—-5Unit 7 Translation Page158Page212 Sentence1--—-5Unit 8 Translation Page221Page 238 Sentence1————51。

I felt uneasy for the whole day as I was __________ from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone early in the morning.A) aroused B）rose C) raised D) arose2。

__________ the lake around our university was seriously polluted.A）In time B) At no time C）In times to come D) At one time3。

This college is __________ Prof Wang。

A）at the service of B）at service of C） in charge of D） in the charge of4。

罗氏RNA提取试剂盒使用指南说明书

Step 1: Sample Preparation & Nucleic Acid IsolationFor great results, use (click product names to learn more):Roche High Pure RNA Isolation KitRoche High Pure FFPET RNA Isolation KitRoche High Pure miRNA Isolation KitRoche RealTime ready Cell Lysis KitFrom which source (animal, organ, tissue) does the examined material originally come from? Which volume or mass or cell number was used for nucleic acid preparation?My MIQE Guide*Empowering results that matter Sponsored by Roche Applied Science Experiment title:Performed by:Date:Institution:Experimental design: How did you choose and set up your study (number of treated samplesand controls)Handling: Which tools or methods were used to obtain and process the primary samples (e.g., micro-dissection, macrodissection)?Method of processing and preservation: How was the sample treated and stored?If frozen – how and how quickly?If fixed – with what, and how quickly?If stored for longer: how and how long? (especially for FFPE samples)Extraction method:Which kit or instrument was used to extract/isolate the DNA/RNA from the starting material? Roche High Pure RNA Isolation Kit, High Pure FFPET RNA Isolation Kit, High Pure miRNA Isolation Kit, RealTime ready Cell Lysis Kit, or other (Please specify)Was the vendor’s protocol modified (If Yes, when, and how? e.g. by using additives)Did you do a DNAse or RNAse treatment? (If Yes, when?)Did you check for nucleic acid purity and integrity? If Yes: By using which instrument and method? What was the resulting purity (A260/A280)? What was the resulting yield? If No: Why not?Did you check for the presence of PCR inhibitors? If Yes: By using what (e.g. Cq dilutions, spike or other (please specify)If No: Why not?Final storage solution (e.g., buffer, H2O) for the purified total RNA:Storage time and temperature of the purified total RNA before use in RT-qPCR:Step 2:Reverse TranscriptionFor optimal results, use:Roche Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Synthesis KitRoche Transcriptor Universal cDNA MasterAmount of RNA and reaction volume:Priming oligonucleotide (if using gene specific primers) and concentration: Reaction temperature and time:Manufacturer of reverse transcription reagent(s) and catalogue number(s): Reverse transcriptase type and used concentration:Storage conditions of cDNA:Step 3:PCR Amplification and AnalysisFor best results, use:LightCycler® 480 Probes MasterFastStart Essential DNA Probes MasterFastStart Universal Probe Master (Rox)Target sequence and amplicon information: Target gene database sequence accession number:Location of amplicon:Amplicon length:Result of in silico specificity screen (BLAST, etc.):Information on pseudogenes, retropseudogenes or other homologs: Secondary structure analysis of amplicon:Determined by which method?Location of each primer relative to exons or introns (if applicable): Targeted splice variants:RTPrimerDB Identification Numbers: Manufacturer of oligonucleotides: Purification method:For probe-based assays: Probe type:qPCR reaction conditionsReaction volume and amount of cDNA/DNA per reaction: Primer, (probe), Mg2+ and dNTP concentrations: Polymerase identity:Buffer/kit manufacturer and identity (e.g., catalog number)Manufacturer and catalog number of plates or tubes and catalog number:Complete thermocycling parameters:Reaction setup: Was it manual or robotic? If robotic: Using which robot?Equipment: Which Real-Time PCR instrument was used? (Which Roche LightCycler® System or other (please specify)?)Validation of qPCR runs:Are you running a multiplex assay? If yes, please describe efficiency and limit of detection foreach assay:How did you check for specificity of amplification for each target (e.g., on a gel, by sequencing, melt-ing curve analysis or digest):For SYBR Green I assays: Cq of the non-template control reaction:Standard curve characteristics (slope and y-intercept):How many replicates did you use to establish the standard curve?(xx replicates per standard concentration)What was the lower and the upper limit of the standard curve?PCR efficiency calculated from slope:Confidence interval for PCR efficiency or standard error:r2 of standard curve:Information on linear dynamic range:Cq variation at lower limit: Confidence intervals throughout range:Evidence for limit of detection:How many reactions per run were used for controls? (please specify positive and negative controls, controls without template and No RT controls, e.g. Positive controls: 3 reactions in 5 replicates per 96 well plate)Data analysis:Vendor software: Which software type, version and algorithm provided by the PCR machine supplier was used to analyze the data?Specialist software: Which (if any) additional software was used? Self-developed algorithms,or other (please specify)Normalisation: Which reference gene(s) were used to calculate the relative expression of the studied genes?What was the reason for choosing these particular genes?Which algorithm (e.g., geNorm, bestkeeper, normfinder) was used to normalize for reference gene(s)Which principle was used for Cq calling?What was the number and of biological replicates used?How was their concordance?How many technical replicates were used, and at which step (RT or qPCR)? What was the observed repeatability (intra-assay variation)?What was the observed reproducibility (inter-assay variation, %CV)The MIQE guidelines empower results that truly matter. And so does Roche.Visit to discover all the materials you need for truly remarkable research results.* modified based on the list in the original MIQE guidelines publication with permission of the MIQE authors.For life science research only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. LIGHTCYCLER and FASTSTART are trademarks of Roche.All other product names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. NOTICE: This product may be subject to certain use restrictions. Before using this product, please refer to the Online Technical Support page () and search under the product number or the product name, whether this product is subject to a license disclaimer containing use restrictions.Published byRoche Diagnostics GmbH Sandhofer Straße 116 68305 Mannheim Germany© 2013 Roche Diagnostics. All rights reserved.*********** 1012。

CLSI EP7-A2：2005 - Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry

Volume 25 Number 27EP7-A2 ISBN 1-56238-584-4 ISSN 0273-3099Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry; Approved Guideline— Second EditionRobert J. McEnroe, PhD Mary F. Burritt, PhD Donald M. Powers, PhD Douglas W. Rheinheimer, MT Brian H. Wallace, PhDAbstractClinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document EP7-A2—Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry; Approved Guideline—Second Edition is intended to promote uniformity in the evaluation of interference characteristics of clinical laboratory measurement procedures. EP7 describes procedures for manufacturers to screen potentially interfering substances, to quantify interference effects, and to confirm interference in patient samples. This document also describes procedures for clinical laboratories to verify interference claims, and to investigate discrepant results caused by unsuspected interfering substances. Detailed examples are given. EP7 also contains background information on interference testing concepts, tables of recommended test concentrations for analytes and potential interference, and data collection and analysis worksheets. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry; Approved Guideline—Second Edition. CLSI document EP7-A2 (ISBN 1-56238-584-4). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA, 2005.The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute consensus process, which is the mechanism for moving a document through two or more levels of review by the healthcare community, is an ongoing process. Users should expect revised editions of any given document. Because rapid changes in technology may affect the procedures, methods, and protocols in a standard or guideline, users should replace outdated editions with the current editions of CLSI/NCCLS documents. Current editions are listed in the CLSI catalog, which is distributed to member organizations, and to nonmembers on request. If your organization is not a member and would like to become one, and to request a copy of the catalog, contact us at: Telephone: 610.688.0100; Fax: 610.688.0700; E-Mail:customerservice@; Website: Volume 25EP7-A2ContentsAbstract ....................................................................................................................................................i Committee Membership........................................................................................................................ iii Foreword .............................................................................................................................................. vii 1 2 Scope..........................................................................................................................................1 Introduction................................................................................................................................1 2.1 2.2 3 4 5 Measurement Procedures ..............................................................................................1 Concepts and Scientific Principles................................................................................2Standard Precautions..................................................................................................................4 Definitions .................................................................................................................................5 Decision Criteria for Interference Testing .................................................................................8 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Clinical Acceptability Criteria ......................................................................................9 Statistical Significance and Power................................................................................9 Analyte Test Concentrations.......................................................................................10 Potential Interfering Substances .................................................................................10 Interferent Test Concentrations...................................................................................11 Training and Familiarization.......................................................................................12 Precision Verification .................................................................................................12 Trueness Verification..................................................................................................12 Carryover Assessment ................................................................................................12 Quality Control ...........................................................................................................12 Safety and Waste Disposal..........................................................................................13 Interference Screen .....................................................................................................13 Characterization of Interference Effects .....................................................................20 Evaluating Combinations of Analyte and Interferent(s) .............................................26 Experimental Design...................................................................................................26 Comparative Measurement Procedure........................................................................27 Patient Populations .....................................................................................................27 Experimental Procedure..............................................................................................28 Data Analysis..............................................................................................................28 Interpretation of Results..............................................................................................31 Establishing Interference Claims ................................................................................32 Verifying Analytical Specificity .................................................................................34 Validating Analytical Specificity................................................................................35 Verifying Interference and Specificity Claims ...........................................................366Quality Assurance and Safety ..................................................................................................12 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.67Estimation of Interference Characteristics...............................................................................13 7.1 7.2 7.38Evaluating Interference Using Patient Specimens ...................................................................26 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.69Establishing, Validating, and Verifying Interference Claims ..................................................31 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4vNumber 27EP7-A2Contents (Continued)10 Investigating Discrepant Patient Results..................................................................................36 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Verify System Performance........................................................................................37 Evaluate Sample Quality ............................................................................................37 Confirm the Original Result........................................................................................37 Identify Potentially Interfering Substances.................................................................38 Determine the Probable Interferent.............................................................................38 Characterize the Interference ......................................................................................39References.............................................................................................................................................40 Appendix A. Guidelines for Specific Measurement Procedures .........................................................43 Appendix B. Analyte Test Concentrations ..........................................................................................46 Appendix C. Interferent Test Concentrations ......................................................................................49 Appendix D. Interference Test Concentrations for Endogenous Analytes ..........................................75 Appendix E. Worksheets .....................................................................................................................79 Appendix F. Calculation of Replicates for Dose-Response Tests .......................................................87 Appendix G. Preparation of Test Solutions for Interference Testing ..................................................90 Summary of Consensus Comments and Committee Responses ...........................................................96 Summary of Consensus/Delegate Comments and Committee Responses..........................................101 The Quality System Approach............................................................................................................104 Related CLSI/NCCLS Publications ....................................................................................................105viVolume 25EP7-A2ForewordInterfering substances can be a significant source of error in clinical laboratory measurements.1-3 Such errors may, in some cases, represent a hazard to the patient. While precision is routinely monitored by internal quality control, and accuracy can be verified by comparison to reference materials or procedures, laboratories cannot easily detect error caused by interfering substances. Therefore, manufacturers of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) analytical systems must include evaluation of the effects of the potentially interfering substances in their risk analyses at the design stage. Although continuously improving the specificity of measurement procedures is a desirable goal, compromise is sometimes necessary to meet the needs of clinical laboratories. The purpose of this document is to enable manufacturers and laboratories to evaluate interfering substances in the context of medical needs and to inform their customers of known sources of medically significant error. This guideline identifies potential hazards to be evaluated in the risk management process described in ISO 14971.4 To accommodate the variety of existing and future measurement procedures, we provided guidance instead of rigid protocols. The subcommittee struck a balance between consistency of structured protocols and flexibility to accommodate the technology being evaluated. Laboratorians and manufacturers need to understand the scientific concepts, make informed choices, and work together toward the common goal of improving patient care. Clearly, identifying an interference effect, evaluating its medical significance, determining its underlying cause, and ultimately improving the measurement procedure requires close cooperation between laboratory and manufacturer. Background information is included to explain key chemical and statistical concepts. Please note that this document focuses on interference with analytical processes. It does not address physiological effects caused by drugs and their metabolites. The IFCC has issued a series of recommendations on drug effects5-7 that have been published as a compendium.8 Comprehensive literature surveys of the analytical and physiological effects of drugs and other substances have been published.9-11 The basic substance of EP7-A2 remains unchanged. A thorough review of the exogenous and endogenous compounds recommended for testing was performed. Each drug or drug metabolite was systematically categorized into specific drug classes. This guideline was developed to inform the reader and provide a logical approach to complete the evaluation of the effects of potentially interfering compounds on the measurement procedure test results. The guideline is intended to make the decision easier by basing it on reasonable, objective criteria. We now ask the reader to give us comments and suggestions. Each comment and suggestion will be considered carefully at the next revision.A Note on TerminologyCLSI, as a global leader in standardization, is firmly committed to achieving global harmonization wherever possible. Harmonization is a process of recognizing, understanding, and explaining differences while taking steps to achieve worldwide uniformity. CLSI recognizes that medical conventions in the global metrological community have evolved differently in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere; that these differences are reflected in CLSI, ISO, and CEN documents; and that legally required use of terms, regional usage, and different consensus timelines are all obstacles to harmonization. Despite these obstacles, CLSI recognizes that harmonization of terms facilitates the global application of standards and is an area that needs immediate attention. Implementation of this policy must be an evolutionary and educational process that begins with new projects and revisions of existing documents. In order to align the usage of terminology in this document with that of ISO, the following terms are used in EP7-A2: viiNumber 27EP7-A2The term trueness has replaced the term accuracy when referring to the closeness of agreement between the average value obtained from a large series of test results and an accepted reference value. Accuracy, in its metrological sense, refers to the closeness of the agreement between the result of a single measurement and a true value of a measurand, thus comprising both random and systematic effects. The term measurement procedure has replaced the terms method, analytical method, and analytical system for a set of operations used in the performance of particular measurements according to a given method. The term assay has been replaced by method, measurement procedure, measurement, analyze, and analysis as appropriate. At this time, due to user unfamiliarity, the term examination is not used in this edition of EP7. The terms specimen and sample are both used in this document, with specimen reserved for material collected directly from the patient, and sample reserved for aliquots of the patient specimen and for processed materials (e.g., PT samples, reference materials). The term analyte is used appropriately in this document. The term analyte is used to represent the particular component of interest to the patient diagnosis, while the term measurand is used to describe the specific quantity that is measured by a particular measurement procedure (i.e., the measurand describes what is actually causing the result of the measurement). This important difference can be subtle, since it can be due to the detection of different measurands in the procedures being compared. The term precision is a measure of “closeness of agreement between independent test/measurement results obtained under stipulated conditions.”12 The terms in this document are consistent with uses defined in the ISO 3534 and ISO 5725 series of standards. At this time, due to user unfamiliarity and for the sake of the practicability of the guideline, it is important to point out that the working group has chosen not to replace the term interfering substance or interferent with the VIM (International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology) term influence quantity (i.e., quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement). The users of EP7 should understand that the fundamental meanings of the terms are identical, and to facilitate understanding, the terms are defined along with their ISO counterparts in the guideline’s Definitions section. All terms and definitions will be reviewed again for consistency with international use, and revised appropriately during the next scheduled revision of this document.Key WordsEvaluation, hazard analysis, interference, interferent, matrix effects, performance claims, risk management, specificity, validation, verificationviiiVolume 25EP7-A2Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry; Approved Guideline—Second Edition1 ScopeThis document is intended to serve two purposes: 1) to assist manufacturers and other developers of laboratory measurement procedures in characterizing the susceptibility of measurement procedures to interfering substances, by offering scientifically valid experimental designs, by specifying the relevant substances and concentrations to be tested, and by clarifying appropriate data analysis and interpretation, so that potential hazards can be evaluated and meaningful interference claims may be provided to users; and 2) to assist clinical laboratories in investigating discrepant results due to interfering substances, by defining a systematic investigation strategy, by specifying data collection and analysis requirements, and by promoting greater cooperation between laboratory users and manufacturers, so that new interferences can be identified, disclosed, and ultimately eliminated. This guideline is intended for manufacturers of in vitro diagnostic medical devices and clinical laboratories. Manufacturers and other developers of laboratory measurement procedures are responsible for characterizing the analytical performance of their procedures and analyzing hazards to patients caused by errors due to interfering substances. Manufacturers are required to provide information about interference susceptibility to those who use their systems. NOTE: The term “manufacturer,” for the purpose of this document, is used to mean anyone that develops a measurement procedure for use in a clinical laboratory. Clinical laboratories are responsible for ensuring that measurement procedures are specific enough to meet the needs of their physician clients. Laboratories should also investigate discrepant results, identify interfering substances, and provide objective feedback to the manufacturers who supply their analysis systems.22.1IntroductionMeasurement ProceduresAny measurement procedure, quantitative or qualitative, may be subject to interference. This document is written for a broad spectrum of measurement procedures and analyzers. Modification may be necessary to accommodate the particular characteristics of the procedure being evaluated. Two specific method principles (i.e., separation techniques and immunochemical measurement procedures) are discussed in Appendix A. 2.1.1 Specimen TypeInterferences with measurement procedures that use serum, plasma, whole blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and most other body fluids may be evaluated using this guideline. 2.1.2 Interfering SubstancesPotentially interfering substances may originate from the following endogenous and exogenous sources:©Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. All rights reserved.1Volume 25EP7-A2Related CLSI/NCCLS Publications*C3-P4 Preparation and Testing of Reagent Water in the Clinical Laboratory; Proposed Guideline—Fourth Edition (2005). This document provides guidance on water purified for clinical laboratory use; methods for monitoring water quality and testing for specific contaminants; and water system design considerations. Statistical Quality Control for Quantitative Measurements: Principles and Definitions; Approved Guideline—Second Edition (1999). This guideline provides definitions of analytical intervals, planning of quality control procedures, and guidance for quality control applications. Evaluation of Precision Performance of Quantitative Measurement Methods; Approved Second Edition (2004). This document provides guidance for designing an experiment to precision performance of quantitative measurement methods; recommendations on comparing precision estimates with manufacturers’ precision performance claims and determining comparisons are valid; as well as manufacturers’ guidelines for establishing claims. Guideline— evaluate the the resulting when suchC24-A2EP5-A2EP9-A2Method Comparison and Bias Estimation Using Patient Samples; Approved Guideline—Second Edition (2002). This document addresses procedures for determining the bias between two clinical methods, and the design of a method comparison experiment using split patient samples and data analysis. Evaluation of Matrix Effects; Approved Guideline—Second Edition (2005). This document provides guidance for evaluating the bias in analyte measurements that is due to the sample matrix (physiological or artificial) when two measurement procedures are compared. A Quality Management System Model for Health Care; Approved Guideline—Second Edition (2004). This document provides a model for providers of healthcare services that will assist with implementation and maintenance of effective quality management systems.EP14-A2HS1-A2Proposed-level documents are being advanced through the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute consensus process; therefore, readers should refer to the most recent editions.©*Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. All rights reserved.105。

大学英语写作课讲义(一)

大学英语写作课讲义（一）中国地质大学（武汉）外语学院许峰Step One Writing Correct Sentences1.The Simple Sentence (简单句)A simple sentence contains but one subject and one predicate. (一个简单句仅有一个主语和一个谓语。

)e.g. John loves Mary.The subject may consist of two or more nouns, and the predicate may consist of two or more verbs. The former is called a compound subject; the latter is called a compound predicate, Thus, a simple sentence may have many nouns or many verbs; or it may have many words or phrases modifying the subject or predicate; but it has only one subject and one predicate.(主语可包含两个或更多的名词，谓语可包含两个或多个动词，分别称为复合主语和复合谓语。

这样，一个简单名子中可有多个名词或动词，也可有修饰语，但它仅有一个主语和一个谓语。

) e.g.John and Henry love Mary.John and Henry love Mary and her sister.John and Henry love Mary and her sister and give them money.2.The Compound Sentence (并列复合句)A Compound sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction, such as and , or ,nor ,but , for, yet. Each clause in a compound sentence must have a subject and a verb, is of equal importance, and can stand alone. (并列复合句是由两个或两个以上的独立分句组成，由并列连接词如and, or ,nor ,but , for ,yet等连接。

临床实验报告_英文

Title: Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Antidepressant in Major Depressive DisorderIntroduction:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and decreased energy. Current treatments for MDD include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptakeinhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). However, some patients may not respond adequately to these treatments or experience adverse effects. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel antidepressant, known as NovelAntidepressant (NA), in the treatment of MDD.Methods:The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at three academic medical centers in the United States. Participants were diagnosed with MDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Inclusion criteria were age 18-65 years, a minimum Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score of 17, and a history of inadequate response to at least one antidepressant treatment. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, active substance abuse, and contraindications to the study medication.A total of 120 participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group A (NA 50 mg/day), GroupB (NA 100 mg/day), GroupC (NA 150 mg/day), and GroupD (placebo). Participants were treated for12 weeks, with follow-up assessments at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. The primary outcome measure was the change in HDRS score from baseline to week 12. Secondary outcome measures included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC).Results:A total of 113 participants completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 38.2 ± 11.7 years, and 57.5% were female. There were no significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between the treatment groups at baseline.At week 12, the HDRS score improved significantly in all treatment groups compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). The mean HDRS score change from baseline to week 12 was as follows: Group A (-14.2 ± 6.1), Group B (-15.8 ± 5.9), Group C (-16.5 ± 5.7), and Group D (-6.2 ±6.5). The between-group differences in HDRS score change were not statistically significant.Similarly, the MADRS and SDS scores also improved significantly in all treatment groups compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). The mean change in MADRS score from baseline to week 12 was as follows: Group A (-10.5 ± 4.2), Group B (-11.8 ± 3.9), Group C (-12.2 ± 3.7), and Group D (-4.8 ± 4.5). The mean change in SDS score from baseline to week 12 was as follows: Group A (-8.3 ± 3.2), Group B (-9.1 ± 2.8), Group C (-9.8 ± 2.6), and Group D (-3.4 ± 3.1).The PGIC showed a significant improvement in all treatment groups compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). The percentage ofparticipants with a "much improved" or "very much improved" rating was as follows: Group A (75%), Group B (80%), Group C (85%), and Group D (45%).Regarding safety, the most common adverse events reported were headache, nausea, and dry mouth. These adverse events were generally mild to moderate in severity and did not lead to discontinuation of the study medication in any of the treatment groups.Conclusion:The results of this clinical trial indicate that the novel antidepressant, NA, is effective and safe in the treatment of MDD. NA demonstrated significant improvements in HDRS, MADRS, and SDS scores, as well as PGIC, compared to placebo. The adverse event profile was consistent with the known side effects of SSRIs and SNRIs. Furtherresearch is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of NA in the treatment of MDD.Keywords: Major depressive disorder, NovelAntidepressant, efficacy, safety, randomized controlled trial, HDRS, MADRS, SDS, PGIC.。

临床实验室检查英文怎么说

临床实验室检查英文怎么说Clinical Laboratory Tests: How to Say in EnglishIntroduction:In modern healthcare, clinical laboratory tests play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions. These tests provide valuable information about a patient's health status, aiding in accurate diagnoses and effective treatment plans. While the terminology used in clinical laboratory testing is primarily in English, it is essential for healthcare professionals and patients to be familiar with the correct English terms for these tests. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on how to say commonly used clinical laboratory tests in English.1. Complete Blood Count (CBC):The Complete Blood Count, commonly abbreviated as CBC, is a routine laboratory test that examines the components of blood. It measures the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood, providing essential information about a patient's overall health and potential abnormalities. It is important to know that CBC can be translated as "完全血细胞计数" in Chinese.2. Blood Chemistry:Blood chemistry tests, also known as blood serum tests, evaluate the chemical composition of the blood. These tests measure various substances, such as electrolytes, glucose, cholesterol, liver enzymes, and kidney functionmarkers. The term "血液化学检查" can be used to refer to blood chemistry tests.3. Urinalysis:Urinalysis is a laboratory test that examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine. It provides valuable insights into kidney function, urinary tract infections, and other medical conditions. The English term for urinalysis is widely used, and it can be translated as "尿液分析" in Chinese.4. Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):An electrocardiogram is an essential diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It helps detect abnormal heart rhythms, diagnose heart diseases, and assess the overall cardiac health of a patient. In English, electrocardiogram can be abbreviated as ECG or EKG. In Chinese, it is commonly known as "心电图".5. X-ray:X-ray imaging is a widely used diagnostic technique that produces images of the internal structures of the body. It helps identify bone fractures, tumors, infections, and other abnormalities. The term "X光" is commonly used in both English and Chinese to refer to X-ray imaging.6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to generate detailed images of organs and tissues. It is particularly useful for diagnosing conditionsaffecting the brain, spinal cord, joints, and soft tissues. The English term MRI is widely recognized and used across different languages, including Chinese.7. Computed Tomography (CT):Computed Tomography, often referred to as CT or CAT scan, utilizes X-ray beams and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body. CT scans provide detailed information about the internal structures, aiding in the diagnosis of various medical conditions, including tumors, injuries, and infections. In Chinese, CT scans are commonly known as "计算机断层扫描".8. Biopsy:A biopsy involves the removal of a small sample of tissue or cells from the body for further examination. It is commonly performed to diagnose cancer, identify the nature of certain diseases, or monitor treatment effectiveness. The term biopsy can be translated as "活组织检查" in Chinese.Conclusion:Having a good understanding of the English terms for clinical laboratory tests is vital for healthcare professionals and patients alike. Clear communication regarding these tests ensures accurate diagnoses, appropriate treatment plans, and effective healthcare delivery. By familiarizing ourselves with the correct English terminology, we enhance our ability to navigate the international healthcare landscape and promote better healthcare outcomes.。

大学通用学术英语视听说教程(理科)unite3 Psychology原文及答案

Unit 3 PsychologyC. Listening ExerciseListen to a conversation and choose the best answers to the questions you hear.1. What do you know about Harry’s dog Fido?A. He doesn’t like his master any more.B. He has just moved to a new place.C. He gets up late every morning.D. He has been quite nervous and restless.2. What does Jenny suggest Harry should do?A. He should take Fido to the vet.B. He should put Fido on medication.C. He should take Fido for a walk.D. He should let Fido play fetch.3. What do you think Harry will do to his dog?A. He will take his dog for a walk everyday.B. He will consult a scientist for a test on his dog.C. He will try his best to perk up his dog.D. He will put his dog on medication.4. What does the scientific research tell us?A. Dog emotions are quite similar to the emotions of humans.B. Dogs should be put on medication whenever they are ill.C. The brain of humans is more complicated than that of dogs.D. Antidepressants cannot be used as medication for dogs.5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation?A. Jenny may have a different idea towards pet treatment from Harry.B. Some pet-owners may overdo the treatment when their pets are ill.C. Harry is an expert on brain science of humans and dogs.D. Magnetic Resonance Scanner can be used in analyzing dog emotions.Script:Jenny: Hello, Harry, you look pale. What’s wrong?Harry: Hi, Jenny. It’s just Fido, my beloved dog. He’s been acting kind of lazy these days. Ever since we moved, he’s just been like this.Jenny: Oh my! Do you take him for a walk everyday?Harry: I used to, but now he doesn’t even want to play fetch. He loved that so much before.Jenny: If I were you, I’d take him to the vet. Probably he’s ill.Harry: Well, I did so yesterday. The vet says the reason he’s been so down is that he’s depressed, and he recommends we put him on medication.Jenny: Are you sure you want to take his suggestion?Harry: Yeah, I think so. We’re hoping that the medication will cheer Fido up. If it doesn’t, maybe we’ll consider upping his dosage until he seems back to normal.Jenny: Oh, no! I don’t know whether it’s good or not… I have a friend who put her dog on antidepressants, but I don’t think it’s fair to make an animal take drugs when he has no say.Harry: I agree sometimes pet-owners might go overboard, but they just want their pets to be happy and healthy. Oh, if only my Fido becomes his normal playful self again!Jenny: But is it ridiculous to spend so much money on an animal when there are people going hungry everywhere?Harry: I’ll tell you what. Some scientists have been using a Magnetic Resonance Scanner to learn about dog emotions. The research shows that they are quite similar to the emotions of humans.Jenny: Really? I t’s unbelievable!Harry: Yes. They have now confirmed what many dog owners already knew. Dogs can understand our feelings! Researchers say that the finding is not just important to dogs and the people who love them, but it establishes a new type of comparative brain science and expands the possibilities for research. Jenny: Wow, seems that you know a lot about scientific research!Harry: Well, for Fido, I have made myself become an expert!Exercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea of it and complete the summary.Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Some of the personal factors are known as dispositional factors, while external things are known as situational factors. Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. In 1890, William James published Principles of Psychology.Exercise 2 Listening and Note-takingListen to the first part of the text and take necessary notes with symbols and abbreviations with the prompts of the following words.Psychology —sci entific study of indiv idual behav ior & and ment al proc esses Psychologists — use their res earch to pred ict & and (ctrl) control behav ior Dispositional factors —Genet ic makeup, pers onality traits, att itudes, ment al state Situational factors —sens ory stimul ation, rew ards, act ions of other people Exercise 3 In-depth ListeningScript:What makes us similar to other people and yet so uniquely different? Why do we think, feel and behave as we do? Are we molded more by heredity or shaped by experience? How can the same brain that gives us the capacity for creativity, rationality and love also become the crucible for mental illness?Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Psychologists then try to use their research to predict and in some cases control behavior. Ideally, out of their basic research will come solutions for the practical problems that plague individuals and society.Whatever type of behavior psychologists look at, whether it’s laughing, crying, making war, or making love, or anything else, they try to make sense of it by relating the observed behavior to certain aspects of the individual involved and the situation in which the behavior occurred. For example, my genetic makeup, personality traits, attitudes and mental state are some of the personal factors involved in my behavior. They’re known as dispositional factors. They’re internal, characteristics and potentials inside me, while external things such as sensory stimulation, rewards or the actions of other people are known as situational factors. They come from the outside, from the environment in which my behavior takes place.Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. Wundt trained many young researchers who carried on the tradition of measuring reactions to experimental tasks such as reaction times to sensory stimuli, attention, judgment and word associations. The first American psychological laboratory like Wundt’s was founded at the Johns Hopkins University in 1883 by G. Stanley Hall. Hall, the first president of the American Psychological Association, introduced Sigmund Freud to the American public by translating Freud’s General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. But 1890 may stand as the most significant date in psychology’s youth. That’s when William James published what many consider to be the most important psychological text of all time, Principles of Psychology. James was a professor of psychology at Harvard University, where he also studied medicine and taught physiology. James was interested in all the ways in which people interact with and adapt to their environment, and so he found a place in psychology for human consciousness, emotions, the self, personal values and religion. But the Wundtian psychologists like G. Stanley Hall rejected James’ ideas as unscientific and soft. They argued that psychology should be patterned after the model of the physical sciences, so they focused their study on topics like sensation and perception--on psychophysics, measuring mental reactions to physical stimuli. Later they added investigations of how animals acquire conditioned responses and how humans memorize new information. These differences among psychologists in whatshould be studied and how one should go about it are still with us a century later. Text B LiespottingExercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea and then choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. Which of the following is NOT a sign to show that Bill Clinton was a liar?A. He used a non-contracted denial.B. He used “that woman” to refer to Miss Lewinsky.C. He tried unconsciously to distance himself from his subject.D. He peppered his account with a little too much detail.2. What can you learn from the text?A. Only trained liespotters can detect lies.B. A fake smile will betray a liar.C. Liars don’t dare to look people in the eyes.D. Liars rehearse their words and gestures.Exercise 2 Listening for detailsListen to one part of the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).1. Attitude is the most important indicator in detecting lies. (NG)2. A person’s enthusiasm may indicate his dishonesty. (F)3. An honest person will keep silent since he believes in his innocence. (F)4. An honest person is eager to help you get to the truth. (T)5. An honest person will not be infuriated during the interview. (F)Exercise 3 Compound DictationListen and complete the summary below with the missing words from the text. People deceptive may be withdrawn, look down, (1) lower their voice, (2) pause, or herky-jerky. They are going to (3) pepper their story with too much (4) detail and in strict (5) chronological order. A trained interrogator will ask them to tell the story (6) backwards, and then track the deceptive tells. People rehearse their (7) words, but not their (8) gestures.Script:Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time. The rest of us, we’re only 54 percent accurate. Why is it so easy to learn? Well, there are good liars and there are bad liars. There are no real original liars. We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques. So what I’m going to do is I’m going to show you two patterns of deception. And then we’re going to look at the hot spots and see if we can find them ourselves. We’re going to start with a speech.Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me. I’m going to say this again. I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never. These allegations are false. And I need to go back to work for the American people. Thank you.Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs? Well first we heard what’s known as a non-contracted denial. Studies show that people who are over-determined in their denial will resort to formal rather than informal language. We also heard distancing language: “that woman”. We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves from their subject using language as their tool. Now if Bill Clinton had said, “Well, to tell you the truth ...”or Richard Nixon’s favorite, “In all candor ...” he would have been a dead giveaway for any lies potter than knows that qualifying language, as it’s called, qualifying language like that,further discredits the subject. Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety, or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail -- and we’re all really glad he didn’t do that -- he would have further discredited himself. Freud had it right. Freud said, look, there’s much more to it than speech: “No mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips.” And we all do it no matter how powerful you are. We all chatter with our fingertips. I’m going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama who’s chattering with his fingertips.Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language. With body language, here’s what you’ve got to do.You’ve really got to just throw your assumptions out the door. Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit. Because we think liars fidget all the time. Wel l guess what, they’re known to freeze their upper bodies when they’re lying. We think liars won’t look you in the eyes. Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much just to compensate for that myth. We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity. But a trained lie spotter can spot a fake smile a mile away. Can you all spot the fake smile here? You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks. But the real smile’s in the eyes, the crow’s feet of the eyes. They cannot be consciously contracted, especially if you overdid the Botox. Don’t overdo the Botox; nobody will think you’re honest.Now we’re going to look at the hot spots.Can you tell what’s happening in a conversation? Can you start to find the hot spots to see the discrepancies between someone’s words and someone’s actions? Now I know it seems really obvious, but when you’re having a conversation with someone that you suspect of deception, attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.An honest person is going to be cooperative. They’re going to show they’re on your side. They’re going to be enthusiastic.They’re going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth. They’re going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects, provide details. They’re going to say, “Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks.”They’re going to be infuriated if they sense they’re wrongly accused throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes; they’ll be infuriated throughout the e ntire course of the interview. And if you ask someone honest what should happen to whomever did forge those checks, anhonest person is much more likely to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.Now let’s say you’re having that exact same convers ation with someone deceptive. That person may be withdrawn, look down, lower their voice, pause, be kind of herky-jerky. Ask a deceptive person to tell their story, they’re going to pepper it with way too much detail in all kinds of irrelevant places. And then they’re going to tell their story in strict chronological order. And what a trained interrogator does is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours, they will ask that person to tell that story backwards, and then they’ll wa tch them squirm, and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells. Why do they do that? Well we all do the same thing. We rehearse our words, but we rarely rehearse our gestures. We say “yes”, we shake our heads “no”. We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders. We commit terrible crimes, and we smile at the delight in getting away with it. Now that smile is known in the trade as “duping delight”. Part IV HomeworkA Listening TaskListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Some colors that people see late at night could cause (1) signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in (2) low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe a (3) severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and (4) thoughts of death or suicide.In the new study, American investigators (5) designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they (6) sleep during the day and are (7) active at night. The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much (8) sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the (9) more depressed animals drank the (10) least amount of water.Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in (11) blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is these animals didn’t show any sleep disruptions at all but they did have mucked up circadian clock genes and they did show depressive phenotypes whereas if they were in the (12) dim red light, but they did not.” Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive cells in the retina, have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send (13) signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the (14) natural sleep-wake cycle. He says there is a lot of blue in white light, thisexplains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness. Mr. Nelson has suggestions for people who work late at night, or those who like to stay up late. “My (15) recommendation is if you are just living a typical mostly active (life) during the day, mostly inactive at night, you want to limit the (16) exposure to TVs which are quite (17) bluish in the light they give off and computer screens and things like that. You can get filtered glasses, you can get filters on your computer screen and on your eReaders and that sort of thing to put it more in the (18) reddish light.” The report on the effects of light on emotions was published in The Journal of Neuroscience.。

ambion triol 中文说明书

在 95％乙醇中 0.3M 盐酸胍
离心机和转子能够达到 12,000×g 8 mM NaOH
1％SDS
聚丙烯微量离心管
离心机和转子能够达到 12,000×g 离心机和转子能够达到 12,000×g
水浴或热块（55-60℃）
聚丙烯微量离心管
聚丙烯微量离心管
准备样品
2.每 1mL 用于匀浆的 TRIzol®试剂，向水相中加入 0.5mL 的 100％异丙醇。
3.在室温下孵育 10 分钟。
4.在 4℃下以 12,000×g 离心 10 分钟。
注意：RNA 在离心之前通常不可见，并在管的侧面和底部形成凝胶状颗粒。
5.进行 RNA 洗涤。
RNA 洗涤
1.从管中取出上清液，只留下 RNA 颗粒。
需要以下附加材料，但不提供用于分离 RNA，DNA 或蛋白质。
分离 RNA
氯仿
分离 DNA
氯仿
分离蛋白质
氯仿
异丙醇
100％乙醇
异丙醇
75％乙醇（在 DEPC 处理过的水中） 75％乙醇
100％乙醇
无 RNase 的水或 0.5％SDS
0.1M 柠檬酸钠在 10％乙醇中
下保存过夜，但长期储存可用 HEPES 调节至 pH7-8，加入 1mM EDTA。储存于 4°C 或-20°C。
确定 RNA 和 DNA 的产量
在 260 nm 和 280 nm 处使用 RNA 和 DNA 的吸光度来确定浓度。
样品
步骤
RNA
1.在无 RNase 的水中稀释样品，并测量 260 nm 和 280
3-4μg
肾
3-4μg
3-4μg

DERSIMELAGON 产品说明书

488 Scientific AbstractsSystemic sclerosis, myositis and related syndromes - aetiology, pathogenesis and animal modelsPOS0467 DERSIMELAGON, A NOVEL ORAL MELANOCORTIN1 RECEPTOR AGONIST, DEMONSTRATES DISEASE-MODIFYING EFFECTS IN PRECLINICAL MODELS OFSYSTEMIC SCLEROSISM. Kondo1, T. Suzuki1, Y. Kawano1, S. Kojima2, M. Miyashiro1, A. Matsumoto1, G. Kania3, P. Blyszczuk3, R. Ross4, P. Mulipa4, F. Del Galdo4, Y. Zhang5, J. H. W. Distler5. 1Mitsubishi T anabe Pharma Corporation, Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Souyaku Innovative Research Division, Y okohama, Japan;2Mitsubishi T anabe Pharma Corporation, Discovery T echnology Laboratories, Souyaku Innovative Research Division, Y okohama, Japan;3University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Schlieren, Switzerland;4University of Leeds, Leeds Instituteof Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, United Kingdom;5Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Erlangen, GermanyBackground: Activation of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is known to have broad anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. The bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin fibrosis murine model is well-established for systemic sclerosis (SSc). α-mel-anocyte-stimulating hormone, an endogenous ligand of MC1R, inhibits skin fibro-sis and MC1R knock-out enhances skin fibrosis in this model. These pieces of evidence suggest that MC1R agonism has potential in the treatment of SSc. Objectives: Dersimelagon phosphate (MT-7117) is an investigational small molecule that is an orally administered, selective agonist for MC1R. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of MT-7117 as a therapeutic agent for SSc by evaluat-ing its efficacy and mechanism of action in complementary preclinical models. The expression and distribution of MC1R in the skin of SSc patients was investigated. Methods: The effects of MT-7117 on skin fibrosis and lung inflammation were eval-uated in BLM-induced SSc murine models that were optimized for prophylactic and therapeutic evaluation. Microarray-based gene expression analysis and serum pro-tein profiling were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of MT-7117 in the BLM-induced SSc models. The effect of MT-7117 on TGF-β-induced activation of human dermal fibroblasts was evaluated in vitro. Immunohistochemical analyses of MC1R expression in skin samples from SSc patients were performed. Results: Prophylactic treatment with MT-7117 (≥0.3 mg/kg/day p.o.) significantly inhibited the increase in collagen content of the skin, the serum level of sur-factant protein D, and the weight of the lungs from BLM-induced skin fibrosis and lung inflammation model. Therapeutic treatment with MT-7117 (≥3 mg/kg/ day p.o.) significantly suppressed skin thickening and the numbers of myofi-broblasts in pre-established BLM-induced skin fibrosis model. Gene array anal-ysis using the BLM-induced SSc model demonstrated changes in numerous categories related to macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils, followed by endothelial cell-related categories after treatment with MT-7117. In the analy-sis that focused on biological functions, categories of inflammatory response, activation of antigen-presenting cells, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, vascu-logenesis, and vaso-occlusion were suppressed by MT-7117. In the analysis that focused on molecular signaling pathways, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, IL-6, and oncostatin M involved in inflammation, and perox-isome proliferator-activated receptor that is related to fibrosis were all affected by MT-7117. Serum protein profiling using BLM-induced SSc model revealed that multiple SSc-related biomarkers including P-selectin, osteoprotegerin, cys-tatin C, growth and differentiation factor-15 and S100A9 were suppressed by MT-7117. MT-7117 inhibited the activation of human dermal fibroblasts by sup-pressing TGF-β-induced ACTA2 (encoding α-smooth muscle actin) mRNA ele-vation in vitro. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that MC1R positivity was observed in 40 of 50 diffuse cutaneous SSc patients. MC1R was expressed by monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, blood vessels (endothelial cells), fibro-blasts, and epidermis (keratinocytes) in the skin of SSc patients. Conclusion: MT-7117 demonstrates disease-modifying effects in preclinical mod-els of SSc. Investigations of its mechanism of action and target expression anal-yses indicate that MT-7117 exerts its positive effects by affecting the pathologies of inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and fibrosis through inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. In view of its potent beneficial impact on all these three main pathologies of SSc, MT-7117 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of clinically challenging SSc, which has diverse and difficult to treat symp-toms. A phase 2 clinical trial investigating the efficacy and tolerability of MT-7117 in patients with early, progressive diffuse cutaneous SSc is currently in progress. Disclosure of Interests: Masahiro Kondo Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tsuyoshi Suzuki Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yuko Kawano Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corpora-tion, Shinji Kojima Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Masa-hiko Miyashiro Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Atsuhiro Matsumoto Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Gabriela Kania: None declared, Przemyslaw Blyszczuk: None declared, rebecca ross:None declared, Panji Mulipa: None declared, Francesco Del Galdo Grant/ research support from: Prof. F. Del Galdo received fees and research supportfrom Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Capella, Chemomab, Kymab, Janssen and Mitsubishi-Tanabe., Yun Zhang: None declared, Jörg H.W. DistlerGrant/research support from: Prof. J.H.W. Distler received consulting fees, lec-ture fees, and/or honoraria from Actelion, Active Biotech, Anamar, ARXX, aTyr,Bayer Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Galapagos, GSK, Inventiva, JB Therapeutics, Medac, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, RedX, RuiYi and UCB. J. H. W.Distler is stock owner of 4D Science and Scientific head of FibroCure.DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.29POS0468 EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FROM SERUM OFMYOSITIS PATIENTS AS CIRCULATING BIOMARKERSAND DISEASE MEDIATORSS. Kivity1,2, H. Kravitz3, C. Cohen3, D. Margoulis3, M. Amar3, G. Kazimirsky3,D. Ozeri4, A. Dori5, C. Brodie3. 1Meir Medical Center, Rheumatology Unit, KefarSava, Israel;2T el Aviv University, Sackler faculty of Medicine, T el Aviv-Y afo, Israel;3Bar-Ilan University, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences,Ramat Gan, Israel;4T el-HaShomer The Sheba Medical Center, ZabludowiczCenter for Autoimmune Disease, Ramat Gan, Israel;5T el-HaShomer The ShebaMedical Center, Department of Neurology, T alpiot Medical Leadership Program,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, T el Aviv University, Ramat Gan, IsraelBackground: Inflammatory myopathies (IM) are a heterogeneous group of disor-ders characterized by autoimmune inflammatory destruction of skeletal muscles.It is many times associated with lung, skin and joint involvement. Identifying bio-markers that can differentiate IM from other muscle disorders may elucidate the pathophysiology of IM, guide novel therapies, monitor disease activity/responseto treatments and predict prognosis. Exosomes are membrane-bound nanove-sicles with diameters of 30-150 nm that contain multiple proteins, nucleic acid,lipids and other molecules in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. Exosomes are secreted by a large variety of cells, play major roles in cell-cell interactions, andhave recently emerged as circulating biomarkers in a variety of pathological con-ditions, including several autoimmune diseases.Objectives: To characterize exosomes from serum of IM patients, analyze pro-tein expression and study their potential mediators of disease pathologies.Methods: Serum was collected from patients suffering from IM(n=5) and from patients suffering from Becker (BMD) and Duchenne (DMD) muscular dystro-phies (n=6). Exosomes were isolated by Exoquick precipitation and analyzedfor size distribution and by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and by Westernblot for exosome markers. The effects of the isolated EVs on human satellitecell proliferation and differentiation and macrophage activation were examined. Results: Exosomes from IM patients decreased human satellite cell proliferation (51%, P<0.01) and inhibited their myogenic differentiation as indicated by lower fusionindex (24% inhibition, P<0.01) and expression of myosin heavy chain (72% inhibi-tion, P<0.001). Similar results were obtained also with exosomes derived from DMDand BMD patients; however, their inhibitory effect were more pronounced on MyoG expression. T reatment of macrophages with exosomes from IM patients significantly increased the expression of IL-10 (3-fold, P<0.001), compared to exosomes of healthy controls and DMD patients. Another significant difference was in the expression of sig-naling molecules: Thus, exosomes from BMD patients increased the phosphorylationof Erk and p38, whereas a smaller effect was induced by IM exosomes.Conclusion: Exosomes from IM patients decrease satellite cell proliferationand myogenic differentiation compared to healthy exosomes. In addition, these exosomes increased the expression of IL-10 in macrophages. These effects areunique to exosomes of IM patients compared to muscular dystrophies. These promising results suggest that serum exosomes should be further investigatedas a novel biomarker with potential therapeutic implications.Disclosure of Interests: Shaye Kivity Speakers bureau: BI, Abbvie, Lilly, Pfizer, Janssen, Neopharm, Grant/research support from: Sobi, Haya Kravitz: None declared, Coral Cohen: None declared, Darya Margoulis: None declared, MosheAmar: None declared, Gila Kazimirsky: None declared, David Ozeri Speakers bureau: Neopharm, Consultant of: Abbvie, Amir Dori Grant/research supportfrom: Biogen, Chaya Brodie Grant/research support from: Biogen.DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.63POS0469 ENDOTHELIAL TO MESENCHYMAL TRANSITIONAND SENESCENCE ARE PART OF THE FIBROTICPATHOGENESIS IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSISY. H. Chiu1,2, J. Spierings1, J. M. Van Laar1, J. De Vries-Bouwstra3, M. VanDijk4, R. Goldschmeding4. 1University Medical Center Utrecht, Departmentof Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Utrecht, Netherlands;2T ri-ServiceGeneral Hospital, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, T aipei, T aiwan, Republic of China;3Leiden University Medical Center, The Department of on December 24, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright./ Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.29 on 23 May 2022. Downloaded from。

TOEFL_EXERCISE_PAPER_5-6(1)

for the time being 暂且Apartment manager 公寓管理员Estate agent 房地产经纪人,代管房地产者Snowflake 雪花Sculpture 雕刻Exercise FivePART ADirections: In Part A you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your textbook and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.1.(A) The test consisted of one page.(B) The exam was difficult for the woman.(C) The woman found the exam easy.(D) The woman completed the exam in one hour.2.(A) Parents.(B) A teacher and a student.(C) Two friends.(D) A parent and a child.3.(A) Play the piano.(B) Learn to sing.(C) Keep her company.(D) Teach her to sing.4.(A) Leave work early.(B) Call the telephone company at noon.(C) Go to work during the afternoon.(D) Go to the telephone company between one and three.5.(A) On a college campus.(B) In a bank.(C) In a doctor’s clinic.(D) In a hardware store.6.(A) He was speeding.(B) He ran a red light.(C) He went through a stop sign(D) He turned a corner too fast.7.(A) To save her money for a long time.(B) To buy a new car.(C) To purchase a used car.(D) To get a second car.8.(A) Her guests don’t like punch.(B) The man left two gallons of punch on the shelf.(C) She has too many gallons of punch.(D) She will run out of punch.9.(A) His advisor.(B) His teacher.(C) His partner.(D) His boss.10.(A) Frank’s car was accidentally lost.(B) Frank was killed in a car accident.(C) Frank fell out of a car.(D) Frank survived a car accident.11.(A) They are faded.(B) They are dirty.(C) They are dyed(D) They are blue.12.(A) They have two children already.(B) Mrs. Taylor wishes to have children, but her husband doesn’t.(C) They will start a family as soon as they get married.(D) They don’t want children for the time being.13.(A) Four contestants failed to win prizes.(B) The man ate during the show.(C) The woman missed the show.(D) Five contestants won cars.14.(A) Change apartments.(B) Look for a less expensive place to live.(C) Move to the mountains.(D) Find an older apartment away from the lakes.15.(A) Cough medicine.(B) Honey and whiskey.(C) Antibiotics.(D) Over-the-counter remedies.16.(A) He must see the dentist.(B) He must give a speech.(C) He has a meeting to attend.(D) He must travel to a business conference.17.(A) A new restaurant.(B) A new hotel.(C) A new hospital.(D) A new airport.18.(A) John should not talk Bill anymore.(B) John should tell Bill not to think negatively.(C) John should take Bill’s remarks seriously.(D) John should pay little attention to what Bill says.19.(A) The woman buys all her clothes in Chicago.(B) The woman purchased no dresses in Chicago.(C) The woman can sew.(D) The woman bought one dress in Chicago.20.(A) He arrived at the subway station late.(B) The subway is not on time.(C) The subway left an hour ago.(D) The woman kept him from boarding.21.(A) It will probably rain.(B) It will probably be foggy.(C) It will probably not rain.(D) It will probably be cold.22.(A) Take four pills.(B) Hesitate to take any pills.(C) Take the doctor’s advice.(D) Take eight pills.23.(A) In Rome.(B) In Paris.(C) In London.(D) In Madrid.24.(A) By plane.(B) By car.(C) By bus.(D) By train.25.(A) In a park(B) In a museum.(C) In a zoo.(D) In a pet store.26.(A) Get directions to the bus station.(B) Get to the grocery store.(C) Give the man directions to the bus station.(D) Find out where the stoplight is.27.(A) She’s maid.(B) She sells stoves and refrigerators.(C) She’s an apartment manager.(D) She’s a real estate agent.28.(A) Four hundred dollars.(B) A little less than four hundred dollars.(C) No money at all.(D) A great deal less than four hundred dollars.29.(A) A bus station.(B) An airport.(C) A super highway.(D) A train station.30.(A) He got angry with his boss.(B) He always got to work late.(C) He was frequently sick and absent from work.(D) He prepared a financial report incorrectly.PART B 14：25Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.31.(A) They are both students.(B) They are both professors.(C) One is a student and the other is a professor.(D) Jeff Leppard and Howard Jones.32.(A) In the cafeteria.(B) In a restaurant.(C) In a classroom at school.(D) In a professor’s office.33.(A) There was a sudden dropping of temperatures on earth.(B) There was a sudden warming of temperatures on earth.(C) The polar glaciers slowly melted.(D) A dust cloud blocked out the sun.34.(A) They didn’t talk about extinction.(B) They only mentioned one.(C) Two theories.(D) Four theories.17：1035.(A) Whether or not snowflakes can be analyzed.(B) How snowflakes are formed.(C) What causes a snowstorm.(D) Where the largest snowflakes can be found.36.(A) She has never soon snow before.(B) She is conducting research on snow.(C) She wants to make artificial snow.(D) She has been reading about snow.37.(A) One.(B) Two.(C) Three.(D) Four.38.(A) The shape of dust particles in the air.(B) The relative humidity.(C) The temperature of the air.(D) The geography of the area.PART C 19：34Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will hear some questions. The talks and questions will not be repeated.39.(A) The layout of the laboratory.(B) A laboratory experiment.(C) The workbook for the laboratory course.(D) A piece of equipment.40.(A) Homework must be handed in on time.(B) The students must follow all instructions exactly.(C) The students will be able to make choices about the laboratory work.(D) A great deal of equipment is available.41.(A) The activities are to be done during class.(B) The activities take less time.(C) No equipment is needed for the activities.(D) Few instructions are given for the activities.42.(A) At the beginning of the semester.(B) When the students need to be motivated.(C) After the first laboratory session.(D) When the students have done good work.43.(A) History of American photography.(B) Paintings inspired by photographs.(C) Early photographic techniques.(D) The work of two photographers.44.(A) He photographed her house.(B) He photographed her paintings.(C) He gave her advice on painting photography.(D) He gave her advice on painting techniques.45.(A) Painting.(B) New York architecture.(C) Photographing sculpture.(D) Photographing people.46.(A) It is the only record left of the painting.(B) It is the last photo taken by the Julia.(C) It has become more valuable than the painting.(D) It was destroyed with the painting in a fire.47.(A) To encourage people to participate in a club activity.(B) To introduce a new kind of bicycle.(C) To inform beginning cyclists about New Jersey’s traffic laws.(D) To warn tourists about bicycling on the roadways.48.(A) Its large number of bicycle clubs.(B) Its geographic variety.(C) Its network of superhighways.(D) Its mild climate.49.(A) Some of them are inaccessible to beginning cyclists.(B) Some of them commemorate the development of the bicycle.(C) They are nice places to visit on bicycle tours.(D) They help to make New Jersey a wealthy state.50.(A) Repair their bicycles.(B) Go on a bicycle tour.(C) Take a test about road safety.(D) Participate in a bicycle race.Exercise SixPART ADirections: In Part A you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your textbook and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.1.(A) He publishes books.(B) He is an author.(C) He collects automobiles.(D) He works in industry.2.(A) He has a promising career.(B) He can’t sell books.(C) He and his boss get along well.(D) He prefers to be a fireman.3.(A) She would’ve received an A.(B) She would’ve received a C.(C) She would’ve received a D.(D) She would’ve received a B.4.(A) He prefers his old set of clubs.(B) He has little chance to play golf.(C) He’s playing better golf recently.(D) He’s too old to play much golf.5.(A) He suggests that she visit Belgium.(B) He suggests that she spend more time studying her textbook.(C) He suggests that she spend more time in the language laboratory.(D) He suggests that she get a tutor.6.(A) Mow the lawn.(B) Weed the flowers.(C) Pay $50 a month for a gardener.(D) Work in the flowerbeds.7.(A) The man and woman shopped all over town.(B) The woman went to many different stores.(C) The woman bought some bookcases on sale.(D) The man sold the woman some expensive bookcases.8.(A) On a farm.(B) In a slaughterhouse.(C) In a market.(D) In a feed store.9.(A) He read the newspaper.(B) One of his students told him.(C) He listened to a radio report.(D) He attended a cabinet meeting.10.(A) Vegetables.(B) Cereal and vegetables.(C) Cereal and banana.(D) Rice and mashed fruit.11.(A) Setting the table.(B) Polishing silver.(C) Sewing napkins.(D) Stocking a pantry.12.(A) He went directly to the boss with his problem.(B) He decided to keep the problem to himself.(C) He let his mother speak to the boss about the problem.(D) He told his boss’s mother about the problem.13.(A) To mail a letter.(B) To buy stamps.(C) To get a package.(D) To deliver a check to the postman.14.(A) She lost a hundred dollars on the way to the health club.(B) She received a refund of one hundred dollars from the health club.(C) She refused to sign a contract with the health club.(D) She failed to keep contract with the health club.15.(A) She plans to teach.(B) She plans to write a book.(C) She plans to do a great deal of reading.(D) She plans to stay at home and rest.16.(A) He thinks that they are of inferior quality.(B) He thinks that they are a bargain.(C) He thinks that they are overpriced.(D) He thinks that they can be purchased at a cheaper price elsewhere.17.(A) She is full.(B) She doesn’t want to gain weight.(C) She thinks the dessert will be too rich for her.(D) She is afraid of spilling the dessert on her clothes.18.(A) In a museum.(B) In a park.(C) In a library.(D) In an art store.19.(A) Disconnect his telephone.(B) Blow a whistle into the receiver.(C) Keep a record of incoming annoyance.(D) Report his problem to the police.20.(A) By one o’clock.(B) By two o’clock.(C) By three o’clock.(D) By twelve o’clock.21.(A) She thinks that the ticket line will be too long.(B) She thinks that the speaker won’t show up.(C) She thinks that no more tickets are available.(D) She thinks the seminar will not be open to the public.22.(A) A play.(B) A movie.(C) A lecture.(D) A concert.23.(A) Six weeks.(B) Five weeks.(C) Four weeks.(D) Three weeks.24.(A) In a hospital.(B) In a law office.(C) In a plant store.(D) In a gift shop.25.(A) Cooking.(B) Eating dinner.(C) Writing a check.(D) Getting dressed.26.(A) By plane.(B) By bus.(C) By car.(D) By train.27.(A) Two.(B) Five.(C) Seven.(D) Nine.28.(A) Building an office complex.(B) building a clubhouse(C) Building a private residence.(D) Building an apartment house.29.(A) At home.(B) In the hospital.(C) In the doctor’s office.(D) At work.30.(A) He advises that she have them sent C. O. D.(B) He tells her to send two dollars in cash now and the rest upon the delivery of the books.(C) He advises that she pay for the books with a credit card.(D) He advises her to pay for the books by check.PART BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.31.(A) c-e-n-t-r-e(B) c-e-r-r-e-n(C) c-e-b-t-e-r(D) c-r-e-n-t-r-e32.(A) ur(B) aur(C) or(D) ir33.(A) An area of level surface.(B) A movie actor.(C) An apartment in the city.(D) A British movie.34.(A) British English and American English are the same.(B) The Americans ca n’t understand the British.(C) The British and Americans spell differently and have some different vocabulary, but theypronounce words the same way.(D) The British and Americans have different vocabulary and spelling, but they stillunderstand each other.35.(A) Giving a lecture.(B) Discussing political science.(C) Working on a science problem.(D) Reading twentieth-century literature.36.(A) Telling jokes.(B) Falling asleep during meals.(C) Staying late after class.(D) Eating in the cafeteria.37.(A) They complete all their assignments.(B) They study hard for their tests.(C) They compete for the best seats in the class.(D) They read all his books.38.(A) Controversial.(B) Impersonal.(C) Patronizing.(D) Cooperative.PART CDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will hear some questions. The talks and questions will not be repeated.39.(A) Their famous mating call.(B) Their external skeletons.(C) The harm they might do to crops.(D) The length of their life cycle.40.(A) In August.(B) In May or June.(C) In the morning.(D) At midnight.41.(A) Their exoskeletons.(B) The noise they make.(C) Their long lives.(D) Their resemblance to locusts.42.(A) A group of children.(B) A distinguished group of scientists.(C) A forestry class.(D) Biology students who are preparing for an exam.43.(A) To exhibit a more spacious hall.(B) To reflect changes in scientific theory.(C) To make use of the latest technology.(D) To display newly acquired fossils.44.(A) It had aggressive tendencies.(B) It is connected to modern birds.(C) It was the largest dinosaur ever found.(D) Its tails usually dragged on the ground.45.(A) They are from the same period of time.(B) They share similar physical traits.(C) They ate similar food.(D) They live in a cold and arid climate.46.(A) According to their size.(B) According to the region of the world they lived in.(C) According to their eating habit.(D) According to when they lived.47.(A) How the tone of a piano is affected by its shape.(B) How to measure a piano’s resonance.(C) How size makes a piano more expensive.(D) How to improve your performance by choosing the right piano.48.(A) Jazz and popular music sound better on them.(B) They sound as good as grand pianos.(C) They are easy to move around.(D) They occupy less space.49.(A) Have members of the audience try each piano themselves.(B) Urge members of the audience to buy upright pianos.(C) Play each piano so the audience can listen to the difference.(D) Open each piano and let the audience see how they are strung.50.(A) Try to restore old square pianos.(B) Begin to practice on uprights and grands.(C) Buy uprights.(D) Listen attentively to the performance.。

PureWick 女性外用腹腔引流器说明书

Instructions for UseAttach to hospital wall suction or D ry D oc TM Vacuum Tuck betweenAlign with Place gauzeSetup:1. Connect the canister to wall suctionand set to a minimum of 40mmHgcontinuous suction. Always use theminimum amount of suction necessary.If using the D ry D oc TM Vacuum Station,connect the canister to the unit andturn the unit on. Please consult theD ry D oc TM Vacuum Station User Guidefor further information.2. Using standard suction tubing, connectthe P ure W ick TM Female ExternalCatheter to the collection canister.Peri-care and Placement:3. Perform perineal care and assessskin integrity (document per hospitalprotocol). Separate legs, gluteusmuscles, and labia. Palpate pubicbone as anatomical marker.4. With soft gauze side facing patient,align distal end of the P ure W ick TMFemale External Catheter at glutealcleft. Gently tuck soft gauze sidebetween separated gluteus and labia.Ensure that the top of the gauze isaligned with the pubic bone. Slowlyplace legs back together oncethe P ure W ick TM Female ExternalCatheter is positioned.Note: Patient can be positioned on back,side lying, frog legged, or lying on backwith knees bent and thighs apart (lithotomyposition) prior to device placement.Maintenance:6. Replace the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter at least every 8-12 hours or if soiled with feces or blood. Always assess skin for compromise and perform perineal care prior to placement of a new P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter.Removal:5. To remove the P ure W ick TM Female ExternalCatheter, fully separate the legs, gluteus,and labia. To avoid potential skin injury uponremoval, gently pull the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter directly outward. Ensuresuction is maintained while removing theP ure W ick TM Female External Catheter. Afteruse, this product may be a potential biohazard.Dispose of in accordance with applicable local,state and federal laws and regulations.FEMALE EXTERNAL CATHETER P ure W ickIndication for use:The P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter is intended for non-invasive urine output management in female patients. Caution: This Product Contains Dry Natural Rubber Contraindications: • Patients with urinary retention Warnings:• Do not use the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter with bedpan or any material that does not allow for sufficient airflow.• To avoid potential skin injury, never push or pull the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter against the skin duringplacement or removal.• Never insert the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter into vagina, anal canal, or other body cavities.• Discontinue use if an allergic reaction occurs.• After use, this product may be a potential biohazard. Dispose of in accordance with applicable local, state and federal laws and regulations.Precautions: • Not recommended for patients who are: ▫ Agitated, combative, or uncooperative and might remove the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter ▫ Having frequent episodes of bowel incontinence without a fecal management system in place ▫ Experiencing skin irritation or breakdown at the site ▫ Experiencing moderate/heavy menstruation and cannot use a tampon • Do not use barrier cream on the perineum when using the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter. Barrier cream may impede suction. • Not recommended for use on patients with a known latex allergy. • Proceed with caution in patients who have undergone recent surgery of the external urogenital tract. • Always assess skin for compromise and perform perineal care prior to placement of a new P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter. • Maintain suction until the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter is fully removed from the patient to avoid urine backflow.Recommendations:• Perform each step with clean technique. In the home setting, wash hands thoroughly before device placement.• Prior to connecting the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter to hospital wall suction tubing, verify suction function by covering theopen end of the suction tubing with one hand and observing the pressure dial. If the pressure does not increase when the line iscovered, verify that the tubing is secured, connected, and not kinked.• Ensure the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter remains in the correct position after turning the patient. Remove the P ure W ick TMFemale External Catheter prior to ambulation.• Properly placing the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter snugly between the labia and gluteus holds the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter in place for most patients. Mesh underwear may be useful for securing the P ure W ick TM Female ExternalCatheter for some patients.• Assess device placement and patient’s skin at least every 2 hours.• Replace the P ure W ick TM Female External Catheter every 8-12 hours or when soiled with feces or blood. • Change suction tubing per hospital protocol or at least every thirty (30) days.EXTERNAL USE ONLY FEMALE EXTERNAL CATHETER P ure W ick。

实验操作

免疫沉淀（Immunoprecipitation IP ）美国芝加哥大学分子肿瘤实验室提供一、准备试剂：IP裂解液配制方法（100毫升体积）：50mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 1M 5ml100mM NaCl 5M 2ml0.5% NP-40 (10% stock) 10ml0.3mM NaVO3 5.52mg50mM Na F 210mg20mM Na Pyrphosphate 892mg1mM PMSF 17.42mg加水至总体积达到100 ml二、实验步骤：（本方法适用于从细胞培养来源的蛋白质）1．将细胞培养液移去，加入裂解液-蛋白酶抑制剂混合液（IP-PI buffer）（T25培养瓶中加入1毫升，T75中加入3毫升），充分裂解后，将混合液转入微量离心管中。

2．冰上放置20分钟，偶尔轻微震荡。

3．4℃下，微量离心机最高速离心5分钟。

将上清液转移至另一微量离心管中。

4．加入30ul protein G- Sepharose beads（与IP-PI buffer 1：1混合）至样品中，4℃下充分混合震荡反应1小时。

5．微量离心机最高速离心1分钟，将上清转移至另一微量离心管中。

6．加入抗需要沉淀的蛋白质的抗体（2-5ug/ 样品），4℃下充分混合震荡反应1小时。

7．加入30ul protein G- Sepharose beads，4℃下充分混合震荡反应1小时。

8．微量离心机最高速离心1分钟，将上清吸弃，收集beads沉淀。

9．沉淀中加入2ul 2-巯基乙醇，煮沸10分钟，离心后取上清，行SDS-PAGE胶电泳及Wester-blotting 检测。

Western Blot(NC膜)重庆医科大学感染病分子生物学实验室一、SDS－PAGE胶电泳1. 75％酒精擦洗洁净玻片及加样梳，组装制胶槽；2. 配制分离胶：1）根据分子量选择分离胶的浓度；2）依次加入ddH2O、30％丙烯酰胺（普通滤纸过滤，避光保存）、1.5MTris－Cl（pH8.8）、10％SDS、10％过硫酸胺、TEMED，充分混匀，将混合液加至双层玻片之间；注意：1、TEMED是促凝剂，加了以后应迅速灌胶；2、分离胶的高度为插上加样梳后梳子下缘下1cm；3）以ddH2O封闭，室温放置1h以上；（可以加大促凝剂和催化剂的量，这样可以在短时间内完成分离胶配制；4）当水和分离胶有了可见的明显界限，倒掉上层水，以滤纸吸尽多余的水分（或将制胶器倾斜用加样枪吸去水即可）；注意：手法轻柔一些，不可损伤分离胶；3. 配制积层胶：1）浓度均为5％，只需选择体积，宁多勿少；2）配制方法同上，灌至平低玻片上缘，插上加样梳，小心不能产生气泡；3）室温放置1h以上；（可以加大促凝剂和催化剂的量，节省时间）注意：1、BioRad的两块板需要分离胶7ml，积层胶3ml；2、此时Tris－Cl为1.0M（pH6.8）；3、加样梳不能做平行移动，只能上下移动；4. 样品处理：1）细菌和细胞离心所得沉淀以PBS（也可以直接加入上样buffer）重悬，体积根据细菌量和细胞数调节；2）以等倍体积2×蛋白上样缓冲液混匀；3）沸水煮3－5分钟；注意：时间不宜过长，尤其是Marker；（Marker参看说明书要求，MBI的比较好，Prome ga的较差）4）离心，取上清加样；5. 电泳：1）电泳装置组装完毕后，加入甘氨酸电泳缓冲液，拔出加样梳；2）依次加样；（Marker最好选用预染型，这样在电泳时就可方便的判断目的蛋白的位置）；3）积层胶电压宜小，90－120V，分离胶可增至120－180V。

泰兴市二高Unit2Theenv...

泰兴市二高Unit2Theenv...Teaching aims:1 Learn the functions of V-ing form in sentences.2 Enable the students to master the usage of V-ing form. Difficult & Important points:1Why should we use v-ing from？2 How do we use v-ing form?Teaching methods:Deductive teaching.Discussion.Teaching aids:A projector. A computer.Procedure:Step 1 Lead in.1The children stopped _____as the teacher came in.A talkB to talkC talkingD talked2.He is quite used _______in all sorts of weather.A flyB to flyC to flyingD to flied3.Doctor Bethune went on ____throughout the night.A workB workedC to workD working.4 Your shoes are dirty. They need _____badly.A washB washedC to washD washing5.The teacher spent a lot of time_____me with my grammar.A helpB to helpC helpedD helping6.It was raining hard, but we kept on _____forward.A moveB movedC movingD to move7.Please come early. Don’t keep us_______ for long.A waitB to waitC waitingD waited8.She suggested ______for an outing next Sunday.A goB to go Cgoing D gone9 Wang lin insisted on_____to work in the countryside.A be sentB sendingC being sentD send10.Would your friend mind_______a little more softly?A to speakB spokenC speakingD speak11.I don’t feel like____to the movies.A goB to goC goingD gone12.The shy girl doesn’t like ______at in public.A laughingB to laughC laughedD being laughed13.I first considered ______to him, but then decided ______him.A writing; seeingB to write; to seeC writing; to seeD to write; seeing14.Do you consider it better_______?A not goingB not goC not having goneD not to goStep 2 The usage of V-ing formI 作定语1单个的现在分词作定语，放在名词的前面，相当于形容词，可加副词修饰。

NI Elvis II AC Circuits Laboratory手册说明书

Lab 3 – AC Circuit ToolsContentsExercise 3.1: Measurement of the Circuit Component Values (2)Exercise 3.2: Measurement of Component and Circuit Impedance Z (2)Exercise 3.3: Testing an RC Circuit with the Function Generator and Oscilloscope (4)Exercise 3.4: The Gain/Phase Bode Plot of the RC Circuit (8)Multisim Challenge: Determine the Bode Plot of an RC circuit. (11)Figure 3.0Scope SFP showing two channel capabilityMany electronic circuits contain alternating current (AC). Designing good circuits requires tools to measure components, impedance values, and tools to display circuit properties. With good AC tools and minimal circuit knowledge, you can modify any circuit to achieve optimal response.Goal:This lab introduces the NI ELVIS II tools for AC circuits: a digital multimeter, function generator, oscilloscope, impedance analyzer, and Bode analyzer.Required Soft Front Panels (SFPs)Digital Multimeter using Ohmmeter/Capacitance (DMM[Ω/C])Function Generator (FGEN)Oscilloscope (Scope)Impedance Analyzer (Imped)Bode Analyzer (Bode)Required Components1 kΩ resistor R (brown, black, red)1 µF capacitor CExercise 3.1: Measurement of the Circuit Component ValuesComplete the following steps to obtain the values of the circuit components:unch the NI ELVIS II Instrument Strip.2.Select Digital Multimeter.3.Connect test leads to the DMM (VΩ►├. ) and (COM).e DMM[Ω] to measure the resistor, R.e DMM[C] to measure the capacitor, C.6.Fill in the following chart:Resistor R _________________ kΩ (1 kΩ nominal)Capacitor C _________________ µF (1 µF nominal)7. Close the DMM.End of Exercise 3.1Exercise 3.2: Measurement of Component and Circuit Impedance ZFor a resistor, the impedance is the same as the DC resistance. You can represent it on a 2D plot as a line along the x-axis, which is often called the real component. For a capacitor, the impedance (or more specifically, the reactance), X C is imaginary, depends on frequency, and is represented as a line along the y-axis of a 2D plot. It is called the imaginary component.Mathematically, the reactance of a capacitor is represented by:X C = 1/jωCwhere ω is the angular frequency (measured in radians/sec) and j is a symbol used to represent an imaginary number. The impedance of an RC circuit in series is the sum of these two components where R is the resistive (real) component and X C is the reactive (imaginary) component.Z = R + X C = R + 1/jωC ΩImpedance can also be represented as a phasor vector on a polar plot with:Magnitude = √ (R2 + X C2)andPhase θ = tan-1 (X C / R)A resistor has a phasor along the real (x) axis. A capacitor has a phasor along the negative imaginary (y) axis. Recall from complex algebra that1/j = -j.Complete the following steps to visualize this phasor in real time:1.Select Impedance Analyzer (Imped) from the NI ELVIS II Instrument Launcherstrip.Figure 3.1. Phasor Vector for an RC circuit at 1000 Hz2.Place your components on the NI ELVIS II protoboard.3.Connect jumpers from Impedance Analyzer DUT+ and DUT- to the nominal 1 kΩresistor.4.Turn on power to the NI ELVIS II protoboard and click on Run.5.Verify that the resistor phasor is along the real axis and its Phase is zero.6.Connect the Impedance jumpers to the capacitor.7.Verify that the capacitor phasor is along the negative imaginary axis and its Phase is270 or -90 degrees.8.The default measurement frequency is 1000 Hz. Adjust the frequency value andobserve that the reactance (length of the phasor) gets smaller when you increase thefrequency and larger when you decrease the frequency. Recall |Xc| = 1/ωC.9.Connect the Impedance jumpers across the capacitor and resistor in series. The phasorhas now both a real and imaginary component.10.Change the measurement frequency from 100, to 500, to 1000, to 1500 Hz and watchthe phasor move.11.Adjust the frequency until the magnitude of the reactance |Xc| equals the magnitudeof the resistor, R. At this special frequency, the phasor phase reads 315 or -45degrees.12.What is the magnitude of the phasor ____________?Answer: about |R| 1.4113.Close the Impedance Analyzer window.End of Exercise 3.2Exercise 3.3: Testing an RC Circuit with the Function Generator and Oscilloscope Complete the following steps to build and test the RC circuit.1.On the workstation protoboard, build a voltage divider circuit, using a 1 µF capacitorand a 1.0 kΩ resistor.2.Connect the RC circuit inputs to function generator [FGEN] and [Ground] pin socketson the protoboard. It is important that the function generator is connected to thecapacitor and the resistor is connected to the ground, and not the other way around.This will be explained later.Figure 3.2. Real RC componets connected to the FGENThe power supply for an AC circuit is often a function generator. Use it to test your RC circuit.3.From the NI ELVIS II Instrument Launcher strip, select FGEN icon.Figure 3.3. FGEN front panelThe FGEN SFP has controls, which can do the following:-select the waveform type (sine, triangle, or square)-set the frequency by rotating the Frequency dial or entering the frequency into a text box [Hz]-select the waveform amplitude and any offset using the Amplitude and DC Offset controlsFunction Generator real controls (Frequency) and (Amplitude) are also available on the right side of the NI ELVIS II workstation. As with the variable power supply, you can enable manual control by clicking on the Manual Mode box [ ]. A green LED on the right side of the workstation comes on to indicate manual control. The Frequency and Amplitude knobs are now active and the virtual controls are grayed out on the NI-ELVISmx Function Generator window. Note: The Function Generator also provides some special operations such as signal modulation (AM or FM) or frequency sweeping.4.Set the Function Generator to Sine wave, 2000 Hz, 2 V pk-pk. Click on Run.You can use the Scope SFP to visualize and analyze the voltage signals of the RC circuit.5.From the NI ELVIS II Instrument Launcher strip, select the Scope icon.Figure 3.4. Sine wave displayed on the Scope front panelThe scope instrument SFP is similar to most oscilloscopes, but the NI ELVIS II oscilloscope can automatically connect inputs to a variety of sources, features built-in AC measurements and waveform cursors, and can easily log a waveform pattern.6.Connect wires from the BNC 1 pin-outs on the left side of the protoboard across the 1kΩ resistor in your RC circuit. Connect the CH0 BNC port on the left side of the NIELVIS II workstation to the BNC 1 port on the left side of the protoboard. Applypower to the protoboard and click on the oscilloscope [Run] button.7.You see a sine wave on the oscilloscope. Set the controls as follows:- Scale CH0 500 mV/div- Coupling CH0 AC- Time base 500 µs/div- Trigger (Edge), Source (Chan 0 Source), Level (V) (0.1)Check out the Channel 0 measurements RMS: Freq: and Vpk-pk: at the bottom of the waveform screen. You can activate cursors to measure time-related parameters such as period, duty cycle, and time intervals.8.Play with the FGEN controls (virtual or real) and observe the changes on theoscilloscope window.9.Connect another set of wires from BNC2 to the Function Generator SYNC pin socketand GROUND on the protoboard. Don’t forget to connect the BNC2 port to ScopeCH1 with a BNC cable. SYNC is a TTL 5 V signal often used for triggering.10.Click the Scope CH1 enable box [ ]. You see a new signal (blue in color) and at TTLlevels. For reference, see the oscilloscope picture at the start of this lab, Figure 3.4.11.The RC circuit is a passive highpass filter with a low-frequency cutoff point near 160Hz. You can visualize the filter parameters using the FGEN Sweep Frequencyfeature. Set the oscilloscope at the above settings. Set the FGEN controls to thefollowing:-Start Frequency 5 Hz-Stop Frequency 5 kHz-Step 50 HzClick on the Function Generator [Stop] button and then click on the [Sweep] buttonNote: If the order of the capacitor and resistor is switched, then the circuit will be alow pass filter. This is why it was important to connect the function generator to thecapacitor and not the resistor..12.Observe how the filtered signal CH 0 changes with respect to the SYNC CH 1 signalin both amplitude and phase as the frequency is swept.At low frequencies, the signal CH 0 is smaller in amplitude and not in phase with theSYNC signal. At higher frequencies, the amplitude is close to the function generatoramplitude and the two signals are in phase.13.Close the Function Generator and Oscilloscope windows.End of Exercise 3.3Exercise 3.4: The Gain/Phase Bode Plot of the RC CircuitA Bode plot defines in a very real graphical format the frequency characteristics of an AC circuit. Amplitude response is plotted as the circuit gain measured in decibels as a function of log frequency. Phase response is plotted as the phase difference between the input and output signals on a linear scale as a function of log frequency.Complete the following steps to build an RC circuit and measure the gain and phase Bode plots of the circuit. Be sure to connect the function generator to the capacitor and not the resistor as this will change the functionality of the circuit.1.From the NI ELVIS II Instrument Launcher strip, select Bode icon.With the Bode Analyzer, you can scan over a range of frequencies – from a start frequency to a stop frequency in steps of ∆f. You can also set the amplitude of the test sine wave. The Bode Analyzer uses the function generator SFP to generate the test waveform. You must connect FGEN output sockets to your test circuit and to AI 1+ and Ground AI 1-. The output of the circuit under test goes to AI 0+ and Ground. You can find more information by clicking the HELP button on the lower right corner of the Bode Analyzer window.2.Rebuild the RC circuit on the NI ELVIS protoboard, similar to the following circuit andmake the connections as described above.Figure 3.5. RC componenst connections for Bode Measurements3.Verify that your circuit is connected as above. Turn on the protoboard power and click onthe [Run] button.Figure 3.6. Bode Analyzer front panel measurements of an RC circuit4.Click on the [ ] Cursors On box. You can step through your measured data points andview the magnitude and phase at each frequency measured.5.Note the frequency where the signal amplitude has fallen to -3 dB. The phase at this pointshould read approximately 45 degrees. This frequency is called the lowpass cutoff point.6.Both the oscilloscope and the Bode analyzer SFPs have a Log button. When activated,the data presented on the graphs is written to a text file on your hard drive. You can now read this data for further analysis with Excel, LabVIEW, NI DIAdem, or some other analysis or plotting program.7.Click on the [Log] button and save your data set.View an example data set like the one below when you click the Log button after a frequency scan.End of Exercise 3.4Multisim Challenge: Determine the Bode Plot of an RC circuit.Verify that the Bode plot as predicted with NI Multisim is a good representation of the real Bode plot found in Exercise 3.4.unch the Multisim program RC.2.Double-click the Bode icon to bring up the Bode results window.3.Run the program to get a feel for the shape of the Bode plots.4.Ensure the scales are set to the same as in Exercise 3.4.5.Double-click, in turn, the Resistor and the Capacitor and enter the component valuesfound in Exercise 3.1.6.Run the program a second time.Figure 3.7. Amplitude versus log Frequency of a Multisim RC Circuit7.On completion, click on the [Save] button. This saves the Multisim Bode plot data asan Excel file.8.Overlay, in Excel, your data set from Multisim with the data set taken in Exercise 3.4for the real circuit on NI ELVIS II.This exercise demonstrates how you can compare a circuit designed with Multisim with the real circuit built on NI ELVIS II.。

大学英语3词汇

大学英语3Unit 1 Part Afantasy n. 幻想，想像wealthy a. 富裕的suspicion n. 1.猜疑，怀疑2.怀疑，嫌疑arouse vt. 1.引起，唤起，激起2.唤醒injection n. 1.投入，注入2.注射deputy n. 1.副职，副手2.代理人court n. 1.法院，法庭2.球场considerate a. 体谅的，体贴的mislead vt. 1.给... ...以错误的想法或印象，使误解 2.领错或引错方向 3.把……带坏，使误入歧途restore vt. 1.重建，修复2.使恢复，使回复barber n. 理发师Christ int. (表示气愤、厌烦、惊讶等)n. 基督（基督教创始人）republican a. 共和国的，共和政体的，赞成共和的n. 拥护共和政体的人estate n. 1.庄园；大片私有土地2.财产（尤指遗产）brick n. 砖vt. 用砖砌，用砖堵住▲auction n. 拍卖；拍卖会vt. 拍卖hedge n. 1.（土地周围的）树篱2.保护手段，防护措施fantastic a. 1.极好的，极出色的2.异想天开的，不切实际的3.奇异的，古怪的horizon n. 1.地平线2.一个人的知识、经验、兴趣的限度或范围；眼界；见识multiple a. 多重的，多样的，多的n. 倍数mess n. 1.污秽，杂乱，混乱2.困境，狼狈的处境glorious a. 1.美丽的，辉煌的，灿烂的2.荣耀的，光荣的furnish vt. 1.供给家具，用家具布置2.提供，供应panel vt. 给... ...镶面板n. 1.面，板2.专门小组wood-paneled a. 镶木板的leather n. 皮，皮革crystal n. 水晶deceive vt. 欺骗，蒙蔽inherit vt. 继承（财产、爵位、头衔等）deposit n. 1.存款2.定金，押金notify vt. 通知，报告commission vt. 委任，任命n. 1.考察团，调查团，委员会2.任务，委托commissioner n. 委员，专员，特派员▲supervise vt. 监督，管理arrangement n. 1.计划，安排，准备2.整理，排列，布置substantial a. 1.大的，相当可观的2.大体上的，实质上的bulk n. 1.大半，大部分2.（巨大的）体积，大量arrest n. 逮捕，拘留vt. 逮捕，拘留motive n. 动机，（行动的）理由bloody ad. （用于加强语气）非常，很a. 1.（用于加强语气）非常的；该死的2.血污的，流血的debt n. 欠款，债务；负债justify vt. 为... ...辩护，证明... ...正当（或有理）Phrases and Expressionsraise a glass to 向... ...祝贺，为... ...干杯turn out 打扮、装饰；露面、出现buy up 全部买进，尽量收购bring …to life 使有活力（或生气）live out 过（某种生活）bring …into court 控告，起诉fall upon dark days 遭到不幸，倒霉stick by sb. 继续支持，忠于（尤指在困难时刻）add on 附加，加上sink …into 投资fix up 修理；整修make …into 使转变为sell sth. at a loss 亏本出售Unit 1 Part BNew Wordsromantic a. 1.传奇性的，有浪漫色彩的2.不切实际的，空想的agent n. 1.政府或其他组织的特工人员2.代理人corridor n. 走廊，通道accent n. 1.口音，腔调2.重音，强音writer n. 作家，作者mysterious a. 神秘的，难解的，不可思议的crack n. 1.爆炸声，劈啪声 2.裂缝，裂纹v. 1.（使）劈啪作响，（使）发爆裂声2.打开，砸开disguise n. 伪装，伪装物vt. 1.伪装2.掩盖，掩藏exploit n. 英勇的行为，冒险的行为vt. 1.利用，开发2.剥削exceedingly ad. 非常地，极度地opera n. 歌剧aside ad. 在边上，朝边上switch v. 转变，改变n. 1.开关，电闸2.转变，改变▲thrill n. 兴奋，激动，紧张感v. （使）非常兴奋，（使）非常激动slender a. 苗条的，纤细的missile n. 导弹，飞弹swear v. 1.发誓2.诅咒，骂devil n. 魔鬼damn a. (表示愤怒、厌烦等)该死的，可恶的int. （表示愤怒、厌烦等）该死，讨厌balcony n. 阳台utter a. 完全的，彻底的，十足的vt. 发出（声音），说simplify vt. 使易懂，使易做，简化mood n. 心情，情绪evil a. 道德败坏的，邪恶的，罪恶的standpoint n. 立场，观点anyhow ad. 1.不管怎样，无论如何，至少 2.粗心大意地，随随便便地swift a. 快的，迅速的，敏捷的twist vt. 1.弯曲或压挤2.曲解，歪曲n. 变化，转折，改变grasp vt. 1.抓住2.理解，领悟frame n. 1.画框，边框，框架2.构架，骨架vt. 1.在... ...上加框2.表达，设计，构想出heave vt. 1.很费劲地抬起，举起，拽起2.（用力）发出(叹息声)n. 举起，升降oval a. 椭圆形的n. 椭圆tray n. 盘，托盘，碟liquor n. 烈性酒sigh vi. 叹息，叹气n. 叹息，叹息声shiver vi. 战栗，发抖n. 战栗，发抖Phrases and Expressionsread about 借助阅读发现或查明for one thing （用以列举理由）首先；一则in the night 在夜晚，在半夜make an appointment 预约，约会switch on 接通(电源)，开启come on （电灯、电力机器等）开，开动，运转raise the devil 非常生气，大声抱怨check on 检查，核实，调查answer the door 应声开门point (sth.) at 瞄准，对着stare after 目不转睛地追随（某人），以凝视的目光随着（某人）移动Proper NamesAlbert 艾伯特Charles 查尔斯French 法国的；法国人，法语German 德国的；德国人，德语Paris 巴黎(法国首都)Max 马克斯Berlin 柏林(德国首都)Henry 亨利Unit 2 Part ANew Words▲endurance n. 忍耐，忍耐力moderate a. 1.中等的，适中的，适度的2.中庸的，温和的evidence n. 根据，证据，证明journal n. 1.日报，杂志，期刊2.日记consume vt. 1.吃，喝2.消耗，花费（尤指大量地）supplement n. 1.增补(物)，补充(物) 2.（杂志或报纸的）副刊，增刊vt. 增补，补充bounce v. （使）弹回，（使）反弹n. 弹，弹力respectively ad. 分别地，各自地ratio n. 比率plus conj. 并且，而且prep. 加，加上n. 1.加号，正号2.有利因素a. 正的restrict vt. 限制，约束liable a. 1.易于... ...的，有... ... 倾向的2.有法律责任的，有义务的allowance n. 1.限额，定量2.津贴，补助，零用钱digest vt. 1.消化 2.领会digestive a. 消化的phenomenon n. 现象vessel n. 1.血管，脉管 2.容器，器皿 3.船，舰typical a. 典型的，有代表性的◆typically ad. 典型地，有代表性地fatigue n. 疲劳，劳累molecule n. 分子protein n. 蛋白质calculate vt. 1.计算，估算2.认为，相信，推测sufficient a. 足够的，充分的compound n. 复合物，混合物indicate vt. 1.标示，表明2.指示方向storage n. 储存，储藏advisable a. 可取的，适当的，明智的yearly a. 每年的，一年一度的physician n. 内科医生modify vt. 修改，更改，改善undo vt. 1.取消，消除 2.解开，松开shortcoming n. 缺点select vt. 选择，挑选▲cereal n. 谷类作物，谷类食物（如麦片等）plentiful a. 大量的，丰富的derive v. 1.得到，获取2.起源于striking a. 1.显著的，突出的，惊人的 2.（由于美貌而）引人注目的，吸引人的interfere vi. 1.妨碍，干扰2.干涉，干预remedy vt. 补救，纠正n. 治疗方法，解决方法Phrases and Expressionslead to 导致bounce back 恢复正常，恢复过来in general 大体上；通常up to 至多，多达，直到take in 吸入，吞入at risk 处在危险之中tip over the edge 引起明显变化；(使)进入另一状态out of breath 呼吸急促，气喘吁吁add sth. to 加，增加，添加throw up 恶心，呕吐go up （价格、水平等）升高，上升sum up 概括，总结Proper NamesPurdue University 珀杜大学Roseanne M. Lyle 罗斯安妮·M.莱尔Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 《体育运动医学与科学》(期刊名)John L. Beard 约翰·L.比尔德Nancy Clark 南希·克拉克Unit 2 Part BNew Wordssuccession n. 1.一连串的事物，一系列2.连续，接续3.继任(权)，继承(权)imply vt. 暗示，暗指rat n. 鼠，大老鼠primary a. 1.首要的，基本的，主要的2.最初的，最早的vigorous a. 强壮的，有力的，精力充沛的formation n. 1.组成，形成2.形成物，结构3.排列，队形proposal n. 1.建议，计划，方案2.求婚laboratory n. 实验室complicated a. 复杂的，难以理解或解释的obstacle n. 障碍（物）exhibit vt. 1.显示，显出2.陈列，展览n. 展览品，陈列品possess vt. 拥有，具有density n. 密集；密度multiply v. 1.（使）增加，（使）繁殖 2.乘boost vt. 改善，提高，增强，推动n. 增加；帮助；鼓舞logical a. 合乎逻辑的，条理分明的inference n. 1.推断的结果，结论2.推论，推断，推知primarily ad. 首先，主要地，基本地measurement n. 1.测量，衡量2.（量得的）尺寸，大小corresponding a. 相应的，对应的stem vi. 源于，由... ...造成n. （植物、灌木或树木的）茎，干speculate v. 推测，推断reduction n. 1.减少，减低，减缩2.减少，减低，缩小penalty n. 处罚，惩罚；罚金neglect vt. 1.忽视，忽略2.遗忘n. 疏忽，忽略maintenance n. 1.维护，保养2.保持，维持academic a. 1.学术的，学院的2.纯理论的，不切实际的concentrate v. 1.集中，集中精神2.集中，聚集revise vt. 1.修正，修改2.复习，温习cell n. 细胞consequently ad. 因此，所以equip vt. 1.使有准备 2.配备，装备tackle vt. 1.处理，应付2.与... ...交涉alike ad. 一样地，相似地a. 相同的，相像的comment v. 评论，发表意见n. 评论，意见beneficial a. 有助的，有利的，有益的Phrases and Expressionsseparate…into 将... ...分为obstacle course 越障训练；（喻）困难重重的事go through 完成，通过in contrast 相比之下apply to 适用于focus on 集中于engage (oneself) in 从事，忙于point to 表明；表示Proper NamesWilliam Greenough 威廉·格里诺University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-尚佩恩分校Arthur Kramer 阿瑟·克雷默Daniel M. Landers 丹尼尔·M. 兰德斯Arizona State University 亚利桑那州立大学Pierce J. Howard 皮尔斯·J. 霍华德Unit 3 Part ANew Wordspublicity n. 1.公众的注意；名声 2.（商业）广告，宣传，宣扬cultivate vt. 1.培养，陶冶，发展2.耕种，耕作comprehensive a. 综合的，全面的，广泛的controversial a. 有争议的，引起争议的suspend vt. 1.暂停，中止2.悬挂strain n. 1.（对精力、体力、能力的）苛求，压力2.拉紧，绷紧vt. 1.扭伤，损伤2.拉紧，绷紧3.尽力使用，使紧张vi. 竭力，尽全力preliminary a. 预备的，初步的n. 初步做法，准备工作magnet n. 1.有强大吸引力的人或物2.磁铁，磁体minority n. 1.少数民族2.少数，少数派▲quest n. 探寻，寻求，研究▲energetic a. 精力充沛的，充满活力的grammar n. 语法，语法规则conventional a. 常规的，惯例的，传统的reform v. 改革，改进，改良n. 改革，改造controversy n. 争议，争论moral n. 1.行为标准，道德规范；品行2.寓意a. 道德的▲curriculum n. 课程preparation n. 1.准备，预备2.准备工作，准备措施mixture n. 1.混合物 2.混合admission n. 1.允许进入，准许加入2.承认，供认outlook n. 1.观点，看法2.前景monthly ad. 每月地；每月一次地a. 每月的；每月一次的n. 月刊workshop n. 1.研讨会，讲习班2.车间，工场，作坊▲seminar n. 研讨会▲attendance n. 1.出席人数2.到场，出席，参加3.护理，照料session n. 1.(从事某项活动的) 一段时间2.学年；学期；上课时间utmost n. 极限，最大限度a. 最大的，极度的worthwhile a. 值得（做）的outset n. 开端，开始optimistic a. 乐观的，有信心的fruitful n. 有成果的，成功的faculty n. 1.全体教员 2.能力，才能，资质campus n. 校区，校园jail n. 监狱；监禁vt. 监禁，拘留insult vt. 侮辱，辱骂n. 侮辱，辱骂curse v. 诅咒，咒骂n. 诅咒，咒骂Phrases and Expressionssee sb./sth. as 认为某人或某物是……prepare sb. for sth. 使做好准备spread (sth.) to （使）传播be willing to do 愿意做某事，不反对做某事spend sth. on sth. / (in) doing sth. 在……上花费时间或金钱be scheduled to do 被安排，定于over protest 在有异议的情况下take responsibility for 对... ...负责任complete with 包括，备有do one's utmost 竭尽全力work out 计划，设计，想出解决难题，找到... ...的方法focus (sth.) on （使）集中于kind of 有点，有几分Proper NamesHyde School 海德中学Joseph Gauld 约瑟夫·高尔德Bath, Maine 缅因州巴思市Malcolm Gauld 马尔科姆·高尔德Joe 乔(Joseph的昵称)Hyde Foundation 海德基金会Baltimore 巴尔的摩（美国马里兰州中北部港市）New Haven,Connecticut 康涅狄格州纽黑文市Jimmy DiBattista 吉米·迪巴蒂斯塔Unit 3 Part BNew Wordscomplex a. 1.复合的，复杂的2.难以理解的，复杂的grip n. 1.控制，支配2.紧握，抓牢vt 1.握紧，抓牢2.吸引……的注意力或想像力等extreme a. 1.最高限度的，极度的 2.尽可能远的；遥远的n. 极端，过分analyze vt. 分析，细查▲stability n. 稳定，稳固mobile a. 活动的，易于移动的，流动的mobility n. 流动性，移动性，易变性differ vi. 1.不同，有异2.（在意见方面）发生分歧superior a. 1.优于，强于2.优良的，卓越的 3.（在职位、地位方面）较高的n. 上级，上司inferior a. 级别低的，社会地位低的；次要的，次等的n. 下级，下属negotiate v. 谈判，磋商negotiation n. 商议，谈判，洽谈thereby ad. 因此，从而harmony n. 和谐，融洽，和睦，一致▲consensus n. 共同看法，（意见等的）一致consideration n. 1.考虑，思考2.体谅，照顾enterprise n. 1.企业单位，商业公司2.（艰巨的）事业，计划ministry n. (政府的)部unity n. 和睦，协调，团结，统一parliament n. 议会，国会consult vt. 1.请教，咨询，找……商量2.查阅，查看vi. 交换意见，商议delicate a. 1.巧妙的，需技巧的，敏感的2.易损的，娇嫩的delicately ad. 巧妙地，细致地owing a. 应付的，未付的successive a. 继续的，连续的lag vi. 走得慢，落后n. 时间间隔；滞后fundamental a. 基本的，基础的，主要的n. 基本原则，基本法则discard vt. 丢弃，抛弃▲transaction n. 交易，业务volume n. 1.量，份量，额 2.（书的）卷，册3.音量，响度4.体积，容积，容量feasible a. 可行的，可能的，行得通的sophisticated a. 1.复杂的，尖端的2.世故的，老练的，精通的operational a. 1.操作(上)的；经营的2.即可使用的，即可行动的sincere a. 真诚的，诚实的pinch n. 1.捏，掐，拧2.一撮，微量v. 捏，掐，拧aspect n. 部分，方面dismiss vt. 1.解雇，开除2.放弃（想法、感情等），不再考虑3.解散，遣散provided conj. 如果，假若exert vt. 1.努力，用力，尽力2.运用（能力或技巧），发挥flexible a. 1.灵活的，可变通的，可适应的2.易弯曲的，柔韧的inflexible a. 不可改变的，不受影响的，不屈服的loyalty n. 忠诚，忠心Phrases and Expressionscome to grips with 着手解决(问题)或对付(挑战）work for 为... ...工作，受雇于... ...in contrast to 对比，比照in some way 在某种意义上；有一点，有些be related to 与... ...相关，与... ...有联系distinguish from 与... ...相区别set up 造成，产生fall through 失败，成为泡影owing to 因为，由于press for 反复请求，紧急要求wonder at 对... ...感到惊讶，惊叹lag behind 走得慢，落后in a pinch 必要时exert oneself 努力Proper NamesNomura Securities 野村证券Tokyo Stock Exchange 东京证券交易所New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所Matsushita (company) 松下（公司）Matsushita 松下幸之助（松下公司创始人）Unit 4 Part ANew Wordsstatue n. 雕像，塑像，铸像liberty n. 1.自由，自由权2.许可，准许3.放肆，无礼，冒昧行为▲enlighten vt. 启发，开导monument n. 纪念碑，纪念馆alliance n. 同盟，联盟approve vi. 赞成，称许vt. 批准，同意affection n. 1.喜爱 2.爱情，爱慕之情assemble vt. 组装，装配v. （使）集合，（使）聚集torch n. 1.火炬 2.手电筒bay n. （海或湖泊的）湾exaggerate v. 夸张，夸大breast n. 1.乳房2.前胸，胸部version n. 1.版本；型号2.叙述，说法universal a. 1.全体的，一致的，普遍的2.通用的，广泛的，万能的3.宇宙的，全世界的Universally ad. 全体地，普遍地，无例外地sixty num. 六十，六十个fame n. 名誉，名望interpretation n. 1.解释，说明，描述 2.（表演、演奏的）艺术处理solemn a. 1.庄严的，肃穆的2.严肃的▲medieval a. 中古的，中世纪的inspire vt. 1.给……以灵感 2.鼓舞，激励grave a. 1.（指人）表情严肃的，端庄的2.严重的n. 坟墓，墓穴▲dentist n. 牙科医生alongside prep. 在... ...旁边，和... ....一起ad. 在旁边，并排地stretch vt. 1.拉长，拉紧，伸展2.使尽全力，到（超过）... ... 的极限vi. 扩展，延伸，延续portrait n. 肖像，画像◆buffalo n. 水牛，野牛▲nickel n. （美国或加拿大的）五分镍币，五分钱tragedy n. 1.悲剧，惨案，不幸的事件2.悲剧（艺术）settlement n. 1.殖民，移民，拓居2.解决；协议frontier n. 1.边境，边界，（美国靠近未开发地带的）边远地区2.前沿，新领域herd n. 兽群，牧群vt. 使集中在一起，把……赶在一起horn n. 1.（牛、羊、鹿等的）角2.喇叭，号角，警报器liberate vt. 解放，释放reputation n. 名声，名望inspect vt. 1.检查2.视察contract n. 合同，契约v. 订合同，订契约evolve v. （使）演变，（使）演化，（使）发展recruit vt. 招募，征兵，吸收（新成员）n. 新兵，新成员poster n. 招贴（画），海报，布告beard n. 胡子，胡须chin n. 下巴Phrases and Expressionswork on sth. 从事于，致力于be in love with sb. 与……恋爱，相爱approve of sth. 赞成，称许，满意go ahead 继续；进行for sale 出售，待售come up with 找到，想出（答案、解决办法等）rise to fame 成名name after sb. 以某人姓名命名save sb. from 拯救，使免于go against 与... ... 相反，违背run away from 突然离开，逃离Proper Namesthe Statue of Liberty 自由女神像Frederic Auguste Bartholdi 弗里德里克·奥古斯特·巴托尔迪（1834-1904，法国雕塑家）Liberty Enlightening the World "自由照耀世界"Philadelphia 费城（美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市）New York Bay 纽约湾（靠美国纽约州东南岸和新泽西州东北岸，临哈得逊河）Barbie 芭比娃娃（一种十分畅销的金发碧眼玩具娃娃的商标名）Barbara Handler 芭芭拉·汉德勒Elliot Handler 艾略特·汉德勒Ruth Handler 鲁思·汉德勒Mattel Toy Company 马特尔玩具公司Ken 肯（人名）American Gothic 《美国哥特式》（格兰特·伍德的名画）Grant Wood 格兰特·伍德Nan 南（人名）Indian 印第安人James Earle Fraser 詹姆斯·厄尔·弗雷泽Central Park Zoo （纽约）中央公园动物园Uncle Sam 山姆大叔（指美国政府或美国人）Sam Wilson 山姆·威尔逊the American Revolution 美国独立战争（1775-1783）US Army 美国陆军Brother Jonathan 乔纳森大哥（原为18世纪英国兵对美国民兵的谑称，现可指美国或典型的美国男人）James Montgomery Flagg 詹姆斯·蒙哥马利·弗拉格（1877-1960，美国插图和广告画家）Unit 4 Part BNew Words▲cute a. 1.娇小可爱的2.聪明的，伶俐的cuteness n. 可爱saint n. 1.圣（用于人名、地名等之前）2.（基督教正式追封的）圣徒 3.圣人，道德高尚的人crush vt. 1.压倒，压垮2.打败3.压碎，压坏astonish vt. 使震惊，使惊骇calendar n. 日历，月历，年历retail n. 零售v. 零售retailer n. 零售商annual a. 1.一年的2.一年一次的；每年的n. 年刊，年鉴bold a. 1.勇敢的，无畏的2.冒失的，唐突的，鲁莽的3.醒目的；轮廓清晰的4.粗（字）体的，黑（字）体的overall n. 工作服，工装裤a. 全面的，综合的，全体的bare a. 1.裸露的2.空的；光秃的，无遮盖的distinct a. 1.种类不同的，有区别的，分开的2.清楚的，清晰的，明显的◆distinctive a. 有特色的，与众不同的elaborate a. 精细复杂的，精心制作的v. 详细叙述comprise vt. 1.由... ... 组成，包括，包含2.组成，构成peach n. 桃；桃树acid a. 1.尖酸刻薄的，讽刺的2.酸味的，酸的n. 酸，酸性物质imaginary a. 想像中的，虚构的humorous a. 幽默的，诙谐的▲trademark n. 1.明显的特征，标记2.商标；牌号feature vt. 以... ... 为特征，给... ...以显著地位n. 1.特点，特征，特色2.面貌，相貌3.特写，专题报道cigar n. 雪茄烟illustration n. 1.图解，插图2.说明，例证literary a. 文学上的classic n. 经典作品，文学名著，杰作a. 1.经典的，一流的2.古典的，传统样式的influential a. 有影响力的，有说服力的venture n. 投机活动，商业冒险v 冒险，敢于commerce n. 商业，贸易plunge v. 1.纵身投入，一头进入2.（使）陷入gratitude n. 感激，感谢sample n. 样品，式样vt. 抽样检查；试用whale n. 鲸dragon n. 龙（想像中有翅有尾、能吐火的动物）myth n. 神话◆mythical a. 1.神话的，只存在于神话中的2.虚构的，不真实的everyday a. 每天的，日常的, 平常的license vt. 给... ... 发放许可证，准许n. 1.许可证，执照2.许可，准许copyright n. 版权sunrise n. 日出（时分）distribution n. 1.（物资等的）运送2.分发，分配3.分布，分布状态decorate vt. 装饰，装潢studio n. 1.工作室，画室，摄影室2.演播室，播音室，录音室Phrases and Expressionsturn down 拒绝，驳回be suited to 适合于appear on 在... ... 上出现with an eye to 关注be comprised of 由... ... 组成dress up 穿着盛装go out （离家）去参加社交活动be influential in 有影响bother with 为... ... 操心，为... ... 费心make a living 谋生，营生show up 出现have/keep/with one's feet (planted/set) on the ground 实事求是（的），脚踏实地（的）grow up （指人或动物）长大，成年date back to 始于（某时期）take off （指思想、产品等）突然受欢迎，流行Proper NamesMary Engelbreit 玛丽·恩格尔布赖特Saint Louis 圣路易斯Ann Estelle 安·埃丝特尔Jessie Willcox Smith 杰西·威尔科克斯·史密斯Johnny Gruelle 约翰尼·格鲁埃尔Raggedy Ann "蓬发安"（洋娃娃）Phil Delano 菲尔·德拉诺Sunrise Publications 黎明出版公司Unit 5 Part ANew Wordsgraceful a. 1.优美的，优雅的2.得体的chart n. 图，图表vt. 制图表preceding a. 在前的，在先的，前面的decay n. 变坏，腐烂，衰败vi. 1.腐烂，变坏2.衰退，衰落，衰败vinegar n. 醋pit n. 1.坑 2.矿井，煤矿▲skeleton n. 1.骨骼，骨架2.梗概，提要loose a. 1.宽松的，不紧的 2.自由的，散漫的loosely ad. 松地，大致地secure vt. 1.关紧，固定2.使安全，保护3.得到，获得a. 1.安全的2.牢固的3.无忧的，安心的fluid n. 液体，流体drip v. 滴n. 1.(连续落下的)液滴2.一滴faint a. 1.微弱的2.虚弱pulse n. 脉搏vi. 搏动，跳动straw n. 1.吸管，麦管2.稻草，麦杆moisture n. 潮湿，湿气slide v. 1.（使）滑动 2.（使）悄悄地移动n. 1.滑，滑行2.幻灯片thirst n. 1.渴，口渴2.渴望liquid n. 液体naked a. 1.赤身的，裸露的 2.赤裸裸的，无遮蔽的▲gown n. 女长服；罩衣famine n. 饥荒lid n. 盖，盖子jar n. 罐子，坛子palm n. 1.手掌，掌心2.棕榈树injure vt. 伤害，损伤outline n. 1.轮廓，外形2.要点，大纲vt. 概述pillow n. 枕头rainbow n. 虹，彩虹butterfly n. 蝴蝶hint n. 1.细微的迹象2.暗示，提示v. 暗示reader n. 1.读者 2.读物，读本ounce n. (重量单位)盎司being n. 1.生物，人2.存在interval n. 1.间隔，间距2.幕间休息，中场休息blank a. 1.茫然的，无表情的2.空白的，无字的，空着的n. 空白shallow a. 1.(呼吸)浅的，弱的2.浅的3.肤浅的，浅薄的n. 浅水处，浅滩emotion n. 情感，感情，激情privilege n. 特权，优惠episode n. 1.一个事件，一组事件2.(尤指电视或无线电广播的)一集，一出，一部分association n. 1.协会，社团，组织2.联合，结交，结合Phrases and Expressionsthe pit of the stomach 胸口，心窝hang around sth. (使)在……上挂着，（使）围在……上so that 为的是，以便reach for 伸出手以触到或拿到feel for （用手、足、棍等）摸索，寻找turn towards 转向bend to 俯向make an attempt to do sth. 尝试，企图go about doing sth. 着手处理，开始做provide for sth. 为可能发生的事做安排pick sb. up 举起，抱起pull up 把... ...拉过来，把... ...拉向前Proper NamesMrs. Clark 克拉克夫人Unit 5 Part BNew Wordsstroke n. 1.中风2.击，打，敲vt. 抚摸worthless a. 无价值的，没有用处的dependent a. 1.依赖的，依靠的 2.取决于... ...的x-ray n. 1. [C] X光照片2. [C] X射线; X光■infection n. 1.传染病2.传染，感染germ n. 1.微生物，病菌，细菌2.萌芽，起源deny vt. 1.拒绝给予，拒绝……的要求2.不承认，否认condemn vt. 1.迫使……陷于不幸的境地2.批评，谴责3.判……刑，给……定罪theoretical a. 1.理论（上）的，假设的，推理的2.根据理论（而非实践）的hell n. 1.地狱2.极不愉快的经历（或事）3.用以表示愤怒或惊讶，或用以加强语气vain a. 1.不成功的，无效的，没有意义的2.自负的，虚荣的eighty num. 八十liver n. [C, U] 肝relieve vt. 1.减轻，解除（痛苦、疾病等）2.救济，援助similarly ad. 也; 同样地，类似地withdraw vt. 收回，撤消，撤退vi. 缩回，退出，撤退recommendation n. 1.建议，忠告2.推荐，介绍elect vt. 1.选择，决定2.选举fortnight n. 十四天，两星期transparent a. 1.明显的，无疑的2.透明的tube n. 1.管，软管2.（伦敦的）地下铁道throat n. 咽喉，喉咙，嗓子insert vt. 插入，嵌进permission n. 许可，准许，同意necessity n. 1.必要性，需要2.必需品cooperate vi. 合作，协作，配合phase n. 阶段，时期vt. 分期计划，按阶段执行sympathetic a. 1.有同情心的，表示同情的，同感的2.表示好感或赞同的so-called a. 所谓的，号称的neutral a. 1.中立的2.（化学）中性的profession n. 1.（尤指需要特殊训练或专门知识的）职业 2.行业，（某一）职业界 3.声明，表白arbitrary a. 任意的，武断的；专断的qualification n. 1.能力，条件；合格性2.资格，资历intimate a. 1.亲近的，亲密的2.私人的，秘密的vt. 暗示，提示intimately ad. 亲密地，私下地interference n. 干涉，干预bar vt. 1.阻止，不许2.阻碍，阻塞n. 酒吧，吧台Phrases and Expressionsmake oneself understood 使他人明白自己的意思，说清楚自己的意思on one's own 单独，独自独立地be dependent on 依赖，依靠treat with 以... ...治疗，用... ...治病go on （情况、形势、状态等）持续不变come along 到达，出现on the one hand …on the other hand…一方面... ...另一方面... ...condemn sb. to sth. 使某人做不愿做的事，把某人逼入某种状态take its course 任其自然发展，按常规进行fight off 抵抗，击退，避开be responsible for 对……负有责任in vain 无结果地，无用地come by 努力获得chances are (that…) 可能confront with 使面对（问题、挑战等）die of 死于come down to 归结为，实质上是bar…from 禁止某人做某事Unit 6 Part ANew Wordsearthquake n. 地震detect vt. 察觉，发现；探测hen n. 母鸡pigeon n. 鸽子experimental a. 实验的，用作实验的，根据实验的◆radon n. 氡（一种由镭的衰变而产生的放射性气态元素）wax vi. 变大，增强n. 蜡destruction n. 破坏，摧毁withstand vt. 经受，承受，顶住weld vt. 焊接joint n. 1.接头，接缝，接合处2.关节a. 共有的，联合的architect n. 建筑师，设计师column n. 1.圆柱，石柱，碑2.(印刷品每页上的)列，栏horizontal a. 与地平线平行的，平的，水平的beam n. 1.梁，横梁2.光束，射束vi. 1.愉快地微笑2.发光，发热vt. 播送(消息、电视节目等)vertical a. 垂直的，竖的，立式的pillar n. 1.柱子，柱状物2.有力的支持者；栋梁rod n. （木质或金属）杆，竿enclose vt. 1.围住，包住2.把……装入信封，附寄besides prep. 除... ...之外（还有）ad. 而且，此外cupboard n. 食橱，橱柜cabinet n. 1.橱柜，陈列柜 2.内阁fasten vt. 使牢固，使固定gallon n. (容量单位)加仑bacterium n. 细菌；病菌receiver n. 1.收音机，收报机，接受器2.电话听筒battery n. 1.电池2.一套，一组spade n. 铲子，锹rope n. 绳，索vt. 用绳捆或扎▲extinguish vt. 1.使熄灭，扑灭2.使(希望、爱情、感情等)破灭extinguisher n. 灭火器handy a. 1.手边的，近便的 2.有用的，方便的auxiliary a. 辅助的，补助的，附加的portable n. 轻便的，便携的，手提式的boot n. 靴子fragment n. 碎片，碎块，断片v. （使）成碎片chaos n. 混乱，无秩序sensible a. 明智的，合情理的crust n. 1.外壳；硬的表面 2.面包皮；糕饼等的酥皮accuracy n. 精确（性），准确（性）occurrence n. 1.发生的事情，事件2.发生，出现resistant a. 抵抗的，对抗的precaution n. 预防，预防措施Phrases and Expressionswatch …for 留意，观察come out of 离开，从... ...出来after all 应该记住，别忘了毕竟，终究attach sth. to sth. 把某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上in addition (to) 加之；除... ...之外at work 在工作的地方；在工作put out 熄灭，扑灭turn off 关上（电源、煤气、水等），关闭agree on 就……达成一致意见be busy with 忙于，忙碌check in 登记，报到make a difference (对某人或物)有影响/起作用Proper NamesHanshin 阪神（日本）Unit 6 Part BNew Wordsperception n. 1.感知，感觉，知觉2.认识，观点，看法accordance n. 一致，和谐duration n. 持续，持续期间rotate v. 1.（使）旋转，（使）转动2.（使）轮流circular a. 圆形的，圆的hydrogen n. 氢nitrogen n. 氮sphere n. 1.球形，球体2.范围，领域primitive a. 1.原始的，早期的2.简陋的，粗糙的shell n. 1.壳，贝壳2.炮弹vt. 剥... ...的壳insect n. 昆虫，虫■dinosaur n. 恐龙■mammal n. 哺乳动物flourish vi. 茂盛，繁荣，兴旺vt. 挥舞evolution n. 1.进化2.演变，发展manual a. 手工制作的，人工的n. 操作手册，指南ore n. 矿石，矿砂tractor n. 拖拉机fertilizer n. 肥料，化肥location n. 1.地点，位置2.（电影的）外景拍摄地proportional a. 与... ...成比例的proportionally ad. 与... ...成比例地restraint n. 1.克制，抑制，约束2.限制因素，约束措施fraction n. 小部分，片段renew vt. 1.更新，补充2.注入新的生命和精力，使恢复3.延长期效petroleum n. 石油manufacture vt. 1.（大量）制造，加工2.编造petrol n. 汽油oppose vt. 反对，反抗accelerate v. 加速，促进particle n. 粒子，微粒collective a. 集体的，共同的n. 集体，团体exceed vt. 超过，胜过，越出protective a. 保护的，防护的remote a. 1.遥远的，偏僻的 2.关系疏远的，脱离的，与……没有联系的 3.绝少的，微乎其微的ancestor n. 1.祖先，祖宗，先人2.雏形，原型retain vt. 保留，保存shortage n. 缺乏，不足threat n. 1.构成威胁的人或事物2.威胁，恐吓3.凶兆，征兆empire n. 1.帝国2.（由一个人、一个家族或集团控制的）大企业abuse vt. 1.滥用，妄用2.虐待，凌辱n. 1.滥用，妄用2.虐待ignorant a. 1.不知道的2.愚昧的，无知的mankind n. 人类Phrases and Expressionscompared to/with 跟……相比in other words 换句话说，也就是说in accordance with 依照；与... ...一致be formed from 由……构成, 由……做成take to 开始(从事) 喜欢上逃入；躲藏于in terms of 就……而论bring about 使发生out of proportion to sth. 与... ...极不成比例的，大大超过... ...的survive on 靠……活下来，靠……生存so much 这么多（表示未明确指出的数或量）use up 用尽，用光in harmony with 与……协调一致，与……相配take advantage of 利用hunger for sth. 得到某事物的渴望live with 接受，容忍be ignorant of 不知道，不了解give back 归还take away 拿走，带走Unit 7 Part ANew Wordsfestival n. 节日，喜庆日，（文化娱乐的）节lover n. 1.情人，恋人2.爱好者distribute vt. 1.（尤指向商店）供应（货物），发售2.分发，分送，分配3.使分布，散布；撒，播candy n. 糖果executive a. 执行的，行政的n. 主管，高级行政人员，行政官supermarket n. 超级市场discount n. 折扣vt. 1.打折2.不（全）信，漠视，低估headquarters n. 总部，总局；司令部avenue n. 林阴道，大街circulate v. 1.（使）移动，（使）循环，（使）流通2.（使）流传，散布，传播counter n. 柜台v. 反对，反击，对抗，反驳index n. 1.指数2.索引vt. 为... ...编索引，将... ...编入索引delivery n. 1.投递，送交；投递的邮件，发送的货物2.分娩soar vi. 1.升高，高涨2.翱翔formula n. 1.方法，计划，准则2.公式，方程式3.配方，处方sunshine n. 日光，阳光spray v. 喷，喷射，溅n. 浪花，水花moist a. 潮湿的，湿润的balloon n. 气球via prep. 通过，经由，经过bloom vi. 1.发展良好 2.开花，绽放n. 1.花2.最佳时期，繁盛时期bankrupt a. 1.破产的2.彻底缺乏(某种良好事物)的n. 破产者amid prep. 在... ...中，被... ...围绕import n. 1.进口商品，输入品2.进口，输入vt. 进口，输入breadth n. 宽度，幅度margin n. 1.差额，利润2.差数，余地，余裕3.页边，页边的空白launch vt. 1.发起（运动），推出（产品）2.使（船）下水；发射(火箭、卫星等)n. 发起；发射release vt. 1.发布，发表，发行2.释放，放开，放松n. 1.解脱，释放2.发行的新书、电影、唱片等；发布的新闻◆carnation n. 康乃馨unload vt. 1.卸（货）；从……卸下货物2.从（枪、炮）中退出子弹；从（相机）中取出胶卷chase vt. 1.驱赶，驱逐2.追捕，追赶n. 追踪，追捕rival n. 竞争对手，敌手vt. 与……相匹敌，比得上widen v. （使）变宽，扩展replacement n. 1.替代的人或物2.代替，替换，取代bundle n. 束，捆vt. 收集，归拢elevator n. 电梯，升降机typist n. 打字员crane v. 伸长（脖子）n. 起重机，吊车Phrases and Expressionsgo out of style 不再时兴，过时offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供，向某人提出range from …to …在一定范围内变化或扩展look like 看起来像；好像要be left over 剩下来，留下来hold down （使）保持低水平，（使）不增加，（使）不升高account for 1.占去2.解释go down 下降，降低nothing but 只有，除... ...以外什么也不chase sb./sth. out 驱赶，驱逐work with sb. 与某人共事，与某人协作get a break 交好运，时来运转on sb.'s side 对某人有利；赞同某人的意见long for sth. 渴望，极想the good old days （在人的一生中或在历史上）过去的美好时光Proper NamesValentine's Day 圣瓦伦丁节，情人节（2月14日，情人多在此日互赠礼物）Gerald Hager 杰拉尔德·黑格Roses Only "惟一玫瑰"花店。

Exercise for unit 4 大学英语三级

Exercise for Unit 4, Book 3Part I. Translation of phrases (30 Points)Translate the following phrases into English. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.1.一天不上班2. 损害了对他人的尊敬3. 相信直觉和灵感4. 有极强的集中思想的能力5. 有无限的智力6. 获得巨大成功7. 作为父亲所要承担的压力和责任8. 成功中的一个主要因素9. 毫不在乎权威10. 世纪之初11. 富有原创性的方法12. 为…奠定了基础13. 躲避瘟疫的爆发14. 权威人物15. 将成功归功于想象力Answer Keys to Exercise for Unit 4, Book 3Part I. Translation of phrases (30 Points)1.skip a day2. undermine the respect for others3. believe in intuition and inspiration4. have impressive power of concentration5. have limitless brainpower6. achieve enormous success7. the pressure and responsibility of a father 8. a key ingredient in success9. not give/care a fig for authority 10. at the turn of the century11. the original way 12. lay foundation for13. to avoid the outbreak of plague 14. an authority figure15. to credit the success to imaginationPart II. Sentence Completion (40 Points)Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word or phrase chosen from the box below. Change the form when necessary. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.1.The rate of unemployment has risen by 10%, which has ________ the finance of many families.2.For many, it was the only way ________ while searching for work — the only way to cover rent, utilities, even food.3.Bill Gates lost $6 b illion last year, but that didn’t stop him from being the richest man in the world for the 8th year ________.4.Some of the laws were contradictory; ________, measures should be taken to clarify them.5.As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn’t ________ the economic stimulus package.6.Obviously, within this long period many different ideas and perspectives on this issue have been ________ with each other.7.His constant doubting and questioning was considered by his teachers as a character flaw. They concluded that he __________.1. strained2. to make ends meet3. in a row4. accordingly5. approve of6. conflicting7. would never get anywhere8. remarkable8.9. excels at 10. stimulate 11. dozed off9.Hong Kong’s financial industries are well developed, which makes it a ________ financial market, especially in Asia.10.Once a child ________ something —whether it’s math, piano, or ballet— he or she will get praise, admiration and satisfaction.11.The government will do everything in its power to ________ economic growth to make it grow steadily.12.Without a decent night’s sleep, I ________ while I was at work in the daytime.13.President Washington was admired by all citizens and his arrival was the signal for a(n) ________of cheering.14.His ________to the proposal was worn down by constant nagging from his wife.15.He was not dressed appropriately, which made him ________ out of place at the interview.16.She reproached her husband for having forgotten their 20th wedding ________.st night I went into bookshops and ________ myself in diet books —and cookbooks.18.________, you must on no account miss the present opportunity or make a wrong decision.19.They heard that the stubborn old man had changed his mind and ________ to think that they were wrong.20.Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not ________ more so than his peers. “I have no special talents,” he claimed, “I am only passionately curious.”21.With determination and perseverance, his plans were transformed overnight into ________.12. outburst13. resistance 14. a trifle 15. anniversary 16. engrossed 17. Beyond any doubt 18. had ceased 19. outlandishly 20. realityPart III. Reading Comprehension on Reading Course (Unit 4)(30 Points)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for “True” and “F” for false. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.The following statements are based on “Man Searches for Life i n Space”.1.Throughout ages man is interested in the origin of life on earth as well as life on other planets.2.The magic key to unlocking the mystery of other planets is the exploration of space.3.The discovery of the origin of life may help us better understand the nature of human beings.4.It is believed that in the earlier stages of planets, their atmospheres were completely different.5.The atmosphere of the earth now is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases.6.Through experiments in laboratory, scientists have demonstrated that life on earth had begunbefore the transformation of its atmosphere from hydrogen and hydrogen compounds to oxygen and nitrogen.7.It is amino acids that are passed from generation to generation in the form of nucleic acids.8.Scientists cannot create actual life because they do not have sufficient time and advancedtechnology.9.It is most likely that life began on other planets following the same steps as it did on earth.10.The spacecraft Mariner II was sent past the moon, taking and transmitting significantinformation in the search for life on other planets.The following statements are based on “Journey to the Bottom of the Earth”.11.Passengers to the South Pole must wear a set of dog tags in case of an accident.12.The most brilliant blue skies in the South Pole are the result of very little snowfall.13.The American National Science Foundation can now accommodate more people than it wasdesigned for.14.The NSF was established for both scientific and economic reasons.15.Seismic monitoring at the South Pole is actually intended to conduct nuclear testing secretly.16.People are most careful about water conservation in the South Pole.17.Altitude sickness makes sprinting the most uncomfortable part of outdoor activities.18.The cold or the thin air in the South Pole is pleasant for astronomers as it gives them clearvision of the universe.19.The clean atmosphere in the South Pole makes it easier to control pollution globally.20.There are often personality conflicts and mood extremes in South Pole winter althougheverybody makes the greatest effort.Part III. Reading Comprehension on Reading Course (30 Points)1.T2. F3. F4. F5. T6. T7. T8. F9. T 10. F 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. T 17. F 18. F 19. F 20. T。

初三全册英语练习册答案

初三全册英语练习册答案Unit 1: My New SchoolExercise 1: Vocabulary1. environment2. cafeteria3. laboratory4. library5. playgroundExercise 2: GrammarFill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs:1. has been2. have visited3. has lived4. have finished5. has workedExercise 3: Reading ComprehensionAnswer the questions:1. The author moved to a new school last year.2. The school has a large library and a modern cafeteria.3. Yes, the author has made many new friends.4. The author enjoys the science lab because of its advanced equipment.Unit 2: My FamilyExercise 1: Vocabulary1. cousin2. uncle3. grandmother4. sibling5. nephewExercise 2: GrammarChoose the correct option to complete the sentences:1. B (Who are they?)2. A (This is my sister.)3. C (Those are my cousins.)4. B (Is that your uncle?)5. A (These are my grandparents.)Exercise 3: Listening ComprehensionBased on the audio clip, answer the following:1. The speaker has four siblings.2. His favorite aunt is his mother's sister.3. He has two nephews and one niece.4. The family often gathers for Sunday dinner.Unit 3: My HobbiesExercise 1: Vocabulary1. photography2. painting3. gardening4. chess5. hikingExercise 2: GrammarRewrite the sentences in the past continuous tense:1. She was reading a book.2. They were playing football.3. We were watching a movie.4. He was cooking dinner.5. I was doing my homework.Exercise 3: WritingWrite a short paragraph about your favorite hobby and why you enjoy it.结束语以上是初三全册英语练习册的部分答案示例。