江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(18)含答案解析

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江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(89)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（89）含答案解析【题文】The changes facing fast-food companiesFast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.But in this ongoing recession(萧条), which is more severe, not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl’s Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.In face of such challenges, some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn’t work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald’s started sell ing better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see break fast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald’s has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖). These offerings don’t necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who don’t want to eat a burger.But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America’s health-reform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald’s from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.The changes facing fast-food companies【答案】51. survivors/competitors/businesses/companies52. appeals 53. instead 54. decreased/reduced/less55. Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways56. high/higher 57. added 58. profitable 59. healthy/healthier60. creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及他们所采取的对策，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（98）含答案解析

江苏⾼考英语百⽇训练之任务型阅读（98）含答案解析江苏⾼考英语百⽇训练之任务型阅读（98）含答案解析【题⽂】请认真阅读下⾯短⽂，并根据所读内容在⽂章后表格中的空格⾥填⼊⼀个最恰当的单词。

注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

Pretending you're someone else can make you creativeOne great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either “creative” people or we aren't，without much of a middle ground.Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to “believe i n yourself”. In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college-student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of on e group to think of themselves as “eccentric(古怪的) poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “rigid librarians”(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects，including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as “eccentric poets” came up with the widest range of ideas for th e objects, while those in the “rigid librarian”group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity level s across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄⽣) the personas(伪装的外表) of “eccentric poets” came up with more ideas than the art majors did.These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a “malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective.” Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls “psychological halloweenism”，refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of “conscious unfocus”，a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise-canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of “unfocus”. This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative【答案】71. fascinated/impressed 72. Contrary 73. worked/acted/served/functioned 74. given 75. creativity 76.individual/personal 77. positively 78. subscribes 79. realistic/practical 80. forgive【解析】本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂，创造性是促进社会进步的重要品质，哈佛⼤学教授Pillay认为我们要摈弃传统观念，要把⾃⼰想象成别⼈。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(80)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（80）含答案解析【题文】Australia is becoming an increasingly lonely place, so much so that one party is turning it into an election issue. Social isolation affects one in ten Australians, while one in six experience periods of emotional loneliness. As the Australian population gets older, rates of social isolation are expected to increase.In Victoria, one political party thinks the problem is so severe it requires government involvement with it. Fiona Patten, the upper house MP, has proposed that Victoria introduce a minister for loneliness to work across health, infrastructure, justice and communities portfolios, and handle what experts say is becoming a growing health problem.Scarce public transport options, a lack of support for people with disabilities to engage in community events and satellite suburbs that force long commutes and leave little time for socialisation have all been identified as possible structural triggers. “We know that everyone is at risk of loneliness in periods of life transition,” says Tegan Cruwys, a psychological research fellow at Australian National University. “Whether that’s moving to university, becoming a mum, retiring from the workforce, changing jobs, moving cities. If you were someone who experienced loneliness during life transitions, that has less to do with you and much more to do with the world in which you are living.”Kevin O’Neill is 56 and divorced in his early 40s. He says the transition from living with a wife and kids to living alone was tough. Things i mproved when he moved back to Keilor in Melbourne’s northern suburbs and reconnected with friends he grew up with.Avril Hannah-Jones, a Uniting Church minister, is also considering the risks associated with that transition. “At the moment the time I spend alone is by choice, and is a relaxation from a very people-oriented job,” she says. “Maybe in retirement, if being alone is no longer by choice, I’ll feel more lonely.”Brook says retirees can protect against the health risks of loneliness by joining one or two community groups or volunteer communities. “If you’re 65 and you retire and you just sort of potter around the house … your chances of dying within six years are 12% –that’s an early death,” she says. “If you retire at 65 and you join one interest group choir, knitting, woodworking, men’s shed, anything, your chances of dying in that six years has reduced by half.”The risk of an early death decreases with every group or meaningful activity you join. “I think that’s a really profoundly simple but p rofoundly powerful message of optimism about this issue.” Cruwys says the social risk of retirement should be discussed and planned for as openly as the financial risks. There is a demonstrated connection between being financially strained, such as living on welfare or the pension, and an increased sense of isolation. “Staying connected costs money, so more financial aids should be provided, ” she says.【答案】71. proportion/percentage72. aging 73. severity/seriousness74. transport75. oneself76. socially77. Solutions78. connecting79. extend/lengthen80. reduce/lower/decrease【解析】这是一篇议论文。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(81)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（81）含答案解析【题文】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词．．．．．．．．．．。

请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

How Female Farmers Are Feeding the WorldThe exact data on women in agriculture is difficult to pin down. There are variations between countries and agriculture data is challenging to collect. What is clear, however, is that most small-scale farmers are women, making up 60-80 percent of farmers in developing countries. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN) estimates that between 43 percent to even 70 percent of agricultural labor in some countries comes from women.But women still don’t have the same rights as men when it comes to farming, making food production harder for women because of gender inequality. For female farmers, it is unquestionably a challenging job to engage in food production.In the first place, purchasing land, farming equipment and hiring labor can be expensive. These costs are even harder on women because many of them lack access to credit. In nearly 48 economies women face legal restrictions to having control of their own finances.Getting to the bank is hard too. Mobility for women in rural parts of developing countries is a big concern. Better transportation and infrastructure could help make access to credit more practicable for women. Credit and finance should be equal for everyone, especially women who are held back by gender restrictions.Sadly, women may run the world, but they do not own it. Women are virtually denied property rights. Traditional customs in place can pass down land through the male side of the family, leaving women out of land rights completely. Other times, women need permission from a male relative or husband to own land.It has been apparent that women are not as productive farmers as men and work longer hours in some countries like Indonesia. This is largely due to a lack of education. When education is considered more valuable for men (and thus mainly given to men), women farmers are less informed about the best production methods, thus producing less yield in crops and becoming “less productive”. This can all be changed through providing education for women. Removing gender inequality can help feed 130 million people who are currently undernourished.Despite these barriers, women are defini tely not leaving the “field”. In countries experiencing urban growth, men are migrating to urban areas for other jobs while women stay in rural areas, taking on jobs in farming and agriculture. Healthier children, education, and investment into the community are all benefits that female farmers are shown to have on their communities.Let’s close the gender gap and give women the tools they need to succeed. If women farmers in developing countrieshave the same rights and opportunities, they will be just as productive. With increasing population, and the need for better food security, supporting women in agriculture is something that cannot afford not to be invested in.【答案】51. account 52. barriers/obstacles/bars53. afford/pay 54. limit/restriction55. access 56. Men/Males 57. favors 58. productive59. contribution 60. back【解析】本文是一篇议论文，女性农民占据了农场劳动力市场的大部分，但是女性农民并没有得到平等的对待，文章介绍了女性农民遇见的不公平对待的具体内容，并倡议不要歧视女性农民，应该支持她们。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(20)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（20）含答案解析【题文】The 17th-century French tragedian Pierre Corneille wrote: The manner of giving is worth more than the gift”. He had a point, according to Charles Spence, head of Crossmodal Research Laboratory at the University of Oxford.Th e professor’s work focuses on how our brains sense the world around us. His research has shown that high-frequency sounds and curved shapes seem to increase the sweetness wine tastes better if it is accompanied by the popping sound of a cork and drunk from all these created multisensory experiences.So, what’s his advice if you want to impress this holiday season?Bulk it up hide“We’ve just published research on eating a box of chocolates，” Mr Spence said. “If you are 30-gram weight in a box of chocolates, that weight translates to a significant increase perceived(感知)quality of the chocolate.”There are exceptions, but the association between weight and the perception of luxury(奢侈)applies to many items including tableware，perfume(香水)and wine，Mr. Spence said. “That's why in a restaurant，a waiter might artfully give you the bottle to weigh in your hand,” he added.Black is basicBlack is the color most associated with luxury because, Mr. Spence said，“it seems to be the color that we perceive to be the heaviest.”Such luxury indications are learned, rather than inborn, so they can change over time. I’m doing a lot of work on transparency(透明) at the moment; high-quality packaged goods should have a transparent window because it suggests freshness or quality,” he said.But the trend is recent，the professor added, because “traditionally luxury goods used to have nontransparent packaging. I think it has to do with the current desire for originality.”Layer it onUnnecessary wrapping(包裹)can be an ecological concern but, when it comes to luxury goods like wine in a presentation case, it does make an impression.“Tissue layers are really good,” Mr. Spence said，“because the crinkle adds an extra sense to the experience.”Consider a little perfume in the box or wrapping, and, if you want to involve other senses, work out some way for classical music to be playing when the gift is opened because we associate it with quality.Engaging several senses at once is beneficial.“The brain combines the inputs from each sense, both t o determine what something is, but also to determine a reward value,”Mr. Spence said. Also,the more stimuli(刺激)to the senses，the more activity is produced in the orbitofrontal cortex, a small part of brain situated just beside the eyes. And the more activity there,the more rewarding something is perceived to be.You can go too far“Engaging an extra sense is more effective, but you can potentially have a disagreement if that extra sense doesn’t match the others.” the professor said.【答案】71. How 72. senses 73. Advice/Suggestions/Tips74. weight 75. Package/Pack/Wrap 76. tend/prefer77. appeal 78. hearing 79. extremes 80. matters/counts【解析】这是一篇说明文。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(79)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（79）含答案解析【题文】Why the youth sense anger in facesWe tend to believe that older people are more positive and younger people are more sensitive to social cues (暗示).Recently scientists investigated this idea by testing 10,000 men and women. They wanted to see if age affected a person's ability to identify facial emotions, such as fear and anger.The researchers from McLean Hospital in the US used a Web-based platform to collect happiness data. It showed the participants two headshots (头部特写)of random people. They were then asked to identify which subject was angrier, happier, or more fearful.The research found that younger people were able to better identify angry and fearful facial cues than older people."From studies and anecdotal evidence, we know that the everyday experiences of an adolescent are different from an older person, but we wanted to understand how these experiences might be linked with differences in basic emotion understanding,wrote Laura Germine, the study's senior author.But what is it that makes young people more sensitive?"This is the exact age when young people are most sensitive to forms of negative social cues, such as bullying,” Lauren Rutter, the study's lead author, told Science Daily. "The normal development of anger sensitivity can contribute to some of the challenges that arise during this phase of development. On the contrary,across the whole 10,000-person survey, researchers found no decline in the perception (感知)of happiness among older participants.“What's remarkable is that we see declines in many visual perceptual abilities as we get older, but here we did not see such declines in the perception of happiness,Germine told Neuro Science News.She added that these findings fit well with other researches, showing that older adults tend to have more positive emotions and a positive outlook.Following the paper's release, Rutter told Neuro Science News that gathering their primary research online allowed the team to research into a "much larger and more diverse sample set” than previous studies.【答案】71. investigated72. collected/gathered73. random 74. emotional/sentimental75. Findings/Results/Conclusion76. better 77. peak/summit/highest78. decline79. agrees/corresponds80. diversity【解析】这是一篇说明文。

高一英语百日训练之阅读理解(18)含答案详解

高一英语百日训练之阅读理解（18）含答案详解【题文】Philosophers from Aristotle to the Beatles have argued that money does not buy happiness. But it seems to help. Since 2005，Gallup, a pollster (民意调查) has asked a representative sample of adults from countries across the world to rate their life satisfaction on a scale from zero to ten. The headline result is clear : the richer the country, on average, the higher the level of self-reported happiness. The simple correlation (相关性) suggests that doubling GDP per person lifts life satisfaction by about 0.7 points.Yet the prediction that as a country gets richer, its mood will improve has an unclear record. In 1974 Richard Easterlin, an economist, discovered that average life satisfaction in America had failed to develop between 1946 and 1970 even as GDP per person had grown by 65% over the same period. He went on to find a similar disconnection in other places, too. Although income is correlated with happiness when looking across countries—and although economic downturns are reliable sources of short-term suffering—long-term GDP growth does not seem to be enough to turn the average frown (皱眉) upside-down.The “Easterlin paradox (悖论)” has been hotly debated since, with some economists claiming to find a link between growth and rising happiness by using better quality data. On March 20th the latest Gallup data were presented in the World Happiness Report, an annual UN-backed study. The new data provide some evidence for both sides of the debate, but on the whole, suggest that the paradox is alive and well.There are important examples of national income and happiness rising and falling together. The most significant—in terms of population—is China, where GDP per person has doubled over a decade, while average happiness has risen by 0.43 points. Among rich countries, Germany enjoys higher incomes and greater cheer than ten years ago. Venezuela, once the fifth-happiest country in the world, has become miserable as its economy has collapsed. Looking across countries, growth is correlated with rising happiness.Yet that correlation is very weak. Of the 125 countries for which good data exist, 43 have seen GDP per person and happiness move in opposite directions. Like China, India is a populous developing economy that is growing quickly. But hap piness is down by about 1.2 points in the past decade. America, the subject of Easterlin’s first study, has again seen happiness fall as the economy has grown. In total, the world’s population looks roughly equally divided between places where happiness and incomes have moved in the same direction over the past ten years, and places where they have separated.68. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Economic downturns do not cause people’s unhappiness.B. Economic growth increased average life satisfaction in America.C. Long-term GDP growth does not necessarily make people happy.D. The correlation between people’s mood and income can be predicted.69. Which of the following countries has both a better economy and happier people?A. India.B. America.C. Venezuela.D. China.70. The passage is mainly developed by__________.A. giving explanationsB. presenting research dataC. giving definitionD. listing examples71. Which of the following does the writer probably agree with?A. The relationship between economic growth and rising happiness is uncertain.B. Countries with similar population tend to have more things in common.C. Half of the world enjoys growth when economy and mood are positive.D. National income and happiness will always rise and fall regularly.【答案】68. C 69. D 70. B 71. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(100)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（100）含答案解析【题文】Yu Xu, one of China's first female fighter pilots who could fly a J-10 jet, died during a flight training in Tangshan in North China's Hebei province on Saturday. Almost all major media outlets have sung high praise for Yu's spirit. People's Daily said: "She died for the peace and happiness of so many families ... The name of Yu and other heroes will be carved not only in stone, but also in the hearts of millions." However, despite being a news hit, a lot of social media platforms still pay much attention to pop stars, no matter their weddings, problematic marriages or just datings. The day Yu died, she did not even make it to the top-10 hot topics on micro blogs.Some netizens have criticized such people for being too cold to news about heroes who defend our country. They even quoted from the book, Amusing Ourselves to Death, to express their concerns over people being misled by new media while referring to pop stars as "xi zi", a contemptuous(轻蔑的) term used for entertainment stars in the old days.However, it is unnecessary to shame those netizens who were busy reading about film stars and other celebrities. We live in the age of social and new media, where the celebrities usually draw greater public attention than real heroes. This is partly because the agents(经纪人) of celebrities（名人）are very skilled at using social tools to expand their fan base for commercial gains.Of course, we should admit the great influence entertainment has on people's minds and it helps the media industry make money. Pop stars do take up a lot of our time, and especially many young people waste their spare energy on them, their new songs, new movies, even rumors about their love life and other scandals. The domestic media industry needs improvement, some entertainment stars should improve their public images, but it is not right to call them "xi zi".The media may be encouraging people to pay greater attention to celebrities than military heroes, but that does not necessarily mean people pay less respect to heroes than stars. The increasing number of reports about the pilot shows the heroes are worth people's added attention, and they get it.Greater attention to celebrities doesn’t mean less respect for heroes【答案】71. lost72. highly/much73. go 74. fails75. concerns76. attract77. entertainment78. curiosity79. shown/turned80. deserve【解析】文章通过飞行英雄余旭在训练中丧生没有登上微博的十大热门话题，而因此了当前人们对英雄的关注度远远低于对明星的关注，而鼓励人们应该关注英雄，尊重英雄。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(19)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（19）含答案解析【题文】When it comes to being socially successful, the quantity of your relationships is irrelevant. The important thing is the quality of them. I would rather have a small team that works in concert than a big team so scattered（分散的）that nothing ever gets done. It’s better to have a few close friends who love you for who you are than a lot of acquaintances who you’re not so comfortable with.Here are five ways you can make people enjoy being around you.1. Be confident, but not cocky.There is a big difference between healthy confidence and arrogant（傲慢的）cockiness. A confident person, when complimented（赞扬）about a wonderful thing they did, would reply with a simple “thank you.” A cocky person would take the opportunity to perform an unscheduled Academy Award acceptance speech. A confident person would offer praise for everybody who contributed to their success. A cocky person would claim all the credit for themselves without a second thought. Cocky people might experience temporary perks, but long-lasting success is a prize reserved for the confident.2. Be approachable, but not a pushover.You should welcome your friends and coworkers with open arms. It’s hard to find a person who will offer a listening ear in time of need, so fulfilling that need will help you become a person people trust. But there can be too much of a good thing. If you find yourself with invitations you’re not that interested in, don’t be afraid to politely reject them. If your schedule becomes occupied by people desiring your attention, set some ground rules and prioritize（优先考虑）. To take care of others, you must first take care of yourself.3. Be direct in expression, but not nasty（不友好的）in delivery.Receiving honesty with no filter（过滤）is like finding a massive glass of ice water during a desert adventure. Speak words of truth, and people will be refreshed to hear them. Most people sugarcoat their opinions, so a willingness to tell it how you see it will win the appreciation of your friends and coworkers. But here’s t he catch: delivery（表达）is everything. There is a big difference between “Your article sucks” and “I like the general concept, but I think it might play better if y ou try if from a different angle.” Truth is something you should aim for, but it isn’t a ticke t to be nasty to people. To deliver honest and helpful feedback, use this sentence structure: “I liked (insert positive quality), but I think it would be better if (constructive criticism/ suggestion for improvement).”4. Be mindful of your actions, but not absorbed in yourself.Have you ever found yourself nervous while fielding questions in a job interview or talking to a cute person you have a crush on? So eager to make a positive first impression that you can’t escape the constant stream of thoughts cau sing you to doubt if you’re saying and doing the right things? As a consequence, you might find yourself so self-absorbed that you can’tfocus on what the other person is saying. The less time you spend questioning yourself and the more time you spend actively listening to the other person, the better off you will be.5. Be assertive, but not overbearing.There is a thin line between being assertive and overbearing, so let’s take a look at their definitions. as·ser·tive (adjective): having or showing a confident and forceful personally over·bear·ing (adjective): unpleasantly or arrogantly domineering （专横的）An assertive person would confidently (and politely) ask friends or networking contacts for help if they needed it (and hopefully offer to return the favor). An overbearing person would force people to get what they wanted without a second thought about how their actions affected others. Being overbearing will make people avoid you because no one wants to help a pushy person.Being assertive will attract people to you, if you can reflect confidence and enthusiasm.Five Secrets of Socially Successfully People【答案】54. counts/matters55. determines/decides56. Approaches/How/Ways57. vary/differ58. trust 59. invitations60. directly/straightforward/honestly61. badly/eagerly/desperately/anxiously62. comparing/analyzing63. while/whereas【解析】这是一篇说明文。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(75)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（75）含答案解析【题文】A fresh-faced batch of teenagers just began a new school year, but will they get the most out of it? In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early. And at night, screens are a temptation that’s hard to re sist. This double whammy (双重灾难) is a perfect lesson in sleep deprivation (剥夺).Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group. In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention, preventing students’ progress and lowering grades. More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems.It is important to understand why teenagers have a particularly hard time getting enough sleep, and what adults need to do to help. First, a reminder of the basic biology: Adolescents are no longer the morning larks of their younger years. They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in. This is mostly driven by changes in the way the brain responds to light.New technology habits aren’t helping. More teenagers now turn to activities involving screens at night. The growth in screen time is particularly problematic for sleep. The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body’s secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the hormone that signals it’s time to sleep. Overdosing on screens at night effectively tells the brain it’s still daytime, delaying the body’s cues to sleep even further.Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens, and praise children who show signs of regulating their own media consumption. In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms.In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8:30 a.m., a policy now backed by the American Medical Association and many other health organizations.Parents also need to join forces with community leaders, sleep scientists, health professionals and educators to put school start times on the local, then state agendas.Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents.【答案】51. majority52. focus/ concentrate53. likely 54. late55. exposure56. Solutions/ Approaches57. limits/restrictions58. free 59. delay/ postpone60. benefit/ profit【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(91)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（91）含答案解析【题文】Pretending you're someone else can make you creativeOne great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our con cept of self: We are either “creative” people or we aren't，without much of a middle ground.Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to “believe in yourself”. In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their collegestudent subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as “eccentric(古怪的) poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “rigid librarians”(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects，including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as “eccentric poets” came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the “rigid librarian” group h ad the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of “eccentric poets” came up with more ideas than the art majors did.These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a “malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective.” Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls “psychological halloweenism”， refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of “conscious unfocus”， a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noisecanceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of “unfocus”. This doe sn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behindpsychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative【答案】71. fascinated/impressed72. Contrary73. worked/acted/served/functioned74. given 75. creativity76. individual/personal77. positively78. subscribes79. realistic/practical80. forgive【解析】这是一篇说明文。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(17)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（17）含答案解析【题文】Time management refers to managing time effectively so that the right time is allocated to the right activity. Time management is essential in every field of life because time is the precious resource one needs to accomplish a task. Every single moment that passes once will never come back again. Time management helps you do your task in time and use your time more productively. It helps you to identify the useless activities which can be avoided and how time can be saved. It helps you allocate proper time for a task and perform the task more efficiently.A student’s daily routine is filled with a lot of activities. Some are related to his studies, some are essential for his lif e and some are for entertainment or physical fitness. Still some activities have no use and just waste time. Similarly if the number of the activities for entertainment exceeds what is reasonable, they waste the time of a student. These activities include using the internet for chatting, playing games, watching movies or listening to music for hours on end. Such activities are called “distracters” which distract one from one’s real purpose.Games and physical exercise are important for a student because they keep him fit in body and mind but game time should be controlled as it may waste his time.No one wastes time intentionally. Time is always wasted in an insensible way. That’s why a student is aware of it until the days of exams come. So it is better to use the present time more effectively than cry o ver what you’ve done in the future.As for a student, time management compromises (包括) various steps. It is not only necessary to allocate time for different subjects but also to identify right time for each such subject. What’s more, to identify the distr acters which become causes of wastage of time is of significance as well.Take a pen and sheet. Write down all the activities you do in your daily routine. Calculate how much time you have for your studies other than other activities. Determine how much time a subject can take out of your total study time. See which subject need more time.Time management【答案】71. purpose72. preciousness/value/importance73. avoid 74. Suggestions/Tips/Advice/Ways75. useless/distracting76. control77. mentally78. past 79. Listing80. Allocating【解析】【分析】本文为议论文。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(1)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（1）含答案解析【题文】Job stress hits studentsAs the job-hunting season kicks off, many graduates are suffering from anxiety. Job interview results are becoming the most common conversation topic in dormitories. Worried about not getting satisfactory offers, some students have sleep problems, or lose their appetite. Some might even display symptoms of depression.According to a survey across several universities in Wuhan conducted by Wuhan Yangtze Business University, over 72 percent of student participants were worried about finding a job. Students in the first one or two years were also uneasy about their job prospects, which contributed to spreading anxiety further.Lang Lei, 22, a business major from Renmin University in Beijing, admitted having mood swings when job hunting. The student hoped to get positions with large state-owned enterprises in his hometown of Yantai, Shandong. But when it turned out that things wouldn’t be so easy, Lang became concerned. After some struggling moments, he has now changed to more realistic goals.Others feel tortured（受折磨）while waiting for interview results. Mo Tong, a senior software engineering major at South China Normal University, would fall into a nervous state every time after he attended a job interview.“For a day or two I couldn’t help but keep thinking about how I performed in front of the interviewers, how well I dealt with their questions, and whether they would consider giving me a chance in the end,” Mo was unable to focus on other things as his anxiety grew.Media reports about rising unemployment rates and a difficult job market have touched students’ nerves.‘‘I’ m alarmed by articles saying how bachelor’s degree holders are losing ground,” said Wang Hongjuan, a sophomore English major from Puti an University in Fujian province. “It suggests to me that good jobs are only available to graduate or doctoral students.”As Wang has no plans to further her education, she has to commit herself to all sorts of extracurricular activities to improve her prospects. This throws her into a packed schedule.Wen Fang, a well-known education psychology expert and consultant in Beijing, advises students not to be misled by depressing surveys and reports about the job market. “Unemployment rates are not linked to an individual’s chances of getting a job,” he said. “An individual’s chances are actually mainly determined by his or her capability.”According to Wen, a moderate degree of anxiety is normal--- it can even be helpful. But if it constantly affects a student’s normal life, one should pay more attention. “Focus on adapting yourself to the needs of society, and never ever overestimate your goals,” We added.【答案】76. situation 77. anxious/ worried 78. talk/discuss 79. depressed 80. majors 81. finally/ eventually 82. growing/ increasing 83. advantage(s)/ edge 84. determines/decides 85. adapt/ adjust【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了现在的大学生面临的就业压力问题，很多学生都感到压抑，沮丧，作者举例说明情况的严重，还有给出专家的建议。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(84)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（84）含答案解析【题文】A brief course of brain exercises helped older adults hold on to improvements in reasoning skills and processing speed that could be detected as long as 10 years after the course ended, according to results from the largest study ever done on cognitive training.The findings, published on Monday in the Journal of theAmerican Geriatrics Society, offer welcome news in the search for ways to keep the mind sharp as 76 million baby boomers in the United States advance into old age.The federally-sponsored trial of almost 3,000 older adults, called the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study (ACTIVE), looked at how three brain training programs --- focusing on processing speed, memory and reasoning ability --- affected cognitively --- normal adults as they aged.People in the study had an average age of 74 when they started the training, which involved 10 to 12 sessions lasting 60 to 75 minutes each. The training course was designed to improve specific cognitive abilities that begin to decline as people age. It did not aim to prevent dementia(痴呆) caused by underlying disease such as Alzheimer’s. After five years, researchers found that those with the training performed better than their untrained counterparts in all three measures.Although gains in memory seen at the studyˈs five-year mark appeared to drop off over the next five years, gains in reasoning ability and processing speed lasted 10 years after the training."What we found was pretty astonishing. Ten years after the training, there was evidence the effects were durable for the reasoning and the speed training," said George Rebok, an expert on aging and a professor at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, who led the study.The participants in all three training groups also reported that the training made it easier for them to do daily activities such as managing their medications,cooking meals or handling their finances than those who did not get the training. But standard tests of these activities showed no differences between the groups."The speed-of-processing results are very encouraging," said study co-author Jonathan King, program director for cognitive aging in the Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the National Institute on Aging (NIA), part of the National Institutes of Health, which helped fund the research.King said the self-reported improvements in daily function were interesting, but added, "We do not yet know whether they would truly allow older people to be independent for a longer time." However, the researchers said even a small gain would be likely to ease the burden on caregivers and health care providers."If we delay the attack of difficulties in daily activities even by a small amount, that can have major public health implications in terms of helping to control healthcare costs, delaying entry into institutions and hospitals," Rebok said.【答案】51. Seniors/Elders52. sponsored53. involved54. focuses55. performance56. benefits57. difficult58. Significance/Importance59. aging/ageing60. attending【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。

高考英语百日训练之阅读理解(18)含答案解析

高考英语百日训练之阅读理解（18）含答案解析【题文】Traveling by subway can sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during rush hour. There are the times when you have to avoid cups of coffee that could spill (溅) on you. The smells of some passengers’ food are very strong, t oo. According to the Beijing subway passenger regulations, which went into effect on May 15th, passengers except babies and the sick are no longer allowed to eat or drink on the subway. Violators (违反者) who do not stop after being asked to will be asked to get off. The violation will also be recorded in the violators’ credit record.Some support the rule. The reason is that the smell of food and drink can annoy other passengers. “The smell of food fills the carriage, causing people discomfort, especially in the hot summer, Besides, eating on the subway produces rubbish. And on subway trains, people often spill their drinks,” said Zheng Yiou, 17, a student from Hefei.However, others question this rule. “Some citizens live so far from their work places that th ey have limited time to have breakfast before they go to work. Eating while they travel saves them time and decreases the chance that they will be late for work,” He Songlin, a 17-year-old student from Chengdu said, “And some people, like those with low- blood sugar levels, get sick if they can’t eat when they must.”Other Chinese cities like Nanjing and Chengdu have similar regulations. Some foreign cities also ban eating and drinking on the subway. For example, eating and drinking have long been banned on the subway in Washington DC. Singapore fines people who eat or drink on the subway up to 500 Singapore dollars, which is RMB 2,417 yuan.Chen Yanyan, a professor from Beijing University of Technology, believed we should consider the need of some people to eat or drink on the subway. “Commuters (上班族) and travelers are sometimes too busy to eat. Maybe we could learn from Tokyo, where there are many subway stations equipped with services, allowing passengers to eat and drink,” she said.8. In which city was subway passenger regulations carried out on May 15th?A. Chengdu.B. Nanjing.C. Washington DC.D. Beijing.9. What’s the punishment for the passengers who break the rules in Singapore?A. Eating on the subway.B. Drinking on the subway.C. Being fined up to 2417 yuan.D. Being asked to get off the train.10. What is Chen Yanyan’s attitude to eating or drinking on the subway?A. Worried.B. Sympathetic.C. Doubtful.D. Uninterested11. What would be the best title for the text?A. Food and Drink Banned on Subway.B. The Adventure of Subway TravelingC. Ways to Eat and Drink on Subway.D. The Services on Subway Stations【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(88)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（88）含答案解析【题文】Translation is an essential tool for communication between businesses, between companies and their customers, between organizations, and between countries. The most common way to get a translation done is to go through a translation agency or a translator. But the past few years have seen the appearance of a new type of translators: machine translators. Nowadays a person can point his smartphone at a sign in downtown Japan and a machine translation app will display the text on the sign in English. So, with such advanced technology being created, the question arises, win human translators will be jobless in future?When talking about Machine Translations we all think of Google Translate first, for one thing, it is the most famous one with more than 500 million users worldwide. It is a huge number compared to human translators: over 330,000 translators internationally which is just 0.0045% of the world population. Google Translate translates 100 billion words per day, that is, 41,666,666 words per hour, in comparison 250 words per hour are translated by professionals. On average human translation of 1 word equals to $0.11, which means that if we gave the job done by Google Translate to professionals they would have daily jobs of 10,000 words which multiplied by $0.11 is $ 1100 a day.It seems that machine translators have taken the lead in the competition with humans. However, not everything in the garden is rose. Not every language is offered by machine translation tools: while Google's translation gives plenty of languages, what if your required language isn't on the list?The biggest complaint regarding machine translation is that it may even basically provide a literal, word-for-word translation. The translation, even though it may be comprehensible, will not sound natural at all, will not be well-structured and may not keep the original meaning. In a contest held by a Korean university, Google Translate went up against a group of human translators. Google's translations only scored a 28 out of 60 possible points while the humans scored much better, with a high score of 49 out of 60.Unlike a machine, when doing translation, a human translator must take into account the style of the source text: context, humor, irony, and idiomatic expressions. Missing the spirit and aesthetic(美学的）character of the source text is less excusable than a few errors in translation of words. Content that is targeted to a specific audience requires a more comprehensive understanding of the messaging. Unlike machines, humans understand when to be literal and when to paraphrase(意译）for their audience.Machine translating technology is getting better day by day, but it has a long way to go before being perfect. It is likely that in the future human translators will work alongside machine translators and use the software produced translation as an aid or a guide, in order to produce their own translations. But only if we provide improvement.Will Machine Translation ___51___Human Translation?【答案】51. Replace52. Disadvantages/Drawbacks53. access 54. expensive/costly/dear55. limited56. consistent57. style 58. adapt/adjust59. help/aid/assist60. polish【解析】文章主要讲述了翻译机与人工翻译的对比。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(83)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（83）含答案解析【题文】New discoveries suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began many centuries earlier than once thought. The findings add a fascinating new page to the epic(史诗）of the Silk Road, which spread far and wide in no time.The latest and most surprising discovery is pieces of silk found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy from about 1,000 BC, long before regular traffic on the Silk Road and at least one thousand years before silk was previously thought to be used in Egypt. Other research may extend human activity along this route back even further, perhaps a million years to the moving of human ancestors into eastern AsiaThe official origin of East-West trade along the road is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC when an agent of the Chinese Emperor Wudi returned from a dangerous secret mission across the desert into the remote high country of Central Asia. The agent, Zhang Qian, traveled as far as Afghanistan and brought back knowledge of even more distant lands such as Persia, Syria and a place known as Lijien, perhaps Rome. Historians(历史学家）have called this one of the most important journeys in ancient times. His journey opened the way for what have been thought to be the first indirect contacts between the ancient world's two superpowers, China and Rome. Chinese silk, first traded to Central Asia for war horses, was soon finding its way to the markets of Rome through a network of businessmen.But the new discoveries show that Chinese silk apparently existed in the West long before the Han emperor started organized trade over the Silk Road. The research could change thinking about the early history of world trade and provide insights into the mystery(谜) of just how and when Europe first realized the glorious culture at the other end of Eurasia.【答案】51. start/beginning 52. date 53. thought 54. origin 55. Importance56. traded 57. enter 58. Conclusion 59. existence 60. realizing【解析】这是一篇说明文。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(90)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（90）含答案解析【题文】According to The New York Times, kids from ages 8 to 18 spend more than seven and a half hours a day on electronic devices and social network. Parents who have trouble tearing their teens away from the computer or smart phone may wonder whether their teenager is addicted to technology.One big change that has come with new technology and especially smart phones is that we are never really alone. Kids update their status, sharing what they’re watching, listening to, and readin g at all times. The result is that kids feel connected with each other all the time, never getting a break from them. That, in and of itself, can produce anxiety. It’s al so surprisingly easy to feel lonely and depressed in the middle of all that connection.Today kids are missing out on very critical social skills. In the past kids were more likely to chat and hang out in person. Through real-time interactions, they were experimenting and trying out skills. In a way, texting and online communicating puts everybody in a nonverbal disabled context, where body language, facial expression, and even the smallest kinds of vocal reactions are invisible.Peer acceptance is a big thing for adolescents, and their image matters a lot to them. Who wouldn’t want to make herself look cooler if she can? So kids can spend hours beautifying their online identities, trying to project an idealized image.Social media also can have a positive effect, however. Some research has found that social media can be a resource for teens to find social support when they are struggling with life issues, and that introvert kids can use the different online platforms as a way to express themselves. So they are able to build friendships and relationships through the interaction they have with others on the Internet.Social networking makes kids more peer-based. Teens interact and receive feedback from one another. They are motivated to learn more from each other than from adults. Teachers and adults are no longer the only sources of knowledge.Whether technology is good or bad largely depends on the person who uses it. Parents are role models for their children. They should cut down their own consumption first, and limit the amount of time their kids spend on social media. It is also suggested that sites like Instagram and schools teach safe social media use.【答案】51. addicted 52. Mixed 53. emotional/mental/psychological54. lack 55. accepted/recognized 56. beautifying/idealizing/perfectin57. sources/help 58. example 59. limit 60. safety【解析】本文是一篇议论文，据研究发现当代年轻人在网络上花费时间太长，带来起了很多负面影响。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(9)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（9）含答案解析【题文】What is style? Style is the special visual paradigm centering on the visual symbol system. It is contained in the materialized products of daily life such as fashion, borne, architecture. horticulture; and environment. It is reflected in the creation of cultural products including literature, films and music. It is still a way of behavior and life that expresses specific customs. To sum up. style is not only the core of cultural products with visual, melodic, literal and abstract symbols, but also a way of life.The style of China means the expression of Chinese elements. Chinese elements are the inheritance(传承)of cultural genes. The style of China relies on thousands of years of cultural accumulation(积累). It should not be limited to objects. It is supposed to express the Chinese cultural concept of Confucianism and Taoism. It must reflect the specific views of man and nature, man and objects as well as man and social relations.The style of China ought to be oriented towards the world. It did influence the world. Silk and ceramics were the main products traded along the Silk Road. They contained rich Chinese culture. The thousand-year-old Silk Road spread the style of China to the West. And the craze for Chinoiserie(中国艺术品)was a popular fashion in European society at that time.The style of China is the reproduction and variation of cultural genes. It is the inheritance along with innovation.The style of China is duty-bound to select as always silk, bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used. Besides, it is necessary to continue the concept of interactive space planning between man and nature and between man and man. It also needs to explore such new spaces as digitization, the Internet, virtual reality and artificial intelligence.The style of China must show the transformation and promotion from Chinese manufacturing to Chinese creation. It relies on the manufacturing power and the industrial strength. The style of China presents to the world the image of a large industrial producer and a birthplace of global creativity.The style of China represents not only the reconstruction of objects, but also the renewal of Chinese value system.The style of China ought to rely on rich historical heritage(遗产), draw on strengths of others and keep up with the times. It should focus on the life of the general public, the world and the future.【答案】71. reflected /contained/expressed/conveyed/carried72. definition/meaning73. accumulated74. internationally/globally/world75. Traditional76. materials77. created/innovated78. and 79. conclusion80. modern【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国风格的特点，并指出中国风格必须体现在从中国制造到中国创造的转型和提升，应该依托丰富的历史遗产，取长补短，与时俱进，应该关注公众的生活、世界和未来【71题详解】考查动词。

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(99)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（99）含答案解析【题文】Decoding the young brainThere was a funny experiment to see how a young child would answer a specific question compared to an adult.After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child, he asked the child, “What do you think about me？” The child answered, “You talk too much.” When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult, the reply to the same question was, “I think you're a very interesting person.” Even if the adult felt the same way as the child, his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question, and come up with an answer. He could have been annoyed, but his answer didn't reflect it because he was being polite.The secret lies in the science of the developing brain.The child's honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasn't equipped to filter(过滤) information before answering the question.As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful.However, the child did not intentionally hurt the adult; it's just the way his brain works.As a child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood, that changes.The human brain is made up of billions of neurons(神经元). In order for our body to execute a command, like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room, the neurons in the brain have to communicate with each other. They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things.When the neurons send messages, perhaps one sensation(感觉) the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious. Later, if that person smells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie, it can spark the electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie. In an adult, he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences, like weight gain.But because the younger brain is more impulsive(冲动的), the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the consequences.That is because when a child is young, his brain is “wired” in s uch a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult.This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people tend to be more impulsive. Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we heard a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens！”To conclude, what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive.It isn't always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of their brains. So the next time you ask a child what he really thinks of you, be prepared for any kind of answer.【答案】71. off 72. thought 73. phenomenon 74. although/though75. making 76. associate 77. Tendency78. dangerous 79. stronger/greater 80. necessarily【解析】这是一篇说明文。