考研英语阅读真题及详细解析教程文件
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(29)
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(29)考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(29)When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now somethingsimilar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species inparticular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latestpaper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) ina new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(五)
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(五)If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition-wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny-must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped―with the educated themselves riding on them。
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs-the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is," Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life。
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（2）
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（2）1. 英语在研究生招生考试中往往是很多理工科考生心中的痛，因为英语这一科考试科目的复习内容是没有上限的，所以考生在复习过程中也经常无从下手，那么接下来小编就为大家带来2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析，快来看看吧！Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles，shopping bags，and other trash litter the planet，from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench， because plastics are everywhere and don＇t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They ＂weep＂out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions，such as museums，trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying： early radios， avant-garde sculptures，celluloid animation stills from Disney films，the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn＇t always know how to mix ingredients properly，says Thea van Oosten， a polymer chemist who，until retiring a few years ago，worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. ＂It＇s like baking a cake： If you don＇t have exact amounts. itgoes wrong.＂ She says. ＂The object you make is already a time bomb.＂And sometimes， it＇s not the artist＇s fault. In the 1960s，the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright，colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen ＂nature carpets＂–large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins，cabbages，and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets –which meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately， the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It＇s especially vulnerable to light damage， and by the mid-1990s，Gilardi＇s pumpkins，roses，and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi＇s sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals ＂sunscreens＂because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again，albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oosten＇s， preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse，biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate，are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira，an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology，notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history-Stone Age， Iron Age， and so on-after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic， she says，＂and what we decide to collect today，what we decide to preserve. …will have a strong impact on how in the future we＇ll be seen.＂21.【题干】According to Paragraph 1， museums are faced with difficulties in_____.【选项】A.maintaining their plastic itemsB.obtaining durable plastic artifactsC.handling outdated plastic exhibitsD.classifying their plastic collections【答案】A22.【题干】Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are_____.【选项】A.immune to decayB.improperly shapedC.inherently flawedplex in structure【答案】C23.【题干】Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi＇s artworks to_____.【选项】A.keep them from hurting visitorsB.duplicate them for future displayC.have their ingredients analyzedD.prevent them from further damage【答案】D24.【题干】The author thinks that preservation of plastics is_____.【选项】A.costlyB.unworthyC.unpopularD.challenging【答案】D25.【题干】In Ferreira＇s opinion，preservation of plastic artifacts_____.【选项】A.will inspire future scientific researchB.has profound historical significanceC.will help us separate the material agesD.has an impact on today＇s cultural life【答案】BText 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate applications and weigh up their options，it may be worth considering just how the point， purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Gen Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school， got a decent degree， you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal，they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. T oday， 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles； a percentage which is double the average amongst the OECD.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree，but， rather stress that a degree is not for everyone， that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.Thankfully， there are signs that this is already happening，with Gen Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors，even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route， consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists，it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree， it makes sense to have two.It is unlikely that Gen Z will be done with education at 18 or 21； they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay agile，relevant and employable. It has been estimated that this generation due to the pressures of technology，the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for diversity will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education， and not just knowledge gained on campus， will be a core part of Generation Z＇s career trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense：I am a geographer＇or I am a classist. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing；it＇s as if they already know that their degree won＇t define them in the same way.26.【题干】The author suggests that Generation Z should_____.【选项】A.be careful in choosing a collegeB.be diligent at each educational stageC.reassess the necessity of college educationD.postpone their undergraduate application【答案】C27.【题干】The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect_____.【选项】lennial’s opinions about workB.the shrinking value of a degreeC.public discontent with educationD.the desired route of social mobility【答案】B28.【题干】The author considers it a good sign that_____.【选项】A.Generation Z are seeking to earn a decent degreeB.school leavers are willing to be skilled workersC.employers are taking a realistic attitude to degreeD.parents are changing their minds about education【答案】C29.【题干】It is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with one degree should_____.【选项】A.make an early decision on their careerB.attend on the job training programsC.team up with high-paid postgraduatesD.further their studies in a specific field【答案】D30.【题干】What can be concluded about Generation Z from the last two paragraphs？【选项】A.Lifelong learning will define them.B.They will make qualified educators.C.Depress will no longer appeal them.D.They will have a limited choice of jobs.【答案】AText 3Enlightening， challenging， stimulating， fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe their experience of art-science collaborations in a series of articles on partnerships between artists and researchers. Nearly 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying poll said，they had collaborated with artists：and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.Such an encouraging results is not surprising. Scientists are increasingly seeking out visual artists to help them communicate their work to new audiences. ＂Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learning.＂ One respondent said.One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the scenes came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked version of Antonio Vivaldi＇s The Four Seasons. They reimagined the 300-year-old score by injecting the latest climate prediction data for each season-provided by Monash University＇s Climate Change Communication Research Hub. The performance was a creative call to action ahead of November＇s United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow， UK.But a genuine partnership must be a two-way street. Fewer artist than scientists responded to the Nature poll， however，several respondents noted that artists do not simply assistscientists with their communication requirements. Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The alliances are most valuable when scientists and artists have a shared stake in a project， are able to jointly design it and can critique each other＇s work. Such an approach can both prompt new research as well as result in powerful art. More than half a century ago，the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies （CAVS）to explore the role of technology in culture. The founders deliberately focused their projects around light-hence the ＂visual studies＂ in the name. Light was a something that both artists and scientists had an interest in， and therefore could form the basis of collaboration. As science and technology progressed， and divided into more sub-disciplines， the centre was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists，writers and poets， and vice versa.Nature＇s poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever， but， to make a collaboration work， both sides need to invest time， and embrace surprise and challenge. The reach of art-science tie-ups needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication， and participants. Artists and scientists alike are immersed in discovery and invention， and challenge and critique are core to both， too.31.【题干】According to paragraph 1，art-science collaborations have_____.【选项】A.caught the attention of criticsB.received favorable responsesC.promoted academic publishingD.sparked heated public disputes【答案】B32.【题干】The reworked version of The Four Seasons is mentioned to show that_____.【选项】A.art can offer audiences easy access to scienceB.science can help with the expression of emotionsC.public participation in science has a promising futureD.art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations【答案】A33.【题干】Some artists seem to worry about in the art-science partnership_____.【选项】A.their role may be underestimatedB.their reputation may be impairedC.their creativity may be inhibitedD.their work may be misguided【答案】A34.【题干】What does the author say about CAVS？ _____.【选项】A.It was headed alternately by artists and scientists.B.It exemplified valuable art-science alliances.C.Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies.D.Its founders sought to raise the status of artists.【答案】B35.【题干】In the last paragraph， the author holds that art-science collaborations_____.【选项】A.are likely to go beyond public expectationsB.will intensify interdisciplinary competitionC.should do more than communicating science.D.are becoming more popular than before【答案】CText 4The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand＇s Employment Relations Act 2000 （ERA）prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead. dismissals must be justified. Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from ＂unjustified dismissals＂. The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest， constraining firms from firing poorly performing. high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.If not placing jobs at risk，to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers， those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers＇ wages. Indeed， in ＂An International Perspective on New Zealand＇s Productivity Paradox＂（2014）. The Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country＇s poor productivity growth record.Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA＇s unjustified dismissal procedures. Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee， employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.Society also suffers from excessive employment protections. Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.Across the Tasman Sea， Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified ＂high-income threshold＂from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand， a 2016 private members＇Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime. However，the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.36.【题干】The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to _____.【选项】A.punish dubious corporate practicesB.improve traditional hiring proceduresC.exempt employers from certain dutiesD.protect the rights of ordinary workers【答案】D37.【题干】It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may_____ .【选项】A.hinder business developmentB.undermine managers＇ authorityC.affect the public image of the firmsD.worsen labor-management relations【答案】A38.【题干】Which of the following measures would be the Productivity Commission support？【选项】A.Imposing reasonable wage restraints.B.Enforcing employment protection lawsC.Limiting the powers of business owners.D.Dismissing poorly performing managers.【答案】D39.【题干】What might be an effect of ERA＇s unjustified dismissal procedures？ _____【选项】A.Highly paid managers lose their jobs.B.Employees suffer from salary cuts.C.Society sees a rise in overall well-being.D.Employers need to hire new staff.【答案】B40.【题干】It can be inferred that the ＂high-income threshold＂ in Australia _____.【选项】A.has secured managers＇ earningsB.has produced undesired resultsC.is beneficial to business ownersD.is difficult to put into practice【答案】CPart BDirections： The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Teri Byrd_____（41）I was a zoo and wildlife park employee for years. Both the wildlife park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This claim was false. Neither one of them actually participated in any contributions whose bottom line is much more important than the condition of the animals.Animals despise being captives in zoos. No matter how you ＂enhance＂enclosures，they do not allow for freedom， a natural diet or adequate time for transparency with these institutions，and it＇s past time to eliminate zoos from our culture.Karen R. Sime_____（42）As a zoology professor， I agree with Emma Marris that zoo displays can be sad and cruel. But she underestimates the educational value of zoos.The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences. These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas，wildlife refuges or national parks. Although good TV shows canhelp stir children＇s interest in conservation，they cannot replace the excitement of a zoo visit as an intense， immersive and interactive experience. Surely there must be some middle ground that balances zoos＇treatment of animals with their educational potential.Greg Newberry_____（43）Emma Marris＇s article is an insult and a disservice to the thousands of passionate who work tirelessly to improve the lives of animals and protect our planet. She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organization committed to connecting children to a world beyond their own.Zoos are at the forefront of conservation and constantly evolving to improve how they care for animals and protect each species in its natural habitat. Are there tragedies？ Of course. But they are the exception not the norm that Ms. Marris implies. A distressed animal in a zoo will get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospital.Dean Gallea_____（44）As a fellow environmentalist animal-protection advocate and longtime vegetarian. I could properly be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that well-run zoos and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity so serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful wild creatures close to home many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out disturb and even hunt them down.Zoos are in that sense similar to natural history and archeology museums serving to satisfy our need for contact with these living creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbedin their natural environments.John Fraser_____（45）Emma Marris selectively describes and misrepresents the findings of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature and the data points extracted from our studies.Zoos are tools for thinking. Our research provides strong support for the value of zoos in connecting people with animals and with nature. Zoos provide a critical voice for conservation and environmental protection. They afford an opportunity for people from all backgrounds to encounter a range of animals from drone bees to springbok or salmon to better understand the natural world we live in.41.【题干】41._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】F42.【题干】42._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】C43.【题干】43._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】A44.【题干】44._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】D45.【题干】45._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would leadto inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】G考研考什么内容考研分为初试和复试，初试主要是笔试，科目有外语、政治、专业课和综合，不同专业的考试科目是不一样的；复试是笔试和面试相结合，其内容包括英语测试、专业课笔试和综合素质面试。
【Selected】考研英语阅读理解及答案解析.doc
法律类GOINGBACAANDGETTINGITRIGHTByalmosteverymeasure,s tweeAtheSanDiegoCountydistrictattorneysaidhefullyintendstotrysuspect CharlesAndrewWilliams,15,asanadultfortheSantanaHighSchoolshootings. Evenbeforethetragedy,PfingsthadstoodbehindthecontroversialCalifornia lawthatmandatestreatingmurdersuspectsasyoungas14asadults.SonobodywouldhavewageredthatPfingstwouldalsobethefirstD.A.int heU.S.tolaunchhisveryownInnocenceProject.YetlastJune,Pfingsttoldhisatt orneystogobacAoveroldmurderandrapeconvictionsandseeifanyunravelw ithnewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.Inotherwords,hewantedtorevisitpas tvictories--thistimeplayingfortheotherteam."IthinApeoplemisunderstand beingconservativeforbeingbiased,"saysPfingst."Iconsidermyselfapragma ticguy,andIhavenointerestinputtinginnocentpeopleinjail."AroundtheU.S.,flabbergasteddefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclientsc heeredhismove.Amongprosecutors,however,therewasanawAwardpause. Afterall,eachDNAtestcostsasmuchas$5,000.Thenthere'stheunspoAenrisA: ifdozensofinnocentsturnup,theD.A.willhaveindictedhisshop.Butninemonthslater,nobudgetshavebeenbustedorprosecutorsouste d.Onlytherarecasemeritsreview.Pfingst'steamconsidersconvictionsbefore 1993,whenthecitystartedroutineDNAtesting.Theydiscardcasesifthedefen danthasbeenreleased.Ofthe560remainingfiles,theyhavere-eGamined200, looAingforcaseswithbiologicalevidenceanddefendantswhostillclaiminno cence.Theyhaveidentifiedthreesofar.Themostcompellinginvolvesamanservi ng12yearsformolestingagirlwhowasplayinginhisapartment.Butotherswer ethereatthetime.Policefoundasmalldropofsalivaonthevictim'sshirt--toos mallasampletotestin1991.Todaythatspotcouldfreeaman.Testresultsaredu eanyday.InspiredbySanDiego,10othercountiesintheU.S.arestartingDNAa udits.ByAmandaRipleyeznciscosijevicrtwell;LisaMcLaughlin;JosephPierro;J oshTyrangielandSoraSong注(1)本文选自Time;03/19/20XX,Vol.157Issue11,p62,1p,2c,3bw注(2)本文习题命题模仿对象20XX年真题teGt1.1.HowdidPfingstcarryouthisownInnocenceProject?[A]Bygettingridofhisbiasagainstthesuspects.[B]Byrevisitingthepastvictories.[C]ByusingthenewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.[D]Byhiscooperationwithhisattorneys.2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeanadvantageofInnocenceProject?[A]Tohelpcorrectthewrongjudgments.[B]Toousttheunqualifiedprosecutors.[C]TomaAetheprosecutorsinanawAwardsituation.[D]Tocheerupthedefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclients.3.TheeGpression“flabbergasted”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobably means_______.[A]eGcited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded4.WhywasPfingstanunsentimentalprosecutor?[A]Heintendedtotryafifteen-yearoldsuspect.[B]Hehadnointerestinputtingtheinnocentinjail.[C]HesupportedthecontroversialCalifornialaw.[D]Hewantedtotrysuspectasyoungasfourteen.5.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtotheteGt?[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t haveagreatcoverage.[B]Pfingst’smovehadboththepositiveandnegativeeffect.[C]Pfingst’s move didn’t worAwell.[D]Pfingst’s movegreatlyencouragedthejailedprisoners.篇章剖析本文采用的是记叙文的模式。
考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AFor hundreds of years, scientists have been trying to untangle(理清) the mysteries of human memory. 1)[While in the early years they believed memories were hard-wired into the brain], we now know that memory is a complex process that involves both the brain and the mind.The brain plays a key role in memory 2)[by processing new information and storing it. However, it cannot act alone. Without the mind's ability to pay attention and make value judgments, the brain would have no way to determine which information is important enough to be stored as a memory.] This interaction between the brain and the mind is crucial for memory storage.3)[Another important factor in memory is repetition, which strengthens neural connections and helps memories to endure. Repetition is particularly useful in learning new skills or acquiring new knowledge.] For example, when we learn a new language, we repeat new vocabulary words over and over until they become part of our long-term memory.Emotion is also closely related to memory. 4)[Emotional experiences tend to be more memorable than neutral ones.] This is because the amygdala, the brain's emotional center, releases stress hormones that can enhance memory formation. For example, if you experience something deeply emotional, such as winning a prize or going through a traumatic event, you are more likely to remember it vividly.5)[Furthermore, the context in which a memory is encoded can impact our ability to recall it later.] Context-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where our memory is influenced by the environment in which we learned or experienced something. For example, if you study for an exam in a particular room and then take the exam in that same room, you are more likely to remember the information because the context cues your memory.In conclusion, memory is a complex process that involves the brain, the mind, repetition, emotion, and context. 6)[By understanding these factors, we can improve our memory and enhance our ability to learn and retain information.]1. According to the passage, what was the early belief about memory?A. It is a simple process controlled by the brain.B. It is a complex process involving both the brain and the mind.C. It is a natural ability of human beings.D. It is a hard-wired function of the mind.2. What is the role of the mind in memory storage?A. It determines which information is important.B. It processes new information and stores it.C. It helps repeat words and phrases.D. It releases stress hormones for memory formation.3. What does the passage say about repetition?A. It helps acquire new skills.B. It strengthens neural connections.C. It enhances emotional experiences.D. It cues memory in a particular context.4. Why are emotional experiences more memorable?A. They involve repetitive learning.B. They trigger the brain's emotional center.C. They release stress hormones for memory formation.D. They are associated with context-dependent memory.5. How does context impact memory recall?A. It determines the importance of information.B. It influences emotional experiences.C. It strengthens neural connections.D. It cues memory in a particular environment.6. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe the complexities of human memory.B. To discuss the role of the brain in memory storage.C. To explain the connection between emotion and memory.D. To offer strategies for improving memory.解析：1. D。
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十六)
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The Americanspymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World WarII and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with ...Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The Americanspymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World WarII and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated withinformation. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand inthe “great game” of espionage-spying as a “profession。
” Thesedays the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes asbuying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation aswell。
The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen readingother gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has beengoing on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World WideWeb has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying.The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows,it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held acontest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. Thewinner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions whose clear advantage was its mastery of theelectronic world。
考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析
考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析英语阅读理解课教学反思推举度：高考阅读理解高频单词推举度：雨的阅读理解答案推举度：高考作文解析及推举度：考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析A great deal ofattention is being paid today to the so-called digital dividethe divisionof the world into the info rich and the info poor. And that dividedoes exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty yearsago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces thatwork against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic。
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide willnarrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in theinterest of business to universalize accessafter all, the morepeople online, the more potential customers there are. More and moregovernments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spreadInternet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billionpeople onthe planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digitaldivide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very goodnews because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combatingworld poverty that we ve ever had。
考研英语阅读理解真题和答案讲解
考研英语阅读理解真题和答案讲解 考研英语阅读理解永远是摆在学⽣⾯前的⼀道鸿沟，很多考⽣会觉的⼼烦，其实可以看看历年的真题和答案分析，从中的初⼀点经验。
以下是⼩编推荐考研英语阅读理解真题和答案的知识，欢迎阅读! 考研英语阅读理解真题 Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbledacross CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with nosuccess but was attracted by the site’s “personalsearch agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria suchas location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position isposted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property,and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of anopening. “I struck gold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won aposition as in-house counsel for a company。
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, findingpromising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reducethe need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agentworked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, forexample, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility。
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1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题阅读Section II R eading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1①In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. ②A new phase in space exploration has begun.①The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth’s size. ②Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds.③It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. ④In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earth’s twin.”①The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. ②Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). ③Water is all but nonexistent.①Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. ②For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. ③It has no earth’s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. ④In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace.一、词汇1．shuttle n. 返汽车(列车，飞机)；航天飞机，航天器2．release v. 放出，释放 3.probe n. 探测4.phase n. 阶段5.density n. 密度6.approximately ad. 大概，大约7.stuff n. 材料，东西8.passes for被当成9.sulfuric a. 硫的10. acid n. 酸性物质，酸11. axis n. 轴(线)12.leisurely ad. 慢慢地，悠然地二、长难句1. In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus.该句主干为space shuttle “Atlantis” released … the space probe “Megallan”，which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词the space probe “Megallan”。
翻译：1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，使其开始了前往金星、航行时间十五个月、距离十亿公里的外太空航行。
2. Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).冒号前的句子是倒装句，正常语序为an atmospheric pressure … is added to that，冒号后的部分对也是倒装句，正常语序为a layer of clouds … high overhead in the carbon dioxide。
That 和whose引导的定语从句分别修饰先行词the carbon dioxide (CO2)和a layer of clouds。
翻译：此外，其气压约为地球的90倍：高空中被看作是空气的二氧化碳形成了一层厚约10到20 公里的浓云，而浓云的主要成分为硫酸。
三、文章结构分析本文是一篇有关金星和地球之间物理特性异同的说明文。
文章主要从体积、密度、构成物质、大气成分、与太阳间的距离、行星表面温度、气压、空气成分、储水量以及太阳热量吸收和散发方式等方面对二者进行了比较。
第一段：由“麦哲伦”号的升空引入探索金星的话题。
第二段：阐述了金星与地球在体积、密度、构成物质、大气成分、与太阳间的距离等方面的相似之处。
第三段：从行星表面温度、气压、空气成分、储水量等方面探讨了金星与地球之间的差异。
第四段：指出研究金星的目的在于更好地了解地球，并说明能够实现该目的的原因。
四、试题具体分析11. Venus is similar to Earth in ________. 11. 金星和地球在_______上是相近的。
[A] size and density [A] 体积和密度[B] distance from the sun [B] 同太阳之间的距离[C] having atmosphere [C] 拥有大气层[D] all of the above [D] 以上所有方面[分析]本题考查的知识点是：具体细节。
文章第二段主要阐述了金星和地球的相似之处。
①②③句分别指出，太阳系中金星是在体积上唯一与地球接近的行星；金星的密度也与地球相近，且金星上也有大气；在同太阳之间的距离上，地球和金星也是接近的。
即，二者在体积和密度、同太阳之间的距离和是否拥有大气层方面都是相似的，故[D]选项正确。
[A]、[B]、[C]选项都只片面地概括了二者相似点中的一个方面。
12. The greatest value in studying Venus12. 研究金星最大的价值应在于________. should be to ________.[A] allow us to visit there [A] 使我们能够游览金星[B] understand Earth better [B] 更好地了解地球[C] find a new source of energy [C] 找到新的能量来源[D] promote a new space program [D] 推出一个新的太空计划[分析]本题考查的知识点是：推理引申。
文章第四段②句指出：由于金星所有的极端特性，对于研究地球天气和气候的人们来说它是很重要的实验室。
[B]选项是对该句的概括，故正确。
[A]、[C]选项无中生有，文中并未谈及去金星旅游以及探查新的能量来源的话题。
[D]选项是利用原文词汇a new phase, space exploration编造的干扰项，对金星的研究的目的却不是为了推出一个新的太空计划。
13. The main idea of this passage is about13. 本文的主旨是关于________。
________.[A] problems of space travel [A] 太空旅行的问题[B] scientific methods in space exploration [B] 太空探索的科学方案[C] the importance of Venus to Earth [C] 金星对地球的重要性[D] conditions on Venus [D] 金星上的环境[分析]本题考查的知识点是：文章主旨。
文章第一段引出金星探测的话题。
第二、三段指出了金星和地球在物理特性方面的异同。
第四段指出了研究金星的目的。
可见，文章谈及金星同地球之间的异同为了说明其对地球的重要性，故[C]选项正确。
[A]、[B]选项分别是利用第一段词汇space和space exploration设置的干扰项，文章并未涉及太空旅行的问题和太空发开的科学方案。