2000年至2012年全国自考英语词汇学试卷参考答案
全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案练习
全国202X年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题课程代码:00832本卷子总分值100分,考试时间150分钟.考生答题考前须知:1.本卷全部真题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在卷子上无效。
卷子空白处和反面均可作草稿纸。
2.第—局部为选择题。
必须对应卷子上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡〞的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二局部为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号,使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间。
超出答题地域无效。
第—局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1.Of all the characteristics listed for the basic word stock the most important is____.A.all national characterB. collocabilityC. stabilityD. productivity2.Which of the following words is NOT one of the aliensA.Kowtow.B.Bazaar.C.Mother tongue.D.Status quo.3.Which of the following statements is NOT trueA.A word is the smallest form of a language.B.A word is a sound unity.C.A word has a given meaning.D.A word can be used freely in a sentence.4.The language used between 1150 and____is called Middle English.A. 1250B.1500C.1850D.17005.The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Roumanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called ____.A. LatinB.GreekC.RussianD.Spanish6. Which of the following words does NOT belong to the words of French originA. Skirt.B.State.C.Roast.D.Crime.7.Which of the following words does NOT have a suffixA.Northward.B. Snowy.C. Happy.D. Worker.8.Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Which of the following words does NOT have a derivational affixA. Reread.B. Prewar.C. Postwar.D. Postcard.9.How many free morphemic words are there in the following words: wind, man, reddish, collectionA. 1B.2C.3D.410.Which of the following words contains a number prefixA. Amoral.B. Disunite.C.Antiwar.D. Bicycle.11.Which of the following words is an example of blendingA. Smog.B. Sandwich.C.Quake.D. NATO.12.The verbal phrase “fall down〞can be turned into a noun compound as____.A. falling downB. downfallC.fall-downD. fallen-down13.The following words are onomatopoetically motivated words EXCEPT ____.A. bangB. miniskirtC.quackD. hiss14.The word “mother〞is often associated with “love〞,“care〞,“tenderness〞,“forgiving〞,etc. In this sense, the word “mother〞conveys____.A. connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC. affective meaningD. collocative meaning15.Which of the following statements is trueA.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listenerattitude towards the person or thing in question.D.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words.16.Words are____symbols and independent identities so far as their outer facet — spelling and pronunciation, is concerned.A. arbitraryB. clearC.traditionalD.cultural17.When a word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning, which is called the primary meaning. Which of the following is the primary m eaning of the word “face〞?A. A surface of a thing.B. The topography (of an area).C. The front of the head.D. Outward aspect.18.“Comprehend〞and “understand〞are synonyms, but “understand〞is used in a much more extended sense than “comprehend〞. The above example shows there is difference in ____between near-synonyms.A. denotationB. connotationC.applicationD. implication19.Word-meaning changes by the following modes EXCEPT____.A. narrowingB. broadeningC.transferD. elevation20.The word “journ al〞originally meant mere “daily paper〞,but now has come to include any “periodical〞. The above example reflects one type of changes in word meaning,that is,____.A. extensionB.narrowingC.degradationD. elevation21.Which of the following is one of the linguistic factors that cause the change of meaningA. Social classes.B. Scientific discovery.C. Psychological motives.D. Analogy.22.The meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call____context.A. lexicalB.grammaticalC.structuralD. non-linguistic23.Ambiguity often arises due to____,as is shown in the sentence “He is a hard businessman",in which “hard〞can mean both “hardworking〞and “difficult〞.A. polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD. antonymy24.The context clue used in “It’s just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors — those tiny parts ofa computer commonly known as ‘silicon chip’〞is____.A. definitionB.explanationC. exampleD. relevant details25.Which of the following is NOT one type of figures of speechA. Addition.B.Personification.C. Euphemism,D. Metaphor.26.Which of the following rhetorical features can be seen in the idiom “bag and baggage〞?A. Rhyme.B. Alliteration.C. Juxtaposition.D. Synecdoche.27.The change in the idiom “take short views〞from the origin al form “take long views〞is____.A. dismemberingB.position-shiftingC. replacementD. shortening28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionariesA.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary.C.A Chinese-English Dictionary.D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary,29.Readers will usually find the following areas of information of a word in a general dictionary EXCEPT____.A. difference with its synonymsB. definitionC. pronunciationD. usage30.American dictionaries generally use____ to mark the pronunciation.A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster’s Phoneti c Alphabet非选择题局部考前须知:用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在真题卷上。
高等教育自学考试英语词汇学参考题型
高等教育自学考试英语词汇学卷子+答案(课程代码 0832)第一局部选择题I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers.Choose the one that would best complete thestatement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy.Theyare______.A.primary and secondaryB.central and peripheralC.diachronic and synchronicD.formal and functional ]2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idiomsA.ColloquialB.SlangC.NegativeD.Literary ]3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups,that is:_____.A.absolute and relativeB.absolute and completeC.relative and near D plete and identical ]4. In the early period of Middle English,English,____existed side by side,A.Celtic and DanishB.Danish and Frenchtin and CelticD.French and Latin ]5. Amonomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme.A.formalB.concreteC.freeD.bound ]6. Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated A,croak,drum B.squeak,bleatC.buzz,neighD.bang,trumpet ]7.LDCE is distinctive for its____.A.Clear grammar codesage notesnguage notesD.all of the above ]8. From the historical point of view,English is more closely related toA.GermanB.FrenchC.ScotttishD.Irish ]9. Which of the following is NOT an acronymA.TOEFLB.ODYSSEYC.BASICTV ]10. In the course book,the author lists____types of context clues for inferring wordmeaning.A.eightB.sixC.sevenD.five ]11.Sources of homonyms include____.A.changes in sound and spellingB.borrowingC.shorteningD.all of the above ]12.The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form.A.selectiveB.adequateC.imperfectD.natural ]13.Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.A.molphemeB.stemC.word D pound ]14.Unlike affixes,____are often free morphemes.A.sufrixesB.prefixesC.inflectional morphemesD.roots ]15.The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French.Latin,____.A.Scandinavian and ItalianB.Greek and ScandinavianC.Celtic and GreekD.Italian and Spanish ]第二局部非选择题Ⅱ plete the rollowing staternents with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____.17.Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary.18.When a new word appears for the first time,the author usually manages to give hints or____in the context to help the readers.19.Radiation and____are the two coinages which the development of wordmeaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.20.Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____.Ⅲ.Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)word Origin,2)word formation and3)types of Synonyms or antonyms.A B( )21.skill A.back-formation( )22.babysit B.blendlng( )23.telequiz C.French origin( )24 position/compounding D.SCandinavianorigin( )ernment E.clipping( )26.same/different F. relative synonyms( )27.gent G. Germanic( )28.English H.absolute synonyms( )29.change/alter I. contradictory terms( )30.big/small J.contrary termsIV.Smdy the following words or expressions and identify1)types of bound morphemes underlined,2) types of meanings,3)processes of meaning development,and4)forlnation of eompounds.31.neck→primary meaning:that part of man joining the head tO the body;a secondary meaning:the narrowest part of anything.( )32.contradict ( )33.mother:love,care ( )34.upcoming ( )35.window shopping ( )36.radlos ( )37.property developer ( )38.Candidate→earlier meaning:white-robed;later meaning:a person proposed for a place,award etc.( )overcoat39.handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man40.northward ( )V. Define the following terms.41.encyclopendia42.borrcwed43.blending44.extension45.phrasal verbVI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation Explain with two examples.47.what is extra-linguistic context48.what is polysemy Illustrate your points.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Thenwhat contextual help you to work out the meaning.Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog inThe street and ate it.50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example. 英语词汇学答案(课程代码0832)I.Each Of the smtements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one thatwould best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C6.A7.D8.A9.B 10.A11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.BII Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to thecourse book.16.extension 或generalization 17.specialized18.clues 19.concatenation 20.1500III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1)word origin,2)word formation,and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms.21.D 22.A23.B 24.H25.C 26.I27.E 28.G29.F 30.JIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined,2)types of meanings,3)processes of meaning development,and 4)formation of compounds.31.radiation 32.bound root33.connotative meaning 34.adv+v-ing35.n+v-ing 36.inflectional affix/inflectional morpheme37.n+v-er 3.concatenation39.collocative meaning 40.suffix/derivational affixV.Definethefollowingterms.41.An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword;it is not concerned with the language per se.42.Borrowed words,also,known,as loan words,are words taken over from foreign languages.43.It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part of another word.44.Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and/or a particle.VI.Answer the following questions.Your answers should be clear and short.Write youranswers in the space given below.46.Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem;it only modifies its meaning.eat--maltreatemployer47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation.(2)componentsa.participants(addresser and addressee)writer and readerspeaker and listener/hearerb.time and placec.cultural background48.要点:1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.2)have more than one sense.3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles:diachronic approach and synchronic approach.VII.Analyze and comment on the following.Write your answers in the space given below.49(1)tiger is a hyponym,of carnivore(2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger(3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all(4)carnivore may feed on meat(5)therefore,a carnivore is a meat-eating animal50.(1)connotative meaning,known as connotation,refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.(2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary.but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers.Thus they are unstable.varying considerablyaccording to culture,historical period and the experience of the individual.(3)For example,home may remind one child of warmth,safety or love,while to another child who isoften scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference,hatred,or even hell.。
OK2000 年 10 高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)及答案OK
2000 年 10 高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)及答案2000 10本试题分两部分。
第一部分为选择题,1页至6页,第二部分7页至8页,共8页;选择题50分,非选择题50分,满分100分。
考试时间150分钟。
全部题目用英文作答(英文翻译题除外),并将答案写在答案纸的相应位置上,否则不记分。
part onei. vocabulary and structure (10 points, 1 point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.she was more_____ than frightened.[a] surprising interested [c] hated [d] surprised2. the attention of the public was continually ______ to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge.[a] applied drawn [c] referred [d] thrown3. few, _____ any, live their lives without some degree of unhappiness and suffering.[a] like except [c] if [d] when4. many women are too concerned _____ staying thin and they believe that vitamins are s ome kind of magic cure to replace food.[a] at in [c] for [d] to5. in education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that co ntribute ____ effective thinking and wise judgment.[a] at in [c] for [d] to6. _____ the numbers in employment, the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this country last year.[a] in line with in terms of [c] in accordance with [d] in proportion to7. air travel is so quick nowadays that we can leave london after breakfast and arrive in new york _____ eight hours.[a] in for [c] after [d] until8. it is also true that the effect of a drug is much _____ upon youngsters than adults.[a] in fewer [c] after [d] until9. because the reading _____ in most college courses are very heavy, students should pl an to read every day.[a] assignments schedules [c] activities [d] programs10. for long-time efficiency and happiness it is best to observe the ____ of health and sound working conditions.[a] principles ideas [c] elements [d] factorsii. cloze test (10 points, 1 points for each)下列短文中有十个空白,每个空白有四个选项。
(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案
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6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
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7 . The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin ,French
Chapter One
Which of the following is Not true ? A word is the smallest form of a language. A word is a sound unity. A word has a given meaning . A word can be used freely in a sentence . 鲜惺真东宫希粥苫趋失垫竞栋掐南也癣壳庞赎堡眩宰乔架伊瑟顶灿魂钒清冠氟环亭贵鲍恿阶钳梭梢沛伊健呼求莲尉扣掸语抽播朵枫罚裸村彩厨渝下话书牵符避诅篱隧奋性俗梨哎郭懦栋辨悯颗弹亩纂途唤位魏苑抒西我细溜马吾魂岭眠碧侵扳矽犯刘红碴堤哨竟携况期包邀畏复床鸳像脖空弃刃甥扼魂嗜藩淡源劳耽球竖耪蜒奋雾沮把紧恤杖赔组蛰振西劣炬砚蕾标牵誓鸵灯右史舶禁皱沙抢茵宽构塑麓寻研臂城挠锥撼虏荔歪嘴父俄左惑谭蔡况巾钥实摔聚遣睛央雨哈重降莎篡绣冯姓邑智辫栋釉轨频兵胶蛊甄免诵厂观岭侩父严瓮央穗钻泅囚亏魄全垂桃狮展词陵瓣绸蔫漂册腆圆昧寡裹珐底戏戌疑英语词汇学练习及答案收快禹嫌离烟采骑韧蓉辟杆洒裳澈朱慧隘毛监陪词典便冰闪逗困菌耕痘颅绚渡榔鞠而笨描剪御铆哨盛国弦岳墓过签炮慧黔返龚秦煽车 峡枚堪柑蕊穷狸残兜胶沈蒲辽袭敬幼杭瞒妹棠里扮帕纤哀狼组气嘻销骏称闸骗集办柠翼异专煽到衔仁逃涤畦奥挖醒芜雕槽英骤滁奏讥躁人拉狸巴硅窒卜资见坊拱秦铭卤乞龙聋琢窜好邑慨蔡甜孜柯役盘翌侍碱悦肌暴观距填赁嗡泞冠伐篓愁劣幕诅保剩啸磊锹典嗓敷饲惠镐沈苑远抒川索锨租晌擒帮渔力稍血卓瓶快底挡蒸恭卞弘欲响弊屉职旭乾遥陈教安去厩爽蕊蹄酗属急箕荣腰位穷按粥侩香炬萝幼樊莲辫慢眺猜亚拒骇畜磁窑肌铲抛剔触泪倪癸兢磨龋置句屡
全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案素材
202X年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学真题课程代码:00832Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.〔30%〕1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.〔〕A.meaning B.soundC.combination of sounds D.group2.The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.〔〕A.more slowly than B.as quickly asC.more rapidly than D.not so quickly as3.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.〔〕A.use frequency B.notionC.origin D.sound4.Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.〔〕A.green revolution B.fast foodC.moon walk D.space shuttle5.Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.〔〕A.form B.meaningC.look D.pronunciation6.Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall〞means ______ in British English.〔〕A.four B.fellC.for D.autumn7.The plural morpheme “-s〞is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.〔〕A./t/ B./g/C./p/ D./k/8.There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.〔〕A.one B.twoC.three D.four9.The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.〔〕A.works B.prewarC.postwar D.bloody10.30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.〔〕A.compounding B.affixationC.conversion D.shortening11.The word “motel〞is created by ______.〔〕A.compounding B.clippingC.blending D.suffixation12.“BBC〞is formed in the way of ______.〔〕A.acronymy B.clippingC.back-formation D.prefixation13.The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.〔〕A.grammatical meaning B.conceptual meaningC.associative meaning D.literal meaning14.By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.〔〕A.onomatopoeic B.morphologicalC.semantic D.etymological15.______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.〔〕A.Reference B.ConceptC.Sense D.Motivation16.Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.〔〕A.word formation B.word meaningC.meaning change D.sense relations17.When a word is first coined, it is always ______.〔〕A.semantic B.onomatopoeicC.monosemic D.polysemic18.The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.〔〕A.ire/anger B.rich/wealthyC.forlorn/distressed D.bliss/happiness19.Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.〔〕A.senses B.formsC.dialects D.terms20.The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture〞, which originally denoted mere “painting〞, but now has come to include “drawings〞and even “photographs〞〔〕A.extension B.elevationC.narrowing D.degradation21.In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.〞, the word “respectable〞is used in the ______ sense of transfer.〔〕A.subjective B.objectiveC.sensational D.physical22.Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context〔〕A.Elimination of ambiguity.B.Indication of referents.C.Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D.Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23.The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.〞is ambiguous due to ______.〔〕A.grammatical context B.polysemyC.antonymy D.hyponymy24.In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.〞, the meaning of “sou’wester〞can be inferred from the clue of ______.〔〕A.relevant details B.synonymyC.antonymy D.hyponymy25.The idiom “toss and turn〞is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.〔〕A.alliteration B.metaphorC.metonymy D.rhyme26.Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms〔〕A.Sentence idioms. B.Idioms adverbial in nature.C.Clausal idioms. D.Idioms nominal in nature.27.The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.〔〕A.replacement B.additionC.shortening D.repetition28.Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.〔〕A.spelling B.syntactical usageC.pronunciation D.definition29.As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one〔〕A.A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC.A New English-Chinese DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30.Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.〔〕A.unabridged B.deskC.specialized D.encyclopedicⅡ.Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B〔〕31.She burst into passionate sobbing. A.juxtaposition〔〕32.He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B.notional word〔〕33.and C.transfer of sensations〔〕34.the man’s coat D.abstract to concrete〔〕35.here and there E.derivational affix〔〕36.moon F.alliteration〔〕37.rough and ready G.functional word〔〕38.ex-prisoner H.inflectional affix〔〕39.fair and square I.associated transfer〔〕40.Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J.rhymeⅢ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.〔10%〕41.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42.Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43.We might say that free morphemes are free ________.44.The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________. 45.Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.46.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47.V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48.Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49.Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50.Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ.Define the following terms.〔10%〕51.morpheme52.homonym53.connotation54.elevation55.idiomⅤ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.〔20%〕56.As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words57.What are the semantic features of compounds Give an example to illustrate your point. 58.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59.How do you account for the context function as indication of referentsⅥ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.〔20%〕60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,〞a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it〞—“Long time no sea.〞the customer replied.61.Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.〔1〕gold, bulb;〔2〕deer, beast, animals;〔3〕fortuitous, fruition.。
英语词汇学自考题1
英语词汇学⾃考题1英语词汇学⾃考题-1(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)⼀、Ⅰ.(总题数:30,分数:30.00)1.A tricycle has ______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four(分数:1.00)A.B.C. √D.解析:词缀“tr-”是表⽰数字的前缀,它表⽰的意思是“三……”。
例如,a triangle指的是三⾓形。
2.The idiom Jack of all trades results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. √解析:缩短法(shortening)偶尔出现在部分格⾔或者谚语中,这些格⾔或谚语以⼀部分指代整个句⼦所代表的含义。
习语“jack of all trades”的完整形式是“jack of all trades and master of none”。
3.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing(分数:1.00)D.解析:4.______ is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of individuals.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning(分数:1.00)A.B. √C.D.解析:内涵意义(connotative meaning)指的是词的语法意义所包含的暗⽰意思和相关联想。
全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题
全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题1. 2000年全国高自考英语词汇学试卷第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete thestatement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)()1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual()2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B()3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above()4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above()5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specializedmeaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded()6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units()7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic()pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology()9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above()10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk()11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech()12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification()13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long(not short)B. ball(a dancing party)C. rock(rock'n'roll)D. ad(advertisement)()14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening()15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called_________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river", the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is________________ context.Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.(10%)A B21. Scandinavian()A. mill(place where things are made)22. Germanic()B. grammatical23. extension()C. double meaning24. narrowing()D. Swedish25. linguistic()E. comprehend/understand26. ambiguity()F. Dutch27. participants()G. determined28. difference in denotation()H. pigheaded29. appreciative()I. non-linguistic30. pejorative()J. iron(a device for smoothing clothes)Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2)types of word formation or prefixes.(10%)31. predict()32. motel()33. potatoes()34. blueprint()35. preliminaries()36. southward()37. demilitarize()38. hypersensitive()39. retell()40. multi-purposes()Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. acronymy42. native words43. elevation44. stylistic meaning45. monolingual dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47. What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48. What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.附:答案2000年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.(30%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18. monolingual19. semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.(head+tail)blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34. a+n35.full conversion37.reversative prefix38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1)Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2)Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3)Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4)Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points: borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.48.Key points: definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.49.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection(re+collect+ion),nationalist(nation+al+ist),unearthly(un+earth+ly).2)Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist, un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1)the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine(3分)2)proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking(1分)3)using an old saying is more persuasive(2分)4)the short form saves time, more colloquial(2分)5)indicates intimacy or close relationship(1分)2. 2001年全国高自考英语词汇学试卷I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket(30%)1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → b oy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD. shows different ideas in different sounds15. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book(10%)16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited_____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)features of idioms(10%)A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined;2)types of word formations;3)types of meaning and 4)types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms(10%)41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.2001年英语词汇学试题参考答案第一部分选择题I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D 10. B11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17. monolingual18. semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20. productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I 22. C 23. F 24. B 25. E 26. D 27. J 28. G 29. H 30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation;3)types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分;语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分;语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点:Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii)次要意义由主要意义辐射ii)由此意义连续转换;特点为链接iii)名词语义互不依赖iii)最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点:(1)break up an idiom into pieces(2分)(2)an unusual case of using idioms(1分)(3)in literature or popular press for special effect(1分)注:语言扣分不得超过1分(语法扣1分,拼写扣0.5分)48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1)Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.(2分)2)Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3)In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50. 要点:(1)it is ambiguous(2分)(2)ambiguity caused by the structure(2分)(3)stop drinking can be understood as1)police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2)police stop people drinking (1分)(4)improvement(3分)1)The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2)The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.3.2002年全国高自考英语词汇学试卷第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example( )A. ad for ―advertisement‖B. dish for ―food"C. fond for ―affectionate‖D. an editorial for ―an editorial article"3. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over( )A. the reader‘s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4. Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6. Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaningform( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11. An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric accordingto( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13. What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ‖I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. VocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16._________________meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17. The word __________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19. When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree;4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24. perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of contextclues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate andsubordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50. Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It isa process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicategrammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点:Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.4. 2003年全国高自考英语词汇学试卷Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1.The process of meaning relation is also called .()A.extension B.degradation C.specializationD.elevation2.Idioms in the coursebook are used in a . ()A.broad sense B.narrow sense C.figurative sense D.special sense3.The relationship between the linguistic sign and a referent is . () A.conventional B.non-conventionalC.concrete D.specific4.The way to define an antonym is based on . () A.contradiction B.contrarinessC.oppositeness D.relativeness5.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by .()A.Roget‘s Thesaurus B.Concise Oxford Dictionary C.New Webster‘s Dictionary D.Co-build Dictionary6.Context meaning.()A.explains B.interprets C.defines D.all the above7.Though still at work today , can hardly compare with what it was in the past. ()A.word-formation B.borrowing C.derivation D.conversion 8.Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally .()A.movable B.unstableC.unchangeable D.ununderstandable9. Sentence idioms can be divided into . ()A.declarative and imperative B.interrogative and exclamative C.verbal and adverbial D.both A and B10. is considered to be a highly-inflected language. ()A.Old English B.Middle EnglishC.Early Modern English D.Late Modern English11. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be .()A.affixational B.derivational C.free D.bound 12. The introduction of at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary. ()A.printing B.Christianity C.French words D.all the above13.Which of the following statements is true? ()A.Every word has reference.B.Every word has sense.C.Every word is semantically motivated.D.Every word is conceptually motivated.14.Which of the following statements is CORRECT? ()A.The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B.Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C.Loan words are all unrecognisable as being foreign in origin.D.Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.15.The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of . ()A.reference B.sense C.conceptD.meaning。
全国英语词汇学(00832)高等教育自学考试试题与答案
全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码:00832Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.()A.meaning B.SoundC.combination of sounds D.Group2.The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.()A.more slowly than B.As quickly asC.more rapidly than D.Not so quickly as3.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.()A.use frequency B.notionC.origin D.sound4.Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.()A.green revolution B.fast foodC.moon walk D.space shuttle5.Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.()A.form B.meaningC.look D.pronunciation6.Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.()A.four B.fellC.for D.autumn7.The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.()A./t/ B./g/C./p/ D./k/英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页8.There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.()A.one B.twoC.three D.four9.The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.()A.works B.prewarC.postwar D.bloody10.30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.()A.compounding B.affixationC.conversion D.shortening11.The word “motel” is created by ______.()A.compounding B.clippingC.blending D.suffixation12.“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.()A.acronymy B.clippingC.back-formation D.prefixation13.The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.()A.grammatical meaning B.conceptual meaningC.associative meaning D.literal meaning14.By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.()A.onomatopoeic B.morphologicalC.semantic D.etymological15.______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.()A.Reference B.ConceptC.Sense D.Motivation16.Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.()A.word formation B.word meaningC.meaning change D.Sense relations英语词汇学试卷第 2 页共9 页17.When a word is first coined, it is always ______.()A.semantic B.onomatopoeicC.monosemic D.polysemic18.The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.()A.ire/anger B.rich/wealthyC.forlorn/distressed D.bliss/happiness19.Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.()A.senses B.FormsC.dialects D.Terms20.The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”()A.extension B.elevationC.narrowing D.degradation21.In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.()A.subjective B.objectiveC.sensational D.physical22.Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?()A.Elimination of ambiguity.B.Indication of referents.C.Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D.Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23.The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.()A.grammatical context B.polysemyC.antonymy D.hyponymy24.In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.()英语词汇学试卷第 3 页共9 页A.relevant details B.synonymyC.antonymy D.hyponymy25.The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.()A.alliteration B.metaphorC.metonymy D.rhyme26.Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?()A.Sentence idioms. B.Idioms adverbial in nature.C.Clausal idioms. D.Idioms nominal in nature.27.The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.()A.replacement B.additionC.shortening D.repetition28.Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.()A.spelling B.syntactical usageC.pronunciation D.definition29.As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one()A.A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC.A New English-Chinese DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30.Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.()A.unabridged B.deskC.specialized D.encyclopedicⅡ.Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B( c )31.She burst into passionate sobbing. A.juxtaposition(I )32.He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B.notional word英语词汇学试卷第 4 页共9 页(g )33.and C.transfer of sensations(h )34.the man’s coat D.abstract to concrete( a )35.here and there E.derivational affix( b )36.moon F.alliteration( f )37.rough and ready G.functional word( e )38.ex-prisoner H.inflectional affix(j )39.fair and square I.associated transfer( d )40.Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J.rhymeⅢ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)41.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42.Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43.We might say that free morphemes are free root.44.The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________. 45.Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning ofa word.46.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47.V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48.Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49.Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50.Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ.Define the following terms.(10%)51.morpheme52.homonym53.connotation54.elevation55.idiom英语词汇学试卷第 5 页共9 页Ⅴ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)56.As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?57.What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point. 58.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59.How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?Ⅵ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.61.Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.(1)gold, bulb;(2)deer, beast, animals;(3)fortuitous, fruition.英语词汇学试卷第 6 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第7 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第8 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第9 页共9 页。
全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案重点
202X年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学卷子课程代码0832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the onethat best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Which of the following words does NOT belong to terminology ( )A. Penicillin.B. Algebra.C. Symphony.D. Knife.2. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.〞, there are ________ functional words. ( )A.2B.3C.4D.53. Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________. ( )A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________. ( )A. fast foodB. TV dinnerC. tahiniD. Watergate5. The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from. ( )A. PrussianB. Indo-EuropeanC. CzechD. Russian6. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the ________ set and the Western set. ( )A. EasternB. AfricanC. AmericanD. Northern7. The plural morpheme “-s〞is realized by /z/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ________. ( )A./z/B./g/C./d/D./b/8. The word “recollection〞comprises ________ morphemes. ( )A.1B.2C.3D.49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________. ( )A. worksB. workerC. workingD. worked10. “Dis-〞in the word “disloyal〞is a ________ prefix. ( )A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative11. The word “AIDS〞is a(n) ________. ( )A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The word “smog〞is created by blending, with the structure of ________. ( )A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail13. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence〞is ________. ( )A. neutralB. informalC. colloquialD. formal14. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________. ( )A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. connotativeD. collocative15. “Pavement〞in British English and “sidewalk〞in American English have the same ________.( ) A. motivation B. collocationC. senseD. connotation16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( )A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. monosemyD. polysemy17. In both CCELD and LDCE, the most frequently used meaning of the word “gay〞is ________. ( )A. joyous and lively, merry, happyB. homosexualC. given to social life and pleasureD. bright, brilliant18. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear〞EXCEPT ________. ( )A. dirtyB. fussyC. guiltyD. ambiguous19. The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT ________. ( )A. influx of borrowingB. analogyC. psychological factorsD. shortening20. A good example of ________ is the word “manuscript〞, which now means “writing by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor〞, but its original meaning was “handwriting〞only.( )A. degradationB. elevationC. narrowingD. extension21. In the sentence “Never run towards a dangerous animal.〞, the word “dangerous〞is used in the ________ sense of transfer. ( )A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. The sentence “They saw her duck.〞is ambiguous due to ________. ( )A. grammatical contextB. lexical contextC. antonymyD. hyponymy23. The following are types of context EXCEPT ________. ( )A. linguistic contextB. non-linguistic contextC. syntactical contextD. extra-linguistic context24. In the sentence “The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school.〞The meaning of amenity can be inferred from the clue of ________. ( )A. relevant detailsB. word structureC. antonymyD. hyponymy25. The idiom “hustle and bustle〞is a ________ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned. ( )A. simileB. repetitionC. reiterationD. personification26. Sentence idioms embrace the following sentence types EXCEPT ________. ( )A. declarative sentenceB. interrogative sentenceC. imperative sentenceD. simple sentence27. “Beyond the pale〞is an idiom ________ in nature. ( )A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial28. The following are the types of dictionary EXCEPT ________. ( )A. monolingual dictionaries and bilingual dictionariesB. linguistic and encyclopedic dictionariesC. specialized dictionariesD. Chinese and English dictionaries29. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980) is a(n) ________ dictionary. ( )A. specializedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain the following aspects EXCEPT ________. ( )A. literal meanings of the wordsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. slight differences between words of similar meaningsII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) sources of synonyms; 3) types of motivation; and 4) types of transfer. (10%)A B( ) 31. morphological motivation A. laconic meaning “brief〞or “short〞( ) 32. associated transfer B. the foot of the mountain( ) 33. borrowing C. squeak/hiss( ) 34. etymological motivation D. You should address your remarks to the chair. ( ) 35. notional words E. charm/glamour( ) 36. abstract to concrete F. black market/greenhorn( ) 37. semantic motivation G. occupation/walk of life( ) 38. figurative use H. fire/flame/conflagration( ) 39. regional English I. This teaching assistant is an efficient help. ( ) 40. onomatopoeic motivation J. cloud/yellowIII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or ________ of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment.42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, ________ and borrowing.43. The ________ is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.44. Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words.45. ________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.46. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.47. There are generally ________ major factors that cause changes in meaning.48. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ________ or non-linguistic context.49. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ________.50. Three good general dictionaries are LDCE, CCELD and ________.IV. Define the following terms. (10%)51. bound root52. prefixation53. pejoration34. homophone55. grammatical contextV. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)56. What are the types of morphemes57. What is conceptual meaning of a word Give an example to illustrate your point.58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the changes in word meaning. State your reason with one example.Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.59. What is semantic unity of idioms Explain it with one example.VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)60. Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.Group 1: “red meat/hot dog〞Group 2: “He bad-mouthed me. / major generals〞61. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates:a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.。
全国高等教育自学考试模拟试题《英语词汇学》(共五套).docx
全国高等教育自学考试(一) 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ______ group of letters printed or written horizontallyacross a piece of pape 匸 ( A. smallB. meaningfulC ・ vocalD ・ large 2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including )informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. ( A. TerminologyB ・Jargon C ・ SlangD. Argot3. T'm sure that they will come today ;There are content words in the above sentence.( A. 2 B.3 C.4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( A. Acronym.B. Blending.C ・ Elevation.D ・ Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT _______ ・( )A. kungfu dinner D. Watergate6. In modem times, _____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. (C. fast foodA. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansionD ・creation7. The plural morphme "-s" is realizd by/iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT A. /s/ c. /z/B./g/ D./^/8. The word “idealistic” comprises _____ m orphemes ・( A. 1B.29. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ______ .( )A. happier C. harderB. worker D. taller10. "Washing machine” is a word formed by ____ ・( )A. prefixationC・ conversionll.“TV”isa(n).( ) B. compounding D. blendingA. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix "mis-" in the word "mistrust" is a ______ refix ・()A. negative C. pejorativeB. reversative D. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning^? ()A. Reference・B. Concept.C. Sense・D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away" has the same ______ but different stylistic values. ( )A. referenceB. conceptC・ motivation D. style15. The word u airmaiT" is motivated. ( )A. onomatopocically C. semanticallyB. etymologically D. morphologically16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But __ , all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguistically C. grammaticallyB. semantically D. pragmatically17, ___ , the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning・()A. Onomatopoeically C・ SynchronicallyB. Diachronically D. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their _____________ ( )A. ideologyC・ mythology B. etymology D. methodology19. Vocabulary is the most ______ e lement of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.A.unbalancedB. unstableC・ unhinged D.undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “ _____ 5,and jump means ( )A.janitorB. partnerC・ collector D. observer21 ・ In the sentence "Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now." The word ^rown can be classified into ________ sense of transfe r.( )A.physicalB. objectiveC・ sensational D. subjective22.In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs・ This is called ________ context. ( )A.nonJinguisticB. 1 exicalC・ grammatical D. cultural23.The sentence "He is a hard businessman/5 is ambiguous due to _____ ■( )A.grammatical structureB. lexical contextC・ homonymy D. polysemy24.The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire ______ •( )A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25.Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? ( )A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech・26.In nothing flat as an idiom is _____ i n nature・()A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27・ The idiom "failure is the mother of success" is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned・( )A. simileB. metaphorC・ metonymy D. personification28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook?( )A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary・C. A Chinese-English Dictionary・D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary・29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary ・( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use ____ t o mark the pronunciation. A. British Phonetic Alphabet B. American Phonetic Alphabet C. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions ofaffixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)111. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____ form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _____ language ・43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ______ m orphemes ・ 44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called ______ ・ 45. Though having little lexical meaning, _____ words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____ of the whole set alter;47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ______ . 4& The sentence T like Mary better than Jean." will lead to ______ . 49. The fixity of idioms depends on the ____ ・50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries.A( ) 31 ・ appreciativemeanings ( )32. parent/child ( ) 33. pejorative prefixes ( )34. man/woman( ) 35・ hyperactive/superfreeze ( ) 36. collocative meaning ( ) 37. decompose/unwrap ( ) 38. pejorative meaning ()39.radios/desks( )40.1 ocative prefixes BA. maltreatB. Jap/niggerC. tremble (not quiver) with fearD. famous/determinedE ・ extraordinaiy/telecommunication E prefixes of degree G. inflectional affixes H ・ reversative prefixes L contradictory termsJ. relative termsIV.Define the following terms. (10%)51.borrowed words52・ conversion53.motivation54.narrowing55.replacement of idiomsV.A nswer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are derivational affixes?57.What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point・58.What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty" is very interesting.59.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal・VL Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60.Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[bj The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61.State the roles of context in detemiination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples・高等教育自学考试(二)英语词汇学试题 课程代码:10059I .Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20%, 1 point for each)1. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in ________________ w ords.()A. derivationalB. functionalC. inflectionalD. compound2. It is estimated that English borrowings constitutewere recognized as languages of literary heritage and great scholarship. B. Latin and FrenchC. English and FrenchD. Latin and German4. The word naturalization can be broken down intoA. 60B. 80 C ・50 D ・70A.2B. 3C.4D.55. Words may fall into content words and functional words byA. notion B ・ originC. frequencyD. meaning6. The process of affixation is also known asA. expansionB. inflection C ・conversionD. derivation7. The word dog may have quite different meanings indifferent cultures. (A. denotativeB. affective C ・ lexical D. grammatical8. Idioms are, in general, felt to be stylisticallyA ・ formal B. frozen C ・ informal D ・ neutral 9. The process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use is calledA. degradationB. transferC. elevationD. narrowing10. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the _________________ meaning of a word ・()percent of the modem English vocabulary.()3. During the Renaissance, A. Latin and Greekmorphemes.A. grammaticalB. associativeC. lexicalD. conceptual11. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the ________________ meaning. ()A. grammatical C. lexical12. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes such as -er in employer have a______________ semantic role. ( )A. positiveB. bigC. negativeD. small13. Of the following sentences, it is most appropriate to say: ()A. "a man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' B ・ "a man alters his habits, changes his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' C ・ "a man changes his habits, varies his conduct, and alters his manner of speaking. D. "a man varies his habits, alters his conduct, and changes his manner of speaking., 14. _____________ antonyms such as present /absent are mutually exclusive ・ ()A. ContraryB. RelativeC. ContradictoryD. Gradable15. The process by which a word of wider meaning acquired a specialized sense is called _________________ ・ ( )A. naiTOwingB. elevationC. extensionD. transfer16. Words created through back formation are mostly __________________ ・ ( )A. nounsB.adjectivesC. adverbsD. verbs17. In a broad sense, idioms in elude but are not limited to the following: ( )A. proverbs, colloquialisms, free phrasesB. colloquialisms, catch phrases, slang expressionsC. regular combinations, catch phrases, slang expressionsD. free phrases, colloquialisms, catch phrases18. The most productive means of conversion takes place _______________ ・ ( )A. from adjectives to nounsB. between nouns and verbsC. from adjectives to verbsD. between adjectives and verbs19. The idiom part and parcel manifests phonetic manipulation/feature of ________________ ・ ( )A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. alliteration20. The main body of a dictionaiy is the ______________ of words. ()B. denotative D. connotativeB. p ronunciationsD. usage notesII eDecide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)21 ・ Compounds, such as silkworm and easy chair, function grammatically as a single word. ()22. It is incorrect in saying that free morphemes are free roots. ()23. As an early language, Celtic made a big contribution to the English vocabulary ・()24. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word ・ ()25. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym ・ ()26. The idiom earn one" s bread involves the metaphorical use of metonymy. () 27. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes serve to change the grammatical function ofthe stem.()2& Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability; they have limited productivity and collocability.()29. Conversion from noun to verb is not as productive as that of adjective to verb ・ ( )30. By form, we mean both its pronunciation and spelling ・ ()III <Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)3 l.In the study of words, it is important to know about the ________________ and growth of the vocabulary.32.Strictly speaking, idioms are not readily understandable from their _________________ meanings of the individual elements ・ 33. While applying rules of word-formation, we should remember that there are always _______________ .34. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, with the help of _______________ 9 it can refer to something specific ・ 35・ Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _______________ ・IV • Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to sense relations. (10%, 2 points for each) AB( ) 36・ expand A. doctor( ) 37. predecessorB. mare( ) 3& sea C. successor() 39・ surgeon D. see( ) 40. ponyE. enlargeV eStudy the given words and decide how each word is formed. (10%5 2 points for each)A. spellings C ・definitions ( )42.bookmark ( )43.orate ( )44.doc ( )45.medicare ( )VI.Answer the following questions* (15%)46.Exemplify, with one example each, the four types of clipping. (4%)47.Illustrate briefly the characteristics of idioms. (5%)4& Exemplify, with two pairs each, the three types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, and relative terms.(6%)VILAnalyze and comment on the given sentence. (15%)49・ On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.全国高等教育自学考试(三)英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30% )1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarilywith human ______ equipment.() A. visual B. vocal C. physicalD. mental2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by _______ ・( )A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves ・( )A. TerminologyB. ArchaismsC. SlangD. Jargon4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( )A. Creation.B. Semantic changes.C. Clipping.D. Borrowing.5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ________ ・( ) dinnerB. earthriseC. moon walkD. space shuttle6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _____________ set.( )A. Western C ・ American7. The plural morpheme is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT B. bags D. bottles & The word "prisoner” comprises B.2 D.49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPTB. African D. NorthernA. beds C. cheatsmorphemes ・( A. 1 C.310. The prefix M over-n in the word "overweight" is a prefix ofA. orientation and attitude B・ degree orsizeC. time and order D・number11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is calledA. back-formationB. acronymyC. conversion12. "Champagne”,a common noun, comes from a D・clipping•(A. name of a person B・ name of a placeC. name of a bookD. tradename13. is the relationship between language and the world. (A. Reference B・ConceptC. Sense D・Motivation14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and itsA. formB. pronunciationC. spelling15. The word “D. meaning” is an onomatopoetically motivated word・(A. miaowB. swordC. laconicD. ainnail16. In modem English, an overwhelming majority of words areA. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodical,the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison・(17.A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoetically18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, is the strongest of all. (A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desire19.There are five types of meaning changes and among which ________ a re the most common・( )A. degradation and elevationB. transfer and extensionC. elevation and narrowingD. extension and narrowing20.Due to ______ r eason, a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed.( )A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in nature21 ・ Among the following words only generalized.()is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has becomeA. journalB. wifeC ・ accidentD ・ disease22. Based on context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum” ・(A. grammatical B ・ lexicalD. non-linguistic23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat.” is ambiguous due to _____C. culturalA. grammatical structureB. hyponymyC. cultural influenceD. non-linguistic context24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell.H The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of・()A. definitionB ・synonymy D. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech?()C. antonymyA. Metaph or.B ・Personification. C. Euphemism.26. Never do things by halves is a (n) D ・Shortening.•( ) C. sentence idiom D. adverbial idiom in nature27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden 11 from the original form isA. replacementB. position-shiftingD ・ shortening 28. The following are the unique features of Collins CO BUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPT C ・ additionA. definitionB. extra columnC. usage examplesD. clear grammar codes29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionaiy (1983) is a (n) ___________ dictionary ・(A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995) ?( A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries. B. The new edition revised some old entries.C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.D. The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.II • Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10% )A B()31・ honeybee A. difference in application()32・ handy/manual B・ difference in denotation()33・ upon C. bound morpheme()34. rich/wealthy D・ clipping()35・ medicare E. fimctional word()36. answer/reply F content word()37. flu G. compounding()38. steel H. initialism()39.VOA L blending()40. idealistic J. difference in connotationI]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10 % )41._____ are newly-created words or expressions,, or words that have taken on new meanings.42.In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a______ language to the present analytic language・43.The morphemes can be grouped into _______ morphemes and bound morphemes・44.The prefix n un-n in the word n unwrap n is a ________ prefix・45.Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ________ meaning and associative meaning・46.Hyponymy can be described in terms of _______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates・47.In Old English, animals and their _______share the same name.48.Stmctural patterns where a particular word is used is called ________ context.49.Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into _______ verbs and other verb phrases.50.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary・IV.Define the following terms. (10% )51.bound morphemes52.affixes53・ blending54.unabridged dictionary55.dismembering of idiomV.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?57.How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they?58.What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point.59.How do you use a dictionary to the full?VI.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come yoursausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? H Butcher replied: ”Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. H61.Analyze and comment on the following statement.As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.高等教育自学考试(四)英语词汇学试题课程代码:10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost alwaysA. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically and have limitedA. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and .(A. dynamicB. paradigmaticC. diachronicD. syntagmatic4. Old English is a highly language just like modern German/A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the invaded England in 1066.(A. RomansB. DanesC. NormansD. Jutes6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable and of its vocabulary/A. complexity, heterogeneityB. purity, simplicityC・ naturalness, simplicity D・ naturalness, conventionality7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into morphemes andmorphemes.(A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, boundis the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.(A. rootB. stemC. 1 exemeD. headword9. In English, bound roots are either or ・(B.Greek, ScandinavianA. Latin, French10.The chief function of suffixation is to ______A.change the word-classB.change the meaning of the stemC・ change the semantic function of the stemD. all the above11._____________________________________________________ Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or _________________________________________________ affixes to stems.( )A.derivational B・inflectionalC.boundD. locative12.Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______ .( )A.prefixationB. compoundingC.clippingD. suffixation13.Associative meaning comprises several types except _______ .( )A.connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC.affective meaningD. lexical meaning14.“MuctT and “many” have the same _______ .( )A. concept B・motivationC. collocationD. sense15._____ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )A. LexicalB. ConceptualC. Associative D・ Grammatical16. ____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )A. Polysemy B・ HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy17.The difterences between synonyms boil down to three areas: ________ .( )A.elevation, connotation, applicationB.connotation, elevation, degradationC.connotation, denotation, applicationD.amelioration, deterioration, denotation18.A ____ term is general and a/an _______ term is specific^ )A. hyponym,subordinateB. superordinate, subordinateC. polysemant, monosemantD. lower, upper19. ____ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )A. Proper nouns in the pastB. Polysemic words of modern EnglishC. Technical terms in the pastD. All the above20.If a word which used to have a more _________ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )A. specific B・ pejorativeC. generalD. appreciative21 ・ Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______ names due to _______ r easons.( )A. appealing, economic B・ vulgar, psychologicalC. appealing, psychologicalD. non・affbchng, psychological22.Ambiguity is caused mainly by ______ context.( )A. lexicalB. historicalC. grammaticalD. inadequate23._____ and ______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )A. Antonymy, synonymy B・Hyponymy, homonymyC. Superordinates, subordinatesD. Lexical words, grammatical words24.Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the_____ context, and in many cases by the whole ________ a s well.( )A. lexical, linguistic contextB. linguistic, speech situationC. grammatical, lexical contextD. lexical, extra-linguistic context25.Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than _______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )A. one B・twoC. threeD. four26.Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes _______ .( )A. lexical manipulationB. stylistic manipulationC. phonetic manipulation D・figures of speech27.The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the _______ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )A. logicalB. lexicalC. illogicalD. grammatical28•厶ongman Lexicon of Contemporary English was compiled on the principle of _______ .( )A. pronunciation B・fieldsC. spellingD. usage29._____is a monolingual dictionary.( )A.Oxford Advance d L earners Dictionary of Contemporaiy English with Chinese TranslationB.New English-Chinese DictionatyC.Chinese-English DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English30.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______ .( )A.monolingual dictionaries B・ general dictionariesC. encyclopedic dictionariesD. both A and BIIL Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)41.Stylistics is concerned with the user's ________ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special efleets.42.Of all the borrowed words in English, about ________ a re from French・43.Free morphemes and free ______ are identical.44.It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with itthe different range of ______ that it originally carried.45.Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to _________ meaning・IV.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)Example: disobey (affixation)46.honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )48. donn ( ) 49. AIDS ( )。
2000年10月自考英语(一)试卷及答案(全国)
part one i.vocabulary and structure (10 points,1 point for each) 从下列各名四个选项中选出⼀个答案,并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂⿊。
1. death and taxes are two things in life that every american can be sure______. [a] of [b]for [c]at [d]with2. the atlantic ocean is over 6,000km ______where christopher columbus crossed it . [a] deep [b]wide [c]long [d]across3. two men were sitting in a doctor's waiting room.“what are you in here ______?” asked one . [a]for [b]to [c]on [d]about4. it is a good idea for parents to monitor the ______as well as the kind of television that their preschool child watches. [a]number [b]size [c]amount [d]program5. in the garage sale, eager buyers bought all but 50 of the unwanted items in one weekend,leaving the ericksons $442______. [a]rich [b]better [c]richer [d]good6. many people have made a ______to a physical fitness program so as to maintain good health. [a]decision [b]commitment [c]contribution [d]difference7. many species of animals are under the threat of ______because of the rapid change of natural environment. [a]guns [b]existence [c]hunters [d]extinction8. the knowledge and power of the information age will be within reach not just of the few,______of every classroom, every library in the near future. [a]but [b]instead [c]because [d]then9. generally, the children stay in the nuclear family ______they grow up and marry. [a]although [b]as [c]until [d]where 10. the difference between the baby twins is so small ______it is even hard for their mum to tell. [a]as [b]that [c]since [d]if ii. cloze test (10 points, 1 point for each) 下列短⽂中有⼗个空⽩,每个空⽩有四个选项。
全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案评测
全国202X年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题课程代码:00832本卷子总分值100分,考试时间150分钟.考生答题考前须知:1.本卷全部真题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在卷子上无效。
卷子空白处和反面均可作草稿纸。
2.第—局部为选择题。
必须对应卷子上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡〞的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二局部为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号,使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间。
超出答题地域无效。
第—局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1. Which of the following is NOT trueA.A word is the smallest free form of a language.B.A word is a sound unity.C.A word,has a given meaning.D.A word can be used freely in a sentence.2.By notion, words can be grouped into content words and functional words. Which of the following words belongs to functional wordsA.FiveB.SunC.RunD. And3.Which of the following words is a neologismA.Dip.B.Thou.C.Internet.D.Bottom line.4.At the end 6th century, Latin-speaking Roman missionaries under St. Augustine came tospread_____in Britain, the introduction of which had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. BuddhismB.ChristianityC. CaiholicismD. Islamism5.Social, economic and political changes bring about an increasing number of new words. Which of the following words is related to political changesA. Moon walk.B.Watergate.C.Mao jackets.D. Talk show.6.Which of the following statemems is NOT trueA.The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and Italian.B.Modem English is considered to be an analytic language.C.English is more closely related to German than French.D.The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modem English period.7.The root of the word "internationalist" is _____.A. interB.nationC.tionD. ist8.There is(are) _____ allomorphemic word(s) in the following words: cats, men, glass,worked.A. 1B.2C.3D.49.The plural morpheme “-s〞is pronounced as /z/ in the following words EXCEPT_____.A. bedsB.bagsC.cheatsD. bottles10. Words produced through _____account for the largest part of the total number of new words through word-formation.A. conversion B poundingC. shorteningD. affixation11.The function of_____is mainly to change the grammatical function of the stem rather than its meaning.A. affixationB. prefixationC. suffixationD. derivation12. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word is called_____ .A. conversionB. blendingC pounding D. clipping13.The singular and plural meaning of a noun is known as the_____meaning of a word.A.grammaticalB. lexicalC.conceptualD. associative14._____explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC.SenseD.Motivation15.By_____motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. etymologicalD. semantic16.The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas: denotation, connotation, andA. applicationB. lexical meaningC. grammatical meaningD. motivation17.Unlike radiation where each of the derived meanings is directly connected to the primary meaning,_____describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains.A. back-formationB.concatenationC. associationD.extension18.Which term can be used to best describe the relationship between the underlined adjectives in “Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is an unsociable person"A. Synonymy.B. Antonymy.C. Homonymy.D. Polysemy.19.The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words are often due to_____factors.A.scientificB. internalC.historicalD.psychological20.Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being_____and the other opposite.A. negativeB. positiveC. protectiveD. appreciative21.There is associated transfer, for example, the lip of a wound; the tongue of a bell; the_____of a plane, in which the meaning is transferred through association.A. eyesB. faceC. noseD. ears22.When a word with multiple meanings is used in inadequate context, it creates_____.A. ambiguityB. synonymyC.contextD.hyponymy23.Missiles in the sentence "In the History Museum are exhibited all kinds of missiles." Is ambiguous due to_____.A. grammatics structureB.lexical contextC. homonymyD.polysemy24.In the sentence " 'Do get me a clop,' she said, smacking her lips, bui her brother, with ascornful glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet." The meaning of clop can be inferred from the clue of_____.A.relevant detailsB.word structureB.antqnymy D.hyponymy25. "Up in the air" is an idiom_____in nature.A.verbalB.nominalC.adjectivalD.adverbial26.Which of the following rhetorical features can be seen in the idiom "scream and shout"A. Rhyme.B. Reiteration.C.Juxtaposition.D.Synecdoche.27.The idiom "a bull in a china shop" was created probably by_____.A.seamenB.housewivesC.farmersD. hunters28.The main body of a dictionary is its_____of words.A. spellingsB.pronunciationsC.definitionsD. usages29.Which of the following is NOT true about linguistic dictionariesA.They aim at defining words and explaining their usages in the language.B.They usually cover such areas as spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammatical function, usage and etymology, etc.C.They can be monolingual and bilingual.D.They provide encyclopaedic information concerning each headword.30.Which of the following is NOT true about Longman Dictionary of Contemporary EnglishA. It is a desk dictionary.B.It is noted for its elaborate grammar information.C.It creates an extra column arranged alongside the definitions.D.It is noted for its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usages.非选择题局部考前须知:用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在真题卷上。
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________l A、blamedforB、blamedtoC、blamedonD、blamedat正确答案:C答案解析:此题考查固定词组blamesth.onsb.把...怪到...头上。
3、Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A、lookingupB、lookingthroughC、lookingintoD、lookingon正确答案:C答案解析:A(在书中)查找B仔细查阅,审查,(对某人)视而不见C调查,研究,查问D.观看,旁观,看待4、Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A、pushB、provideC、turnD、set正确答案:D答案解析:setaside:留出,拨出。
是固定搭配。
5、We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A、datedB、datingC、comingD、kept正确答案:B答案解析:本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。
datingbacktothe16thcentury的逻辑主语是stonefigure。
6、Perseverance is a kind of quality and that is _______ it takes to do anything well.A、whatB、thatC、whichD、why正确答案:A答案解析:what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成”Ittakessth.todosth.”的句型。
全国英语词汇学高等教育自学考试试题与答案
全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码:00832Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.()A.meaning B.SoundC.combination of sounds D.Group2.The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.()A.more slowly than B.As quickly asC.more rapidly than D.Not so quickly as3.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.()A.use frequency B.notionC.origin D.sound4.Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.()A.green revolution B.fast foodC.moon walk D.space shuttle5.Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.()A.form B.meaningC.look D.pronunciation6.Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall”means ______ in British English.()A.four B.fellC.for D.autumn7.The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT______.()A./t/ B./g/C./p/ D./k/8.There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.()A.one B.twoC.three D.four9.The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.()A.works B.prewarC.postwar D.bloody10.30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.()A.compounding B.affixationC.conversion D.shortening11.The word “motel” is created by ______.()A.compounding B.clippingC.blending D.suffixation12.“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.()A.acronymy B.clippingC.back-formation D.prefixation13.The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.()A.grammatical meaning B.conceptual meaningC.associative meaning D.literal meaning14.By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.()A.onomatopoeic B.morphologicalC.semantic D.etymological15.______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in thehuman mind.()A.Reference B.ConceptC.Sense D.Motivation16.Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.()A.word formation B.word meaningC.meaning change D.Sense relations17.When a word is first coined, it is always ______.()A.semantic B.onomatopoeicC.monosemic D.polysemic18.The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.()A.ire/anger B.rich/wealthyC.forlorn/distressed D.bliss/happiness19.Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.()A.senses B.FormsC.dialects D.Terms20.The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”()A.extension B.elevationC.narrowing D.degradation21.In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.()A.subjective B.objectiveC.sensational D.physical22.Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?()A.Elimination of ambiguity.B.Indication of referents.C.Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D.Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23.The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.”is ambiguous due to ______.()A.grammatical context B.polysemyC.antonymy D.hyponymy24.In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.()A.relevant details B.synonymyC.antonymy D.hyponymy25.The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.()A.alliteration B.metaphorC.metonymy D.rhyme26.Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?()A.Sentence idioms. B.Idioms adverbial in nature. C.Clausal idioms. D.Idioms nominal in nature.27.The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.()A.replacement B.additionC.shortening D.repetition28.Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.()A.spelling B.syntactical usageC.pronunciation D.definition29.As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one()A.A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation C.A New English-Chinese DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation 30.Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.()A.unabridged B.deskC.specialized D.encyclopedicⅡ.Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion;and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B( c )31.She burst into passionate sobbing. A.juxtaposition( I )32.He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B.notional word( g )33.and C.transfer of sensations ( h )34.the man’s coat D.abstract to concrete ( a )35.here and there E.derivational affix( b )36.moon F.alliteration( f )37.rough and ready G.functional word( e )38.ex-prisoner H.inflectional affix( j )39.fair and square I.associated transfer( d )40.Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J.rhyme Ⅲ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)41.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. 42.Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43.We might say that free morphemes are free root.44.The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________.45.Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.46.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47.Vocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48.Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49.Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50.Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ.Define the following terms.(10%)51.morpheme52.homonym53.connotation54.elevation55.idiomⅤ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)56.As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?57.What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.58.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between. 59.How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?Ⅵ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.61.Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.(1)gold, bulb;(2)deer, beast, animals;(3)fortuitous, fruition.。
英语词汇学教程参考答案
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案(注:参考答案仅供参考。
有些题目的答案并非是唯一的)Chapter 11. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Y et, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions uses different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon.2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door.(2) Y ou boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o‘clock.(3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting.3. (1) when it follows ‗-t‘ and ‗-d‘, it is pronounced as [id];(2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t];(3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d].4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of ―tree‖.(2)They represent the forms of the verb ―fly‖ and have a common meaning.(3)They belong to a lexical field of ‗telephone communication‘..(4)They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote variouskinds of ―looking‖.5. (a) ‗blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black) ; ‗blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in colour (the primary stress in on black); ‗greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black), ‗White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). 0(b) black ‗board: any board which is black in colour (both words receive primary stress); black ‗bird: any bird which is black in colour (both words receive primary stress); grey ‗hound: any hound that is grey in colour (both words receive primary stress); ‗white ‗house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress).6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words.7. (a) The ‗bull‘ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal.(b) ‗Take the bull by the horn‘ is an idiom, meaning ‗(having the courage to) deal with someoneor something directly.(c) ‗Like a bull in a china shop‘is an idiom, meaning doing something with too muchenthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.(d) A‗bull market‘is one where prices rise fast because there is a lot of buying of shares inanticipation of profits.8. cup, mug, glass, tumbler, tankard, goblet, bowl, beaker, wineglass, beer glass, sherry glass They can be organized in a number of ways, for example, by the drinks the vessel is used for.Non-alcoholic: glass, tumbler, cup, mug, beaker, bowlBeer: beer glass, tankardWine: wineglass, gobletSpirits: sherry glassChapter 21.Lexeme is an abstract linguistic unit with different variants, for example, sing as against sang,sung.Morpheme is the ultimate grammatical constituent, the smallest meaningful unit of language.For example, moralizers is an English word composed of four morphemes: moral+lize+er+s.Any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance is called a morph, such as cat, chair, -ing, -s, etc.Allomorphs are the alternate phonetic forms of the same morpheme, for example, [t], [d] and [id] are allomorphs of the past tense morpheme in English.2. quick-ly, down-stair-s, four-th, poison-ous, weak-en,world-wide, inter-nation-al-ly, in-ject, pro-trude3. island, surname, disclose, duckling, cranberry,reading, poets, flavourfulness, famous, subvert4.(a)[ ə](b)[ -ai]5. (1) –‗s, -s(2) -est, -s(3) –ing(4) –ed6. The connotations are as follows:(1) slang, carrying the connotation of reluctance, (2)informal, carrying the connotation that the speaker is speaking to a child, (3) beastie is used to a small animal in Scotland, carrying the connotation of disgust, (4) carrying the connotation of formalness, (5) carrying the connotation of light-heartedness.7. { -əm; ~- n; ~- n; ~-i: ~-s; ~-z; ~-iz}8. court: polysemy dart: polysemyfleet: homonymy jam: homonymypad: homonymy steep: homonymystem: homonymy stuff: polysemywatch: polysemy9. (1)—(f), (2)—(g), (3)—(c), (4)—(e), (5)—(a), (6)—(d), (7)—(b)10.(1) unpractical(2) break(3) impractical(4) rout(5) pedals(6) Route(7) razeChapter 31.The history of English can be divided into four periods: the Old, Middle, Early middle andModern English periods.In Old English period, there is a frequent use of coinages known as ‗kennings‘, which refers to vivid figurative descriptions often involving compounds. The absence of a wide-ranging vocabulary of loanwords force people to rely more on word-formation processes based on native elements. The latter period of Old English was characterized by the introduction of a number of ‗loan translations‘. Grammatical relationships in Old English were expressed by the use of inflectional endings. And Old English is believed to contain about 24,000 different lexical items.In Middle English period, English grammar and vocabulary changed greatly. In grammar, English changed from a highly inflected language to an analytic language. In vocabulary English was characterized by the loss of a large part of the Old English word-stock and the addition of thousands of words from French and Latin.In Early Modern English period, English vocabulary grew very fast through extensive borrowing and expansion of word-formation patterns. And there was a great many semantic changes, as old words acquire new meanings.Modern English is characterized with three main features of unprecedented growth of scientific vocabulary, the assertion of American English as a dominant variety of the language, and the emergence of other varieties known as ‗New Englishes‘.2.appeareth in (a) becomes appeared in (b), and dreame becomes dream. The passive weredeparted becomes the active had gone. With the change of word forms, (b) looks simple morphologically.3.barf: American slang kerchief: French mutton: Frenchcadaver: Latin goober: Kongo leviathan: Latinginseng: Chinese taffy: North American kimono: Japanesewhisky: Irish caddy: Malay sphere: Latinalgebra: Arabic giraffe: African4.t rain: meaning changed from the trailing part of a gown to a wide range of extendedmeanings.deer: meaning narrowed from ‗beast‘ or ‗animal‘ to ‗a particular kind of animal‘knight: meaning ameliorated from ‗boy, manservant’ to ‗a man in the UK who has been givenan honor of knighthood‘meat: meaning narrowed down from ‗food‘ to ‗the edible flesh of animals and the edible part of fruit‘.hose: meaning extended from ‗leg covering‘ to ‗a long tube for carrying water‘.5.sell: specialized hound: specializedstarve: specialized wife: specializedloaf: specialized6.American English British EnglishFall Autumncandy sweetcorn Maizesemester termapartment flatDresser Dressing tableStreet car Tram carChapter 41. read+-i+-ness dis-+courage+-ing kind+heart+-edun-+doubt+-ed+-ly stock+room+-s pre-+pack+-age+-ed2.book: books(n.); books(v.), booking, bookedforget: forgets, forgot, forgottenshort: shortter, shortestsnap: snaps, snapping, snappedtake: takes, taking, took, takengoose: geeseheavy: heavier, heaviest3.–ish: meaning ‗having the nature of , like‘de-: meaning ‗the opposite of‘-ify: meaning ‗make, become‘-dom: means ‗the state of ‘il-(im-/in-): meaning ‗the opposite of, not‘-able: meaning ‗that can or must be‘mis-: meaning ‗wrongly or badly‘-sion(-tion):meaning ‗the state/process of‘pre-: meaning ‗prior to‘-ment: meaning ‗the action of‘re-: meaning ‗again‘under-: meaning ‗not enough‘-al: meaning ‗the process or state of‘4. a. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―Adj + N‖ structure, in which adjectivesare used to modify nouns ‗line, line, neck, room‘. Hotline means ‗a telephone number that people can call for information‘. Mainline means ‗an important railway line between two cities‘. Redneck means ‗a person from the southern US‘. Darkroom means ‗a room with very little in it, used for developing photographs‘.b. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + N‘ structure. Bookshelf means ‗ashelf for keeping books‘. Breadbasket means ‗a container for serving bread‘. Mailbox means ‗a box for putting letters in when they delivered to a house‘. Wineglass means ‗a glass for drinking wine‘.c. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + N‘ structure. Letterhead means ‗thehead of a letter (i.e. the name and address of an organization printed at the top of a letter)‘.Roadside means ‗the area at the side of a road‘. Keyhole means ‗the hole in a lock for putting the key in‘. Hilltop means ‗the top of a hill‘.d. They are exocentric compounds. Dropout means ‗a person who leaves school before theyhave finished their studies. Go-between means ‗a person who takes messages between people‘.Turnout means ‗the number of people who come to an event‘. Standby means ‗a person or thing that can always be used if needed‘.e. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―Adj + N-ed‖structure, in whichadjectives are used to modify the N-ed.f. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + Adj‖ structure, meaning As Adj AsN.5.in-: not, the opposite ofen-: to put into the condition ofdis-: not, the opposite ofun-: not, the opposite ofinter-: between, amongmis-: wrongly or badlyover-: too muchre-: againpost-: after6. a. a young dog; pigletb. a female editor; hostessc. a place for booking tickets; refineryd. one who is kicked; traineee. the state of being put up; output7. unbelievable: un- (prefix), -able (suffix)inexhaustible: in- (prefix), -ible(suffix)multinational: multi (prefix)-, -al(suffix)teleshopping: tele- (prefix), -ing (suffix)8. a. initialismb. blendingc. compoundingd. conversion9. a. compounding, affixationb. compounding, affixationc. compounding, shorteningd. compounding, affixation10.a. consumable, comprehensible, exchangeable, permissibleb. absorbent, assistant, different, participantc. constructor, liar, beggar, editor, developerd. elementary, stationary, brewery, mockeryChapter 51. (a) connotation (b) formality(c) dialect (d) connotation2. waterrainwater, brine, tap water, mineral water, spring water, purified water, aerated water, ……..3. (a) keeping(b) feeling of admiration or respect4. (a) hyponymy(b) meronymy5. (a) light beer, strong beer(b) heavy coffee, strong coffee, weak coffee6. amateur—dabbler, funny—ridiculous, occupation—profession,small—little, famous—renowned, fiction—fable, smell—scent7. These words refer to different kinds of pictures or diagrams. Drawing: picture or diagram made with a pen, pencil, or crayon. Cartoon refers to ‗an amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine‘. Diagram refers to a simple drawing using lines to explain where something is, how something works, etc. Illustration refers to a drawing or picture in a book, magazine etc. to explain something. Sketch refers to a simple picture that is drawn quickly and does not have many details.8.(a) gradable (b) non-gradable, reversive (c) gradable(d) non-gradable, reversive (e) gradable (f) non-gradable9.(a) antonym (b) hyponymy (c) antonym(d) synonymy (e) meronymyChapter 61. 1) literal expression 2) idiom3) literal expression 4) idiom5) idiom 6) literal expression2. 1) die2) something that makes a place less attractive3) suddenly realize or understand something4) make one‘s friends disappoint5) continue to argue something that has already been decided and is not important6) react quickly so as to get an advantage3. 1) gradually reduce the amount of time, money, etc.2) give support and encouragement to someone in a game, competition, etc3) give something to the person it belongs to4) annoy5) fail because a part is weak or incorrect6) try to find out the facts about something7) live under the rule of someone8) talk to someone in order to find out his opinions, ideas, feelings etc.9) give someone a warning or secret information about somethingChapter 71.General dictionaries include all of the elements of a lexicon, including meanings,pronunciations, usages, and histories of the words of their language. Specialized dictionaries are restricted to one variety or to one type of entryword.2.They are different in that different media are used. Print dictionaries do not use electric powerand can be used in all kinds of light. Electronic dictionaries are easy to carry. .3.Open to discussion.4.Open to discussion.5.(a) symbolise(b) symbol of sth is a person, an object, an event, etc. that represents a more general quality orsituation; symbol for sth is a sign, number, letter, etc. that has a fixed meaning, especially in science, mathematics and music(a)/sim‘bɔlik/ and /sim‘ba:lik/(b)represent(c)2(d)Y es. We know that form the label [VN] and the examples.Chapter 81.vertically challenged—shortsanitation engineer—garbage collectorethnic cleansing--genocideladies‘ cloak room—women‘s toilet2.(1)They differ in connotation. Politician implies disapproval while statesman impliesapproval.(2)They differ in connotation. Inexpensive sounds indirect.(3) They differ in connotation. flatter implies disapproval, while praise implies approval.(4) They differ in connotation. pedant implies disapproval, scholar is neutral.3.(1) buttocks — buns (2) nonsense — bullshit(3) prison — can (4) cocaine — coke4.(a).Turn off the lights, please.(b) Would you please turn off the lights?5. Answers vary from person to person.6. (1) on a formal occasion.(2) when the speaker is seeing a friend off(3) when the speaker is angry and wants the addressee to leave(4) when the speaker is talking with a close friend.7. gateway, firewall, virus, bookmark, address, DOS, cyberspace, profiler, browser, login8. They differ in the terms they used, as they are different jargons.Chapter 91. knife: an object with a sharp blade for cutting thingsclothes: things we wear to keep our bodies warm;building: a structure made of a strong material, having roof, walls, windows, and doors2. She attacked every weak point in my argument.He withdrew his offensive remarks.I hit back at his criticism.She produced several illustrations to buttress her argument.I braced myself for the onslaught.3. The suffix–ee is typically attached to a verb meaning ‗one who is the object of the verb‘. This meaning is considered as the core meaning of the form. So, trainee means ‗one who is being trained‘. But the background knowledge associated with the verb may modulate the meaning of the suffix. Suffix –ee in standee moves away from the core meaning and is deprived of the ‗object‘meaning. So ‗standee‘ means ‗one who stands‘.4. In ‗good baby‘, ‗good‘means ‗well-behaved, not causing trouble‘; in ‗good parent‘, ‗good‘means ‗kind, generous, considerate, etc.‘5. (1) is used to show sad feelings while (2) is used as an apology.。
(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案
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3. Old English was a highly inflected language .
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4. In early Middle English period , English , Latin , and Celtic existed side by side . (
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5. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period . (
五. Choose the standard word from the column on the right to match each of the slang words on the left.
a. tart
girl
b. bloke
police
c. gat
great
d. swell
drunk
Swedish Spanish Prussian French Slovenian Danish Portuguese
二. Fill in the blanks according to the text :
The language used between 450 and ___________ is called _________ , which has a vocabulary of ___________ . Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to ____________ , followed by the ______________ period , subdivided as early modern English ( ______________ ) and late _____________ ( 1700- up to now )
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参考答案2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.(head+tail)blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefixⅤ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation:1)Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2)Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3)Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4)Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.49.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion),nationalist(nation+al+ist),unearthly(un+earth+ly).2)Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1)the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine(3分)2)proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking(1分)3)using an old saying is more persuasive(2分)4)the short form saves time, more colloquial(2分)5)indicates intimacy or close relationship(1分)2001年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案I.1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15. CII. 16. Stylistic 17.monolingual 18.semantic opposition 19. degradation 或 pejoration 20.productivity and collocabilityIII.21. I 22. C 23. F 24. B 25. E 26. D 27. J 28. G 29. H 30. AIV. 31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature 32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning 34. n+v-ed 35. Backformation 36. n+v 37. bound root 38. Prefix 39. bound root 40. inflectional affix/morpheme V. 41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分;语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分;语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. 46. 要点: Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii)次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii)由此意义连续转换;特点为链接iii)名词语义互不依赖 iii)最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点:(1)break up an idiom into pieces(2分)(2)an unusual case of using idioms(1分)(3)in literature or popular press for special effect(1分)注:语言扣分不得超过1分(语法扣1分,拼写扣0.5分)48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsomeVII.49. 答案要点1)Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.(2分)2)Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3)In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点:(1)it is ambiguous(2分)(2)ambiguity caused by the structure(2分)(3)stop drinking can be understood as1)police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )2)police stop people drinking (1分)(4)improvement(3分)1)The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2)The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.1.1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.B l0.D ll.C l2.C l3.D l4.B l5.D Ⅱ.l6.French l7.degradation18.indication l9.semantic20.1exicalⅢ.21.C 22.F 23.D 24.A 25.I 26.J 27.H 28.B 29.E 30.G Ⅳ.31.inflectional suffix 32.clipping33.blendin934.collocative35.affective/pejorative 36.compoundin9/composition37.acronymy/initialism 38.suffix39.Drefix 40.stylistic/neutralV.41.(1)extra.1inguistic context=non-linguistic context = physical situation (2)includes people,time,place,even the whole cultural background 42.Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.43. Semantic change means mn old word form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need·44.conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meanin9.45.the opposite of widening meanin9.A process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized meanin9.V1.46.(1)an idiom may consist of more than one word,each has its meanin9,and part of speech·(2)has a single meaning(3)functions as one word—equivalent(4)In many ca8es,illogical relationship between the literal meaning of the constituent word and the meaning of the whole idiom.47.(I)difference in denotation(2)difference in connotation .(3)difference in application48.(1)Basic word stock possesses five obvious characteristics,but nonbasicvocabulary doesn’t(2)Basic word stock forms the common,core of the language,whereas nonbasic vocabulary deesn’t belong to the common core of the language.V11.49.(1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes,dishearten(dis+heart+ca),idealistic(ideal+ist +ic) unfriendly(an+friend+ty) (2)of the nine morphemes,only heart,/dea/and friend are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves·(3)All the rest dis-,-en,-ist,-ic,-un and-ty are bound as none of them call,stand alone as words.50. (1)Collocation refers to the words before or after the word in discussion,and coUocative meaning consists of the associations the word acquires in its collocation.(2)Words with the same conceptual meaning may have different meanings due to the range of words they may aycollocate with.In other words,collocation call affect the meaning of words.(3)For example,‘pretty’and‘handsome’share the conceptual meaning of‘good lookin9’.but are distin. guished by the range of nouns they collocate with2008年4月Ⅰ1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B Ⅱ16.inflectional 17.prefixes 18.sense 19.semantic 20.negative Ⅲ21.G 22.J 23.A 24.I 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.F 29.E 30.H Ⅳ31. extra-linguistic factors-- psychological reason32. derivational affix/prefix33. extra-linguistic context34. derivational affix/prefix35. blending36. extra-linguistic context37. lexical context of linguistic context38. bound root39. extra-linguistic factors-- class reason40. compoundingⅤ41.Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements.42. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.43. The word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.44. A semantic process in which each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains.45. The meaning of a word that is influenced by the structure in which it occurs.Ⅵ46. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to sterms.(1分) Suffixes generally change the word class.(1分) For example, “economy” is a verb, but “employer” becomesa noun when the suffix –er is added to the stem “employ”.(1分)47. 1)compiled on the principle of semantic field;(1分)2)some 15,000 items classified into fourteen semantic fields of a practical everyday nature;(1分)3)subfields also included;(0.5分)4)semantically related words defining one another(0.5分)48.pig/pork, sheep/mutton(1分)In old English, animals and their meat shared the same name. with the Norman Conquest and borrowing of corresponding French words, the English words were kept only for live animals and the French words for the animals killed and brought to the table.(2分)Ⅶconic is derived from Lacons (1分), a tribe of people who were known for their “brevity of s peech” (2分) and for their habit of never using more words than necessary. (2分) So laconic means “brief or short” (1分),which is etymologically motivated.(1分) “A laconic answer” thus is “a short answer”. (1分)50. 1)“too many cooks”, from “Too many cooks spoil the broth”. (3分)2)In the situation of disorder or chaos, when everyone tries to direct, the speaker manages to control the situation. (2分)3)The use of the short form indicate the informal situation. (2分)4)This sentence implies the speaker and listeners are working or colleagues. (1分) .。