(完整版)英语考研英美概况模拟题及答案.docx

合集下载

英美概况模拟试题

《英语国家社会与文化入门》模拟试题及参考答案Part oneFill in the blanks ( 10 points )1.The full name of the United Kingdom is .2.The Good Friday Agreement, known also as , emerged on 10 April 1998.3., the ancestor of the present queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rulein 829.4.written by Geoffrey Chaucer is often studied by middle school and collegestudents today.5.The Bonfire Night, which is celebrated in November, sometimes is also called .6.Columbus discovered the New World in the year of .7.The Three Faiths in the US refer to Protestant, and Jewish.8.In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a noveltitled , which intensified the political debate on slavery.9.1968 was known in US history as a violent and tragic year in which the great leader of TheCivil Rights Movement: was assassinated.10.The Grand Canyon is carved away for nearly 6 million years by the River. Part twoRead the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question: ( 20 points )1.Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called .a. Progressivismb. laissez fairec. New Freedomd. New Deal2. The United States did not join the Second World War directly until in December,1941.a. Great Depressionb. Pearl Harbor incidentc. the Japanese attack on Chinad. the German attack on Poland3. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by OliverCromwell as .a. Lord Protectorb. Lieutenant Generalc. Commander of the New Model Armyd. President4. Ireland is in the of Great Britain.a. eastb. southc. westd. north5. WASPs referred to .a. the mainstream Americansb. Hispanicsc. Asian-Americansd. Blacks6. Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitutionformally ended .a. the immigration movementb. the Civil Warc. the slave systemd. the industrialization7. About a hundred years ago, as a result of imperialist expansion, Britain ruled of theworld people and of the world’s land area.a. one thirdb. one fifthc. one fourthd. two fifths8. The Celt’s religion was.a. Teutonic religionb. Christianityc. Druidismd. Buddhism9. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of , keeping themwithin the bounds of the feudal law of the land.a. the Archbishop of Canterburyb. the baronsc. the churchd. the king10. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the .a. the House of Lordsb. the House of Commonsc. the Privy Councild. the Shadow Cabinet11. The English Renaissance was largely .a. religiousb. ideologicalc. philosophicald. literary12. In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in .a. hardwareb. textilec. potteryd. chemicals13. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in .a. 200 B. C.b. 55 B. C.c. 55 A. D.d. 410 A. D14. The Hundred Years’ War started in.a. 1733b. 1453c. 1337d. 135715. Civil Rights Movement happened in .a. the 1960sb. the 1950sc. the 1940sd. the 1930s16. The open declaration of the containment policy was made by on March 12, 1949 ina speech to the joint session of Congress.a. President Rooseveltb. President Kennedyc. General Marshalld. President Truman17. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.a. 651b. 1,200c. 1,198d. 76318. About half of the Britain’s trade is with.a. the United Statesb. South-east Asiac. the ECd. the Latin America19. The British recorded history begins with .a. the arrival and settlement of Celtsb. the Norman Conquestc. Roman invasiond. Viking and Danish invasions20. At the beginning of the First World War, the United States pursued a policy of .a. containmentb. neutralityc. pro-Germany partialityd. pro-Ally partialityPart threeRead the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False: ( 20 points )( ) 1. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first twelve amendments to the Constitution.( ) 2. The stock market crash in 1929 was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U. S. ( ) 3. George Washington was the first president of the United States.( ) 4. The system of the parliamentary government of the U.K. is based on a written constitution. ( ) 5. Benjamin Franklin alone drafted the Declaration of Independence, and on July 4, 1776, the Congress adopted the declaration.( ) 6. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.( ) 7. The word English means “the language that belongs to the Angles.”( ) 8. The Pennines are known as the “Backbone of England”.( ) 9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh Lake in Wales which covers an area of 397 square kilometers.( ) 10. Both the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress were held in Boston.( ) 11. The American Constitution founded feudalism and introduced checks and balances.( ) 12. The national church in Scotland is also the Church of England.( ) 13.Of all the English university Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious( ) 14. The House of Lords is now made up of two kinds of Lords: the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.( ) 15. William, Duke of Normandy, founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea and he became known as “Father of the British Navy.”( ) 16. Anglo-Saxons in Britain are believed to be ancestors of the Highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh people.( ) 17. After Margaret Thatcher was elected Britain’s first ever woman prime minister in 1979, she adopted a new program to cure the “British disease”.( ) 18. America Vespucci proved that the land discovered by Columbus was not Indian, but a new continent. As a result, the new continent was named after him and became known as America. ( ) 19. Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Continental Congress on July 14, 1776, a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day of the United States. ( ) 20. When the news of American victory at Yorktown reached London, the Parliament voted to end the War and peace negotiation began in 1782.Part fourExplain the following terms in English: (10 points)1. The New Deal2. The commonwealth3. checks and balances4. Constitutional monarchy5. PuritanismPart fiveTell what you know about the following in your own words. ( 20 points )1. The Easter Rising2. Class system in British society3. The Bronte sisters4. Counterculture5. The containment policyPart sixWrite between 100-150 words on the following topic: ( 20 points )Cold WarKeys:Part one:1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.the Belfast Agreement3.King Egbert4.The Canterbury Tales5.Guy Fawkes Night6.14927.Catholic8.Uncle Tom’s Cabin9.Martin Luther King10.ColoradoPart two:1~5dbaca 6~10cccdb 11~15dbbca 16~20daccbPart three:1~5 FTTFF 6~10 TTTFF 11~15 FFTTT 16~20 FTTFTPart four:1.It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent the possiblecollapse of the American economic and political system.2.The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of formerBritish colonies. There are 50 members of the Commonwealth: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus: others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.3.Each of the three branches of the government——the legislative, the executive and thejudicial——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.4. A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a queen. Inpractice, the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule. In English history, constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688.5.Puritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify theChurch of England. They believe that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were God’s chosen people while others were damned to hell. No church nor good works could save people. The sign of being God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish direct contact with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.Part five:1.In order to gain independence, different Irish groups had been fighting against the Britishinstitutions and the British military forces. One such activity was the Easter Rising which took place in 1916. the rebels occupied Dublin’s Post Office and Forced the British to take it back by military force. The leaders of the rebellion were executed by the British authorities.2.The class system does exist in British society. Most of the British population would claimthemselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class. Class divisions are now simply economic, they are cultural as well. People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspapers they read, in the way they speak and in the kind of education they receive. One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.3.Perhaps the most famous literary family I British history are the Bronte sisters, who wereinfluenced by the Romantic Movement. Charlotte, Emily and Ann were daughters of the vicar of a village church in Yorkshire. Although they were poor, they were educated and respectable. In their short lives, they didn’t produce much, but their works are among the best-loved novels in English: Charlotte Bronte’ s Jane Eyre and Emily’s Wuthering Heights 4.In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left, there appeared a phenomenonthat historians called “counterculture”. The counterculture rejected capitalism and other American principles. They had morals different from those taught by their parents. Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life. Among the most famous were the hippies. They sought new experience through dropping out, and drug taking. But it was music, rock music in particular, that became the chief vehicles for the counter culture assault on the traditional American society. The counterculture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social morals, marriage, career and success.5.The US put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s. by containment, the Us meantthat it would use whatever means, including military force, to prevent the Soviet Union form breaking out of its sphere of influence. In order to contain communism, the US fought two wars in Asia: the Korean War and the Vietnam War.Part six:Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States, relying on its large economic and military strength, tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism, represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and conflicts without bloody “hot war” between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.。

英美概况.英美概况(二)练习题及答案docx

《英美概况（二）》练习题一答案套一、答案I．Fill in the following blanks in English1. cotton2. Indians3. Superior; Michigan; Huron; Erie; Ontario; Michigan; Canada4. 16075. 126. winner-take-all; majority /2707. Vice- Presidency8.18549. private10. Pittsburg 11. space 12. Scandinavian 13. Civil Rights Movement 14. 88 000, 18 00015. 1922 16. four 17. IndependenceII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1. C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.DIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.T2. F3. F4.F5. T6. F7.F8.T9. T 10.TIII. Define the following terms1. Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, which was named after Elihu Yale, an early patron and was chartered in 1701. It consists of Yale College for men, three other undergraduate schools for men and women, and eight graduate schools for men and women.2. It is the largest and most famous American stock market. Located on Wall Street in New York City, it centralizes the trading of stock of over 3000 corporations, and hundreds of millions of shares are bought and sold there each day.3.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence. IV. Answer the following questions1.In the post World War 11 decade, the United States was the richest nation in the world. After a brief period of postwar adjustment, the economy boomed. Consumers demanded goods and services. Businesses produced more to meet this demand. With 6 percent of the world' s population, the United States produced half the world's goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “least common denominator”,meaning the teacher gives attention to theslower learners while the brighter students become bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves "mainstreaming", a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DII. Explain the following terms1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troopswere sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors,they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American two-party system. If the candidates of a party for “ele c tors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that stat e. This system is known as the “winner-take-all” principle.3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into threebranches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people's struggle against the racialdiscrimination in 1960s. As early as in 1950s, the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in demonstration protesting against racial segregation. In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides against segregation on buses. Under the outstanding leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s. There was a march on Washington for “Jobs and Freedom”. So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed. This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.5. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York. Wall Street was the northern limit of New York in 1653,when the Dutch built a wooden palisade here to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is the center of one of the most important financial districts in the world, and the name Wall Street is often used to mean the Stock Exchange or American finance in general. Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. III. Answer the following questions1. During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”,the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”. During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition. The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved. So they had no interest in the war. In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures. In May 1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly encouraged farmers. In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation”, freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln's army became much stronger and got more support from the broad masses. Finally Lincoln won the war.2. In the U.S. government there are three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies, including the postal service. The President, as the chief executive, performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state. The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces, send and receive diplomatic officials. In fact he makes foreign policy. He also in e ach year submits to Congress a “State of the Union Message”, budget message and other reports. He may introduce legislative bill to Congress. The President has great power in the government. The legislative branch refers to Congress. Only Congress has the right; to make laws. It is the supreme legislative body of the nation, It is made of two houses —the senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution. The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.套三、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Harvard,2. the end of American Civil War,3.Orthodox Eastern Church,4. Louisiana,5. arrow and heart.6. patriotism; American ideals,7. individuals,8. New Year’s Day;Santa Claus; North Pole; Christmas Eve; sleigh; reindeer; Christmas treeII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct answer. (10%)1. A2.C.3.D4.B5.C6. D7.B8.A9.A 10.DIII. Explain the following terms.1. When Franklin D. Rooselvelt was elected American President in 1982, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the “ New Deal “. According to the “New Deal”, Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones. At home, many public project, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pension to the old, unemployed and the injur ed. The “New Deal”relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people. The more important thing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.2. It is the largest library in the USA. It serves as a reference library. In 1800 Congress passed legislation founding the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which was initially established to serve the needs of the members of Congress. Since then, this extraordinary collecti on has become one of the world’s great libraries and a depository for every work copyrighted in the United States. The library is open to the public and maintains major collections of papers, photographs, films, maps, and music.3.In brief, the mass media, including the press, radio, TV and Internet, is the methods of communication for the people. They offer general and narrow audiences with ideas, information and entertainment.4. V oice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America. It is started on the air in WashingtonD.C. in 1942 in the Second World War as a speaker for war information. VOA programs include news, commentary, popular music and features about American culture. Owing to its external service function, now it has 16 broadcasting stations, and about 40 foreign languages were used besides English, ranging from Albanian to Chinese. Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.5. A famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. The novel described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master. It had a very strong influence and aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.IV. Answer the following questions.1. By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country andreached the stage of imperialism. Then it began its overseas expansion. Hawaii fell into her control in 1893. In 1898 U. S. Congress declared war on Spain. It invaded China by means of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the U.S. also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started it s “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year's Vietnam War. In 1990s the U. S. attacked Iraq and Kosovo. In a word , the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.2. (1) The system of the Gulf: The Mississippi River and its tributaries form an important inland navigation andirrigation system. (2) The system of the Atlantic: The Hudson River, linked by canals with the five Great Lakes, is one of the main arteries for inland water traffic. There are also Potomac River, St. Lawrence River which serves as an international river forming part of the boundary between U.S. and Canada. (3) The system of the Pacific: two major rivers, the Columbia River and the Colorado River which are rich in potential water power.3. American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leading position for the past century. Manymanufacture goods rank the first three in the world. Its major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, textiles, etc. There are many big companies and small enterprises…《英美概况（二）》练习题二答案套四、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. 1607, 17762.Christopher Columbus3.Plymouth4. Philadelphia5. 17836. Missouri, Ohio7. St. Lawrence River8. Colorado River9. Appalachian 10. Potomac 11. three 12. State 13.Bill of Rights 14. House of Representatives 15. DemocraticII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[F]4.[T]5.[T]6. [F]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F]III. Explain the following terms.1. The Democratic Party grew out of the “ Anti-Federalists” that appeared after 1787. It was founded in 1828, ledby a group of planters and capitalists and a considerable number of small farmers. Thomas Jefferson was the leader.2. The parties in the United States choose all th eir candidates for election at “primary e lections”, which is held inspring. “Primary elections” are considered the first step and part of the formal voting process and it has many forms. Once the party candidates have been chosen, the primary campaign between the parties begins Sometimes a lot of money is needed for a primary campaign.3. The war was started under Eisenhower and ended in January 1973. It ended with a victory of the NorthVietnamese people and a thorough failure of the United States. The Vietnam War was an example of American imperialism for the benefit of the American corporate military interests.4.. the Civil Rights Movement carried by the blacks to get the civil rights in 1950's to 1960's and to fight againstracial segregation. As the result of their struggle, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. And the V oting Rights Act was passed in 1965.5. Martin Luther King was an outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a Baptist clergyman. He upheld“non-violence” struggle. He set up a boycott of the bus lines. He also led the largest civil rights rally in 1963.So the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. He protested against voting-rights restriction. In 1964 the Voting Rights Act was passed. From 1965-1968 his struggle turned to the discrimination and injustice in the North and protested against the Vietnam War. He was assassinated in April 1968.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Because at home, there was wartime scarcity, high wages, accumulated savings and industrial expansion.There was a pent-up demand for consumer goods. The establishment of new factories, the expansion of internal and external markets and the increasing employment all account for the prosperity. At abroad Germany, Japan and Italy lost their capacity for competition with America. They relied greatly upon the aid and products from the. U. S. But this prosperity disappeared so quickly because it was based upon the war time economy.2. (1) It achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and spacenavigation. (2) Organ and Limb transplants were tried such as heart transplants. (3) New drugs and preventatives were discovered such as polio vaccine, vaccinations etc.套五、答案I. Fill in the following blanks in English1. five Great Lakes2. Atlantic coast3. New York Stock Exchange4.the Associated Press (AP)5. space satellite6. Declaration of Independence7. atom bomb8. Desert Storm9. Grand Canyon 10. Death Valley 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 12. Great Depression 13. Pearl Harbor 14. Second World War 15. Midway Island 16. three 17. 3000 18. Baptist 19. Detroit 20. “do-it-yourself”21. 117 22. privately 23. Labor Day 24. advertising 25. HalloweenII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[T]4.[T]5.[F]6. [T]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F] )III. Define the following terms1. The first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791, which include freedom of speech, the right to assemble and other democratic rights.2. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of thetroops around the Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence.3. In April 1945 forty-eight countries attended the conference at San Francisco in America to organize apeacetime, permanent organization in the world. Thus the United Nations was founded.4. The Constitution limits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gainingundue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches.5. is the largest state in the USA. It was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867. The total area is 1 500 000square kilometers, much of which is mountainous. Its capital is Juneau. Its chief industries are oil, natural gas and fishing, especially salmon fishing.IV. Answer the following questions1. (1) With the war over, the United States again achieved a stable political environment. Both foreign anddomestic capital became available for investment. (2) Black slaves were free, and the waves of European and Asian immigrants poured into the US, so there was enough labor supply for the development of industries. (3) Science and inventions played a very important role. New thing were invented one after another. (4) The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports. This encouraged Americans to buy American-made goods. (5) The United States was rich in natural resources. These advantages together contributed to the development of the US.2. The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate ofinterest on the borrowed money. The individual who buys bonds does not share in the company’s profits, but neither does he run the risk of losing money if the stock goes down in value. Corporation may issue bonds to obtain money for expansion. State and local governments issue bonds to raise fund for community improvements such as highway, bridges, schools, and hospitals.3. First a bill introduced by member of Congress is sent to an appropriate legislative Congress works. Thecommittee is formed and holds hearing on it. Then the recommendations of the bill are reported to the Houses.The bill is debated on the floor of each house. Then the votes began. After the majority approval by both houses, the proposal law goes to the president. If two-thirds of each house of Congress approves it, the bill becomes law in spite of president's veto.。

英美概况模拟题及其答案4

第一部分（客观题，共40分）I. Directions: Read the following unfinished statements or uestions carefully .For each unfinished statement or q uestion four suggested answers A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. (25% )1. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north2. The first known settlers of Britain were _______.A. the JutesB. the CeltsC. the SaxonsD. the Iberians3. The English Civil War is also called ______.A. the Puritan RevolutionB. the second Magna CartaC. the Long ParliamentD. the Anglican War4. The Tories were the forerunners 0f _______ , which still bears the nickname today.A. the Labour PartyB. the Liberal PartyC. the Social Democratic PartyD. the Conservative Party5. In Britain only _______ of the population are farmers but they manage 7O% of the land area.A. 2%B. 3%C. 4%D. 5%6. Which of the following Statements is NOT true about the Prime Minister in Britain?A. He is appointed by the Queen.B. He is Minister for the Civil Service.C. He sits in the House of Commons.D. He receives ￡88,292 a year.7. London's Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______ .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Attorney GeneralD. the Prime Minister8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the National Health Service?A. It Provides for every resident a full range of medical services.B. It is administered by the central government.C. Its emergency ambulances are available for doctors' urgent calls.D. It has suffered from under funding in recent decades.9. There are some _______ universities in the United Kingdom, including the Open University.A. 75B. 80C. 85D. 9O10. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______ .A. Northern Ireland and southern IrelandB. Southern Ireland and the Republic of IrelandC. the Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandD. Northern Ireland and Britain11. The Grand Canyon in north-western _______ is one of nature's most impeessive sights.A. UtahB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Idaho12. The first immigrants in American history came from _______ .A. England and GermanyB. England and IrelandC. England and the NetherlandsD. England and Spain13. The United States went to war with _______ in 1812, the last war fought between these two countries.A. BritainB. FranceC. SpainD. Mexico14. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _______ as theirnext president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.A. TheodoreB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD. Herbert Hoover15. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _______ Movement.A. BoycottB. Civil RightsC. SegregationD. Integration16. The cultivated land in the U.S. makes up _______ of the total land, and people who are engaged in farming make up only 2.7% of the total population.A. 21%B. 31%C. 41%D. 51%17. The Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate.A. the Secretary of StateB. the Chief JusticeC. the PresidentD. the Vice President18. The typical organizational pattern for elementary and secondary schools in the United States is that of _______ .A. classified schoolsB. vocational schoolsC. graded schoolsD. public schools19. In the 1920s, Black Literature developed into an upsurge which has come to be known as _______ .A. the Manhattan RenaissanceB. the Harlem RenaissanceC. the Black RevivalD. the African-American Rebirth20. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.A. the pumpkin and the turkeyB. the lamb and the beefC. the spring peas and the potatoesD. the egg and the rabbit21. Canada was divided Into Upper Canada (English speaking) and Lower Canada (French speaking) in _______ and they were united again in _______ .A. 1791/1840B. 1775/1791C. 1840/1867D. 1775/186722. Canada's early economic development was founded on _______ .A. resource industriesB. heavy industriesC. light industriesD. manufacturing industries23. What law made French the offical language in Canada's Quebec?A. The Official Language Act.B. The Charter of the French Language in Quebec.C. The Meech Lake Accord.D. The new Canadian Constitution.24. The Canadian population is chiefly characterized by _______ .A. its sizeB. its growthC. its linguistic dualityD. its French origins25. Australia has always been a continent with few people mainly because _______ .A. Australia is too far away fram EuropeB. Australia is the least mountainous and most level of the world's continentsC. Australia is separated from the rest of the world by seasD. most of the continent is hot and dryII. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and see if it is true or false .Blacken A if you think it is true or B if you think it is false on your answer sheet. Blackening C、D or E is useless. (15% )26.Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 20th century.27. The Queen is the center of much of the nation's ceremonial and, by ancient tradition, the leader of society.28.The Lord Chancellor recommends the High Court and circuit judges, the recorders and the 76 metropolitan and stipendiary magistrates.29.The social security system in Britain is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need.30.The Open University in Britain is a non-residential university based in London.31. Since the 1960s, manufacturing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.32. Although tobacco is grown in many countries, the United States is the World's biggest producer and user of this profitable crop.33.The Supreme Court is the highest court of the United States and is the only organ which has the power to interpret the Constitution.34. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of University of Michigan in 1636.35. Mark Twain's real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he was born and brought up in the small town of Hannibal, Missouri, on the Mississippi River.36. Before World War II, it was customary for each community to hold veteran's parades and public ceremonies in the U.S.A.37. Canada, a self-governing member of the Commonwealth of Nations, is a federation of 15 provinces and two territories.38. British explorers had a good knowledge of animals, the seasons and all aspects of Australia.39. In January 1940 Australian troops first sailed for overseas theatres of war, and in the next two years they fought with the British against the Germans and Italians in northern Africa, the Middle East and Mediterranean.40. New Zealanders take a community approach to problems, but at the same time they are very proud of being independent and self-reliant.第二部分（主观题，共60分）III. Directions: For each of the following blanks, only one word is suitable. Write the word in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (25%)●The capital of the Republic of Ireland is (1) ________ , and the capital of NorthernIreland is (2) ________ .●The English Renaissance was largely (3) ________ and its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and William (4) ________ .●The Whigs were the forerunners of the (5) ________ Party while the Tories were the forerunners of the (6) ________ party of England.●Most of Britain's oil reserves are thought to be under the (7) ______ (8) ______.●British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of (9) _____ and the House of (10) ______.●The United Kingdom is a (11) ______ mo narchy, it began in the (12) _______th century.●In the United Kingdom, in criminal trials by jury, the (13) ______ passes sentence but the (14) _______ decides the issue of guilt or innocence.●Britain is regarded as a (15) _______ state. The term applies mainly to the National (16) ______Service, national insurance and social security.●In the United Kingdom, education is compulsory for all between the ages of (17) ______ and (18) ________.●The British national newspapers can be divided into two groups: national (19) _____ and national(20) ________.●The most important lakes in the United States are the (21) _____ Lakes, they are all located between(22) ______ and the United States except Lake Michigan.●In respect of population, (23) ______ (24) _______ is the biggest city in the United States.●The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the (25) _______, who were first brought to North America as (26) ______ in 1619.●Counterculture in 1960s was a mo vement of (27) ________ against the moral values, the aesthetic (28) _______ and the personal behavior.●American government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the (29) ______ and the (30) ________, each has part of the powers but not all the power.●Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, (31) _________ and (32) _______ education.●The first British settlers in Canada were (33) _______ refugees who refused to fight against the British army in the War of American Independence. They called themselves (34) ________.●It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia's shores were the (35) ________ and Portuguese, whom were followed by the (36) _______ and then the English.●In the 1950s, there was a boom in Australia's economy and people's living standard was high, so Australia was called "the (37) _______ (38) ________" in that period.●In World War II, Australia declared war on Japan immediately after Japan bombed the U.S. naval base at (39) _______ (40) _________.●The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of (41) ________ materials for (42) ________ products.●The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the (43) ______ and (44) _______ models.●New Zealand has two main islands. They are (45) ________ Island and (46) ______ Island.●New Zealand is a sovereign independent state with a parliamentary (47) ________ and a constitutional (48) _______.●The official lang uages in New Zealand are (49) ________ and (50) _______.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (15%)1. Black Death2. The Gunpowder Plot3. Ulysses4. The Puritans5. the Axis powersV. Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (12%)1. What happened in the four-day London smog in 1952?2. What does IBM stand for? What is the corporation's main product?3. When is "Trick or treat" played and what does it mean?4. What is special about the Kiwi, a national symbol of New Zealand?VI. Directions: Write between 100-15O words on the following topic in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (8%)Describe briefly the size and location of the United States of America.参考答案一，选择题（每小题1分，共25分。

英美概况试题答案

英美概况模拟试题（一）一．1~5 abbdb 6~10 bdddc 11~15 aabdc 16~20aadcb二．1~5 FFFTF 6~10 TFTFF 11~15 TFFFT 16~20TFFFT三．1．On October 24, 1929, the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in socialand economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, it is also known as a “melting pot,”meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread byrat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American government and the supremelaw of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.四．1. The Second War between America and England was during 1812~1814.2. The two major political parties in Britain are Conservative Party and Labor Party.3. Britain enjoys maritime climate.4. Richard Nixon was involved in Watergate Scandal.5. The most important river in Britain is Thames River.五． In 1066 the army of Willia m, Duke of Normandy, defeated King Harold’s troops. He was crowned King of England. He then built a string of defense castle ensure his military control of the whole country. This is the Norman Conquest in British history. After the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established, England.Relations with the Continent were opened. The civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture ere introduced.英美概况模拟试题（二）一．1~5dbaca 6~10 cccdb 11~15 dbbca 16~20daccb二．1~5 FTTFF 6~10 TTTFF 11~15 FFTTT 16~20 FTTFT三．1． It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system.2． It was a movement of revolt in the 1960s against the moral values, the aesthetic standards, the personal behavior. and the social relations of conventional society.3． Each of the three branches of the government——the legislative, the executive and the judicial——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.4． A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice, the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule. In English history, constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688.5． On September 22, 1862 during American Civil War, Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1, 1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union.四．1. The longest river in Britain is Severn river.2. The War of the Roses went on for 30 years.3. American Civil War began in 1861.4. The mainstream Americans are called WASPs.5. American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives.五．Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States, relying on its large economic and military strength, tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism, represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and con flicts without bloody “hot war” between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.英语国家概况参考答案I. 1C 2B3B4D5A6B7C8D9D10B11A12B13A14B15B16D17B18D19C20A21B22D23A24C25AII. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. TIII. 1. the feudal system 2. John Bunyon, John Milton 3. Teheran; Yalta; Potsdam 4. strong 5. industry; agriculture6. contributions national insurance, taxation7. formulate; supply8. abundant; raw9. one, one third 10. Northern Ireland 11. Northern Territory 12. School of the air 13. land; buy 14. macreconomic, microeconomic15. the Canadian Pacific Railway16. Parliamentary 17. Ben Nevis; 1,3000 18. England 19. Captain James Cook 20. the Great Depression 21. registration; wheels 22. Britain; Italy 23. trappers 24. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake25. the Opposition, Shadow cabinet 26. the ministers 27. Hundred, ambitious 28. Cavaliers, Roundheads 29. House of Assembly 30. Acts; decisions 31. jobs, warsIV. 1. ThatcherismThe election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.2. diversity of American educationDiversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can be seen not only in type, size and control of the institutions, but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, education is a function of the state, not the federal govemment. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school system and delegates its power over education to local districts, many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states.3. the Canadian ShieldThe Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills, and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps.4. Australia's service industriesService industries are also called "tertiary industy". This sector now includes an additional "quaternary" level, which covers the research, processing and storage of information. Australia's service sector is the fastestgrowing one. It has been growing in importance, due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing, and the expansion by government of educational, health and welfare services.5. the New DealIn order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.V. 1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, riversand lakes in the United States.There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and its two branches, the Missouri River and the Ohio River, flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include the Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lade Michigan.2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today?How many members are there in the House of Commons?To hold general elections, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 members in the House of Commnos.3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines?White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. (1) Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. (2) The loss o land to white people led to the breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. (3) After losing their land, Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol, which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. (4) The whites also brought many diseases which the Aborigines had no resistance to. (5) All these, combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal, political, economic and social discrimination today.4. Sinn FeinSinn Fein was the Irish guerrilla movement that wrested independence from the British in 1921. It spit in 1921 over the Anglo - Irish Treaty and became two parties, Fianna Fail and Fine Gael, which remains to be the two major political parties in Ireland today.VI. 1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today?There nave been four periods in the history of the two - party system in the United States.(1) During the Ratification period, the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights, the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. (2) After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson, the Democratic - Republican Party split. The main faction led by Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified, the majority of the Whig Party, part of the democrats, and other anti - slavery elements formed the Republican Party in 1854. (3) From 1860s to 1920s, the Republican Party dominated the political scene. (4) From the time of President Franklin Roosevelt to the 1980s, the Democratic Party was dominant, with short interruptions. Traditionally, the Democrats support government intervention in the economy and a strong social security system. While the Republicans stress the role of the market more and oppose large government social security programs. But the two parties are not really very different. They both believe in individualism, defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means of production. Their organizations are both very loose. But they are both very significant in political life.答案：解答 A Beowulf是Anglo-Saxon时代留下的重要的古英语文学作品，它被认为是英国的民族史诗。

(完整版)英语考研英美概况模拟题及答案精选全文

精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）英语考研英美概况模拟题American Survey Test地理1. The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. northeastern2. In eastern _____ lies Death Valley, 85 metres below sea level.A. CaliforniaB. UtahC. Arizona3. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB. Coast RangeC. Cascades Mountains4. The _____ lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia PlateausA. Great BasinB. Colorado ValleyC. Great Plains5. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming6. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River.A. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana7. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan8. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia9. Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.A. PotomacB. DelawareC. St. Laurence10. The width of the Niagara Fall is about _____ metres and the drop average _____ metres.A. 1650, 50B. 1240, 49C. 1540, 4911. _____ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western12. The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.A. IdahoB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Utah13. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston14. About _____ of the world’s annual agricultural products come from the United States.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds15. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky16. Mount Mekinley lies in the _____ Range.A. Sierra NevadaB. CascadesC. Alaska17. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____.A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami18. The world’s largest freshwater lake i s Lake _____.A. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria19. The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron20. _____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/321. Texas, having belonged to _____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico22. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific23. The American black population consists of _____ of the total population.A. 1/10B. 1/5C. 1/924. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska25. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth26. About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except _____.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of Mexico27. There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A.A. 8B. 3C. 628. Detroit is famous for the production of _____.A. automobileB. timberC. bamboo29. The City St. Louis in America is called the gateway towards the _____.A. EastB. WestC. NortheastD. Southwest30. The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”.A. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco31. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans32. The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of _____, providing _____ percent of the total output each year.A. Pittsburgh, 60B. Chicago, 50C. New York, 6033. The largest industrial city in America is _____.A. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston34. Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to _____.A. subtropicalB. continentalC. tropical35. ¬_____ is famous for many stores and shops.A. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth Avenue36. In _____ people can find the historical spot, the Independence National Historical Park.A. PhiladelphiaB. St. LouisC. San Francisco37. Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____.A. MaineB. MassachusettsC. Connecticut38. The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of _____.A. the GulfB. the AtlanticC. the PacificI. Fill in the blanks1. The United States is situated in the _____ part of _____ America.2. The U.S. is bounded by _____ on the north and by _____ and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.3. To the west of America lies the _____ Ocean.4. To the east of America lies the _____ Ocean.5. The seat of the American Federal Government is the District of _____.6. The _____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.7. The famous _____ National Park is located in the northwestern part of Wyoming.8. The western part of th e central plain is also called the “_____ _____”.9. The Mississippi River flows from the _____ lakes to the Gulf of _____.10. The lowest point in the whole of North America is _____ _____.11. The world-known _____ _____ lies in northern Arizona, which is cut by the Colorado River.12. The largest island salt lake in North America is the _____ _____ Lake.13. The United States includes _____ states and a _____ district, the District of Columbia.14. The Declaration of Independence was first read on July 4th, _____.15. The two main tributaries of the _____ River are the Missouri River and the Ohio River.16. The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of _____ and the United States.17. Through the middle of the country, north and south, runs a line which is known as the _____ _____ _____ _____.18. The South region in America has in general, a warm climate. People often call it the “_____ _____”.19. The largest state, _____, is famous for its glacier, waterfall and ripples.20. There rises the tendency of shifting the centre of industries from the _____ to the _____.21. The famous _____ _____ is known as the financial centre, the symbol of the American monopoly capitalism.22. _____ is the centre of theatres in America.23. The nickname of Pittsburgh is the _____ and _____ City.24. _____ is the second largest in population in the U.S.25. The two youngest states are _____ in the northeastern part of America and _____ in the central Pacific.26. Most of the inhabitants in the U.S. are of _____ origin.27. Negro slaves were first brought to America at the beginning of the _____ century.28. The Death Valley is _____ metres below sea level.29. The population of the United States is about _____ million.30. The Statue of Liberty Island in _____ _____ harbour.31. _____ _____ is the base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A.32. _____ _____ is the smallest state in size and the most densely populated state ofthe U.S.A.33. From a geographical point of view, the fifty states are grouped into _____ regions.34. The nickname of Houston City is _____ _____.35. _____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.36. _____ _____ is the longest and the most important river in the system of Gulf.37. The Library of Congress is in the city of _____.38. New England is located in the _____ corner of the country.39. The area of the Pacific coast is known for its growth of fruits, vegetables and wheat, especially in _____.40. The Middle Atlantic Region is marked by its industry. It is often called the _____ Northeast.II. Explain the Following Terms1. “The backbone of the continent”2. melting potIII. Answer the Following Questions1. Give a brief presentation of the U.S. economy.2. Why is Detroit famous?英语考研英美概况模拟题美国地理部分答案：Part II. BAAAC ACAAB BDAAB CCABA CCACC CBABB BAACC ABCII.1. central, north Canada, Mexico Pacific Atlantic Columbia eastern Yellowstone Great Plains Great, Mexico Death Valley Colorado Valley Great Salt 50, federal 1776 Mississippi Canada 50 centimetre Rainfall Line Sunny South Alaska Southwest Wall Street Broadway Iron, Steel Chicago Alaska, Hawaii European 17th 85 240/256 New York Pearl Harbour Rhode Island 8 Space City Hawaii Mississippi River Washington northeastern California IndustrialPart II 历史I. Multiple Choice1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier4. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148. Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9. The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A. New YorkB. SaratogaC. Bunker Hill10. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia14. The pamphlet “Common Sense” was written by _____.A. Thomas EdisonB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson15. The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____.A. the “Intolerable Acts”B. Un-American ActivitiesC. the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S. won the war.A. 1812, 1814B. 1813, 1815C. 1814, 181618. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/319. In 1844 the U.S. forced the Chinese Government to sign the first unequal treaty of _____.A. WangxiaB. NanjingC. Tianjin20. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A. 50, 1781B. 13, 1781C. 13, 178721. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington’s administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston22. It was _____ who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people.A. Alexander HamiltonB. Thomas JeffersonC. George Washington23. _____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison24. The War with England between 1812 and 1814 happened during the administration of President _____.A. James MadisonB. James MonroeC. John Adams25. The _____ stopped the Holy Alliance’s program, and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Sedition ActC. Holy Alliance26. _____ was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.A. John AdamsB. Andrew JacksonC. Andrew Johnson27. _____ made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska.A. Douglas BillB. Monroe DoctrineC. Sedition Act28. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond30. The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____ in 1898.A. BritainB. FranceC. Spain31. The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32. In 1918 President _____ issued the “Fourteen Points”.A. Woodrow WilsonB. William H. TaftC. Theodore RooseveltD. Warren G. Harding33. Haymarket Massacre took place in _____ in May 1886.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Washington34. In 1894, the American industrial production held the _____ place in the world.A. firstB. secondC. third35. McCarthy was notorious for his harsh _____ persecution of the progressive people.A. religiousB. spiritualC. political36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people37. On August 14, 1914, the U.S. and Britain issued a joint communiquécalled_____.A. the Teheran DeclarationB. the Atlantic CharterC. the Washington Proclamation38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called “_____”, invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39. The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A. Axis, AlliesB. Holy Alliance, AxisC. Central Powers, Allies41. The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Fedinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42. Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A. 33B. 38C. 3943. The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44. In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia45. _____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A. 48B. 47C. 4546. At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S. and Britain discussed the problem of opening the second battlefield in Europe.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Casablanca47. In July 1945, Britain, the U.S. and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupation policy and set up a program for the future of Germany. The meeting was the famous _____ Conference.A. CairoB. TeheranC. PotsdamD. Quebec48. The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A. Paris TreatyB. Versaills TreatyC. Teheran Treaty50. The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Potsdam51. The Communist Party of the US was founded in _____.A. 1920B. 1918C. 191952. The U.S. Communist Party was re-established in 1945 with _____ as its general secretary.A. LevestoneB. William FosterC. Earl Browder53. The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A. 1929, 1933B. 1933, 1937C. 1924, 192954. The programme of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War56. In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the _____.A. GermanyB. JapanC. Soviet Union57. The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____.A. 1939, 1945B. 1937, 1943C. 1938, 194558. After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A. the Allies, the Axis PowersB. the USSR, the USAC. the old capitalist countries, the new ones59. There occurred _____ economic crises from the end of WWII to the middle of the 1970’s.A. sixB. fiveC. seven60. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called _____ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighbourB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal61. The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A. Midway IslandB. BritainC. Normandy62. In Feb. _____ came President Nixon’s historic visit to China.A. 1979B. 1972C. 197363. In 1953, _____ ended in the failure of the U.S.A. the Korean WarB. the Vietnam WarC. the US-Spanish War64. On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbour, was suddenly attacked by the _____ air force and navy.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. Japanese65. The original Union consists of _____ at the time of its independence.A. 13B. 50C. 4866. The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A. the easternB. the westernC. the northern67. _____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A. The English KingB. the local governmentC. the local people68. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ as head.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and B69. _____ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A. King George IB. King George IIIC. King George II70. In 1945 a conference was held in _____ to found the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. ChicagoC. New York71. President Nixon visited China in _____.A. 1973B. 1974C. 197272. _____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A. Theodore RooseveltB. George WashingtonC. FranklinD. Roosevelt D. Thomas Jefferson73. The city’s name “Philadelphia” means _____.A. brotherly loveB. fishing pitC. philosophy1. It was _____ who first discovered the America in 1492.2. The New World was named after _____ Vespucci.3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.4. The Indians living in America are all _____ skinned and dark-haired.5. The War of _____ broke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.6. The First World War broke out on July 28th in _____.7. In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship called _____.8. On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declaration of _____ was accepted by the American Congress.9. The first English colony was _____.10. Lexington Fire was the _____ of the War of Independence.11. In 1803 the United States purchased Louisiana from _____.12. The U.S.- _____ War broke out in 1898.13. The Great Depression of 1929 - _____ shook the United States and the whole capitalist world to its foundation.14. The _____ _____ policy went into effect by the spring of 1947 when Truman Doctrine came forth.15. The Confederate Union of America consisted of _____ southern states.16. During the Civil War Lincoln took two important measures, one was the _____ _____, the other was the _____ _____.17. By the end of _____ century, the U.S. had become the most powerful country in the world.18. The U.S. bought the area of Alaska from _____ in 1867.19. The Constitution Convention lasted _____ weeks from May to September, _____.20. The Constitution drawn up at the end of Independence War is called the _____ of the Confederation.21. The Constitution of _____ established the dictatorship of the America bourgeoisiebig capitalists and big slave owners.22. The bourgeois democratic personages headed by Thomas Jefferson, were opposed to the Constitution. They were called _____.23. The people, headed by John Hamilton, who supported the Constitution of 1787, were called _____.24. During Washington’s administration Thomas Jefferson was appointed _____ of _____.25. The war with England between 1812-1814 was called the Second _____ of _____.26. President John Q. Adams was the son of the _____ president, John Adams.27. The forming of the _____ Alliance was to suppress the South American revolution.28. Andrew Jackson was the first president who developed the power of _____ into one of the means of making laws.29. The first great tide from 1840 to 1860 in America was the _____ movement.30. The famous novel “_____ _____ _____” by Mrs Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.31. A man named _____ _____ began a rising which aimed at solving the slavery trouble by force.32. In _____ the first group of English colonists came to America.33. From 1863 to 1867 _____ Reconstruction dominated the reconstruction of the south.34. With the passage of the military Reconstruction Act in March 1867 the power of Reconstruction of the south passed from president to the _____.35. The most notorious society which mainly persecuted the blacks was _____ _____ _____.36. The _____ _____ Conference in 1919 was in fact a meeting to divide the spoils and redivide the old colonies.37. The _____ Conference was the constitution of the Paris Peace Conference.38. The _____ post-war economic crisis occurred from 1973 to 1975 was the most serious crisis.39. The Communist Party of China sent _____ _____ _____ to attend the Conference of the founding of U.N. and signed the charter.40. The _____ Declaration was published at the Cairo Conference.41. The main force of the Japanese United Fleet was destroyed by America in the _____ _____ Battle.42. The _____ World War was a destructive war and an anti-fascist war.43. The _____ Programme was successfully carried out in 1969 and two American astronauts landed on the moon.44. After WWII the _____ _____ emerged on the scene and containment of Communism became the basis of the American foreign policy.45. The source of WWII in Europe came from _____.46. The direct cause that the U.S. entered WWII was the Japanese sudden raid of the US’s naval base at _____ _____.47. In 1939 Germany first launched the lightening attack on _____ and England and_____ then declared war on Germany.48. The dropping of the two atom bombs by America forced _____ to surrender unconditionally.49. The second post-war crisis occurred during 1953 and 1954 was caused by the _____ War.50. It was president _____ who moved toward improving relations with China.51. America participated in the Second World War in the year _____.52. In _____ China and U.S.A. normalized their relationship.53. The outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement was _____ _____ _____.54. _____ _____ uprising in 1859 helped the outbreak of the Civil War.55. “I know not what course others may take, but for me, give me liberty or give me death.” This was said by _____ _____.II. Define the Following Terms1. The Boston “Tea Party”2. The Westward Movement3. The Civil Rights Movement4. The Atlantic Charter5. The “Open Door Policy”6. The Cairo Declaration7. The Marshall PlanIII. Answer the Following Questions1. Please say something about the American War of Independence, including its cause, process and significance.2. What success did Washington’s administration achieved?3. Abraham Lincoln is usually regarded as the fulfilment of the “American Dream”. Why?4. What was Roos evelt’s role in the Second World War?英语考研英美概况模拟题美国历史部分答案：Part III. BDBBA ABCBA AABBC CABAB AABAA BABBC AABAC ABABC CBCAA BCABA CBABC CABAC ABACA AABBA CCAII.1. Columbus Amerigo Magellan red Independence 1914 Mayflower Independence Virginia prelude France Spanish 1933 Cold War 11 Homestead Bill, Emancipation Proclamation 19th Russia 13, 1787 Articles 1787 anti-federalist Federalists Secretary, State War, Independence second Holy veto Westward Uncle Tom’s Cabin John Brown 1607 Presidental Congress Ku Klux Klan Paris Peace Washington sixth deputy Dong Biwu Cairo Midway Island Second Apollo Communist Party Germany Pearl Harbour Poland Japan KoreanNixon 1941 1979 Martin Luther King John Brown Patrick Henry。

英美概况试题及答案考研

英美概况试题及答案考研一、选择题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 纽约C. 巴黎D. 柏林答案：A2. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A3. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 人民币答案：C4. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 4月16日D. 11月11日答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的全称是________。

答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的总统任期为________年。

答案：43. 英国的国花是________。

答案：玫瑰4. 美国的国花是________。

答案：玫瑰三、简答题1. 简述英国的地理位置。

答案：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛的北部分、以及周边的许多小岛组成。

2. 描述美国的政治体制。

答案：美国是一个联邦制国家，实行三权分立的政治体制，包括行政、立法和司法三个独立的分支。

四、论述题1. 分析英国和美国文化的主要差异。

答案：英国和美国文化的主要差异体现在语言、饮食、教育、法律和娱乐等方面。

例如，英国人更倾向于保守和传统的价值观，而美国人则更加自由和个人主义。

在饮食上，英国人喜欢传统的英式早餐，而美国人则偏爱快餐文化。

2. 讨论英美两国在国际事务中的作用。

答案：英国和美国在国际事务中扮演着重要的角色。

英国是联合国安全理事会的常任理事国之一，对全球政治和经济有着深远的影响。

美国作为世界上最大的经济体，其外交政策和军事行动对全球安全和稳定有着显著的影响。

(完整版)英美概况课后习题答案.docx

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be dividedinto and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods:Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxonsand the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1.What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2.What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?----Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government,and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1.What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2.What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engagedin agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxfordand Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1.What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2.Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of theservice industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teachwhat the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuitionfees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded thanmost state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News ofthe World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation ’ s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded asa” melting pot” and a” salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at thesame time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America ’s ecurity and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’ s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon ’ s-knownwell contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’ s economic program?Reagan’ s economic program ledcal for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government ’roles in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’ smore, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruitof victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “ checks and balances ” , the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms ofpolitical opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedomand demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice ofabortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas aboutthe American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American ’economics development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late20thcentury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America ’ s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country ’economics development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the newworld , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美概况练习参考答案

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(英国部分)(1)(总19页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）========================================== ==========PART ONE The United Kingdom Chapter One The LandP. 6II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.2. Four. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. Yes, it was.4. No, it isn’t.5. The “British Isles” is a group of islands including Great Britain,Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, Shetland Islands,the Isle of Wight, and many other smaller surrounding islands.There are two countries located on the islands: the UnitedKingdom and the Republic of Ireland.P. 10II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. England, Scotland, Ireland2. white, St. George, England, St. Andrew, Scotland, St. Patrick, IrelandIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T 4. T 5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. 1801.2. Because when the first version of the Union Flag appeared Waleswas already united with England and was therefore representedby the flag of England.3. Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Fiji.4. 1922.P. 12-13II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIII Answer the following questions.1. God Save the Queen.2. There are five verses in the full version of the song but usuallyonly the first verse is sung on official occasions.3. It’s u nknown.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 1745.5. It is played whenever the Queen makes a public appearance, and is played by theBBC every night before closedown.P. 16-17I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. million, 3002. England3. three4. 19485. LondonII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FP. 20III Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea2. Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland3. France4. the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Atlantic Ocean5. a sixthIV Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TV Answer the following questions.1. No.2. It covers about 245,000 square kilometers or 94,600 square miles.3. It is about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) long, and the widest partof Britain is about 480 kilometers.4. It has a land boundary with the Republic of Ireland as long as434 kilometers (270 miles).5. Scotland.P. 23-24II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. highland, lowland2. coastal areas, Scotland, Wales3. Severn, Thames4. Clyde5. The Dee6. Bann7. Lough Neagh, Lower Lough ErneIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the UK.2. 94.3. It’s Ben Nevis in Scotland, with a height of 1,344 metres (4,409feet) above sea level.4. Scotland.5. Owing to a relatively small island, the UK’s rivers are not very long.P. 25I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. coal2. iron ore3. tin4. those used in the construction and building industries such assand and gravel, limestone and gypsumII Answer the following questions.1. They are coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, tin, zinc, gold, chalk, salt, clay,limestone, gypsum, lead, silica, and so on.2. Coal.3. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 in the West Sole area of the North Sea.4. Oil was discovered in 1970 under the North Sea.5. Because coal can be produced more cheaply in other countries.6. The tin-mining industries have been hard hit by competition fromcheaper overseas producers, and by changes in governmentpolicy.P. 27II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. unique2. cool, mild3. 32, about4. west, south5. average annual temperature, average winter rainfallIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Such a statement has been made because of the changeability of theweatherconditions in Britain that can change so much from day to day, season to season.2. It can be as hot as 32°C (90°F), but mostly it only reaches 26°C.3. It’s about °C.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 17455. They are probably May, June, September and October.P. 40I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions., Guildhall, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower Bridge2. second, Athens of the North3. industrialized, the Industrial Revolution, fastest growing city4. the House’s Parliament, the two House’s of Parliament, Big Ben5. William the Conqueror, a royal residence, prison of state, Jewel House6. at the foot of the basalt cliffs, 40,000 massive black basalt columnsII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. T5. T6. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Manchester. Manchester United FC and Manchester City.2. Liverpool.P. 42-43I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 9, 322. 26, 63. 17, 3, 144. islandII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. An overseas territory is under British sovereignty but does notform part of the UK itself; a crown dependency is also undersovereignty of the UK but has a different constitutionalrelationship.2. Yes.Chapter Two The People and Their CultureP. 48I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, twenty-second2. , ,3. medical advances in the treatment of many illnesses and diseases4. Scotland5. 80 percent6. England, 3957. 4,700II Answer the following questions.1. 62,262,000.2. The chief reasons are 1) the increase in births and decrease indeaths; 2) the increase in net international migration to the UK;and 3) the increase in life expectancy.3. It is percent.4. It is migrant(s) per 1,000 population.5. It was 256 people per square kilometer.P. 49Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Immigration and migration from other countries2.3. 8%4.5. 2P. 52-53II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish2. English3. the three countries in Britain and Northern Ireland in Ireland, thefour countries themselves4. Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish5. secondIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Approximately 375 million people.2. Beside English there are also four Celtic languages in use in theUK, such as Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish.3. Because of the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popularmusic, trade and technology (including the Internet).4. The major differences are in phonology, phonetics, vocabulary,grammar and spelling.P. 56-57II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Christianity2. Roman Catholic, England3. Scotland4. Roman Catholic, the Presbyterian Church5. immigration6. 152,000III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Christianity.2. Queen Elizabeth II.3. Yes, they are.4. The Roman Catholic Church.5. The Roman Catholic Church.P. 60-61I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. conservative2. the weather3. Trooping the colour, Changing of the Guard4. Foot Guard, Household Cavalry5. palaceII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. D5. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It is true, its conservatism has something to do with the fact thatBritain is an island isolated from the European Continent and itsweather is frequently changing.2. It was for the soldiers to recognize their own regiment as soonas possible. It often takes place in London annually on thesecond Saturday in June.P. 67-68I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the death and his resurrection2. exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church,sharing meals with family and friends, waiting for FatherChristmas to arrive3. the seed of life4. go trick-or-treating and carve pumpkins5. slaveryII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. C5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It commemorates all those men and women who were killed duringthe two World Wars and other conflicts.2. In the past, hunting fox was a popular sport among the upperclasses. Now horsing racing and football are popular.3. Fasting is to develop patience and self-control, to learn sympathyfor the deprived, to cleanse the body and mind, to gainappreciation for Allah's bounty, to demonstrate the depth of one'scommitment, and to protect against sin.There are, then, three levels of the Ramadan fast:-Refraining from the physical things that are forbidden(performed with the mouth/stomach/sexual organs).-Restraining oneself from saying, hearing and looking atforbidden things (performed with the senses).-Renewing one's devotion to Allah (performed with the heart and mind).P. 71-72I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. welfare, from-cradle-to-grave2. the National Health Serviceretirement pension4. accidental injury at work, the conditions5. the Beveridge ReportII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. FP. 78I Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C 3. D 4. D (40改成47) 5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. F5. FP. 83I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. football2. Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool3. Wimbledon, Australian Open, French Open, US Open4. 18, 17, 15. Formula 1 British Grand Prix, the Wales Rally GB, the Festival ofSpeedII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, hockey, etc.2. Watchers can bet a horse to be thought to win.3. The Football Association Challenge Cup (英格兰足总杯). It is theoldest football competition in the world, founded in 1872. It's thecompetition that provides the opportunity for small, part-timeclubs to potentially go head to head with the big clubs of thePremiership.P. 88-89I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. freedom of the press, conflicts, freedom of access to information,the interests of the public, the privacy, individual2. entertainment, public opinion, political3. news, entertainment, sports4. the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Financial Times5. BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four, Channel FiveII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. B4. B5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T 4. F 5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. They are central to British leisure culture.2. Because it can bring buyers and sellers together, provide peoplewith the interactive platforms, and people can use it to do digitalmarketing, e-commerce, management, etc.P. 93-94I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 37, 1542. evolutionary, natural selection, The Origin of Species, The Descent of Man.3. James Cook4. Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, James Cook, Stephen Hawking,Winston Churchill, Diana SpencerII Answer the following questions.1. Stephen Hawking is a British theoretical physicist noted for hisresearch into the origin of the universe. His work influenced thedevelopment of the big bang and black hole theories.2. He was the 20th century's most famous and celebrated Prime Ministerwho led Britain to victory in World War Two. He workedtirelessly throughout the war, building strong relations with USPresident Roosevelt while maintaining a sometimes difficultalliance with the Soviet Union.Chapter Three A Brief History of the United KingdomP. 97-98I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Ice Age2. Beaker Folk3. The Celts4. the Irish, the Welsh5. DruidismII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 3000 and 2000 BC2. Three Waves. The first wave was the Gaels who came around600 BC; the second wave was the Britons who came around 400BC, and the third wave was the Belgae who came around 150BC.3. The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had comebefore, began to arrive in Britain at about 700 BC and keptcoming until the arrival of the Romans.P. 100-101I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Julius Caesar2. 433. Boadica, Londinium4. 410 AD5. YorkII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. C4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 55 and 54 BC.2. The invasion of British Isles.3. Firstly, the resistance of the British people was strong. Secondly,Roman troops were often withdrawn from Britain to fight inother parts of the Roman Empire.4. 400 years.5. The Romans also made good use of Britain’s natural resources,mining lead, iron and tin and manufacturing pottery, etc.P. 104I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Jutes, Saxons and Angles2. English3. Mercia, Offa’s Dyke4. St. Augustine5. Archbishop of CanterburyII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. C3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F 4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The seven kingdoms are: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia,Mercia and North Umbria.2. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derivefrom the names of the gods of Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic religion:Tiu, the god of war, Wooden, king of heaven, Thor, the god ofstorms, and Freya, goddess of peace.3. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts andshire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law.Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farmingsystem in use up to the 18th century. Thirdly, they alsoestablished the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witanto advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still existstoday.P. 106-107I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Edward2. William the Conqueror3. William (此题印刷有错，需把句子中的William删掉)II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. TIV Answer the following question1.Edward was called Edward the Confessor as he was a very religiousman and would often go to church and confess to sins. The title"confessor" also distinguished this Edward from Edward the Martyr(c962-979). Edward was later made a saint, due to his building ofWestminster Abbey and efforts in other churches.2.The Norman Conquest replaced the loosely organized Anglo-Saxon kingdom with a feudal system based on land ownership bya hereditary aristocracy that owed its position - and thereforelands and loyalty - to a strong central authority with a hereditarysuccession. In addition, there were other changes such as inEnglish emigration and Norman immigration, women’s rights,language, etc.3.There are four. They were the King of Norway, the Duke ofNormandy, and two brothers of Edward’s Queen, named Edith,and Harold Godwinson.P. 110-111I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. an English charter2. 1337, 14533. territorial, economic4. 1348 - 1350II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. C3. B4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Feudalism in England was established by William theConqueror and the Normans following the defeat of theEnglish Anglo Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.2. Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued by KingJohn of England at Runnymede in the English county of Surreyunder compulsion from the church and his barons on 15 June1215. The charter was reissued later for several times inmodified versions which omitted certain temporary provisions,including the most direct challenges to the monarch'sauthority, which had a huge influence on the developing legalsystem of England.3. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France andtheir various allies for control of the French throne. It was the result of adynastic disagreement dating back to William the Conqueror whobecame King of England in 1066, while remaining Duke of Normandy.As dukes of Normandy and other lands on the continent, the Englishkings owed homage to the King of France. In 1337 Edward III ofEngland refused to pay homage to Philip VI of France, leading theFrench king to claim confiscation of Edward's lands in Aquitaine.4. The war was in fact a series of separate wars and is commonlydivided into three phases. First, the English won a great navalvictory at Sluys in 1340, then an equally decisive land battlenear Calais at Crecy in 1346. Then the English went on to takeCalais; and in 1356 at Poitiers they won another victory overthe French King who was taken prisoner and held to ransom.5. The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemicdiseases in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348and 1349, and killing nearly half of Europe’s population.Additionally, The Black Death is thought to have started in Asia.It then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimeaby 1346. From there, it was probably carried by Oriental ratfleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers onmerchant ships. All in all, the plague reduced the worldpopulation from an estimated 450?million to a numberbetween 350 and 375?million in the 14th century. Moreover,the impact of the Black Death upon the future of England wasgreater than upon any other European country. The BlackDeath has been seen as creating a series of religious, socialand economic upheavals which changed the face of theEnglish society in a profound way.P. 115I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 1642-1646, 1647-16492. Puritan Revolution3. overthrew, foundation, beginning4. the Glorious Revolution of 16885. The Bill of RightsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. D4. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FP. 118I Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. D5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. TIII Answer the following questions.1. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to newmanufacturing processes that occurred in the period fromabout 1760 to some time between 1820 and 1840. Thistransition included going from hand production methods tomachines, new chemical manufacturing and iron productionprocesses, improved efficiency of water power, the increasinguse of steam power and development of machine tools. Thetransition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. The Industrial revolution began in England andwithin a few decades spread to Western Europe and the United States.2. The accumulation of capital; the development of capitalist farming; the appearance of a labour reserve; and the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign.3. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production. Within a short period the Industrial Revolution took over all industries in Britain and replaced other systems of production. And it improves the living standards. Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in often miserable and squalid conditions. And etc.4. The industrial revolution was a period in Britain from mid-1700sto the mid-1800s in which power-driven machines in factories replaced manual labor. The industrial revolution resulted from advances in applied science and engineering, such as thedevelopment of steam engines (especially those of the inventor James Watt). Much of the laboring population, previouslylargely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial townsand cities, where they were housed and employed in miserable conditions.5. The causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution arecomplicated and remain a topic for debate. The referenceanswer is as follows:Causes:-Iron renovations: stronger, better quality iron-Labor surplus—more jobs, more people to do jobs-Stable agricultural society—the agricultural revolutionimproved food supply and quality; created a strong base for industrialization-High food supply—stated above; more farmland + moretransportation = more crops-Ready capital—constant supply of money-Population growth—due to food supply-Government allowed fencing off lands—peasants nowneeded work after being kicked off private farmland-Entrepreneurs—people wanted to make money through new ways and opportunities-Plentiful natural resources—rivers = water power for steamengine and transportation, iron ore and coal = fuel-Relatively free society—government usually exhibited laissezfaire (let people do what they want), economy regulated itself, ideas circulated freely-Ready market—ships could deliver and transport-Stable government—strong central government to support the peopleEffects:-Better transportation—faster, cheaper-Long distance communications—telegraphs, etc. linked nations from coast to coast-Money to be made—capitalism: investments, inventing, selling, producing-Bad working conditions—disease, deformations, long, hard hours-Child abuse-New inventions—locomotives (railroads), purer iron, factories, spinning jenny, steam engines, steamboats...etc-Rural workers became urban workers-Increased production rates (everything machine made)-Family life disrupted—families were separated, women and children also labored-Bad pay—women paid half or less than men-Migration and population boom in cities—everyone flockedto cities to work in factories-Industrialization "age"—spread to Europe and around theworld-Social classes formed—industrial middle class and industrialworking classes emerged-Industrial capitalism took hold—economic system ofmanufacturingP. 121I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Reform Act2. The New Poor Law3. charter of political demands (A People's Charte)4. Moral Force Chartists, Physical Force ChartistsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. B3. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Charter Movement was a movement for political and socialreform in Britain during the mid-19th century, between 1838 and1850. In the years 1839, 1842 and 1848, the Chartist Movementurged Parliament to adopt three great petitions. Of these, thebest known is the final petition, with six million signatures (although a number of these were later found to be fake), presented to Parliament on 10th April 1848 after a huge meeting on Kennington Common. This event achieved great prominence in the story of Chartism, due largely to the reaction of the authorities as they faced the challenges of that turbulent year. 2. Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed in the British parliament. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished “rotten Boroughs”, and redistributed parliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns. It also gave the vote to many householders and tenants, based on the value of their property. The New Poor Law of 1834 forced the poor people into work houses instead of giving them sufficient money to survive in their own homes. The 6 points in the People’s Charter were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although the sixth has never been practical. Lenin said the Chartist Movement was "the first broad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement."3. The movement failed for a number of reasons:-It failed to obtain parliamentary support for the Charter.-The middle-classes ignored, shunned or condemned Chartism. -Chartists were divided among themselves.-Government handled the movement firmly and calmly.-Chartist demands were too drastic.-There was too much diversity in the intellectual and ideologicalaims of Chartism.-Other movements offering more immediate and tangiblebenefits attracted chartists.-The socio-economic position improved after 1842. Prosperityeliminated mass support.-Chartism and the Chartists were made to look ridiculous afterKennington Common, and the failure of the Land Plan.-The changing sociology of England after railways fragmentedthe apparent unity of the working classes.P. 124I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the 16th century, 15832. England, Scotland3. Jamestown4. million5. the 20th centuryII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. A3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. TP. 128I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Entente Powers, Central Powers of Germany2. Britain, economy3. New York stock market4. Battle of Britain5. ConservativeII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1.T2. T3. F4. FIII Answer the following questions.1. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ofAustria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by aYugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia was the spark of the war.It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against the Kingdom ofSerbia. Several alliances formed over the previous decades wereinvoked, so, within weeks, the major powers were at war; viatheir colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world.2. Britain was one of the main countries fighting on the side of theEntente againstthe Central Powers. Britain, together with its empire, went to warearly in August。

《英美概况》试题(附答案)word文本

英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth1. The highest mountain in Britain isA. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames2. The longest river in Britain is3. The largest lake in Britain isA. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly fromA. EuropeB. the UnitedC. AfricaD. the West IndiesStates6. The first inhabitants in Britain wereA. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began withA. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, ___actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day __, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 __summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.12. The Hundred Years ' war srttaed in __________ and ended in ________ , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of .A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _________ was replaced by king __ .A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in __ in the early _ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called .A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In ___, a small group of Puritans sailed from i n the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. ___ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January __ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after __ , Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except .A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain ' s foreign trade is mainly with _ .A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every years and there are __ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in .A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in .A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include .A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _______________________________ passes sentenced and decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. __ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates ' courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London ' s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of .A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in ______________________________ and based at first on ____________________________________________________ .A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except .A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that __ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend .A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some __ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except .A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation ' s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in ___________________A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America ' s most important __________ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that .A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _ .A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from _______________ and .A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom ' s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves。

英美概况试题及答案考研

英美概况试题及答案考研英美概况试题及答案（模拟）一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 美国的国庆日是哪一天？A. 1月1日B. 7月4日C. 12月25日D. 11月11日答案：B2. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 爱丁堡B. 伦敦C. 曼彻斯特D. 利物浦答案：B3. 美国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 英镑C. 美元D. 日元答案：C4. 以下哪位是英国历史上著名的首相？A. 温斯顿·丘吉尔B. 阿道夫·希特勒C. 弗拉基米尔·普京D. 乔治·华盛顿答案：A5. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：C6. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 法语C. 德语D. 西班牙语答案：A7. 美国的哪个州被誉为“黄金之州”？A. 德克萨斯州B. 加利福尼亚州C. 纽约州D. 佛罗里达州答案：B8. 英国的哪个城市是欧洲最大的金融中心之一？A. 爱丁堡B. 曼彻斯特C. 伦敦D. 利物浦答案：C9. 美国的宪法制定于哪一年？A. 1776年B. 1787年C. 1789年D. 1791年答案：B10. 英国的哪个王室成员是现任女王？A. 伊丽莎白一世B. 维多利亚女王C. 伊丽莎白二世D. 玛格丽特公主答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 美国的独立宣言是在________年签署的。

答案：177612. 英国的国歌是《________》。

答案：天佑女王（或天佑吾王，取决于当前君主的性别）13. 美国的第一任总统是________。

答案：乔治·华盛顿14. 英国的议会分为上议院和________。

答案：下议院15. 美国的白宫位于________市。

答案：华盛顿特区16. 英国的温莎城堡是________的官邸。

答案：英国君主17. 美国的自由女神像位于________州。

答案：纽约18. 英国的剑桥大学和________大学是该国最著名的两所大学。

英美概况课后习题答案全版.docx

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angele s and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美概况考试试题集

英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一）British Survey TestPart I Geography1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary.A. WalesB. ScotlandC. England5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18017. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces.A. 13B. 12C. 148. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____.A. north to southB. south to northC. east to west10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. Vale of Eden11. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. SevernB. ClydeC. Bann12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short.A. North SeaB. English ChannelC. Dee estuary15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. England16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____.A. CotswoldsB. Oxford ClayC. Pennines17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.A. 50%B. 38%C. 42%18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____.A. 1964B. 1946C. 169420. Britain is basically an importer of _____.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B21. British farmers produce enough food to supply _____ of the needs of the population.A. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/222. Britain’s main cereal crop is _____.A. oatsB. cornC. barleyD. rye23. The center of the Britain financial system is _____.A. Bank of EnglandB. Bank of BritainC. Bank of U.K.24. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes25. “Black Country” refers to _____.A. countryside in EnglandB. an area around BirminghamC. a country in Africa26. The second largest port in Britain is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ .A. 410B. 750C. 30029. The U.K. is rich in the following except _____.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin30. The decrease of British population is caused by the following except _____.A. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment31. The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%32. The Queen’s University is in the city of _____.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. Manchester33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9035. The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland does not exceed _____ million acres.A. 30B. 25C. 4036. The highest mountain in England is _____.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell37. The second largest city in England is _____.A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester38. The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39. Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western40. By the Act of Union in _____, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was adopted.41. _____ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland42. The _____ End includes Westminster, St. James’ PalaceA. EastB. WestC. North43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. England1. The U.K. is situated in _Northwestern____ Europe.2. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____ _____.3. The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.4. The largest part of U.K. is _____.5. The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.6. _____ _____ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union with Great Britain.7. The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by the present name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in _____.8. The highest mountain in Britain is _____ _____.9. The “Backbone of England” refers to the _____.10. Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the _____ _____.11. The most important river is the River of _____.12. The political centre of the Commonwealth is _____.13. Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _____ _____.14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.16. The Bank of England was founded in _____.17. The population of the U.K. is more than _____ million.18. Britain is basically an exporter of _____.19. The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the _____.20. In Wales many people speak _____.21. People sing the national anthem in _____.22. The earliest invasion is that by the _____-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians.23. The modern _____ and _____ are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtic tribes.24. The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____.25. Greater London is made up of 12 _____ London boroughs and _____ Outer London boroughs.26. The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of _____.27. The British national anthem is _____ _____ _____ _____.28. The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.29. Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the _____ End.30. River _____ flows through Glasgow.31. Mt. Seafell stands in _____.32. The source of the River _____ is in the Cotswolds.33. The capital city of Wales is _____.34. The United Kingdom is rich in _____, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver.35. Define the Following Terms36. “Backbone of England”:Pennines37. Greater London38. Celts39. The “Irish Question”I. Answer the Following Questions英美概况一答案Part I DCBAA CAAAB ABBBB ABABD ACACB CBBCD BADAA CBABA CBDII. Northwestern Great Britain, Northern Ireland Scottish, Welsh England London Northern Ireland 1921 Ben Nevis Pennines North Sea Thames London Northern Ireland Atlantic Gulf Stream 1750, 1850 1694 57 manufacture Irish Welsh English dark Scots, Irish Welsh Inner, 20 Edinburgh God Save the Queen North West Clyde England Thames Cardiff coal英美概况英国历史部分History1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain __B___.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of __B___.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _B____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late __C__ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th5. In 1653 _A____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _A____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _D____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury8. The ___B__ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from __D___.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10. Edward was known as the “__A___” because of his reputation for saintliness.]A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11. Norman Conquest began in __B___.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history ___A__ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13. In 1181 Henry II issued the ___B__ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _B____.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15. Henry II appointed in 1162 _A____ Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16. Charles I was beheaded in _A____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317. It was __A___ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18. The Great Charter contained __C___ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _B____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20. The English Church was strictly __A___.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a __A___.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _A____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in __A___ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in ___C.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by ___C__ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to ___C__ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27. It was ___B__ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28. The first Prime Minister was __C___.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29. The Parliament of 1265 w hich is known as the “__A___” is considered the “beginning ofparliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _B____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century __B___ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32. Prime Minister ___A__ resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33. By the end of the Hundred Years’ War only the port of __C___ remained under English rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34. In the 14th century took place the ___B__, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35. __A___ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _A____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37. In the “___B__” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under a very expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _B____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from ___C__ to _____.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640. William Shakespeare is mainly a _B____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. __A___ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42. The ___A__ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43. ___A__ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_B____”, accor ding to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I __C___ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility between England and _A____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of ___B__.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _B____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in __B___.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50. From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of ___B__.A. ToryB. WhigC. Labour51. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52. At the End of __B__ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from __A___ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154. In 1689 Parliament passed “__B___”, limiting the powers of the crow n.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55. __A___ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56. The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in ___C__.A. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57. Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _B____.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58. The Victorian Age was over the __A___ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59. The ___B__ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60. The Great Charter was essentially a __C___.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. ___B__ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War62. The Reformation was a product of _A____.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ War63. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _A____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64. The English Revolution marks the beginning of the __B___ period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65. By the ____B_ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66. The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in __C___.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _C____.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68. __A___ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69. By the ___A__ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70. The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as ___C__.A. William Shakespeare & Ben JonsonB. Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71. Before WWII __A___ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions that might lead to war.A. Neville Chamberlain A. Stanley Baldwin C. Winston Churchill72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called _B____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73. The first coalition government during WWI was organized when __B___ was the Prime Minister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74. When Germany invaded __C__ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. Poland1. At about 3000 BC, some of the _____ settled in Britain.2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and , the _____ built Hadrian’s Wall.3. The real Roman conquest began in _____.4. _____ _____’s “Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.5. Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to _____ Times.6. _____ was considered the first national hero.7. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.8. In history John was nicknamed King of _____.9. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or _____ _____.10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.16. The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.17. The head of the _____ was Archbishop of _____.18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.19. The People’s Charter included _____ points such as universal male suffrage.20. The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of _____ in 1842.21. After the Crimean War _____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.22. The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of _____ _____ rising.23. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.24. The Enclosure Movement began in the _____ century.25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.27. The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____ companies.28. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _, the English Church was strictly ___.29. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called “_____” Mary.30. “Renaissance” means “___”, . Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient G reek and Rome.31. During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called “__”.32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.35. The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ whose work _____ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.36. English Renaissance began in _____ century.37. The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 – 1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.40. The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _____.41. The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.42. The basic point of the People’s Charter is _____ _____.43. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.44. From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of ____ _____.45. The Parliament passed the Act of __ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son from the succession.46. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.47. In September 1939 Germany invaded _____, thus Britain and France declared war on Germany.48. The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.49. The steam engine was invented by _____ _____ in 1769.50. Samuel Crompton invented the _____ _____ in 1779.51. Edmund Cartwright invented the _____ _____ in 1785.52. Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.53. In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _____.54. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____ _____ _____”.55. On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and _____ was formed.56. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _____ war because it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted _____ years.57. At the _____ _____ _____, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.58. The _____ _____ of 1926 was Austen chamberlain’s chief cl aim to fame as foreign secretary.59. On May 7, 1945, _____ surrendered unconditionally.60. It was _____ _____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.61. When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the _____ system was established. Explain the Following Terms英美概况自测题（二）英国历史部分答案I. BBBCA ADBDA 11-15 BABBA 16-20 AACBA AAACC CBAAB 31-35BACBA ABBCB 41-45AAABC ABBBB 51-55 ABABA CBABC 61-65BAABB CCAAC 71-74ABBC1. II. Iberians Romans 43 John Milton Anglo-Saxon Alfred William Lackland Magna Carta Domesday Bede Hastings feudalism Conqueror French Great Council Church Glorious Revolution 6 Nanjing Russia Watt Tyler’s2. Lancasterians, Yorkists 15th Paris 1840 Chartered international, national Bloody rebirth humanists feudal civil money Invincible Armada Thomas More, Utopia 16th Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord Protector Paris Tory, Whig universal suffrage Spinning Jenny splendid isolation Settlement Commonwealth Poland 18th James Watt Spinning Mule Power Loom Industrial Revolution Manchester Act of Supremacy Italy world, 4 Paris Peace Conference Locarno Treaty Germany Winston Churchill cabinet英语考研英美概况模拟题（三）英国文化部分CultureMultiple Choice1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of ___ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or parallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to_ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15. British newspapers possess the following features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16. The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17. _____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18. The most humorous magazine is _____.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19. In the UK there are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020. There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers I. CAACA ACBAB23. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25. The BBC is mainly financed by _____.A. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _____.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27. Reuters was founded in the year of _____.A. 1518B. 1815C. 185128. The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29. _____ is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30. _____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31. _____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34. Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.A. LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35. It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas NewcomerC. James Watt36. _____ discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176038. The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____ became its president.A. Robert BoyleB. Issae NewtonC. Francis Bacon39. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.A. IrishB. ScottishC. English40. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.A. John DaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Robert Boyle41. The minor’s safety lamp was invented by _____.A. Francis BaconB. William HarveyC. Humphy Davy42. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____.A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virology43. _____ is considered the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. John Donne44. Big Ben is the nickname of _____.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Sir Benjamin HallC. the 315-foot Clock Tower。

英美概况考试试题集

英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一）British Survey TestPart I Geography1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary.A. WalesB. ScotlandC. England5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18017. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces.A. 13B. 12C. 148. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____.A. north to southB. south to northC. east to west10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. Vale of Eden11. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. SevernB. ClydeC. Bann12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short.A. North SeaB. English ChannelC. Dee estuary15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. England16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____.A. CotswoldsB. Oxford ClayC. Pennines17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.A. 50%B. 38%C. 42%18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____.A. 1964B. 1946C. 169420. Britain is basically an importer of _____.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B21. British farmers produce enough food to supply _____ of the needs of the population.A. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/222. Britain’s main cereal crop is _____.A. oatsB. cornC. barleyD. rye23. The center of the Britain financial system is _____.A. Bank of EnglandB. Bank of BritainC. Bank of U.K.24. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes25. “Black Country” refers to _____.A. countryside in EnglandB. an area around BirminghamC. a country in Africa26. The second largest port in Britain is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30029. The U.K. is rich in the following except _____.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin30. The decrease of British population is caused by the following except _____.A. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment31. The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%32. The Queen’s University is in the city of _____.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. Manchester33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9035. The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland does not exceed _____ million acres.A. 30B. 25C. 4036. The highest mountain in England is _____.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell37. The second largest city in England is _____.A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester38. The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39. Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western40. By the Act of Union in _____, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was adopted.41. _____ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland42. The _____ End includes Westminster, St. James’ PalaceA. EastB. WestC. North43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. England1. The U.K. is situated in _Northwestern____ Europe.2. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____ _____.3. The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.4. The largest part of U.K. is _____.5. The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.6. _____ _____ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union with Great Britain.7. The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by thepresent name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in _____.8. The highest mountain in Britain is _____ _____.9. The “Backbone of England” refers to the _____.10. Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the _____ _____.11. The most important river is the River of _____.12. The political centre of the Commonwealth is _____.13. Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _____ _____.14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.16. The Bank of England was founded in _____.17. The population of the U.K. is more than _____ million.18. Britain is basically an exporter of _____.19. The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the _____.20. In Wales many people speak _____.21. People sing the national anthem in _____.22. The earliest invasion is that by the _____-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians.23. The modern _____ and _____ are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtic tribes.24. The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____.25. Greater London is made up of 12 _____ London boroughs and _____ OuterLondon boroughs.26. The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of _____.27. The British national anthem is _____ _____ _____ _____.28. The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.29. Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the _____ End.30. River _____ flows through Glasgow.31. Mt. Seafell stands in _____.32. The source of the River _____ is in the Cotswolds.33. The capital city of Wales is _____.34. The United Kingdom is rich in _____, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver.35. Define the Following Terms36. “Backbone of England”:Pennines37. Greater London38. Celts39. The “Irish Question”I. Answer the Following Questions英美概况一答案Part I DCBAA CAAAB ABBBB ABABD ACACB CBBCD BADAA CBABA CBDII. Northwestern Great Britain, Northern Ireland Scottish, Welsh England London Northern Ireland 1921 Ben Nevis Pennines North Sea Thames London Northern Ireland Atlantic Gulf Stream 1750, 1850 1694 57 manufacture Irish Welsh English dark Scots, Irish Welsh Inner, 20 Edinburgh God Save the Queen North West Clyde England Thames Cardiff coal英美概况英国历史部分History1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain __B___.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of __B___.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _B____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late __C__ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th5. In 1653 _A____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _A____ and the Jutes whichinvaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _D____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury8. The ___B__ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from __D___.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10. Edward was known as the “__A___” because of his reputation for saintliness.]A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11. Norman Conquest began in __B___.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history ___A__ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13. In 1181 Henry II issued the ___B__ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _B____.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15. Henry II appointed in 1162 _A____ Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16. Charles I was beheaded in _A____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317. It was __A___ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18. The Great Charter contained __C___ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _B____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20. The English Church was strictly __A___.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a __A___.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _A____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in __A___ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in ___C.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by ___C__ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to ___C__ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27. It was ___B__ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28. The first Prime Minister was __C___.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29. The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the “__A___”is considered the “beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _B____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century __B___ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32. Prime Minister ___A__ resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33. By the end of the Hundred Years’ War only the port of __C___ remained under English rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34. In the 14th century took place the ___B__, the severest of many plagues in themiddle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35. __A___ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _A____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37. In the “___B__” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under a very expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _B____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from ___C__ to _____.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640. William Shakespeare is mainly a _B____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. __A___ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42. The ___A__ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43. ___A__ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_B____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I __C___ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility between England and _A____ resulted in the Hundred Years’War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of ___B__.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _B____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in __B___.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50. From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of ___B__.A. T oryB. WhigC. Labour51. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52. At the End of __B__ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from __A___ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154. In 1689 Parliament passed “__B___”, limiting the powers of the crown.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55. __A___ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56. The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in ___C__.A. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57. Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _B____.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58. The Victorian Age was over the __A___ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59. The ___B__ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60. The Great Charter was essentially a __C___.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. ___B__ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War62. The Reformation was a product of _A____.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ War63. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _A____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64. The English Revolution marks the beginning of the __B___ period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65. By the ____B_ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66. The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in __C___.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _C____.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68. __A___ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69. By the ___A__ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70. The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as ___C__.A. William Shakespeare & Ben JonsonB. Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71. Before WWII __A___ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions that might lead to war.A. Neville Chamberlain A. Stanley Baldwin C. Winston Churchill72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascistcountries formed a united international alliance which was called _B____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73. The first coalition government during WWI was organized when __B___ was the Prime Minister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74. When Germany invaded __C__ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. Poland1. At about 3000 BC, some of the _____ settled in Britain.2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and , the _____ built Hadrian’s Wall.3. The real Roman conquest began in _____.4. _____ _____’s “Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.5. Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to _____ Times.6. _____ was considered the first national hero.7. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.8. In history John was nicknamed King of _____.9. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or _____ _____.10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.16. The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.17. The head of the _____ was Archbishop of _____.18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.19. The People’s Charter included _____ points such as universal male suffrage.20. The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of _____ in 1842.21. After the Crimean War _____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.22. The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of _____ _____ rising.23. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.24. The Enclosure Movement began in the _____ century.25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.27. The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____ companies.28. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _, the English Church was strictly ___.29. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, forwhich she was called “_____” Mary.30. “Renaissance” means “___”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.31. During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called “__”.32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.35. The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ whose work _____ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.36. English Renaissance began in _____ century.37. The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 – 1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.40. The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _____.41. The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.42. The basic point of the People’s Charter is _____ _____.43. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.44. From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of ____ _____.45. The Parliament passed the Act of __ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son from the succession.46. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.47. In September 1939 Germany invaded _____, thus Britain and France declared war on Germany.48. The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.49. The steam engine was invented by _____ _____ in 1769.50. Samuel Crompton invented the _____ _____ in 1779.51. Edmund Cartwright invented the _____ _____ in 1785.52. Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.53. In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _____.54. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____ _____ _____”.55. On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and _____ was formed.56. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _____ war because it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted _____ years.57. At the _____ _____ _____, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.58. The _____ _____ of 1926 was Austen chamberlain’s chief claim to fame as foreignsecretary.59. On May 7, 1945, _____ surrendered unconditionally.60. It was _____ _____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.61. When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the _____ system was established.Explain the Following Terms英美概况自测题（二）英国历史部分答案I. BBBCA ADBDA 11-15 BABBA 16-20 AACBA AAACC CBAAB 31-35BACBA ABBCB 41-45AAABC ABBBB 51-55 ABABA CBABC 61-65BAABB CCAAC 71-74ABBC1. II. Iberians Romans 43 A.D John Milton Anglo-Saxon Alfred William Lackland Magna Carta Domesday Bede Hastings feudalism Conqueror French Great Council Church Glorious Revolution 6 Nanjing Russia Watt Tyler’s2. Lancasterians, Yorkists 15th Paris 1840 Chartered international, national Bloody rebirth humanists feudal civil money Invincible Armada Thomas More, Utopia 16th Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord Protector Paris Tory, Whig universalsuffrage Spinning Jenny splendid isolation Settlement Commonwealth Poland 18th James Watt Spinning Mule Power Loom Industrial Revolution Manchester Act of Supremacy Italy world, 4 Paris Peace Conference Locarno Treaty Germany Winston Churchill cabinet英语考研英美概况模拟题（三）英国文化部分CultureMultiple Choice1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of ___ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or parallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus”examination would go to_ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15. British newspapers possess the following features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16. The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily T elegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17. _____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18. The most humorous magazine is _____.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19. In the UK there are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020. There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers I. CAACA ACBAB23. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25. The BBC is mainly financed by _____.A. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _____.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27. Reuters was founded in the year of _____.A. 1518B. 1815C. 185128. The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29. _____ is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30. _____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31. _____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34. Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.A. LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35. It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas NewcomerC. James Watt36. _____ discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176038. The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____ became its president.A. Robert BoyleB. Issae NewtonC. Francis Bacon39. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.。

考研试题(与英美概况有关试题) Microsoft Word 文档

北京第二外国语大学试卷（2004）综合考试（英美文学）作家及作品等(40%)语言学部分(30%) 英美概况：(40%) 翻译：(40%)（汉译英20%，英译汉20%）I.Answer all the following questions.(10%)Explain the following :1.the Pilgrims(1) In England, there had been a group of people called Puritan who had broken away from the Church of England and formed their own churches. Later they fled to Holland to escape the persecution in their native land. (2) Several years passed when they were again threatened by religious suppression, they thought of moving, and this time to American. (3) They began to call themselves Pilgrim because of their wanderings in search of religious freedom. (4) In 1620, they crossed the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts.2. Boston Tea Party (1) In the years following the French and Indian War, British Government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists.(2) In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea. (3) In 1773, a group of patriots responed to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party. Disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbour. (4) British parliament then passed “ the Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this, the First Continental was held in Sep.1774.II. Choose the correct answer in each of the following(15%)1.美国独立前有几个洲（35 1348 50）2.哪一个不是New England 的洲（Connecticut New York State New Hampshire Vermont）3.哪个州是最晚加入the Union （Kentucky Pennsylvania Arizona Alaska）4.下列那个名称不在New York City（Hollywood Broadway Rockefeller Centre Harlem）5. 那几个州是大西洋中部的洲（mid-Atlantic States）(6 5 11 4) III．（15%）Explain the characteristics of the uniformity in American cultureand give your own evaluation.北京第二外国语大学试卷（2005）综合考试(英美文学)(50%) 语言学部分（50%）综合考试（英1，英2）（英美概况）（50%）I. 解释（15%）1.pioneering spirit (1) In the mid-nineteenth centry, it was this pioneering spirit that led American settlers to travel westward by the thousands in search of land and gold. (2) It is still an important part of the American character . (3) Today, Northerners and Midwesterners are attracted to the West because of good business opportunities and a mild climate.2. Separation of powers Influenced by Montesquieu‟s theory of division of powers, the US Constitution ruled that political structures should share out political power between legislative, executive and judicial authorities, and that these authorities should exercise checks against each other.II.选择正确答案（15%）1.下面有关美国宪法的表述那个是不对的。

英语考研英美概况模拟题

英语考研英美概况模拟题Political System1. The British Monarchy is hereditary2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the __17th __ century.3. The __ Crown _ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _ the House of Lords ___.5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is __ the Cabinet __.6. The life of Parliament is fixed at ___ five _ years.7. The House of Commons consists of _651___ members who are elected from the _651____ electoral districts.8. The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, V iscount and Baron, are __ hereditary __.9. The quorum in the House of Commons is ___ forty _ members.10. The _ British government _ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.11. The __ Cabinet is the core of leadership of the British government.12. The Privy Council was established in the 15th century when __ Henry V __ was on the throne.13. Not until ___1937 _ could the cabinet have a legal basis.14. The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about ___20 __.15. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is __ Lord Chancellor __.16. ___ The Labour Party _ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives, the Social Democratic Federation, the Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900.17. It is the _ Prime Minister __ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.18. The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _ Opposition ___.19. London, because of its special location, is divided into _32____ boroughs and the city of London.20. “The Morning Star” is the official paper of the ___ Communist Party __.21. The following persons except ___ criminals _ have no right to vote.22. In England and Wales, the jury consists of ___ twelve _ people in criminal and civil cases.23. Legally any citizen aged from ___18__ to __65___ who has never been sent to prison can be a member of the jury.24. The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _ Chief Constable __.25. A __ barrister ___ appointed to act for the State is called Queen’s Counsel.26. Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for __ one year _.27. The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _ the Criminal Division _.28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as _ Loyalists _.I. Fill in the Blanks1. The present sovereign is __ Queen Elizabeth II ___ _____.2. Elizabeth II came to the throne on Feb. 6th, _ 19523. The vital power lies in the ___ Prime Minister __ _____, andhis/her cabinet.4. The __ Crown ___ is the only legal and constitutional link binding the members of the Commonwealth to the home country and to one another.5. The British Parliament consists of three elements – the _ Crown ____, the House of __ Lords ___, and the House of _ Commons ____.6. The British legislature is _ Parliament ____.7. The official head of Parliament is the _ Queen ____.8. The House of Commons appeared in late __13th___ century.9. The government cannot legally spend any money without the permission of he House of _ Commons ____.10. Each year the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the minister of __ finance ___ presented the Budget.11. The House of Lords is also called the _ Upper ____ House12. The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the __ Westminster Palace ___ _____.13. By passing the two acts in _1911____ and __1949___, the House of Lords has no power to prevent the passing of legislation approved by the House of Commons.14. In terms of the nature of cases, we can divide the courts into two systems: the __ Lords ___ Courts and the __ Criminal ___ Courts.15. The ___ jury __’s job is deciding whether the accused person is guilty or innocent in the light of evidence.16. In Scotland the jury consists of ___15__ people in criminal cases, __12___ in civil cases in the High court of Justice and ___ Court __ in civil cases in the County Court.17. The Metropolitan (London) police is the under the direct responsibility of the __ Home Secretary ___ _____.18. The headquarters of the London police is the famous __ Scotland Y ard___ _____.II. Explain the Following Terms1. The Cabinet2. The Speaker3. Poor LawIII. Answer the Following Questions1. Can you say something about the English Monarchy?2. Which are the major parties in Britain? What are the characteristics of them?。

英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一）

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

英语考研英美概况模拟题American Survey Test地理1.The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. northeastern2.In eastern _____ lies Death Valley, 85 metres below sea level.A. CaliforniaB. UtahC. Arizona3.In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB. Coast RangeC. Cascades Mountains4.The _____ lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia PlateausA. Great BasinB. Colorado ValleyC. Great Plains5.The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming6.The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River.A. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana7.Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan8.Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia9.Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.A. PotomacB. DelawareC. St. Laurence10.The width of the Niagara Fall is about _____ metres and the drop average _____ metres.A. 1650, 50B. 1240, 49C. 1540, 4911._____ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western12.The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.A. IdahoB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Utah13._____ has been called the“ cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston14.About _____ of the world ’annuals agricultural products come from the United States.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds15.The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky16.Mount Mekinley lies in the _____ Range.A. Sierra NevadaB. CascadesC. Alaska17.The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____.A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami18.The world ’ s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____.A. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria19.The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron20._____ of the America’ s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/321.Texas, having belonged to _____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico22.Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific23.The American black population consists of _____ of the total population.A. 1/10B. 1/5C. 1/924._____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska25.The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth26.About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except _____.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of Mexico27.There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A.A. 8B. 3C. 628.Detroit is famous for the production of _____.A. automobileB. timberC. bamboo29.The City St. Louis in America is called the gateway towards the _____.A. EastB. WestC. NortheastD. Southwest30.The city _____ is given the nickname“ Space City of U.S.A.”.A. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco31.The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans32.The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of _____, providing _____ percent of the total output each year.33.The largest industrial city in America is _____.A. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston34.Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to _____.A. subtropicalB. continentalC. tropical35.?_____ is famous for many stores and shops.A. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth Avenue36.In _____ people can find the historical spot, the Independence National Historical Park.A. PhiladelphiaB. St. LouisC. San Francisco37. Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____.A. MaineB. MassachusettsC. Connecticut38. The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of _____.A. the GulfB. the AtlanticC. the PacificI. Fill in the blanks1.The United States is situated in the _____ part of _____ America.2.The U.S. is bounded by _____ on the north and by _____ and the Gulf ofMexico on the south.3.To the west of America lies the _____ Ocean.4.To the east of America lies the _____ Ocean.5.The seat of the American Federal Government is the District of _____.6.The _____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.7.The famous _____ National Park is located in the northwestern part of Wyoming.8. The western part of the central plainis also called the“ _____ _____”.9.The Mississippi River flows from the _____ lakes to the Gulf of _____.10.The lowest point in the whole of North America is _____ _____.11.The world-known _____ _____ lies in northern Arizona, which is cut by the Colorado River.12.The largest island salt lake in North America is the _____ _____ Lake.13.The United States includes _____ states and a _____ district, the District of14.The Declaration of Independence was first read on July 4th, _____.15.The two main tributaries of the _____ River are the Missouri River and theOhio River.16.The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of _____ and the United States.17.Through the middle of the country, north and south, runs a line which is knownas the _____ _____ _____ _____.18.The South region in America has in general, a warm climate. People often callit the “ _____ _____ ”.19.The largest state, _____, is famous for its glacier, waterfall and ripples.20.There rises the tendency of shifting the centre of industries from the _____ to the _____.21.The famous _____ _____ is known as the financial centre, the symbol of the American monopoly capitalism.22._____ is the centre of theatres in America.23.The nickname of Pittsburgh is the _____ and _____ City.24._____ is the second largest in population in the U.S.25.The two youngest states are _____ in the northeastern part of America and _____ in the central Pacific.26.Most of the inhabitants in the U.S. are of _____ origin.27.Negro slaves were first brought to America at the beginning of the _____ century.28.The Death Valley is _____ metres below sea level.29.The population of the United States is about _____ million.30.The Statue of Liberty Island in _____ _____ harbour.31._____ _____ is the base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A.32._____ _____ is the smallest state in size and the most densely populated stateof the U.S.A.33.From a geographical point of view, the fifty states are grouped into _____ regions.34.The nickname of Houston City is _____ _____.35._____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.36._____ _____ is the longest and the most important river in the system of Gulf.37.The Library of Congress is in the city of _____.38.New England is located in the _____ corner of the country.39.The area of the Pacific coast is known for its growth of fruits, vegetables and wheat, especially in _____.40.The Middle Atlantic Region is marked by its industry. It is often called the _____ Northeast.II. Explain the Following Terms1.“ The backbone of the continent”2. melting potIII. Answer the Following Questions1.Give a brief presentation of the U.S. economy.2.Why is Detroit famous?英语考研英美概况模拟题美国地理部分答案：Part II. BAAAC ACAAB BDAAB CCABA CCACC CBABB BAACC ABCII.1. central,north Canada, Mexico Pacific Atlantic Columbia eastern Yellowstone Great Plains Great, Mexico Death Valley Colorado Valley Great Salt50, federal1776Mississippi Canada 50 centimetre Rainfall Line Sunny South Alaska Southwest Wall Street Broadway Iron,Steel Chicago Alaska, Hawaii European 17th85240/256New York Pearl Harbour Rhode Island8 Space City Hawaii Mississippi River Washington northeastern California IndustrialPart II 历史I. Multiple Choice1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier4. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148.Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9.The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.10.On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12.The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia14.The pamphlet “ Common Sense” was written by _____. A.Thomas Edison B. Thomas Paine C. Thomas Jefferson15.The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____.A. the “ Intolerable ActsB.”Un-American ActivitiesC.the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxes17.The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S. won the war.18.As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/319.In 1844 the U.S. forced the Chinese Government to sign the first unequal treaty of _____.A. WangxiaB. NanjingC. Tianjin20. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A. 50, 1781B. 13, 1781C. 13, 178721._____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington ’ s administration.22.It was _____ who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people.A. Alexander HamiltonB. Thomas JeffersonC. George Washington23._____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison24. The War with England between 1812 and 1814 happened during the administration of President _____.A. James MadisonB. James MonroeC. John Adams25. The _____ stopped the Holy Alliance’program,s and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Sedition ActC. Holy Alliance26._____ was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.27._____ made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska.28.During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolitionof slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29.The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond30.The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____ in 1898.A. BritainB. FranceC. Spain31.The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32.In 1918 President _____ issued the“ Fourteen Points”.A. Woodrow WilsonB. William H. TaftC. Theodore RooseveltD. Warren G. Harding33.Haymarket Massacre took place in _____ in May 1886.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Washington34.In 1894, the American industrial production held the _____ place in the world.A. firstB. secondC. third35.McCarthy was notorious for his harsh _____ persecution of the progressive people.36.The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.37.On August 14, 1914, the U.S. and Britain issued a joint communiquécalled_____.A. the Teheran DeclarationB. the Atlantic CharterC. the Washington Proclamation38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called“ _____” , invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39.The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A. Axis, AlliesB. Holy Alliance, Axis41.The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Fedinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42.Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A. 33B. 38C. 3943.The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44.In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia45._____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A. 48B. 47C. 4546.At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S. and Britain discussed the problem of opening the second battlefield in Europe.47.In July 1945, Britain, the U.S. and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupation policy and set up a program for the future of Germany. The meeting was the famous _____ Conference.A. CairoB. TeheranC. PotsdamD. Quebec 48. Thetwo fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC.the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A. Paris TreatyB. Versaills TreatyC. Teheran Treaty50.The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Potsdam51. The Communist Party of the US was founded in _____.A. 1920B. 1918C. 191952.The U.S. Communist Party was re-established in 1945 with _____ as itsgeneral secretary.A. LevestoneB. William FosterC. Earl Browder53.The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.54.The programme of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____. A. Eisenhower Doctrine B. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War56.In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the _____.57.The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August_____.58. After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A. the Allies, the Axis PowersB. the USSR, the USAC.the old capitalist countries, the new ones59.There occurred _____ economic crises from the end of WWII to the middle of the 1970’ s.60.The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called _____ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighbourB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal61.The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A. Midway IslandB. BritainC. Normandy62.In Feb. _____ came President Nixon’ s historic visit to China.A. 1979B. 1972C. 197363.In 1953,_____ ended in the failure of the U.S.64.On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbour, was suddenly attacked by the _____ air force and navy.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. Japanese65. The original Union consists of _____ at the time of its independence.A. 13B. 50C. 4866.The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A. the easternB. the westernC. the northern67._____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A. The English KingB. the local governmentC. thelocal people68. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ ashead.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and B69._____ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A. King George IB. King George IIIC. King George II70.In 1945 a conference was held in _____ to found the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. ChicagoC. New York71. President Nixon visited China in _____.A. 1973B. 1974C. 197272._____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A. Theodore RooseveltB. George WashingtonC.Franklin D. Roosevelt D. Thomas Jefferson73. The city’ s name“Philadelphia” means _____.A. brotherly loveB. fishing pitC. philosophy1.It was _____ who first discovered the America in 1492.2.The New World was named after _____ Vespucci.3._____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.4.The Indians living in America are all _____ skinned and dark-haired.5.The War of _____ broke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.6.The First World War broke out on July 28th in _____.7.In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship called _____.8.On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declaration of _____ was acceptedby the American Congress.9.The first English colony was _____.10.Lexington Fire was the _____ of the War of Independence.11.In 1803 the United States purchased Louisiana from _____.12.The U.S.- _____ War broke out in 1898.13.The Great Depression of 1929 - _____ shook the United States and the whole capitalist world to its foundation.14.The _____ _____ policy went into effect by the spring of 1947 when Truman Doctrine came forth.15.The Confederate Union of America consisted of _____ southern states.16.During the Civil War Lincoln took two important measures, one was the __________, the other was the _____ _____.17.By the end of _____ century, the U.S. had become the most powerful countryin the world.18.The U.S. bought the area of Alaska from _____ in 1867.19.The Constitution Convention lasted _____ weeks from May to September, _____.20.The Constitution drawn up at the end of Independence War is called the _____of the Confederation.21.The Constitution of _____ established the dictatorship of the America bourgeoisie big capitalists and big slave owners.22.The bourgeois democratic personages headed by Thomas Jefferson, were opposedto the Constitution. They were called _____.23.The people, headed by John Hamilton, who supported the Constitution of 1787, were called _____.24.During Washington ’administration Thomas Jefferson was appointed _____ of_____.25.The war with England between 1812-1814 was called the Second _____ of _____.26.President John Q. Adams was the son of the _____ president, John Adams.27.The forming of the _____ Alliance was to suppress the South American revolution.28.Andrew Jackson was the first president who developed the power of _____into one of the means of making laws.29.The first great tide from 1840 to 1860 in America was the _____ movement.30.The famous novel “ __________ _____”by Mrs Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.31.A man named _____ _____ began a rising which aimed at solving the slavery trouble by force.32.In _____ the first group of English colonists came to America.33.From 1863 to 1867 _____ Reconstruction dominated the reconstruction of the south.34.With the passage of the military Reconstruction Act in March 1867 the powerof Reconstruction of the south passed from president to the _____.35.The most notorious society which mainly persecuted the blacks was _____ _____ _____.36.The _____ _____ Conference in 1919 was in fact a meeting to divide thespoils and redivide the old colonies.37.The _____ Conference was the constitution of the Paris Peace Conference.38.The _____ post-war economic crisis occurred from 1973 to 1975 was the most serious crisis.39.The Communist Party of China sent _____ _____ _____ to attend the Conference of the founding of U.N. and signed the charter.40.The _____ Declaration was published at the Cairo Conference.41.The main force of the JapaneseUnited Fleet was destroyed by America in the_____ _____ Battle.42.The _____ World War was a destructive war and an anti-fascist war.43.The _____ Programme was successfully carried out in 1969 and two American astronauts landed on the moon.44.After WWII the _____ _____ emerged on the scene and containment of Communism became the basis of the American foreign policy.45.The source of WWII in Europe came from _____.46.The direct cause that the U.S. entered WWII was the Japanese sudden raid of the US’ s naval base at _____ _____.47.In 1939 Germany first launched the lightening attack on _____ and England and _____ then declared war on Germany.48.The dropping of the two atom bombs by America forced _____ to surrenderunconditionally.49.The second post-war crisis occurred during 1953 and 1954 was caused by the_____ War.50.It was president _____ who moved toward improving relations with China.51.America participated in the Second World War in the year _____.52.In _____ China and U.S.A. normalized their relationship.53.The outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement was _____ _____ _____.54._____ _____ uprising in 1859 helped the outbreak of the Civil War.55.“ I know not what course others may take, but for me, give me liberty or giveme death. ” This was said by _____ _____.1.The Boston “ Tea Party ”2.The Westward Movement3.The Civil Rights Movement4.The Atlantic Charter5.The “ Open Door Policy ”6.The Cairo Declaration7.The Marshall Plan1.Please say something about the American War of Independence, including its cause,process and significance.2.What success did Washington’ s administration achieved?3.Abraham Lincoln is usually regarded as the fulfilment of the“ American Dream Why?4.What was Roosevelt ’ s rolethe Secondin World War?英语考研英美概况模拟题美国历史部分答案：Part III. BDBBA ABCBA AABBC CABAB AABAA BABBC AABACABABC CBCAA BCABA CBABC CABAC ABACA AABBACCAII.1. Columbus Amerigo Magellan red Independence1914Mayflower Independence Virginia prelude France Spanish1933Cold War11Homestead Bill,Emancipation Proclamation19thRussia13,1787Articles1787anti-federalist FederalistsSecretary, State War, Independence second Holy vetoWestward Uncle Tom’ s Cabin John Brown1607PresidentalCongress Ku Klux Klan Paris Peace Washington sixthdeputy Dong Biwu Cairo Midway Island Second ApolloCommunist Party Germany Pearl Harbour Poland Japan KoreanNixon19411979Martin Luther King John Brown Patrick Henry。