2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题：理学类(5)

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2020年考研英语一阅读理解

2020年考研英语一阅读理解The 2020 postgraduate entrance examination for English I was a pivotal moment for many aspiring scholars. It was not just a test of language proficiency, but also a gauge of analytical skills and critical thinking.The reading comprehension section was particularly challenging, with passages that spanned a wide array of topics, from scientific breakthroughs to socio-economic issues. Each article required a deep dive into the text to grasp the nuances of the author's argument.One of the passages that stood out was an exploration of urbanization, highlighting the complexities of rapid population growth and its impact on society. The text was dense with information, demanding a meticulous approach to extract the main ideas and supporting details.Another passage delved into the realm of artificial intelligence, discussing its potential to revolutionize various industries. The language was technical, yet the questions were designed to test the candidates' ability to comprehend and infer from the given material.The questions that followed each passage were crafted to assess not only the understanding of the content but also the ability to discern between different levels of inference. It was essential to differentiate between what was explicitlystated and what could be logically inferred.The inclusion of a historical account in the reading section was a surprise to many. It required a different set of skills, focusing on the context and the implications of past events on the present.The diversity of the texts was a testament to the breadth of knowledge expected from postgraduate candidates. It was a comprehensive examination that pushed the boundaries of language skills and critical analysis.In conclusion, the 2020 English I reading comprehension section was a true reflection of the multifaceted nature of the English language and the importance of a well-rounded educational foundation for postgraduate studies.。

2020年考研英语真题及答案

考研英语真题和答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 thefruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to lear n, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught ins tead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through proble ms in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But so me observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because neweducational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful ser mons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for reli gion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often__________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also fo cused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)答案Section I Use of English1—5 BADBC 6—10 ADCBD11—15 DBCDA 16—20 CBAACSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21—25 ABCAA 26—30 ACDAB31—35 DBBAC 36—40 BBDACPart B41—45 CEABGPart C46. 可以说，任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。

考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：理学类(10套)

考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：理学类(10套)Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They've known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the pasthalf-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project， a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny and gene in human DNA. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor's secrets， genetic engineers are decoding life's molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.And that's just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done， however，science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human—or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace， and many diseases will take decades to conquer， if they can be conquered at all.In the short run， the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease， for example， could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective， they might be able to give the patient an artificialversion of the protein. But in other instances， almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations. (409 words)1. It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _____.[A] know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program[B] have found the basic building blocks of life[C] have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-century[D] are making a breakthrough in DNA2. Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that ______.[A] time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of in human DNA[B] human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patients[C] gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of human diseases[D] information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases3. The word “pirate” (line 2， paragraph 3) means______.[A] one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea[B] one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorization[C] to take (something) by piracy[D] to make use of or reproduce (another's work) without authorization4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_____.[A] engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time being[B] it‘s impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomato[C] many diseases will never be conquered by human beings[D] doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the long run5. The best title for the text may be ______.[A] DNA and Heredity[B] The Genetic Revolution[C] A Biomedical Revolution[D] How to Apply Genetic Technology词汇注释stuff 物质preamble 开端nook and cranny 排列potency 力量susceptible 易受感染的predisposition 易患病的体质难句讲解1. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.[简析] 本句话的主干是“They know that…”。

2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇

2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇留给我们的复习时间不多了，俗话说实践见真章，诸位考生，2020考研英语真题试卷模拟卷你做过了吗？文都考研现在给大家带来了模拟卷的阅读题，大家先试着做一做，相关答案与解析我们稍后放出。

接下来的时间，咱们一起努力！ヾ(◍°∇°◍)ﾉﾞ2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇As Gilbert White，Darwin，and others observed long ago，all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult：some populations remain roughly constant from year to year others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity still others vary wildly，with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather，and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns，one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations havedensity-dependent growth parameters that is，rates of birth，death，and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters，with vital rates buffeted by environmental events these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses，but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing，no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth，death，and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages，if there were no density-dependent effects，the population would，in the long run，either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。

2020考研英语真题及参考答案

2020考研英语真题及参考答案Introduction:The 2020 postgraduate entrance examination for English is an important milestone for students pursuing further studies. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive analysis of the exam questions and present possible answers and explanations. Through this discussion, we aim to equip students with a better understanding of the exam and enhance their preparation for future exams.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1:The first question of the reading comprehension section asks about the main idea of a passage. The passage discusses the impact of technology on modern society. The correct answer is "The influence of technology on our daily lives."Question 2:The second question in this section is a multiple-choice question related to vocabulary. The correct answer is "Profound."Question 3:For the third question, candidates are required to choose the appropriate option to complete a given sentence. The correct answer is "directed towards achieving a common goal."Section 2: Listening ComprehensionThe fourth question in the listening comprehension section asks about the main topic of the conversation. The conversation is about planning a hiking trip. The correct answer is "Discussing the logistics of an upcoming hike."Question 5:This question involves filling in the missing information in a form. The correct answers may vary, but they typically include details such as name, phone number, and date of birth.Question 6:In question six, students need to select the correct option based on the given audio. The correct answer is "Take the bus to the city center."Section 3: TranslationQuestion 7:This section tests candidates' translation skills. The given sentence, "我不是一个单身狗," should be translated into English. The correct translation is "I am not a single dog."Question 8:The second translation question requires candidates to translate the sentence "他们正在为考试做准备" into English. The correct answer is "They are preparing for the exam."Section 4: WritingThe writing section prompts candidates to compose an essay on the topic of environmental protection. Candidates are expected to discuss the importance of environmental protection and propose possible solutions to address environmental issues.Conclusion:In this article, we have provided a comprehensive analysis of the 2020 postgraduate entrance examination for English. We discussed the reading comprehension and listening comprehension sections, along with translation and writing questions. We hope that this analysis and the provided answers will assist students in their preparation for future exams. By understanding the exam structure and practicing with past papers, students can improve their performance and increase their chances of success in the 2021 postgraduate entrance examination for English.。

2020考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析三

2020考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析三Could the bad olddays of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cutsin March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up fromless than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil pricescalls up scarymemories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, whenthey also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning ofgloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraqsuspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time aswinter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in theshort term。

Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences nowto be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oilnow accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, soeven quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pumpprices than in the past。

2020年高考英语模拟卷(五)(pdf,含解析)

2020年高考英语模拟卷及答案解析（五）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

EVENTSLong March exhibitionThe Shanghai History Museum is putting on an exhibition to mark the 60th anniversary of the Long March.On show are more than220photos and40items that explain with pictures how the communist Red Army drew back from its besieged(被围困的)bases in Jiangxi Province and fought its way to northern Shanxi Province in the mid-1930s.Explanations are all in Chinese.The show will end on November20.Time:10:00am-4:00pmAddress:1286Hongqiao RoadAdmission:8yuan for Chinese/15yuan for foreignersThai elephantsEight elephants from Thailand are entertaining visitors at Changfeng Park by riding bikes,playing basketball,balancing on a pole,dancing and blowing a mouthorgan(口琴).People are encouraged to have a tug-of-war(拔河比赛)with the animals or lie on the ground and have the elephants walk over them.The elephants give three shows a day at9:30am,3:30pm and8:00pm and there is an additional show at l:30pm at weekends.The show will end on November15.Address:189Daduhe RoadAdmission:30-40yuanDancing dolphinsDolphins jumping from the water to touch a ball,swaying their bodies to music,kissing people and doing math by tapping their tails have made the dolphinarium(海豚馆)in Peace Park an attraction for children.Seals and sea lions also perform.Hours:10:30am,4:00pm,and7:30pmAdmission:20yuan for adults and10yuan for children.(252words)1.If you go to visit the Long March exhibition with an Australian,how much will you pay altogether for the admission?A.16yuan.B.30yuan.C.23yuan.D.20 yuan.2.Which of the following is NOT done by the Thai elephants?A.Riding bicycles.B.Blowing a mouth-organ.C.Having a tug-of-war with people.D.Doing math.3.The dolphinarium in Peace Park is a hall where you can see ______.A.only seals and sea lions performB.only dolphins performC.not only dolphins but also seals and sea lions performD.only seals perform1.C细节题.根据Admission:8yuan for Chinese/15yuan for foreigners可知,中国人8元,外国人15元,故你和一个澳大利亚人一共23元,故选C. 2.D细节题.根据这部分的内容Eight elephants from Thailand areentertaining visitors at Changfeng Park by riding bikes,playing basketball,balancing on a beam,dancing and blowing a mouth-organ可知,大象可以做很多事,如骑自行车、打篮球、吹口风琴等,只有D没有提到.3C.细节题.通过该段介绍可知,Seals and sea lions also perform除了海豚还有海狮、海豹等表演,故选A.BCharlotte Hollins faces a battle.The23-year-old British farmer and her21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save a farm that their father worked on since he was14.Although confident they will succeed,she lists farming’s many challenges:“You don’t often get a day off.Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices low.With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating,”she said.“There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!”Like others around the world,Charlotte’s generation tend to leave the farm for cities.Oliver Robinson,25,grew up in Yorkshire.But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather’s land.“I’m sure dad hoped I’d stay,”he said.“I guess it’s a nice,straightforward life,but itdoesn’t appeal to me.For young,ambitious people,farm life is hard”.For Robinson,farming doesn’t offer much“in terms of money or lifestyle”.Hollins agrees that economic factors stop people from enjoying the rewards of farming.He describes it as a career that provides“for a vital human need”,allowing people to work “outdoors with nature”.Farming is a big political issue in the UK.The“Buy British”campaigns urge consumers not to purchase cheaper imported foods. The2001foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms,stopped meat exports,and raised public consciousness about the troubles on UK farms.Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s2005campaign to get children eating healthily also highlighted the issue.This national concern gives hope to farmers competing with powerful supermarkets.While most people buy food from the big supermarkets,hundreds of independent Farmers’Markets are becoming popular.“I started going to Farmers’Markets in direct defiance of the big supermarkets.I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything–what exactly do they put on our apples to make them so big and red? It’s terrible,”said Londoner Michaela Samson,31.4.What are the challenges that British farmers face according toCharlotte Hollins?a.lonelinessb.thin profitsc.a lack of good equipmentd.long working hours but slow resultsA.abcB.abdC.acdD.bcd5.Why did Oliver Robinson refuse to stay on the farm?A.He hoped for a simpler life.B.He was fed up with a hard farm life.C.Farm life was too demanding though he liked it.D.He hoped for something challenging and rewarding.6.Which of the following can be Farmers’Markets’strong point?A.Lower prices.B.Flexible sizes.C.Convenient location.D.Healthier food.7.What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?A.Things are improving for independent farms in the UK.B.Farming in the UK can now match the powerful supermarkets.C.Most British people now feel doubtful of foods in big supermarkets.D.Most British people have realized the problems facing farms and begin to save farms.4.B细节题。

2020年全国高考英语仿真适应性模拟训练5(含解析)

2020年全国高考英语仿真适应性模拟训练5第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A .Kids' imaginations are in overdrive when it comes to composing Christmas lists - as they askfor a live walrus （海象），the power of invisibility （隐身）and Taylor Swift. Christmas is lessthan two months away, and little ones are already planning their letters to Santa. But one survey has revealed the weirdest items to turn up on Christmas lists, and they include mythical monsters and mega-selling pop stars.Conducted by GAME, the study also reveals a significant break from festive tradition whenit comes to writing wish lists. One in three, 29%, children now use technology such as iPads ormobile phones instead of the traditional pen and paper, while a further one in five （19%） willrely on parents to take note of all the things they point at during TV adverts and during tripsto the shops. With more than three million lists likely to be drafted, parents are prepared for a flurry of requests including many that even Santa would struggle to achieve.As part of the study, parents were asked to reveal some of the weird and wonderful items that made it onto their child's Christmas lists.Fred Prego, marketing director at GAME, says: "Choosing what to get your kids at Christmascan be a bit of a minefield（雷区）." As the research shows, most kids will be making note of the things that they want this half term and a lot of lists are going to be written."21.The underlined word a overdrive " in paragraph one means __.A. running with a high speedB. slowing down sometimesC. driving forth and backwardsD. getting stuck somewhere【答案】：A【解析】：根据背景可知，孩子们在选择圣诞礼物时，要求颇多，在脑风暴什么礼物时，想象力也十分充沛。

2020年高考英语模拟卷(五)(pdf,含解析)

2020年高考英语模拟卷及答案解析（五）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2020年考研英语真题试卷及答案

2020 年英语考研真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if f amilies are less l ikely t o sit down to e at together t han was once t he case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures.This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is " 11 to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. 12 the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 , it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 .Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be w orth l iving? 17 , t he F SA says it is n ot t elling people to cut o ut roast f oods 18 , but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their 19 risks coming across a s e xhortation a nd n annying. C onstant h ealth s cares j ust 20 with no one listening.1.A In B Towards C On D Till2.A match B e xpress C satisfy D influence3.A p atience B enjoyment C surprise D concern4.A i ntensified B privileged C c ompelled D guaranteed5.A issued B received C ignored D canceled6.A under B at C for D by7.A forget B regret C finish D avoid8.A partially B r egularly C easily D initially9.A U nless B S ince C If D While10.A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative11.A insufficient B b ound C likely D slow12.A On the basis of B At the cost of C I n a ddition t o D In contrast to13.A interesting B advisable C u rgent D fortunate14.A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all15.A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern16.A made B served C s aved D used17.A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general18.A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully19.A promise B experience C campaign D competition20.A follow up B p ick u p C open up D end upSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read t he following four t exts. Answer the questions below each t ext by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new yearwith a call t o institute a UK "town of c ulture" award. The proposal is that i t s hould sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and hasbeen awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the successof the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of c ulture a ward c ould, i t i s argued, become an a nnual e vent, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "Acynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever o f s elf-celebration i n i ts desperation t o reinvent itself f or t he p ost-Brexit world:after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of suchtitles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring inhigh-profile a rts e vents a nd g ood p ress f or a y ear. T hey t ransform t he a spirations o fthe p eople w ho l ive t here; t hey n udge t he s elf-image o f t he c ity i nto a b older a nd m ore optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned thecity into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town'speculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would .A.consolidate the town city ties in BritainB.promote cooperation among Brain's townsC.increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD.focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as .A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving a ttemptC.an eye-catching b onusD.an inaccessible target23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if itA.endeavor to maintain its i mageB.meets the aspiration of its peopleC.brings its local arts to prominencemits to its long-term g rowth24.“Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to p resentA.a contrasting caseB.a supporting exampleC.a background storyD.a related topic25.What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.CriticalText 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform t he specialised w ork o f peer r eview also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The D utch g iant E lsevier, w hich claims t o publish 25% of t he scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £ 210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despiteincreasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their w riters f ees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these’’article preparation costs’’ had been steadily risingabove inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of p ower.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a li p c r e i n n t c e m o t n o ey"partly becauseA.its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .B.its marketing strategy has been successful.C.its payment for peer review is reduced.D.its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier haveA.thrived mainly on university l ibraries.B.gone through an existential c risis.C.revived the publishing industry.D.financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?A.Relieved.B.Puzzled.C.ConcernedD.Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access termsA.allow publishers some room to make money.B.render publishing much easier for scientists.C.reduce the cost of publication substantially.D.free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?A.Trial subscription is o ffered.bour triumphs over status.C.Costs are well controlled.D.The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to a ll b oards, e ven w here t here i s n o h istory o f p rior d iscrimination, c ourts a re l ikely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the pereentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share o f women on the b oards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Wrting in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a"golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same clite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad willsA.help little to reduce gender bias.B.pose a threat to the state government.C.raise women's position in p olitics.D.greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?A.It has irritated private business owners.B.It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,C.It may go against the Constitution.D.It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to ilustrateA.the harm from arbitrary board decision.B.the importance of constitutional guaranees.C.the pressure on women in global corporations.D.the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led toA.the underestimation of elite women's role.B.the objection to female participation on boards.C.the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.D.the growing tension between labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the t ext?A.Women's need in employment should be considered.B.Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.C.Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.D.Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new t axon large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon- in other words, multiational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is n ot just a unilateral move by one c ountry in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia'sMAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they a ll s hare a v iew t hat t he i nternational t ax s ystem h as f ailed t o k eep ;up w ith t he current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization' s work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France‘s planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The F rench S enate h as p assed a bill t oA.regulate digital services p latforms.B.protect French companies' interests .C.impose a levy on tech multinationals.D.curb the influence of advertising.37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services taxA.may trigger countermeasures against France.B.is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.C.aims to ease international trade tensions.D.will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion thatA.redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.B.the current international tax system needs upgrading.C.tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.D.all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current workA.is being resisted by US companies.B.needs to be readjusted i mmediately.C.is faced with uncertain p rospects.D.needs to in involve more countries.40.Which of the following might be the. best title for this text?A.France Is Confronted with Trade SanctionsB.France leads the charge on Digital TaxC.France Says "NO" to Tech MultinationalsD.France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections：In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions41 -45, c hoose t he m ost s uitable o ne f rom t he f ist A-G t o f it i nto e ach o fthe n umbered b lanks. There are two e xtra choices, which d o n ot fit in anyof the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Eye fixactions are briefB.Too much eye contact is instinetively felt to be rudeC.Eye contact can be a friendly social signalD.Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactE.Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigatedF.Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangersG.E ye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact t hat s ignals h ostility. Here 's w hat h ard s cience r eveals about e ye c ontact:41.We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back . This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.With t he u se o f e ye-tracking t echnology, J ulia M inson o f t he H arvard K ennedy School of G overnment c oncluded that e ye c ontact c an s ignal v ery d ifferent kinds o f messages, depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations. Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be h elpful t o keep 'in mind that t rying t o maintain e ye contact m ay backfire if you're trying t o c onvince s omeone w ho h as a d ifferent s et o f b eliefs t han y ou," s aid M inson.44.When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and theeyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-" A more direct finding is t hat p eople w ho s cored h igh f or n egative e motions l ike a nxiety l ooked a t o thers f or shorter p eriods o f t ime a nd r eported m ore c omfortable f eelings w hen o thers d id n ot look directly at them.Section III TranslationDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.47.Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later u pheld b y G alileo a t h is o wn e xpense. O ffering u p s uch a t heory d uring a t ime o f high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore. It w as w ith t hese great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in r eason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or 'dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Q uestion: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section IV WritingPart ADirections: T he Student Union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students an upcoming singing contest. Write a notice inabout100 words. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not useyour name in the notice.Part B52: Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should:1)Describe the picture b riefly;2)Interpret the implied meaning, a nd3)Give your comments【参考答案】【1-5】CABDA 【6-10】BDADC 【11-15】CABDC 【16-20】BABCD 【21-25】CBDAC 【26-30】DACAD 【31-35】ACDCB 【36-40】CABCB 【41-45】CEGAD【参考译文】46.由于文艺复兴时期教会的教义和思维方式之间的差距被消除，中世纪和现代时期之间的差距得以弥合，导致了新的和未开发的知识领域。

(衡水金卷)2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟英语试题五

（衡水金卷）2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟英语试题五本试题卷共8页。

全卷满分120分，考试用时100分钟。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AHave you ever been to France before? It is not only a country of great food, fashion and art. It’s also home to t he most influential painters in the world.Edouard ManetHe was one of the first artists to paint modern life. He began to paint in his own style, but still used some of Couture’s techniques like thick lines and dark colors. He was greatly influenced by Claude Monet and Berthe Morisot, which can be seen in his use of light shades. Most of his paintings had scenes of daily life on the streets of Paris. His works include Olympia and The Absinthe Drinker.Camille PissarroIn his early years, Pissarro painted scenes of a river or a path from memory. After meeting Claude Monet and Paul Cezanne, who painted in a more realistic style, he changed his course to Impressionism. During his career, he experimented with various styles, and finally formed his own one. His works include Old Market at Rouen and Sunset at St. Charles.Vincent van GoghHe had a huge influence on art in the 20th century. His early works weremost painted in somber tones. However, influenced by Monet, Pissarro, and Bernard, he adopted brighter colors in his works, and started creating his own techniques. Although he had produced more than 2,000 works of art, the artist sold only one painting during his lifetime — Red Vineyard at Arles. His works include The Potato Eaters, Starry Night and Bedroom in Arles.Claude MonetHe was the founder of the Impressionist movement and completely changed the French painting in the 19th century. Although he first started by selling charcoal caricatures（木炭讽刺画）in Paris, he soon started painting with oil after meeting Eugene Boudin, who taught him to use oil paints and also encouraged him to paint outdoors. And then he painted with his own style. His works include Impression, Sunrise and The Water Liles.1. What can we learn about Edouard Manet’s paintings?A. They reflected the changes of life.B. They were mainly about daily life.C. They were all painted in bright colors.D. They were painted in Morisot’s style.2. Which painting was sold by Vincent van Gogh in person?A. The Potato Eaters.B. Bedroom in Arles.C. Red Vineyard at Arles.D. Starry Night.3. What’s the common point of the four painters from the text?A. All of them were given many awards in their life.B. All of them were taught by some famous painters.C. All of them had a good taste in delicious food.D. All of them had their unique styles in painting.BFinding true love can be pretty tough for a lot of people, but a lady from a fairly well-known San Francisco advertising agency seems to think money helps. She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right. She wants to find her future husband through this way.The unnamed husband seeker who sent out the email had just finished reading the best-selling book named Lean In. It was 11 p. m. on a Sunday night and she realized this was the second self-help book she had read in the month. She was still single. Things were not looking fine, but there was hope for her still. If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn’t just sit outside an employer’s building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different? But instead of going out and meeting new people she decided to write an email to all her friends, offering to give them $10,000 on her wedding day if any of them managed to introduce her to her future husband.“I am writing you today because I’ve decided to make an aggressive action plan on finding the man that I get to hang out with foreve r,” the woman writes in her email. “Introducing me to my husband is just not high on your to-do list. But I think I have an idea that might change that…” You guessed it, and this is where she offers to reward her “closest friends” with cold hard cash.“I w ill personally give ten thousand dollars to the friend who introduces me to my husband.Here is how the program works:Step 1: You set me up on a date with a man.Step 2: I marry that man.Step 3: I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.I know you’re thinkin g that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. ‘You can find a husband without giving $10,000.’ Well for starters, thank you! I’m happy.”4. What does the lady offer $10,000 to any of her friends for?A. Celebrating the fact that she has made a decision to find a husband.B. Checking the power of money among her circle of friends.C. Encouraging her friends to help find her Mr. Right.D. Sharing her happiness of having found true love.5. What does the underlined word “nuts” mean in the last paragraph?A. deliciousB. sensibleC. angryD. foolish6. What’s the purpose of the author’s mentioning getting a better job in Paragraph 2?A. To stress the importance of finding a good job.B. To stress the importance of taking a positive attitude.C. To show that waiting patiently is necessary to get a job.D. To state that we need to be patient before a job is offered.7. What kind of person do you think the lady is?A. Adventurous.B. Imaginative.C. Considerate.D. Polite.CTaxi-booking app Uber agreed to sell its business in China to Didi Chuxing. The two firms had been fierce competitors, but Didi Chuxing had controlled the Chinese market with an 87% share.Uber China launched in 2020, but it had failed to make any profit for a long time. Cheng Wei, founder and chief executive of Didi Chuxing, saidthe two companies had learned a great deal from each other over the past two years in China. He added that the deal would set the mobile transportation industry on a healthier path of growth at a higher level. As part of the deal, Mr. Cheng would join the board of Uber, while Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick would also join Didi’s board.Uber’s China business would own its separate branding while US-based Uber Technologies would hold about 17.5% in the combined company. Didi Chuxing is backed by Chinese Internet giants Tencent and Alibaba.Uber had been struggling to break into the Chinese market despite having Chinese search engine Baidu as an investor. Last February, the company admitted it was losing more than $1 billion a year in China. “Funding their Chinese dreams was becoming too expensive for Uber,” Duncan Clark, chairman of Beijing-based consultancy BDA, told the BBC. Travis Kalanick said, “As a businessman, I’ve learned that being successful is about listening to your head as well as following your heart.”The fierce competition had led both companies to spend much more on their journeys. The combination is likely to see fewer such subsidies（补贴）. “One thing to watch carefully is how quickly consumers feel the impact as subsidies are withdrawn.” Mr. Clark add ed.The deal with Didi Chuxing came just days after China had agreed to provide a legal framework for taxi-ordering apps. Both Uber and Didi welcomed the decision. The new rules took effect last November and could, among other things, forbid such platforms to operate below cost.8. According the second paragraph, what can we know?A. Being successful is about listening to your head and following your heart.B. The deal would make the mobile transportation industry grow much faster.C. Didi Chuxing had learnt more in China than Uber over the past two years.D. Mr. Cheng would be working as a member of the board of Uber as planned.9. What is the best title of the passage?A. Uber sold Chinese business to Didi ChuxingB. Using Didi Chuxing brings more subsidiesC. Listen to your head and follow your heartD. The new rules look effect last November10. What is the impact of the fierce competition between Uber and Didi?A. Uber dominated the Chinese market with an 87% share.B. China provided a legal framework for taxi-ordering apps.C. Funding their Chinese dreams became expensive for Uber.D. Chinese search engine Baidu became an investor of Uber’s.11. The passage is probably taken from a website about ________.A. appsB. politicsC. economyD. technology DYou get anxious if there’s no wi-fi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You feel upset if your phone is getting low on power, and you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you’re not there. All these can be called “always on” stress caused by smart phone addiction.For some people, smart phones have liberated them from the nine-to-five work. Flexible working has given them more autonomy（自主权）in their working lives and enabled them to spend more time with their friends and families. For many others though, smart phones have become tyrants（暴君）in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off, relax and recharge their batteries.Pittsburgh-based developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favour of his iPhone. So he developedan app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they’re spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are breached（突破）. “Moment’s goal is to promote balance in your life,” his website explains. “Some time on your phone, some time off it enjoying your loving family and friends around you.”Dr. Christine Grant, an occupational（职业的）psychologist at Coventry University, said, “The effects of this ‘always on’ cultu re are that your mind is never resting, and you’re not giving your body time to recover, so you’re always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer.”And as the number of connected smart phones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision paralysis（瘫痪）and is creating more stress in the workplace because people have to receive a broader range of data and communications which are often difficult to manage. “It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less because they’re controlled by it all and fell they can never escape the office,” said Dr. Christine Grant.12. What’s the first paragraph mainly about?A. The popularity of smart phones.B. The progress of modern technology.C. The signs of “always on” stress.D. The cause of smart phone addiction.13. Kevin Holesh developed “Moment” to ________.A. research how people use their mobile phonesB. help people control their use of mobile phonesC. make people love parents and friends aroundD. increase the fun of using mobile phones14. What’s Dr. Christine Grant’s attitude towards “always on” culture?A. Confused.B. Positive.C. Doubtful.D. Critical.15. According to the last paragraph, a greater amount of data means ________.A. we will become less productiveB. we can make a decision more quicklyC. we will be equipped with more knowledgeD. we can work more effectively第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

【高考冲刺】2020年山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编（5）阅读理解（五）科教科普类

【高考冲刺】2020年山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编（5）阅读理解（五）科教科普类阅读理解（五）科教科普类1、What exactly is intelligence? There aren’t any easy answers. Despite the progress that has been made in genetics and psychology, human intelligence has remained one of the most controversial areas of modern science, until now, that is, for the discovery of a gene(基因) linked to intelligence has made the experts think again.Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have been looking into genetic make-up. From their research, they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ. Plomin analyzed DNA from two groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15. What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136, putting them in the top 5% of the population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103. An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question, while only 16% in the second group did. However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin himself is cautious at this early stage. He suggests that there are probably many genes that contribute to intelligence, rather than just one. Several studies have shown a strong link between IQ and career success, although some psychologists remain unconvinced about this. Professor Michael Rowe, who has written a book called Genius Explained, is one of these. “The people with the highest IQs are not usually the ones who do best in their careers.”Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn’t eve rything. Many a lternative views havebeen put forward recently. One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory, including creativity and communication skills as relevant factors(因素) in intelligence.Tony Buzan, brain expert and author of Master your Memory, is enthusiastic about this belief, arguing that true geniuses(天才) do indeed appear to combine high levels of each type of intelligence. He lists Alexander the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein as examples. At the same time, Buzan believes that everyone can develop their intelligence, only if they take the trouble to exercise their brain. Perhaps there’s hope for us all!1.What is the topic of the passage?A.The relationship between genes and intelligence.B.IQ benefits a lot from high intelligence.C.How to develop intelligence.D.What makes intelligence.2.Why does the author use data in Paragraph 2?A.To make a suggestion.B.To draw a conclusion.C.To prove an idea.D.To give an example.3.What can we learn from the passage?A.Robert Plomin confirms genes have something in common.B.Howard Gardner thinks intelligence includes various factors.C.Michael Rowe approves of a strong link between IQ and career.D.Tony Buzan agrees geniuses exercise brain to improve intelligence.4.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.The development of intelligence.B.The idea of multiple intelligences.C.IQ isn’t eve rything for in telligence.D.Alternative views have been put forward.2、Your colleague’s sharp comment keeps replaying in your mind. Two of your students are trapped in a “he said/she said” battle. When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse. If so, the answermay lie in a skill called “self-distancing”, the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively. According to a research, when people adopt self-distancing while discussing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reactions, experience less emotional suffering, and display fewer signs of stress.But what might self-distancing look like in action? Consider a typical “he said/she said” student conf lict where they are each focusing on their own feelings. One is thinking, “I can't believe he did that to me.” And another insists, “She really hurt my feelings.” However, if you ask them to take the self-distancing, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions: “Why was he so hurt in this situation?” or “How did her anger affect him?”Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, studies indicate that a change in point of view can have a powerful effect on the way people think, feel, and behave. Here are several different techniques you can try.First, consider how a thoughtful friend might respond afterquietly observing their situation. Besides, avoid using the pronoun “I”. Focus on using third-person pronouns, he, she, they, and they were able to see the stressful event as challenging rather than threatening. Finally, ask yourself, “How would I feel about this one week from now or ten years from now?” This form of mental time travel may be effective because our attention is directed away from our immediate, concrete circumstances.1.What is self-distancing?A.Getting stuck in negative emotions.B.A stressful situation.C.A study on relieving emotional stress.D.Reflecting on yourself objectively.2.Which of the following statement uses the techniques of self-distancing?A.I'm angry with him.B.How did these two people get to this point?C.How I wish I could go back to the past!D.He grabbed my notes, and then, and then…3.What is the best title for the passage?A.Why Self-distancing MattersB.The Disadvantages of Self-distancingC.Breaking the Cycle of Negative ReflectionD.Ways to Reflect on Emotional Reactions3、It is common for adults to use “baby talk” when interacting with babies. This way of speaking attempts to imitate the sounds babies make when they first try to talk.But is this form of communication helpful to a child’s development?Several studies have suggested a clear link between parental language methods and a child’s early language development.Studies showed that language learning in babies was improved when parents spoke more than a few simple words and used a wider vocabulary. Earlier research found that the style of speech used by parents to communicate with their baby could have an influence on language development.One such speaking style is known as“parentese”.Research has shown that babies react better to this kind of language in the first months of life. Generally, parentese involves adults speaking in a higher voice and at a slower speed. The language is simplified, while sentences are short and often repeated. Studies from the past 30 years have confirmed that babies spoken to in parentese developed larger vocabularies throughout the first three years of life.A new study on the subject, a project of the University of Washington’s Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, examined whether parents can be effectively taught methods to improve their parentese skills.Naj a Ferjan Ramírez. working in the Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, said that the parents involved in the research were first shown the importance of language input for their baby’s development. Parents were then given suggestions on how to use different parentese methods, and then rated on how well they used these methods with their child. She added that the new study is important because there are still a 1ot of parents with little knowledge about how to use parentese to help their child.This was one reason the researchers included parents from different cultural and economic groupings.1.How do parents usually talk with their babies?A.By speaking in a funny style.B.By copying babies’sounds.C.By raising speaking speed.D.By whispering in babies’ears.2.What can we learn from the second paragraph?A.Babies’language ski lls are decided by talent.B.Babies’language is improved by simple words.C.Parental language style helps improve babies’behavior.D.Parental language methods affect babies’language development.3.Where can you find how parents were trained in parentese skills?A.In paragraph 2.B.In paragraph 3.C.In paragraph 4.D.In paragraph 5.4.What can be the best title for the text?/doc/0016702369.htmlmunicating with babies matters moreB.Parentese is a good way to practice languageC.The more parents help, the better babies learnD.Speaking parentese helps with babies’ language learning4、Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap, durable(耐用的), easily available, and most importantly, environmentally sustainable. The one thing it is not, is transparent(透明的). Now thanks to a team of scientists at Stockholm’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology, the material may even be able to add that feature to its already impressive list.Lead researcher Dr. Lars Berglund said he was inspired to create the transparent wood after learning how Japanese researchers had developed a see-through paper for use inflexible display screens for electronic devices. The team began by pulling out the wood’s lignin(木质素). The lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer(聚合物)and baked at a temperature of 158F for four hours. The result was a hybrid product that was not only stronger and lighter than the original wood but also, almost transparent. The researchers were able to adjust the level of transparency by varying the amount of the polymer injected and also by changing the thickness of the wood.While scientists have previously created a see-through wood forsmall-scale applications like computer chips, the transparent wood is the first one being considered for large scale applications. The researchers, who revealed their findings in Biomacromolecules on April 11, picture using the transparent wood in buildings to allow for more natural light, or to create windows that let in the desired amount of light without sacrificing privacy.Wood that allows light to pass through could lead to a brighter future for homes and buildings. Berglund also thinks the wood could play a significant role in the design of solar panels. The semi-transparent material would be able to keep light longer and give it more time to interact with the conductor, thus resulting in better solar efficiency. Additionally, substituting the currently used glass with this new product would help solar energy manufacturers improve their carbon footprint and lower the cost. They are now experimenting with ways to scale up the manufacturing process so that the transparent material is cost-effective to make and easy to use.1.What does the underlined part "that feature" in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.Cheapness.B.Durability.C.Sustainability.D.Transparency.2.Which of the following is not the process in which the transparent woodis made?A.Dip the wood into a polymer.B.Reduce the amount of the polymer.C.Make the wood lignin-free.D.Bake the wood for some time.3.What’s the purpose of using the transparent wood in buildings?A.To protect privacy.B.To scale out applications.C.To get more natural light.D.To observe more clearly.4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.The bright future of the transparent wood.B.The wood’s role in the design of solar panels.C.The disadvantages of the currently used glass.D.Solar energy manufacturers’ carbon footprint.5、It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famou s painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15.4 degrees off to the observer’s right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right atthem. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you.” This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s g aze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screenis looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side—surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn’t lookin g at anyone in the room at all. In stead, you keep the gaze straight ahead.Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him.To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected Mona Lisa’s gaze. T o calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” por trait was not looking straight at them, butslightly off to their right.So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name.1.It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”___________.A.attracts the viewers to look backB.seems mysterious because of her eyesC.fixes her eyes on the back of the viewersD.looks at the viewers wherever they stand2.What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?A. B.C. D.3.The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to______.A.confirm Horstmann’s beliefB.create artificial-intelligence avatarsC.calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gazeD.explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied4.What can we learn from the passage?A.Horstmann thi nks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”.B.The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.C.Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.D.The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewe rs’ judgement.6、A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia and other limitations live independently in their own homes.The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors (传感器) equipped in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owners to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen. “RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected,” said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.Currently, about 50 per cent adults over the age of 85 need assistance with everyday activities such as preparing meals and taking medicationand the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial pressure on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to apply to their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that shows how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.“While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising,” Minor said. “The next step in the research w ill be to test RAS’ performance with a gro up of older adults to get a better idea of what video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.”1.What plays a key role in RAS serving the elderly?A.Sensors.B.Videos.C.Signal lights.D.Mobile robots.2.What can we learn about RAS?A.It is the first robot used in daily life.B.Its function remains to be tested.[C.It can locate people and do any task.D.It can cook for owners on its own.3.What’s Minor’s attitude toward the future of RAS?A.Doubtful.B.Negative.C.Optimistic.D.Uncertain.4.What would be a suitable title for the text?A.Elderly People Leave the Nursing Home.B.Smart Home Tests First Elder Care Robot.C.RAS, the First Robot to Make Home Smart.D.Older Adults Have Benefited from RAS a Lot.7、 For the first time ever scientists prepare to set about a 3-yearlong project, the Nekton Mission, to explore the Indian Ocean and documentchanges taking place beneath the waves that could affect the surrounding region over the coming decades.The ambitious exploration team will reach one of the last major unexplored frontiers on the planet, a vast body of water that's already feeling the effects of global warming with rising water temperatures damaging its coral reefs(珊瑚礁). Understanding the Indian Ocean's ecosystem is important not just for the species that live in it, but also for the 2. 5 billion people living in the region.The Nekton Mission is supported by more than 40 organizations. Researchers will spend seven weeks surveying underwater life, map the sea floor, and drop sensors(传感器) to depths of up to 6,560 feet in the seas around the Seychelles.The Seychelles aims to become a leader in the development of a "blue economy" that draws on the resources of the ocean. It relies on fishing and tourism, but has lately also been exploiting oil and gas from beneath the sea floor. "Our ocean is undergoing rapid ecological transformation by human activities. The Nekton Mission is vital to help us better know our ocean space and resources to make wise decisions. Only when we know what we have in the ocean and what is its value can we properly decide what to exploit and what to leave untouched," said Jumeau, the Seychelles' ambassador to the UN.The mission will conduct further dives in other parts of the Indian Ocean over three years. The researchers expect to discover new species and send videos to the world by satellite. The research will provide information for a summit(峰会) about the Indian Ocean planned for late 2021.(1).Why do the scientists plan to explore the Indian Ocean?A.To save the endangered creatures living in the sea.B.To discover the damage mankind has done to the ocean.C.To make the best use of the natural resources in the sea.D.To protect its species and people living around the region.(2).Which is not included in the tasks to be carried out around the Seychelles?A.Drawing maps of the sea floor.B.Finding treasures under the sea.C.Putting sensors into the deep sea.D.Studying underwater life.(3).What can be learned about the Nekton Mission?A.It will extend beyond the Indian Ocean.B.It will benefit a lot from "blue economy".C.It will contribute to the 2021 conference.D.It will find solutions to global warming.(4).What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Scientists Are to Explore the Indian OceanB.The Seychelles Aims to Build a "Blue Economy"C.Effects of Global Warming on Marine EcosystemD.Indian Ocean: the Last Unexplored Frontier on the Planet8、Levison Wood is at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital (SBAH) where, in 2018, the Office of Health Standards awarded the institution the highest honor for its quality of patient care and access to health care professionals. As part of the University of Pretoria, SBAH is a center for world-class surgeons and researchers —and where Levison meets Professor Mashudu Tshifularo.Professor Tshifularo who has performed the world’s first middle ear transplant (移植）using 3D printed bones tells Levison ： "This was not an overnight breakthrough —it’s the result of 10 years’ investing in res earch and state-of-the-art health-tech. Investment in 3D printing has massive potential —we have made history here in South Africa —and it is set tocontinue."According to McKinsey & Company，the estimated(估计的）economicimpact of 3D printing is $ 100—250 billion by 2025，if today’s rate of adoption continues. With the most potential in aerospace (航空航天)，auto，consumer goods and health care, the technologies are making a global impact. MedTech Drive says that 3D printing will be a central part of all major health care businesses within five to ten years.Professor Tshifularo and his team have 3D printed inner ear bones. The procedure presents significantly fewer risks than traditional surgery and is announced as an answer to conductive hearing loss. And it’s not the professor’s only world-first."What I am doing here, nobody else is doing," Professor Tshifularo continues. "In 2008, I performed the world’s first bloodless endoscope-assisted tonsillectomy (扁桃体切除手术）. My team includes experts from all disciplines —including jewelry fields. The international medical community certainly will benefit from this knowledge-sharing and creation in their own country. My research into further innovation is exciting. "1. What does the first paragraph serve as?A. A background.B. A contrast.C. An example.D. A comment.2. Which of the following words can best describe Mashudu Tshifularo?A. Selfless and considerate.B. Determined and humorous.C. Creative and devoted.D. Ambitious and modest.3. What can be learned about 3D printing?A. It brings a large profit to SBAH.B. It is playing a key role in health care.C. It guarantees safety of ear transplants.D. It will be used in a wide range of fields.4. What can be the best title for the text?A. 3D Printing Is Changing the WorldB. 3D Printing Made History by TshifularoC. A Big Breakthrough — 3D Printed EarsD. A Historic Meeting — Levi son and Tshifularo答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B解析：1.主旨大意题.由文章的第一自然段What exactly is intelligence?开篇,下文均是围绕这一问题展开,由此可知答案为D.2.细节理解题.根据第二段From their research, they have discovered thata slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ.从他们的研究中,他们已经发现,在高智商的这些人中,他们的基因都有稍微的不同,这点是相同的.An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question,分析显示,在高智商的小孩儿中有百分之三十二都有思考问题的基因.所以下文他们用的数据是为了来证明这一观点.故答案应为C.3.细节理解题.根据第四段Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn't everything. Many alternative views have been put forward recently. One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner.许多心理学家认为,当谈到智力的时候,智商并不代表一切,许多新的观点已经被提出,其中包括多元智力说.由此可知Howard Gardner认为,智力包括多个因素是正确的.故答案为B4.词义猜测题.根据第四段中的"One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory"可知,其中的一个例子就是20世纪80年代由Howard Gardner提出的多元智力说,它提供了一个比智商理论更为宽广的观点,由此可知This指代的就是前面提到的多元智力说,故B项正确.2答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C解析：1.细节理解题.根据第一段the answer may lie in a skill called "self-distancing", the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively答案可能在于一种叫做"自我疏远"的技能,即后退一步,更客观地看待自己的能力.可知自我疏远就是客观地看待自己,故选D2.细节理解题.根据文章做好一段First, consider how a thoughtful friend might respond after quietly observing their situation. Besides, avoid using the pronoun "I". Focus on using third-person pronouns, he, she, they, and they were able to see the stressful event as challenging rather than threatening. Finally, ask yourself, "How would I feel about this one week from now or ten years from now?" This form of mental time travel may be effective because our attention is directed away from our immediate, concrete circumstances.首先,考虑一下一个有思想的朋友在安静地观察他们的情况之后会如何反应.此外,避免使用代词"i".注意使用第三人称代词,他,她,他们,他们,以及他们能够把这个有压力的事件看作是具有挑战性的,而不是最后,问问你自己:"从现在起的这个星期或者从现在起的十年里,我的感觉如何?"这种形式的精神时间旅行可能是有效的,因为我们的注意力被转移到我们眼前的具体情况上,可知这两个人是怎么走到这一步的?故选B.3.文章标题.文章介绍"自我疏远"的技能,即后退一步,更客观地看待自己的能力.一项研究表明,当人们在讨论困难事件时采取自我疏远的态度时,它们就更有意义了他们的反应中,感情上的痛苦较少,压力的迹象也较少.可知标题为打破消极思考的循环,故选C.3答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.D; 4.D解析：1.细节题。

2020年全国硕士研究生英语一模拟题中公考研

2020年全国硕士研究生英语一模拟题中公考研Title: National Master's Entrance Examination English Mock Test 2020Introduction:The National Master's Entrance Examination is a crucial step for graduate students who wish to pursue further studies in China. The English test is a key component of this examination and requires comprehensive preparation in order to succeed. In this article, we will provide a mock test based on the 2020 national master's entrance examination format to help students prepare for this important examination.Reading Comprehension:1. According to the passage, what are the main challenges facing the global economy in 2020?A. Declining population growthB. Increasing inequalityC. Climate changeD. Political instability2. Why is renewable energy becoming increasingly popular worldwide?A. Lower costsB. Environmental concernsC. Government subsidiesD. All of the above3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of renewable energyB. The challenges facing the global economyC. The impact of climate change on the environmentD. The role of government in promoting renewable energyListening Comprehension:Listen to the following passage and answer the questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. What are the advantages of studying abroad?3. How can students prepare for studying abroad?Writing:Write an essay on the following topic:"Discuss the impact of globalization on culture and society. How has globalization changed the way people live, work, and interact with each other? What are the positive and negative aspects of globalization on culture and society?"Conclusion:The National Master's Entrance Examination is a challenging test that requires thorough preparation in order to succeed. By practicing with mock tests like the one provided in this article, students can improve their English skills and increase their chances of scoring well on the examination. Good luck to all students preparing for the National Master's Entrance Examination in 2020!。

考研英语阅读模拟测试题及答案分析

考研英语阅读模拟测试题及答案分析考研英语阅读模拟测试题及答案分析There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents.More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11，000 miles each year.Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher.For the average adult，over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels.One third of drivers who have been drinking，but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers，demonstrate these levels.1)Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes，the probability of their involvements is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role.Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country‘s population，it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both.While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most，anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers.In some states，the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers committing any traffic offense and higher BAC can be the basis for arrest.The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates，however，that even with increased arrests，there are about 700 violations for every arrest.At this level there is littleevidence that laws are effective ways to reduce drunk driving.In Britain，motor vehicle accidents fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. 2) As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped，the effectiveness declined，although in the following three years the death-rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic drinks will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most accidents is unclear.One thing is clear，however：unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic drinking plays a role，many will continue to die.1.The author is primarily concerned with____.[A] interpreting the results of surveys on traffic accidents[B] reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to reduce drunk driving[C] analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic deaths[D] making an international comparison of experience with drunk driving2.It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain____.[A] changed an existing law to lower the BAC level which defined drunk driving[B] made it illegal for the drunk driver to drive[C] increased the number of drunk driving arrests[D] placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks3.The author implies that a BAC of 0.1 percent ____.the sale of alcoholic drinks[A] is unreasonably high as a definition of drunk driving[B] penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limit[C] is well below the BAC of most drivers who are involved in fatal crashes[D] proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time4.The author cites the British example in order to____.[A] show that the problem of drunk driving is worse in Britain than in the U.S.[B] prove that stricter laws against drinking drivers would reduce traffic deaths[C] prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of drunk drivers will not deter drunk driving[D] suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws5.The word“deter”in the last paragraph probably means____.[A] prevent[B] encourage[C] punish[D] threaten参考答案：1.[B] 本文探讨了饮酒和汽车事故率的关系，以及相应的限制酒后驾驶的法律对事故率的影响。

2020年考研理学类英语阅读理解模拟题及答案(1)

2020年考研理学类英语阅读理解模拟题及答案(1)Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They've known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project， a 15-yeareffort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny and gene in human DNA. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quicklyas possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valleypirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor's secrets， genetic engineers are decoding life's molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.And that's just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done， however， science is still far away from theBrave New World vision of engineering a perfect human—oreven a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace， and many diseases willtake decades to conquer， if they can be conquered at all.In the short run， the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatmentsthat delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease， for example， could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the genethat was supposed to make it is defective， they might beable to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances， almost nothing can be done to stopthe ravages brought on by genetic mutations. (409 words)1. It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _____.[A] know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program[B] have found the basic building blocks of life[C] have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-century[D] are making a breakthrough in DNA2. Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that ______.[A] time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of in human DNA[B] human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patients[C] gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of human diseases[D] information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases3. The word “pirate” (line 2， paragraph 3) means______.[A] one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea[B] one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorization[C] to take (something) by piracy[D] to make use of or reproduce (another's work) without authorization4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_____.[A] engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time being[B] it‘s impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomato[C] many diseases will never be conquered by human beings[D] doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the long run5. The best title for the text may be ______.[A] DNA and Heredity[B] The Genetic Revolution[C] A Biomedical Revolution[D] How to Apply Genetic Technology词汇注释stuff 物质preamble 开端nook and cranny 排列potency 力量susceptible 易受感染的predisposition 易患病的体质1. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.[简析] 本句话的主干是“They know that…”。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语模拟试卷答案解析（20页）

2020年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试英语模拟试卷答案解析（20页）2020年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试英语模拟试卷英语注意事项：1、答卷前，考⽣务必将⾃⼰的姓名、考⽣号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2、回答选择题时，选出每⼩题答案后，⽤铅笔把答题卡上对应题⽬的答案标号涂⿊。

如需改动，⽤橡⽪擦⼲净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答⾮选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上⽆效。

3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡⼀并交回。

第⼀部分阅读第⼀节：阅读下列短⽂,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ADrone X Pro is a shining star on the drone(⽆⼈机) market. Here's why it's gone viral.How does Drone X Pro work？Start by installing the Drone app to your smartphone (Android and iOS). It takes just minutes. After that, just install(安装)the battery in your drone and launch the app. You're now ready to fly your Drone X Pro！Why is this drone so special？The drone is about the size of a large screen smartphone. It's so small that it fits in any pocket or handbag！Here's the best part: flying is extremely easy. There's no experience required to fly this drone. You can easily control and fly this drone，even if you've never flown a drone in your life. Flying the drone is smooth and natural as riding a bike. Our friend's son came over to the office, and he figured out how to fly the drone in just minutes. You can't imagine how stable and smooth his controls are！Once you own this drone，you can enjoy amazing HD pictures of nature，friends，and families. It's a blast！How much does it cost？Now，Drone X Pro sells for ＄150 each online and two at a discount of 80％. It's a great deal！If you're not satisfied, return it and you can get your money back.Because of the easy use，portability, low price，and small size，it's absolutely worth it！Just imagine amazing pictures and videos you'll be taking with your new Drone X Pro. If you've never flown a.drone before，this is the time to start！Call now！400-800-7832 or order yours from the official website www dronexpro. com.1. What makes Drone X Pro different from the other drones？A. It is easy to carry.B. It is unnecessary to install.C. It is complex to control.D. It is expensive to afford.2. How does the advertisement prove flying Drone X Pro easy？A. By sharing some experience.B. By presenting a vivid picture.C. By stating its operating steps.D. By giving a specific example.3. How much should you pay to purchase two such drones online？A. ＄120.B. ＄150.C. $240.D. $ 300.【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C【解析】这是⼀篇应⽤⽂。

2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语模拟卷5

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A(2019·太原市测评)INTRODUCTIONChinese Government Scholarship program for international students is established by the Ministry of Education(MOE) of the People's Republic of China aiming to promote Chinese higher education brand on an international basis.China Scholarship Council,entrusted by the MOE,holds the responsibility of verification(证实),approval and the routine management of the program.SCHOLARSHIP COVERAGETuition；campus accommodation fees；medical insurance and a monthly allowance.APPLICANTS●Applicants must be nonChinese citizens and in good health.●Applicants for a master's degree program must have a bachelor's degree and be under 35.●Applicants for a doctoral degree program must have a master's degree and be under 40.APPLICATION1．Apply online at 2．Mail application documents to East China Normal University(ECNU)●An application form for Chinese Government Scholarship.●The highest diploma and academic transcripts(学生成绩单)(notarized photocopies)．Documents in languages other than Chinese or English must be attached with notarized(经过公证的) translation in Chinese or English.●A research plan.It is required to be no more than 800 words.●Recommendation letters.Applicants for postgraduate studies must submit two letters of recommendation in Chinese or English by professors or associate professors.●A photocopy of Foreigner Physical Examination Form. Please select theappropriate time to take medical examination as it is valid for only 180 days.●The HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test)certificate.●The processing fee.The bank wire receipt should be enclosed in the application package.3．Application dateYour application documents should reach the International Students Office of ECNU by April 30th.APPROVAL AND NOTIFICATIONThe result will be posted online at http：// by the end of June.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。