考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一
考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析（精华）
考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析(一)It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patientswho wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 1 0. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Rightto Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line servi ce, Death NET. Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, becaus e of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of theTerminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying todeal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed si ghs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and thehaste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changi ng community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In theUS and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can reques t death-probably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffe ring. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors.After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a cer tificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung ca ncer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with li ving without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritualpoint of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I'vewatched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says.51. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.（A）the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries（B）physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia（C）changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law（D）it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________.（A）observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia（B）similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada andother countries（C）observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes（D）the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.（A）face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia（B）experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient（C）have an intense fear of terrible suffering（D）undergo a cooling off period of seven days54. The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of________.（A）opposition （B）suspicion （C）approval （D）indiffer ence答案及试题解析51.（D）意为：理解该法获批准的意义尚需要时间。
考研英语阅读模拟题及解析基础篇U1-1
基础篇 Unit 1-1Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit ○1 by computation (计算机自动化) . Word processors○2 and typists○3 will lose about 93,000 jobs over the next few years, while ○4 57,000 secretarial○5 jobs will vanish○6 . Blame the PC: Today, many executives○7 type their own memos and carry their "secretaries" in the palms of their hands. Time is also hard for stock clerks, whose ○8 ranks are expected to decrease○9 by 68,000. And employees in manufacturing ○10 firms ○11 and wholesalers are being replaced ○12 with computerized ○13 systems.But not everyone who loses a job ○14 will end up in ○15 the unemployment ○16 line. Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies. When new technologies shook up the telecomm business, telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued ○17 retraining. She is now a communications ○18technician, earning ○19 about $ 64,000 per year. Of course, if you’ve been○20 a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years, and you find yourself replaced by an E-ZPass machine, it may be of little consolation ○21 to know that the telecomm field is booming ○22 .And that’s just it: The service economy is fading; welcome to the expertise(专门知识 ) economy. To succeed ○23 in the new job market, you must be able to handle ○24 complex problems. Indeed, all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations — air-traffic controller — demand at least a bachelor’s degree.For those with just a high school diploma, it’s going to get tougher ○25 to find a well-paying job. Since ○26 fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available ○27, what’s left will be the jobs that computation can’t kill: Computers can’t clean offices, or care for Alzheimer’s patients (老年痴呆病人) . But, since most people have the skills to fill those positions, the wages ○28 stay painfully low, meaning computation could drive a n even deeper wedge between the rich and poor. The best advice now: Never stop learning, and keep up with new technology.For busy adults, of course, that can be tough. The good news is that the very technology that’s reducing so many jobs is also making it easier to go back to school ― without ○29 having to sit in a classroom. So-called Internet distance learning is hot, with ○29 more than three million students currently enrolled, and it’s gaining ○30 credibility with employers.Are you at risk of ○31 losing your job to a computer? Check the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics’Occupational Outlook Handbook, which is available online at bls. gov.1. From the first paragraph we can infer○32 that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT _______.A. secretariesB. stock clerksC. managersD. wholesalers2. In the second paragraph the author mentions the tollbooth collector to _______.A. mean he will get benefits ○33 from the telecom fieldB. show he is too old to shift to a new positionC. console him on having been replaced by a machineD. blame ○34 the PC for his unemployment3. By saying“…computation could drive an even deeper wedge between the rich and poor"(Line 5, Para. 4) the author means _______.A. people are getting richer and richerB. there will be a small gap between rich and poorC. the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and largerD. it's time to close up the gap between the rich and poor4. What is the author's attitude towards computers?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Prejudiced.5. Which of the following might serve as the best title of passage?A. Blaming the PCB. The Booming Telecom FieldC. Internet Distance LeaningD. Keeping Up with Computation答案： CBCAD文中标红部分语言点解析：1 、分词后置做定语Office jobs are among the positions (which are) hardest hit by computation.过去分词如果名词与作定语的动词为被动关系时，则定语有下列三种形式：a. 如果动作已发生或经常的行为，用 done。
考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析（一）
With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation's news coverage, as well as listen to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children's programmes and films for an annual licence fee of ￡83 per household. It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years - yet the BBC's future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organisation, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC - including ordinary listeners and viewers - to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC's royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organisation as it is, or to make changes. Defenders of the Corporation - of whom there are many - are fond of quoting the American slogan. If it ain't broke, don't fix it. The BBC ain't broke, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it? Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels -ITV and Channel 4 - were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels - funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions - which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term. 55. The world famous BBC now faces ________. （A） the problem of new coverage （B） an uncertain prospect （C） inquiries by the general public （D） shrinkage of audience 56. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue? （A） Extension of its TV service to Far East. （B） Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate. （C） Potentials for further international co-operations. （D） Its existence as a broadcasting organisation. 57. The BBC's royal charter （line 4, paragraph 4） stands for ________. （A） the financial support from the royal family （B） the privileges granted by the Queen （C） a contract with the Queen （D） a unique relationship with the royal family 58. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ________. （A） the emergence of commercial TV channels （B） the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government （C） the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs （D） the challenge of new satellite channels 答案及试题解析 试题解析： 55. （B） 意为：前景不定。
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析(1)
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析（1）(1~20/共20题)完形填空Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are a-ble to __1__ , to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless, __2__ world is an insecure world. We do not like extensive insecurity. When it __3__ to human behavior we infer meaning and __4__ to make the behavior understandable. What all this means is that people develop quasi theories of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in an objective, scientific __5__ When doing so, people believe they know __6__ humans do the things they do.Lets consider an example. In the United States people have been __7__ with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourselves could be __8__ But what also bothers us is that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen We develop quasi theories. We __9__ concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we __10__ it; our criminal justice system is __11__ ; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values __12__ from the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are __13__ drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions. __14__ the courts; put more people in jail as __15__ to other law breakers. There is hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we __16__ these solutions. Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor __17__ so threatening.These quasi theories __18__ serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they How __19__ will the suggested solutions be These questions must be answered __20__ how people normally go about developing or attaining their quasi theories of human behavior.第1题A.understandB.reasonC.meditateD.reckon第2题A.unanimousB.unimaginableC.disorganizedD.unpredictable第3题esB.getsC.goesD.amounts第4题A.initiativesB.illustrationC.conclusionsD.motives第5题A.meansB.mediumD.approach第6题A.whetherB.howC.whenD.why第7题A.concernedB.worriedC.disturbedD.involved第8题A.preysB.victimsC.casualtiesD.sacrifices第9题A.retainB.maintainC.remainD.refrain第10题A.knowB.understandprehendD.grasp第11题A.deficientB.precautiousC.destructiveD.inadequate 第12题A.weakenB.shrinkC.circumscribeD.evade第13题A.withB.againstC.forD.on第14题A.StrengthenC.IntensifyD.Consolidate第15题A.examplesB.modelsC.casesD.samples第16题A.see toB.work outC.act one up with第17题A.quiteB.ratherC.veryD.much第18题A.moreoverB.otherwiseC.neverthelessD.therefore第19题A.effectiveB.efficientC.proficientD.sufficient第20题A.with respect toB.as a result ofC.on behalf ofD.in line with下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Populations tend to grow at an exponential rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first week, you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over a million dollars.This helps explain why the population has come on all of a sudden. It took from the beginningof human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years, and in 1975 world population reached 4 billion, which is another billion people in only Fifteen years.World population is increasing at a rate of 9,000 per hour, 220,000 per day, 80 million per year. This is not only due to higher birth rates, but to lower death rates as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths.Some countries, such as Columbia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica, and the Philippines, are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years, with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about every eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0.8 percent per year. Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people. It is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries.第21题This passage chiefly discusses ______.A.the growth of world populationB.one type of the exponential rateC.the population problem of more rapidly growing countriesD.the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth第22题According to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has come on all of a suddenA.The penny which doubles itself every day for one month.B.The time span of at least two million years in human history.C.An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author.D.The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week.第23题It took ______ for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion.A.100 yearsB.145 yearsC.1975 yearsD.Over two million years第24题Which of the following statements is NOT trueA.World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute.B.Lower death rates also contribute to world population growth.C.The population of Columbia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D.The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years.第25题When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including ______.A.hospitals and medicinesB.schools and studentsC.food and manpower resourcesD.all of the above上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)With 22 years on the job, Jackie Bracey could be considered a career employee of the Internal Revenue Service. But she defies any stereotype of an over-eager agent running down a reluctant taxpayer. Instead, she spends her time defending people who owe the government money. Ms. Bracey, based in Greensboro N. C., is a taxpayer advocate, a created by Congress in 1998 as part of the kinder, gentler theme adopted by the tax collection agency. Bracey and advocates at 73 Other offices nationwide, backed by 2,100 field workers and staff, go to bat for taxpayers who are in financial straits because of something the agency has done or is about to do.Though it may seem contrary to the IRS, the advocate service not only helps taxpayers, but identifies procedural problems. The main goal, though, is for the ombudsman to step into a dispute a taxpayer is having with the IRS when it appears that something the IRS is doing, or planning, would create an undue hardship on the taxpayer. This can range from speeding up resolution of a dispute that has dragged on too long, to demanding that the IRS halt a collection action that the taxpayer can show he or sh e “is suffering or is about to suffer a significant hardship.”Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around in one form or another since 1979, says Nina Olson, the national taxpayer advocate. But they were given much more power in 1998 when Congress decided that the workers would no longer report to regional directors but to her office. While this gave them a great deal more authority, outside watchdogs say more can be done. “There is a long way to go to get an agency that feels independent and emboldened to work for taxpayers”, says Joe Seep, a vice president of the Washington-based tax-advocacy group.The taxpayers union also has complained that Congress and the Bush administration don’t seem to be taking the advocates seriously enough. Each year, the IRS group reports to Congress on the top problems that advocates see. Many of these are systemic problems that can gum up the works for both taxpayer and collector, such as a December notice from Ms. Olson that the IRS should have just one definition of a dependent child, rather than the three definitions currently used. While taxpayer advocates can help smooth things out in many cases, they cannot ignore laws.If taxpayers haven’t made legitimate claims for credits, there’s nothing the advocate can do to reverse that course. And Olson says that while taxpayers are free to use her service, they should keep in mind that it does not replace the normal appeals process and should be the last place a citizen calls upon for help, not the first. “We’re really there for.when the processes fall down,” she says. Every state has at least one taxpayer-advocate service office.第26题According to the text, the main task of tax advocates isA.to chase and collect tax from reluctant taxpayers.B.to cooperate with field workers and support staff.。
英语考研模考试题及答案
英语考研模考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of environmental protection.B) The impact of technology on the environment.C) The benefits of sustainable development.D) The challenges of urbanization.答案：B2. According to the author, which of the following is the most effective way to reduce pollution?A) Recycling.B) Using public transportation.C) Planting more trees.D) Developing renewable energy.答案：D3. What does the author suggest about the future of cities?A) They will become more crowded.B) They will rely more on technology.C) They will be more sustainable.D) They will have fewer natural resources.答案：C4. What is the author's opinion on the role of individuals in environmental protection?A) It is not significant.B) It is crucial.C) It is limited.D) It is optional.答案：B5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage asa solution to environmental problems?A) Reducing waste.B) Encouraging carpooling.C) Implementing stricter regulations.D) Banning the use of plastics.答案：D二、完形填空（共20分，每题1分）In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection. Many people are now taking action to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainable lifestyles. However, it is not just individuals who can make a difference; businesses and governments also have a role to play.6. ______, the environment is a global issue that affects everyone.A) ThereforeB) ConsequentlyC) MoreoverD) Otherwise答案：A7. ______, many companies have started to implement eco-friendly practices.A) As a resultB) In additionC) On the other handD) For instance答案：A8. ______, governments have introduced new laws to regulate pollution.A) SimilarlyB) LikewiseC) ConverselyD) Nevertheless答案：B9. ______, it is important to remember that change starts at home.A) FurthermoreB) AdditionallyC) HoweverD) Therefore答案：C10. ______, individuals can make a significant impact by adopting green habits.A) In conclusionB) In summaryC) UltimatelyD) Finally答案：C三、翻译（共20分，每题5分）11. 随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于互联网。
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析(一)阅读理解部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
下面是的考研英语(一)阅读理解练习试题，欢迎阅读!France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character andintellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six monthsin prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problemin focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impactthe fashion industry has on body ideals, especially onyoung people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement isto deny aess for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of pliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. Aording to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined【解析】推断题。
考研英语阅读模拟测试题及答案分析
考研英语阅读模拟测试题及答案分析考研英语阅读模拟测试题及答案分析There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents.More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11，000 miles each year.Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher.For the average adult，over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels.One third of drivers who have been drinking，but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers，demonstrate these levels.1)Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes，the probability of their involvements is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role.Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country‘s population，it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both.While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most，anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers.In some states，the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers committing any traffic offense and higher BAC can be the basis for arrest.The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates，however，that even with increased arrests，there are about 700 violations for every arrest.At this level there is littleevidence that laws are effective ways to reduce drunk driving.In Britain，motor vehicle accidents fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. 2) As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped，the effectiveness declined，although in the following three years the death-rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic drinks will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most accidents is unclear.One thing is clear，however：unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic drinking plays a role，many will continue to die.1.The author is primarily concerned with____.[A] interpreting the results of surveys on traffic accidents[B] reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to reduce drunk driving[C] analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic deaths[D] making an international comparison of experience with drunk driving2.It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain____.[A] changed an existing law to lower the BAC level which defined drunk driving[B] made it illegal for the drunk driver to drive[C] increased the number of drunk driving arrests[D] placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks3.The author implies that a BAC of 0.1 percent ____.the sale of alcoholic drinks[A] is unreasonably high as a definition of drunk driving[B] penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limit[C] is well below the BAC of most drivers who are involved in fatal crashes[D] proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time4.The author cites the British example in order to____.[A] show that the problem of drunk driving is worse in Britain than in the U.S.[B] prove that stricter laws against drinking drivers would reduce traffic deaths[C] prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of drunk drivers will not deter drunk driving[D] suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws5.The word“deter”in the last paragraph probably means____.[A] prevent[B] encourage[C] punish[D] threaten参考答案：1.[B] 本文探讨了饮酒和汽车事故率的关系，以及相应的限制酒后驾驶的法律对事故率的影响。
考研英语模拟试卷(附答案及详解)
考研英语模拟试卷（附答案及详解）一、完形填空directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one that best fits into the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.In recent years, the concept of "worklife balance" has gained increasing attention. Many people are trying hard to achieve a balance between their work and personal life. However, it is not an easy task for everyone. The following passage discusses some tips on how to (1) __________ this balance.First and foremost, it is important to set clearpriorities. You need to know what is (2) __________ to youand allocate your time accordingly. If your family is yourtop priority, then you should be willing to (3) __________your work schedule to spend more time with them.Secondly, learn to say no. In today's fastpaced world, it is easy to be overwhelmed various tasks and responsibilities. However, you should not (4) __________ to take on more work than you can handle. By saying no, you are actually (5)__________ your time and energy for more important things.Lastly, don't forget to take care of yourself. Engaging in regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, and getting enough sleep are essential for (8) __________ your work performance and personal wellbeing.By following these tips, you will be better equipped to (9) __________ the challenges of maintaining a worklife balance. Remember, it is a continuous process, and you need to (10) __________ and adjust your strategies accordingly.二、阅读理解Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed ten questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1The importance of reading cannot be overstated. It is a fundamental skill that can enhance our knowledge, expand our horizons, and even improve our mental health. The following passage discusses the benefits of reading and how to incorporate it into our daily lives.Passage 2三、翻译Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.1. 随着互联网的普及，信息传播速度越来越快。
考研英语一模拟试卷及详解
考研英语一模考试卷及详解SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）Science has now proved humans can’t help talking about themselves.It just feels too good.In a new study,Harvard University researchers conducted a series of experiments to1how much people liked talking about themselves and why.In one study,they scanned people’s brains2those people either revealed personal information about themselves or3the opinions of others.In another experiment, researchers tested whether people preferred to answer questions about themselves, other people or4facts—participants got differing levels of monetary compensation5on the question they chose.No matter the test,the researchers found the results pointed the same way:humans get a biochemical excitement from6.That’s7we spend almost40%of conversation talking about ourselves,says the study—our brain chemistry8us to do it.In the first experiment,researchers found that sharing personal information led to9in the reward areas of the brain —the same ones that are10in response to rewards like food.Talking about other people did not11the circuits as much.In the second experiment,people were willing to1217%of their earnings in order to answer questions about themselves. The researchers also noted that people13enjoyed self-disclosure if they knew other people were listening.When people were given a choice to share their responses with others or to keep them14,they sacrificed25%of their potential earnings in order to15the personal information.Previously,humans’16for talking about themselves was thought to be caused by a desire for17with others,a way to open up to people and get them to trust us18in hopes of setting the foundation for friendship.19this appears to be the first study to20that people talk about themselves mainly because they like the way it feels.1.[A]assess[B]value[C]emphasize[D]sustain2.[A]and[B]while[C]whereas[D]since3.[A]collected[B]followed[C]judged[D]changed4.[A]indifferent[B]unconcerned[C]neutral[D]detached5.[A]depending[B]relying[C]reacting[D]deciding6.[A]self-talk[B]self-disclosure[C]self-confidence[D]self-evaluation7.[A]How[B]where[C]why[D]what8.[A]allows[B]drives[C]urges[D]lures9.[A]impairment[B]abnormality[C]activity[D]motivation10.[A]included[B]engaged[C]participated[D]absorbed11.[A]create[B]introduce[C]summon[D]trigger12.[A]give up[B]give away[C]give out[D]give in13.[A]barely[B]particularly[C]rarely[D]seldom考研英语一模考试卷及详解14.[A]private[B]individual[C]safe[D]accurate15.[A]conceal[B]broadcast[C]register[D]protect16.[A]pursuit[B]prejudice[C]Preference[D]demand17.[A]competition[B]intimacy[C]comparison[D]imitation18.[A]in return[B]in reply[C]in reference[D]in turn19.[A]Hence[B]However[C]Although[D]But20.[A]suppose[B]require[C]mention[D]suggestSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1The World Wide Web was invented—initially,with the intention of making it easier for scientists to share their results—and everything changed.Now,any scientist worth his grant has a website,and that site will often let the casual visitor download copies of its owner’s work.And,though it has taken a while,some publishers have decided they do mind about this—indeed one,Elsevier,based in the Netherlands, has been fighting back.It is using the Digital Millennium Copyright Act(DMCA),an American law that lets copyright holders demand the removal of anything posted online without their permission,to require individual scientists to eliminate from their websites papers published in its journals.Elsevier seems to have the law on its side.Like journalists writing for a newspaper, academics submitting an article to a journal usually sign contracts which transfer copyright to the publisher.But,though the firm may be right legally,culturally it is on trickier ground,given the ubiquity of current practice.As Thomas Hickerson, the University of Calgary’s chief librarian,puts it,"requesting such removals…seems at odds with the nature of an academic enterprise,in which the sharing of research information is an essential element."The short-term response from scientists and their employers seems to be that if Elsevier persists,and other publishers join in,they will try to find legal workarounds.As the University of California,Irvine,which was on the receiving end of some of the takedown notices,points out in advice to its staff,it is usually only the final version of an article,as it appears in a journal,that is covered by publisher’s copyright.There is nothing to stop scientists making earlier versions available.Many universities run repositories in which such drafts can be deposited for anyone to read.In an article posted shortly after the row started,Elsevier itself pointed out that such earlier versions can be shared freely.In the longer run,however,cracking down in this way risks having the perverse effect, from the publishers’point of view,of accelerating the rise of"open access" publishing,in which papers are made available online at no cost to the reader,and which therefore sidesteps at least some of the administrative headaches oftraditional journal publishing.Many advocates of open access make a moral case for it,too,arguing that freely available research is a public good—and that much of it is paid for by taxpayers in the first place.Ross Mounce,a paleontologist at the University of Bath,in England,and an advocate of open access,is enthusiastic about what has happened."This",he says,referring to the row,"has been great for open-access advocates.Lots of people who were completely apathetic before are starting to realize the importance of how we distribute scientific research."21.Elsevier has the legal right to remove papers from its authors’website because_____.[A]research has to be published exclusively.[B]the DMCA applies to multinational businesses.[C]copyright has already been signed over to it.[D]the window allowing free download has been closed.22.Thomas Hickers on would most likely agree that_____.[A]Elsevier should demand the removals.[B]research should be distributed freely.[C]academic publishers should be protected.[D]libraries are entitled to free papers.23.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that_____.[A]it is legal for a scientist to use a draft of are search paper.[B]universities are ready to go against publishers in court.[C]Elsevier grants the use of copies of its papers to teaching.[D]other publishers are expected to follow suit soon enough.24.The author believes that"open access"publishing may_____.[A]solve academic publishers’problems.[B]thrive due to Elsevier’s course of action.[C]accelerate the rate of scientific discoveries.[D]help expose science to the general public.25.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?[A]It is immoral for Elsevier to hinder the circulation of its papers.[B]Most college professors are passionate advocates of open access.[C]Government-funded research can be seen as public property.[D]The open access movement is losing popularity due to the row.Text2A poll of Nature’s readers suggests that feelings about metrics are mixed.Many researchers say that,in principle,they welcome the use of quantitative performance metrics because of the potential for clarity and objectivity.Yet they also worry that the hiring,promotion and tenure committees that control their fate will ignore考研英语一模考试卷及详解crucial but hard-to-quantify aspects of scientific performance such as mentor ship and collaboration building,and instead focus exclusively on a handful of easy-to-measure numbers related mostly to their publication and citation rates. Academic administrators contacted by Nature suggest that this fear may be exaggerated.Most institutions seem to take a gratifyingly nuanced approach to hiring and tenure decisions,relying less on numbers and more on wide-ranging,qualitative assessments of a candidate’s performance made by experts in the relevant field. Yet such enlightenednuancing cannot be taken for granted.Numbers can be surprisingly seductive,and evaluation committees need to guard against letting a superficial precision undermine their time-consuming assessment of a scientist’s full body of work.This is particularly true in countries such as Britain,where metrics-heavy national assessments of universities can trickle down,so that individuals feel more rewarded for quantity than for quality--and change theirbehavior to match.New measures of scientific impact are being developed all the time,in part driven by government agencies looking to quantify the results they are getting for their investment.Such innovation is to be encouraged.But researchers must be mindful of how and why the metrics they are making are being used.There needs to be much discussion between specialists such as social scientists,economists and scientometricians to ensure that metrics development goes hand-in-hand with a discussion of what the metrics are for,and how they are affecting people.Only then can good suggestions be made about how to improve the system.Academic administrators,conversely,need to understand what the various metrics can and cannot tell them.Many measures—including the classic"impact factor"that attempts to describe a journal’s influence—were not designed to assess individual scientists.Yet people still sometimes try to apply them in that way.Given that scientometricians continue to devise metrics of ever-increasing sophistication, universities and scientific societies need to help decision-makers keep abreast.Setting a good example is the European Summer School for Scientometrics, a program that is being inaugurated in Berlin.It promises a science-based approach to tutoring on the merits and pitfalls of various metrics.Institutions must also ensure that they give their researchers a clear and complete picture of how assessments are made.This can be awkward—but transparency is essential:no matter how earnestly evaluation committees say that they are assessing the full body of a scientist’s work,not being open about the criteria breeds the impression that a fixed number of publications is a strict requirement,that teaching is undervalued and that service to the community is worthless.Such impressions do more than breed discontent--they alter the way that scientists behave.To promote good science,those doors must be opened wide.26.What will relieve researchers of their worries according to the passage?[A]Quantitative metrics system will be soon abolished.[B]Qualitative performance is more valued by committees.[C]Synthetic assessment is now adopted by institutions.[D]Quantitative versus qualitative debate will disappear.27.The author refers to Britain in the third paragraph as______.[A]a warning of possible threats therein.[B]a qualitative example for others to follow.[C]a disproof of quantitative evaluation.[D]a support to enlightenment institutions.28.What is essential to perfect the evaluation system according to the author?[A]Full discussions among experts over metrics.[B]Fair criteria of institutions to devise metrics.[C]Clear knowledge of the purpose of new metrics.[D]Definitive definition by scientists of metrics.29.In Paragraph5,the author shows his concern of______.[A]the confusion of scientists about evaluation criteria.[B]the ineffectiveness of evaluation measures applied.[C]the ignorance of decision-makers to metrics influence.[D]the incompetence of the assessment committee.30.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]Most researchers are not aware of assessment criteria.[B]Superficial evaluation could lead to misconceptions.[C]Community service is highly admired by the academia.[D]Current assessment system distorts scientists’behavior.Text3A cluster of state-owned power plants in north-western Greece have been spewing smoke and toxic ash over nearby villages for decades.The plants are fueled by lignite, a dirty brown coal extracted from open-pit mines that scar the local countryside. Studies have shown that mining communities suffer above-average rates of lung disease and cancer,yet jobs in other sectors are scarce in a region with chronically high unemployment.Changes may be on the way.Kyriakos Mitsotakis,the new centre-right prime minister, has promised to shut down all of Greece’s14lignite-fired power stations by2024. Fleets of wind turbines and solar panels will be rolled out across rehabilitated mining areas.Mr Mitsotakis is anxious to boost Greece’s green credentials:at present its annual carbon-equivalent emissions are a third higher than those of Portugal,a similar-sized EU member state.Despite being blessed by abundant sunshine and strong winds that blow year-round across the Aegean sea,Greece is still a clean-energy laggard.That is mostly due to PPC,the state electricity utility,which has stuck to lignite to save money, rather than switching to natural gas and renewables.In2017some70%of homes and businesses consumed electricity that was produced at PPC’s lignite-fired power stations.This year the figure may fall to50%:small private suppliers that run natural-gas-fired plants have picked up customers fleeing PPC after Mr Mitsotakis’考研英语一模考试卷及详解s government raised its electricity prices.The prime minister has set himself a remarkably ambitious target:renewable sources are to cover35%of Greece’s energy needs by2030.That would mean tripling current wind and solar output,at a cost of around 40bn.Consultants predict a bonanza for foreign investors:Chinese,American,Spanish and Italian companies already own Greek wind and solar installations and are acquiring licences to build more. Oddly,they will face strong opposition from Greece’s increasingly active environmental movement.It takes up to seven years for a licence for a wind park to be granted;many applications are rejected by specialist judges at the council of state,Greece’s highest legal body.Apostolos Pantelis,a hill-walker,is campaigning against plans to build wind parks on mountain ridges in the remote Agrafa region,a refuge for rare griffon vultures, brown bears and wolves.Greece’s environment is"too fragile"to sustain such big projects,he says.New roads would erode the mountainsides and noisy,200m-high turbines would scare away its wildlife.He says that"people used to think wind energy would be beneficial for tourism.But it just ruins the view."31.The Greece government is going to______in north-western Greece.[A]shut down lignite power plants[B]solve the problem of unemployment[C]lower the rate of lung disease[D]revitalize the mining communities32.Which of the following is true of PPC?[A]It uses lignite in that Greece lacks clean energy.[B]It will turn to wind and solar energy soon.[C]It owns14lignite-fired power stations.[D]It dominated power supply in Greece.33.The prime minister’s energy reform may benefit______.[A]foreign investors[B]lignite miners[C]power plants[D]hill-walkers34.Mr.Apostolos Pantelis objects to wind-park plans because he______.[A]strongly advocates opposing environmental movement[B]wants to preserve the landscape and wildlife in Agafra[C]regards wind parks as bonanza for foreign investors[D]believes it is time-consuming to realize the plans35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]The Abuse of Lignite[B]Environment or Tourism[C]Greening Greece[D]More Wind ParksText4The Obama administration released new pollution rules on oil and natural gas production Tuesday to predictable howls from industry.The danger,though,is that the rules won’t do enough to achieve the United States’climate goals.The fracking boom has opened vast deposits of American oil and natural gas for extraction,and that’s been a good thing.The industry has created jobs and cut fuel imports.Natural gas,now cheap,has substituted for dirty coal in electricity production.When burned,natural gas produces significantly fewer greenhouse emissions than coal.But there’s a major problem:Methane,the primary constituent in natural gas,is an extremely potent greenhouse agent when it escapes from wells or pipelines without being burned.Even relatively small amounts of leakage can wipe away the climate benefits of switching to natural gas.That’s why President Obama set a goal of reducing methane leakage by40percent to45percent by2025.The Environmental Protection Agency took a step toward that goal on Tuesday.The agency rolled out rules requiring the oil and gas industry to take more care not to leak methane from new or significantly altered wells,compressors,pneumaticpumps and other potential sources.Environmental groups have long argued that these sorts of upgrades are among the cheapest ways to cut greenhouse emissions.The EPA,meanwhile,points out that the rules should also prevent unhealthful air pollution around oil and gas facilities. The industry counters that companies have already cut methane leakage even as oil and gas production have shot up,pointing out it has an economic incentive to keep its product from leaking.That’s true,up to a point,but these companies don’t have to account for the climate impacts of that leakage so their incentive may be less than what society’s interests would dictate.Until the country has an effective price on carbon that would force companies to account for their greenhouse impact, this line of argument will not be convincing.Also released Tuesday was a report underscoring the need to act on methane emissions, and soon.The study,published in the journal Environmental Science&Technology, found that previous EPA estimates of leakage rates from natural gas collection and processing facilities were far too low.It is findings such as these that have convinced environmental groups that the Obama administration must set comprehensive rules that would be much more ambitious than those announced Tuesday,covering existing infrastructure,not just new or significantly rebuilt facilities.If,after serious study,the EPA is confident that the government will reach its methane goal without a broader crackdown,so much the better.But federal and state regulators shouldn’t hesitate to go further if that promise won’t be realized.36.It can be inferred from Paragraphs2and3that_____.[A]the primary compound in natural gas is the main culprit of greenhouse[B]methane leakage may neutralize the climate benefits of natural gas use[C]anti-leak technologies should be introduced to cutmethane emissions考研英语一模考试卷及详解[D]fracking contributes to over-extraction of American oil and natural gas37.The EPA urged the oil and gas companies to_____.[A]reinforce their facilities supervision[B]renew their production equipment[C]eliminate potential exploding dangers[D]enhance their storage methodspanies reluctantly cut methane leakage because_____.[A]they are juggling emission reduction with production growth.[B]the material rewards they get doesn’t offset their expenses.[C]they have no vested interest in complying with anti-leakage policies.[D]they don’t get the punishment they deserve for the pollution.39.It can be learned from the passage that the oil and natural gas industry_____.[A]is an emerging job creator.[B]isn’t bound by the existing rules.[C]is in a paradoxical situation.[D]take exception to the new rules.40.Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]The Limits of Obama’s New Rules on Pollution.[B]New Methane Rules Don’t Cover Existing Pollution.[C]Obama Takes Unprecedented Steps to Cut Methane Pollution.[D]New U.S.Climate Rules Target Methane Leaks.Part BDirections：In the following text，some sentences have been removed.For questions41-45，choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CAN help optimize the body’s defenses against infection.And in the age of novel coronavirus,to many people,that’s more important than ever.Taking the right approach to most effectively exercise in the name of immune health is key. 41______The regularity of your exercise routine may be the most important factor in ensuring the immune benefits of activity,says Jim Beitzel,clinical athletic trainer and clinical coordinator for the Northwestern Medicine Athletic Training&Sports Performance Clinic in Warrenville,Illinois.For most adults,60minutes of exercise five days per week is the immunity sweet spot,he says.However,if you’re new to working out,start small with perhaps10or20minutes of low-to moderate-intensity exercise per day,and increase your activity level over the course of weeks or months as you feel comfortable.As long as you stay consistent,every little bit will help.42______A2020paper in Exercise Immunology Reviews confirms that increasing exercise intensity does not suppress immunity or increase the risk of infection. High-intensity exercise,generally considered to be anything that increases your heart rate to more than85%of its max(220minus your age),can be part of any exercise routine that’s aimed at improving you immune health,Beitzel says.Options include running,cycling and rowing sprints as well as fast-paced plyometric strength training.43______Instead,illness following high-intensity exercise is typically related to inadequate recovery,according to the authors of the Exercise Immunology Reviews paper.As exercise intensity,frequency and duration increase,so does the amount of rest your body needs to recover from the stressors of exercise and grow back stronger,explains exercise physiologist Mike T.Nelson,based in Minneapolis.What’s more,non-exercise-related stressors—such as financial worries,sleepless nights and existing illness—occur in large doses,so increasing your recovery efforts is important to recovering from exercise and reducing the risk of overstressing your systems,including your immune one,Nelson says.44______It’s OK to enjoy one style of training more than the other,but for optimal immunity (and overall health),integrate both into your weekly routine,Beitzel says.Federal guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend engaging in75to150minutes of aerobic activity(the lower the intensity,the more time advised)per week and total-body strengthening activities at least two days per week. Examples of aerobic activity include jogging,swimming and cycling.Strength training can include bodyweight exercises(such as squats and pushups)as well as exercises such as rows and shoulder presses that use free weights,resistance bands or other equipment.45______Whether you’re exercising in your living room or in a park,you can benefit your immune system.But there may be additional benefits of breaking a sweat outdoors. Being outside increases the body’s levels of immune-system-supporting vitamin D, according to Parikh.Plus,taking your exercise outdoors may strengthen the immune system by activating the body’s parasympathetic"rest and digest"system,according to2015research published in Frontiers in Psychology.This system works in opposition with your sympathetic"fight or flight"system to reduce physiological stress levels and lower inflammation that can inhibit healthy immunity.A.Make sure to recover.B.Focus on consistency.C.Enjoy one style of training.D.Don’t be afraid of intensity.E.Get outside.F.Optimize the body’s defenses.G.Do both cardio and strength training.考研英语一模考试卷及详解Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）Before entering on the question of the relation of morality to our exiting social environment,it will be advisable to inquire what we mean by moral progress,and what evidence there is that any such progress has occurred in recent times,or even within the period of well-established history.(46)By morals we mean right conduct,not only in our immediate social relations, but also in our dealings with our fellow citizens and with the whole human race.It is based upon the possession of clear ideals as to what actions are right and what are wrong and the determination of our conduct by a constant reference to those ideals.(47)The beliefs was once prevalent,and is still held by many persons,that a knowledge of right and wrong is inherent or instinctive in everyone,and that the immoral person may be justly punished for such wrong doing as he commits.But that this cannot be wholly,if at all,true is shown by the fact that in different societies and at different periods the standard of right and wrong changes considerably.That which at one time and place is held to be right and proper is,at another time or place,considered to be not only wrong,but one of the greatest of crimes.We are obliged to conclude,therefore,that what is commonly termed morality is not wholly due to any inherent perception of what is right or wrong conduct,but that it is to some extent and often very largely a matter of convention,varying at different times and places in accordance with the degree and kind of social development which has been attained often under different conditions of existence.The actual morality of a community is largely a product of the environment, but it is local and temporary,not permanently affecting the character.(48)To bring together the evidence in support of this view,to distinguish between what is permanent and inherited and what is superficial and not inherited,and to trace out some of the consequences as regards what we term"morality"is the purpose of the present volume.Though much of what we term morality has no absolute sanction in human nature,yet it is to some extent,and perhaps very largely,based upon it.(49)It will be well, therefore,to consider briefly the nature and probable origin of what we term "character"—in individuals,in societies,and especially in those more ancient and more fundamental divisions of mankind which we term"races".Character may be defined as the integration of mental faculties and emotions which constitute personal or national individuality.It is very strongly inherited,yet it is probably subject to more inherent variation than is the form and structure of the body.(50)The combinations of its constituent elements are so numerous as, in common language,to be termed infinite;and this gives to each person a very distinct individuality,as manifested in speech,in emotional expression,and in action.SectionⅢWritingPart A51.Directions：Suppose you were invited by Professor William to work as an assistant in his new program,but you had a plan for writing a paper.Write an email to him to refuse his invitation,make an apology,and recommend your roommate to him.You should write about100words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Li Ming"instead.(10points)Part B52.Directions：Write an essay of160—200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)。
考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案
考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案一、Passage 1Home Grown VegetablesGrowing your own vegetables at home has become increasingly popular in recent years. People enjoy the satisfaction of planting seeds, nurturing plants, and eventually harvesting their own vegetables.There are several benefits to growing your own vegetables. Firstly, it is a cost-effective way to obtain fresh produce. Instead of buying vegetables from the grocery store, which can be expensive, you can save money by growing your own. Additionally, homegrown vegetables are usually tastier than store-bought ones, as they are picked at the peak of ripeness and consumed shortly after harvesting. Moreover, growing your own vegetables allows you to control the use of pesticides and fertilizers, ensuring that your produce is healthier and free from potentially harmful chemicals.Starting a vegetable garden is relatively easy, even for beginners. Choose a sunny spot in your backyard or balcony and prepare the soil by removing any weeds and loosening it with a garden fork. Decide which vegetables you would like to grow and purchase high-quality seeds or seedlings from a reputable nursery. Follow the instructions on the seed packets or consult gardening websites for information on optimal planting times, spacing, and care instructions for each vegetable.Once you have planted your seeds or seedlings, it is important to water them regularly and provide adequate sunlight. Monitor the growth of yourplants and protect them from pests by using organic pest control methods or installing nets and fences around your garden.In a few weeks or months, depending on the vegetable, you will be able to harvest your homegrown vegetables. Pick them when they are fully ripe and enjoy the delicious taste and nutritional benefits of your hard work.In conclusion, growing your own vegetables not only saves money and guarantees freshness, but also gives you a sense of accomplishment and connection to nature. Why rely on the grocery store when you can cultivate your own produce and enjoy the rewards of a thriving vegetable garden?二、Passage 2Jazz Music: A Cultural TreasureJazz music is a unique and vibrant art form that has captivated audiences around the world for over a century. Originating in the African American communities of New Orleans in the late 19th century, jazz quickly spread and evolved, becoming a symbol of creativity, freedom, and cultural expression.One of the defining characteristics of jazz is improvisation. Unlike classical music, which is typically composed and performed as written, jazz musicians often create music on the spot, responding to the energy and interaction of the band. This improvisational aspect gives jazz its distinctive sound and encourages musicians to showcase their individuality and virtuosity.Another hallmark of jazz is its ability to blend different musical styles and genres. Jazz has incorporated elements of blues, ragtime, swing, Latin,and even classical music, resulting in a rich and diverse repertoire. Jazz musicians have the freedom to experiment with harmony, rhythm, and instrumentation, pushing the boundaries of traditional musical conventions.Jazz also played a crucial role in the fight against racial segregation and inequality. During the era of racial discrimination in the United States, jazz clubs and festivals provided spaces where African American and white musicians could collaborate and perform together, breaking down social barriers and promoting racial harmony. The influence of jazz on popular music cannot be overstated, as it paved the way for the acceptance and appreciation of African American artists in mainstream culture.Despite its historical significance and cultural impact, jazz faces challenges in the modern music landscape. With the rise of electronic and computer-generated music, the popularity of jazz has declined in recent years. However, jazz enthusiasts and musicians continue to champion this art form, organizing festivals, concerts, and educational programs to preserve and promote jazz music for future generations.In conclusion, jazz music is a cultural treasure that embodies creativity, freedom, and the power of collaboration. Its improvisational nature, fusion of styles, and contribution to social progress make it a truly unique and influential genre. Let us celebrate and support jazz, ensuring its legacy as a vibrant and cherished part of our cultural heritage.。
考研英语试题及答案详解
考研英语试题及答案详解一、阅读理解（共20分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项陈述是正确的？A. 城市化进程中，环境问题日益严重。
B. 城市化进程中，人们生活质量得到显著提升。
C. 城市化进程中，人口密度没有显著变化。
D. 城市化进程中，经济发展速度放缓。
答案：A解析：文章中提到城市化进程中伴随而来的环境问题，如空气污染和水资源短缺，因此选项A正确。
选项B、C和D在文章中没有提及，故排除。
2. 作者对于城市化的看法是什么？A. 支持城市化，认为其是经济发展的必然结果。
B. 反对城市化，认为其导致了一系列社会问题。
C. 中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。
D. 未明确表达对城市化的看法。
答案：C解析：文章中作者提到城市化带来了经济增长和生活便利，同时也指出了其带来的环境和社会问题，因此作者持中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。
二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In recent years, the popularity of online courses has grown rapidly. The reason is that they offer flexibility and convenience that traditional classroom learning often cannot match. For example, students can access the courses at any time and from any place, which is particularly beneficial for those who have to balance their studies with work or family commitments.3. The word "flexibility" in the passage most probably means ______.A. the ability to change easilyB. the ability to bend easilyC. the ability to stretch easilyD. the ability to move easily答案：A解析：根据上下文，"flexibility"在这里指的是在线课程提供的时间上的灵活性，即学生可以根据自己的时间安排来学习，因此选项A"the ability to change easily"是最佳选项。
2023考研英语一阅读理解Text1部分试题及答案解析
2023考研英语一阅读理解Text1部分试题及答案解析2023考研英语一阅读理解Text1部分试题及答案解析：Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy, who sympathises with views of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These could emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. “They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education, “What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship.”Such debates reflects fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages–such as earth and space sciences in high schools–it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses. Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21. In Paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to ______.[A] forecast a policy shift in Texas schools[B] stress the consequences of climate change[C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting[D] draw the public’s attention to energy shortages22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?[A] She exaggerates the existing panic.[B] She denies the value of scientific work.[C] She shows no concern for pre-teens.[D] She expresses self-contradictory views.23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 indicates that ______.[A] climate education is insufficient at state public schools[B] policy makers have little drive for science education[C] Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks[D] environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US ______.[A] call for regular revision[B] require urgent application[C] have limited influence[D] cater to local needs25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools ______.[A] agree to major public demands[B] reflects teachers' personal bias[C] may misrepresent the energy sector[D] can be swayed by external forces答案解析：21.【答案】[C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting【解析】本题为细节题。
2024年考研英语一真题答案及解析：阅读理解一
2024年考研英语一真题答案及解析：阅读理解一业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
2024年考研英语一真题答案及解析:阅读理解一(回忆版)Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Nearly 2,000 years ago, as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland, they left behind a curious treasure: 10 tons of nails, nearly a million of the things. The nail hoard wasdiscovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails? The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron. The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith’s labour in a nail even more than the raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90% between the late 1700s and mid-1900s, as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper. According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the creditgoes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they haven’t changed much. Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars, but Roman nails are still clearly nails. It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695, but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of everyday objects: their price. I am an economist, after all. After writing two books about the history of inventions, one thing I’ve learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype, it’s the cheap technologies that change the world. The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost —and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper. Solar panels had a few niche uses until they became cheap;now they are transforming the global energy system.21. The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake ofA. saving them for future use.B. keeping them from rusting.C. letting them grow in value.D. hiding them from the locals.22. The example of early 17th century Virginians is used toA. highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.B. illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.C. contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.D. show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.23. What played the major role in lowing the price of nails after the late 1700s?A. Increased productivity.B. Wider use of new energies.C. Fiercer market competition.D. Reduced cost of raw materials.24. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nailsA. have undergone many technological improvements.B. have remained basically all the same since Roman times.C. are less studied than other everyday products.D. are one of the world’s most significant inventions.25. Which of the following best summaries the last two paragraphs?A. Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.B. Technological innovation is integral to economic success.C. Technology defines people’s understanding of the world.D. Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.。
2024年考研英语一真题阅读理解详细解析与答案
2024年考研英语一真题阅读理解详细解析与答案阅读理解一：Passage 1：题目：Why is the current global workforce in poor health?解析：本文讨论全球劳动力健康状况不佳的原因。
答案：C答案解析：根据文章第一段最后一句"There are a few main factors here, including poor living habits, sedentary work and workplace stress"可确定答案。
Passage 2：题目：According to the passage, what are the potential benefits of microwork for workers in developing countries?解析：本文探讨了在发展中国家进行微工作的潜在利益。
答案：A答案解析：根据文章第五段"The potential benefits for microworkers in developing countries are clear"以及下文的具体解释可确定答案。
Passage 3：题目：What is the author's opinion about the future prospect of manned space exploration?解析：作者对载人航天探索的未来前景持何看法？答案：D答案解析：根据文章第二段"The future of manned space exploration looks promising"可确定答案。
Passage 4：题目：What is the main topic of the passage?解析：文章的主题是什么？答案：B答案解析：根据文章第一段首句"The Arctic, the frozen polar region characterized by frigid temperatures"可确定答案。
考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 75% of GDP out of the economy with tax rises and spending cuts. The recently agreed budget deal will help cut the fiscal squeeze to 0. 5% of GDP this year. All these factors could boost America’s growth to around 3% in 2014, well above its trend rate. More spending by American firms and households will, in turn, buoy demand for goods and services from everywhere from China to Germany. America’s appetite for foreign wares is not what it once was, but its economy is so big that faster spending will push up exports around the globe. The resulting support for growth will, in turn, improve domestic confidence from Europe to Japan.1．The underlined word “seers”(Para 1, Line 3)most probably means______.A．stock marketsB．consumersC．forecastersD．expectations正确答案：C解析：该词所在句为：economic seers are raising their growth forecasts for 2014．(经济——提高了2014年的增长预测。
考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题及答案.doc
考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题及答案每一年参加考研的人很多，但不少人都在考研英语失了分，因此考前要注重学习，下面为大家带来了考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题及答案，欢送大家阅读，希望对大家有所帮助。
Valeta Young， 81， a retiree from Lodi， Calif.，suffers from congestive heart failure and requires almost constant monitoring. But she doesn't have to drive anywhere to get it. Twice a day she steps onto a special electronic scale， answers a few yes or no questions via push buttons on a small attached monitor and presses a button that sends the information to a nurse's station in San Antonio， Texas. “It's al most a direct link to my doctor，” says Young，who describes herself as puter illiterate but says she has no problems using the equipment.Young is not the only patient who is dealing with her doctor from a distance. Remote monitoring is a rapidly growing field in medical technology， with more than 25firms peting to measure remotely——and transmit by phone，Inter or through the airwaves——everything from patients' heart rates to how often they cough.Prompted both by the rise in health-care costs and the increasing puterization of health-care equipment， doctors are using remote monitoring to track a widening variety of chronic diseases. In March， St. Francis University in Pittsburgh， Pa.， partnered with a pany called BodyMediaon a study in which rural diabetes patients use wireless glucose meters and armband sensors to monitor their disease. And last fall， Yahoo began offering subscribers theability to chart their asthma conditions online， using a PDA-size respiratory monitor that measures lung functionsin real time and e-mails the data directly to doctors.Such home monitoring， says Dr. George Dailey， a physician at the Scripps Clinic in San Diego，“could someday replace less productive ways that patients track changes in their heart rate， blood sugar， lipid levels，kidney functions and even vision.”Dr. Timothy Moore， executive vice president of Alere Medical， which produces the smart scales that Young and more than 10，000 other patients are using， says that almost any vital sign could， in theory， be monitored from home. But， he warns， that might not always make good medical sense. He advises against performing electrocardiograms remotely， for example， and although he acknowledges that remote monitoring of blood-sugar levels and diabetic ulcers on the skin may have real value， he points out that there are no truly independent studies that establish the value of home testing for diabetes or asthma.Such studies are needed because the technology is still in its infancy and medical experts are divided about its value. But on one thing they all agree： you should neverrely on any remote testing system without clearing it with your doctor.注(1)：本文选自Time;8/9/xx， p101-101， 1/2p， 2c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象xx年真题text 1;1. How does Young monitor her health conditions?[A] By stepping on an electronic scale.[B] By answering a few yes or no questions.[C] By using remote monitoring service.[D] By establishing a direct link to her doctor.2. Which of the following is not used in remote monitoring?[A] car[B] telephone[C] Inter[D] the airwaves3. The word “prompted” (Line 1， Paragraph 3) most probably means .[A] made[B] reminded[C] aroused[D] driven4. Why is Dr. Timothy Moore against performing electrocardiograms remotely?[A] Because it is a less productive way of monitoring.[B] Because it doesn‘t make good medical sense.[C] Because it‘s value has not been proved by scientific study[D] Because it is not allowed by doctors5. Which of the following is true aording to the text?[A] Computer illiterate is advised not to use remote monitoring.[B] The development of remote monitoring market is rather sluggish.[C] Remote monitoring is mainly used to track chronic diseases.[D] Medical experts agree on the value of remote monitoring.。
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案（一）
Passage 1 In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue（烤⾁）restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu： French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept： quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc. Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise（特许经营）other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches（拱门）。
2024考研英语一模拟卷
2024考研英语一模拟卷2024年考研英语一模拟卷一、阅读理解 (40分)请阅读以下四篇文章，并回答文后的问题。
Passage 1Title: The Global Pandemic and its Impact on EducationDescription: Discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global education, focusing on the closure of schools and the shift to online learning.Questions:What impact did the COVID-19 pandemic have on education globally?Why did schools close during the pandemic?How did online learning become a popular option during the pandemic?What challenges did students face with online learning?How have schools adapted to the new normal of online learning?Passage 2Title: The Future of Solar EnergyDescription: Discusses the potential of solar energy as a sustainable energy source and its future development.Questions:What is solar energy and how does it work?Why is solar energy considered a sustainable energy source?What are the current challenges facing solar energy development?What are the potential benefits of solar energy in the future?How can solar energy be more widely adopted?Passage 3Title: The Rise of CryptocurrencyDescription: Explores the rise of cryptocurrency and its impact on the global economy. Questions:What is cryptocurrency and how does it work?Why did cryptocurrency become popular?What are the current uses of cryptocurrency?What impact has cryptocurrency had on the global economy?How can cryptocurrency be more widely adopted and used?Passage 4Title: The Future of Artificial IntelligenceDescription:Examines the potential of artificial intelligence and its impact on various industries and society.Questions:What is artificial intelligence and how does it work?Why is artificial intelligence important?What are the current applications of artificial intelligence?。
考研英语(一)阅读理解专题(带答案)
考研英语（一）阅读理解模拟考试全文翻译及解析Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. E ven Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。
” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise。
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考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析(一)
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise；and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned
behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha！experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and
organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to
[A] speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.
[B] identify a problem.
[C] bring together disparate facts.
[D] stipulate clear goals.
2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？。