最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(8)

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医学考研英语试题及答案

医学考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分，每题5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of sleep for health.B. The effects of sleep deprivation.C. The benefits of a regular sleep schedule.D. The relationship between sleep and memory.2. According to the author, what is the best way to improve sleep quality?A. Taking a nap during the day.B. Exercising regularly.C. Avoiding caffeine before bedtime.D. Using a white noise machine.3. What does the study mentioned in the passage suggest about the impact of sleep on memory?A. Sleep is essential for consolidating new memories.B. Lack of sleep can lead to memory loss.C. Sleep helps to improve creativity.D. Sleep has no effect on memory.4. What is the author's opinion on the use of sleeping pills?A. They are effective for short-term use.B. They should be used only as a last resort.C. They can cause addiction.D. They are not recommended at all.5. Which of the following is NOT a tip for improving sleep hygiene?A. Limiting screen time before bed.B. Drinking alcohol to help fall asleep.C. Creating a relaxing bedtime routine.D. Keeping a consistent sleep schedule.二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项填入空白处。

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（11）

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（11）考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（11）Depending on whom you ask，the experiment announced at a Texas medical conference last week was a potential breakthrough for infertile women，a tragic failure or a dangerous step closer to the nightmare scenario of human cloning.T here’s truth to all these points of view. Infertility was clearly the motivation when Chinese doctors used a new technique to help one of their countrywomen get pregnant. Unlike some infertile women，the 30-year-old patient produced eggs just fine，and those eggs could be fertilized by sperm. But they never developed properly，largely because of defects in parts of the egg outside the fertilized nucleus. So using a technique developed by Dr. James Grifo at New York University，Dr. Zhuang Guanglun of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou took the patient’s fertilized egg，scooped out the chromosome-bearing nuclear material and put it in a donated egg whose nucleus had been removed. In this more benign environment，development proceeded normally，and the woman became pregnant with triplets who carried a mix of her DNA and her husband’s——pretty much like any normal baby.What has some doctors and ethicists upset is that this so-called nuclear-transfer technique has also been used to produce clones，starting with Dolly the sheep. The only significant difference is that with cloning，the inserted nucleus comes from a single，usually adult，cell，and theresulting offspring is genetically identical to the parent. Doing that with humans is ethically repugnant to many. Besides，for reasons that aren’t yet well understood，cloned animalsoften abort spontaneously or are born with defects；Dolly died very young，though she had seemed healthy. And because the Chinese woman’s twins were born prematurely and died （the third triplet was removed early on to improve chances for the remaining two），critics have suggested that cloning and nuclear transfer are equally risky for humans.Not likely，says Grifo. “The obstetric outcome was a disaster，” he admits，“but the embr yos were chromosomally normal. We have no evidence that it had anything to do with the procedure.” Even so，concern over potential risks is why the Food and Drug Administration created a stringent approval process for such research in 2001——a process that Grifo found so onerous that he stopped working on the technique and gave it to the researchers in China，where it was subsequently banned （but only this month，long after Zhuang’s patient became pregnant）。

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(3)

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（3）The widely held assumption that people would volunteer for AIDS-tests in droves once treatment became available was wrong. 61）And the reason for that appears to be that the government has not managed to reduce the disgrace associated with AIDS，and thus with seeking out a test for it if you suspect you might be infected.To combat this，the whole basis of AIDS testing in Botswana has just been changed. The idea is to“downgrade” the process into something low-key，routine and stigma-free. 62）Until now，a potential test subject had to opt in，by asking for a test；having asked，he was given 40 minutes of counseling to make sure he really knew what he was doing before any test was carried out. The new policy is to test people routinely when they visit the doctor. That way，having a test cannot be seen as an indication that an individual believes he may be infected. The test is not compulsory，but objectors must actively opt out. Silence is assumed to be consent，and no counseling is offered—just as would be the case for any other infectious disease.This policy shift is probably just the first of many that will take place in Botswana，South Africa and other African countries that are planning the mass provision of anti-AIDS drugs in public hospitals. Dwain Ndwapi，a doctor at Botswana‘s largest AIDS clinic，thinks that there are circumstances in which testing should be compulsory. 63）Inparticular，he believes that the currently high rate of transmission from mothers to new-born children could be reduced to zero if expectant mothers were always tested—and if those who proved positive were treated with an appropriate drugs before they gave birth.Another controversial change in the air is to reduce the frequency of two costly tests of patients‘blood. Viral-load tests and CD4-cell counts both measure how acute an individual’s infection has become. That helps a patient‘s doctor to decide when to prescribe anti-retroviral. 64）But laboratory capacity in Africa is inadequate for regular testing of the millions of people that need such drugs—at least if the tests are carried out as frequently as they would be in a rich country. Less frequent testing of each individual would allow more individuals to be given at least some tests.But that must be balanced against the need to treat more people faster. Doctors in Botswana are staggered at how desperately sick many patients are when they first arrive. They had expected people to walk into clinics for AIDS tests. Instead，many come in on stretchers on the verge of death. 65）Treating the very ill takes much more time and money than giving anti-AIDS pills to relatively healthy people，and it means that these people may have been unconsciously infecting others for longer. If routine tests persuade more patients to get help before they slump on a stretcher，all the better.1. Why few people would volunteer for AIDS-test if treatment is readily prepared？[A] Because people do not know whether they need the treatment.[B] Because people could not afford to pay the expensive drugs.[C] Because people are afraid to find out that they are infected.[D] Because people cannot bear the shame the tests bring.2. According to the text，how to “downgrade” the test process？[A] By forcing those potential AIDS patient to take the test.[B] by going down to the patients‘homes to take the test.[C] by testing patients as a regular thing in their hospital visits.[D] by asking them whether they would like to have a test.3. it can be inferred from the text that[A] the new policy will be able to include every patient who visits the doctor.[B] more policy like the new one will be carried out in a lot of African countries.[C] the old policy is better than the new one in that it provides patients with counseling.[D] the silence of the patient indicates his consent to any treatment that is available.4. the purpose of reducing the frequency of two expensive blood tests is to[A] help the patients save some money for treatments.[B] enable more people to take tests of some kind.[C] make sure that patients can receive in-time treatment.[D] prevent patients from possible further infection.5. persuading patients to get treatment early will have the following advatages except[A] saving anti-AIDS pills to relatively healthy people.[B] cutting down the costs in the treatment.[C] avoiding transmitting the virus to more people.[D] shortening doctors‘treatment time.词汇注释in droves 成群结队stigma 耻辱downgrade 降级low-key 低调的expectant mother 孕妇anti-retroviral 抗病毒staggered 吃惊的inadvertently 无意中地slump 躺难句讲解1. And the reason for that appears to be that the government has notmanaged to reduce the disgrace associated with AIDS，and thus with seeking out a test for it if you suspect you might be infected.[简析] 本句话的主干是“the reason for that appears to be that…”。

考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案解析（八）2

.（D）意为：除海洛因或可卡因外，许多其他物质也是有害的。

第⼀段最后⼀句指出，许多医⽣（physician）和⼼理学家常使⽤物质滥⽤⽽不是药物滥⽤这⼀概念，他们想以此说明：滥⽤像烟酒这样的物质与滥⽤海洛因和可卡因⼀样有害。

A 意为：如果⾮法使⽤，物质可能改变我们⾝体或⼤脑的功能。

第⼀段第⼀句对药物这⼀概念下了⼀个定义：从专业⾓度来讲，除⾷品以外，任何改变我们的⾝体或⼤脑功能的物质都是药物。

但是，正如第⼆句所指出的，许多⼈错误地认为药物这⼀概念仅指某种医药或嗜毒者⽤的⾮法化学药品。

B 意为：药物滥⽤仅限指⼀少部分⼈的吸毒⾏为。

C 意为：烟酒同海洛因和可卡因⼀样致命。

这⾥，fatal（致命的）⼀词太夸张了，与原⽂中所说的有害（harmfully）相去甚远。

2.（A）该词意为：普通的，⼴泛的。

事实上，由第⼆段第⼀句的冒号后部分所表达的内容，我们可以推断出该词的意思。

该句可译为：在我们⽣活的社会⾥，医⽤或社交⽤物质（药物）⼴泛存在，如：⽤阿斯匹林制⽌头痛，⽤酒交际，早晨⽤咖啡振作⼀下精神，抽⽀烟定定神（或：松弛⼀下）。

B 意为：压倒⼀切的，占主流的。

C 意为：尖锐的，尖的。

D 意为：时髦的，流⾏的。

3.（A）意为：长时间⽆节制地嗜⽤它们。

根据第⼆段第四、五句，频繁使⽤（repeated use）某种物质（药物）会使⾝体对之上瘾或形成依赖。

依赖起先表现为耐药量（tolerance）的增加：要达到满⾜，需要的剂量越来越多；停⽌服⽤后，⼀些不舒服的反应就会出现。

可见，⽤药量和⽤药时间是造成药物依赖的两个重要因素。

B 意为：仅将它们⽤于社交⽬的。

⽂章第⼆段第⼀句确实提到了像酒这样的物质可以⽤于社交⽬的，但这不等于说只有⽤于社交⽬的的物质才可以使⼈上瘾。

C 意为：将它们⼤量地⽤来治病。

量⼤仅是可能产⽣药物依赖的原因之⼀，⽽频繁使⽤也是形成药物依赖的重要条件。

D 意为：粗⼼使⽤它们⽽产⽣不良症状。

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(12)

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（12）A widely heralded but still experimental cancer-fighting compound may be used someday to prevent two other major killers of Americans：heart disease and stroke. That was the implication of a remarkable report published last week in the journal Circulation by a team of researchers from Dr. Judah Folkman’s laboratory at the Children’s Hospital in Boston.The versatile compound is endostatin，a human protein that inhibits angiogenesis，the growth of new blood vessels in the body. In tests reported in 1997 by Folkman， a prominent cancer researcher who pioneered the study of angiogenesis，the drug had reduced and even eradicated tumors in laboratory mice. How？By stunting the growth of capillaries necessary for nourishing the burgeoning mouse tumors.When news of Folkman’s achievement became widely known last year，it led to wildly exaggerated predictions of imminent cancer cures. When other scientists were initially unable to duplicate those results，questions arose about the validit y of Folkman’s research. Then in February scientists at the National Cancer Institute，with guidance from Folkman，finally matched his results. Reassured，the N.C.I. gave the go-ahead for clinical trials of endostatin later this year on patients with advanced tumors.How can a drug that is apparently effective against tumors also reducethe risk of heart attack and stroke？The answer lies in the composition of plaque，the fatty deposit that builds up in arteries and can eventually clog them. Plaque consists of a mix of cholesterol，white blood cells and smooth muscle cells，and as it accumulates，a network of capillaries sprouts from the artery walls to nourish the cells. Could endostatin halt the growth of capillaries and starve the plaque？A Folkman lab team led by Dr. Karen Moulton decided to find out. The scientists put baby lab mice on a 16-week “Western diet” that was high in fat and cholesterol，then measured the plaque buildup on the walls of each aorta，the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Meanwhile，they injected one group of mice with endostatin，another with a different blood-vessel inhibitor called TNP-470 and a control group with an inert saline solution. Twenty weeks later the researchers again measured plaque in the mouse aortas. The results were startling：the endostatin group averaged 85% less plaque buildup and the TNP-470 group 70% less than those in the control group.All too aware of the premature hopes raised last year after Folkman’s tumor report，the researchers have been careful not to oversell the new results. “If this finding is supported in future studies，” says Moulton，“[it could open the way for] treatments that could delay the progression of heart disease and possibly reduce the incidence of heart attacks and strokes.” But any such treatments，she stresses，are probably five to 10years away.注（1）：本文选自Time；04/19/99，p48；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1；1. What did the report indicate？[A]A very important drug is now at experimental stage.[B]Heart disease and stroke are the most serious threats to Americans.[C]The tumor drug can be used for the heart disease in the future.[D]Many Americans suffer from heart disease and stroke.2. Why did the N.C.I. agree to have clinical trials of endostatin on the patients？[A]They were convinced of the Folkman’s research.[B]They can do such a research as well as Folkman.[C]The patients with advanced tumors need the drug.[D]The drug should be proved effective on humans.3. The expression “stunting the growth of capillaries”（Line 8，Paragraph 2）most probablymeans _______.[A]help the growth of capillaries[B]limit the growth of capillaries[C]improve the growth of capillaries[D]prevent the growth of capillaries4. Why can the tumor drug be used for the heart？[A]It can accumulate a network of capillaries and nourish the cells.[B]It can stop the growth of capillaries and provide no nourishment for plaque.[C]The curing method of tumor and heart disease is the same.[D]The tumor and heart disease are made up of the same substance.5. Which of the following is true according to the text？[A]Folkman’s tumor report had be en exaggerated.[B]The tumor drug is not as effective as what has been expected.[C]The new results of the research are far more encouraging.[D]Researchers still have a long way to go to make another successful experiment.答案：CADBC。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：8

2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题3.问题1选项A.It is fast.B.It is slow.C.It works well.D.It is not working.【答案】B【解析】W: Can that clock be right, 10:30?M: That clock is always off. It’s 11:05.Q: What is true about the clock?【解析】细节题。

从对话两个时间点可知，这个钟慢了。

2.单选题3.问题1选项A.He has no complains about doctor.B.He won’t complain anything.C.He is in good condition.D.He couldn’t be worse.【答案】C【解析】W: How have you been feeling in general?M: Nothing to complain, really.Q: What does the man mean?【解析】男士说：Nothing to complain（没什么好抱怨的），意思是情况还不错。

3.单选题Virtually, every cell in the body contains its own circadian clock machinery.问题1选项A.PracticallyB.NaturallyC.SuperficiallyD.Thoroughly【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. practically 实际上地B. naturally 自然而然地C. superficially 表面上地D. thoroughly 彻底地；完全地【答案】A【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意：实际上，身体里的每个细胞都包含自己的生物钟机制。

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(9)

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（9）William Shakespeare described old age as “second childishness”——sans teeth，sans eyes，sans taste. In the case of taste he may，musically speaking，have been even more perceptive than he realized. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimer’s Disease in Brescia，Italy，shows that one form of senile dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression，if not to infancy，then at least to a patient’s teens.Frontotemporal dementia is caused，as its name suggests，by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech，and with such “higher” functions as abstract thinking and judgment. Frontotemporal damage therefore produces different symptoms from the loss of memory associated with Alzheimer’s disease，a more familiar dementia that affects the hippocampus and amygdala in the middle of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia is also rarer than Alzheimer’s. In the past fi ve years the centre in Brescia has treated some 1，500 Alzheimer’s patients；it has seen only 46 with frontotemporal dementia.Two of those patients interested Dr Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer，the other a 73-year-old housewife. Both had undamaged memories，but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia-a diagnosis that was confirmed by brainscanning. About two years after he was first diagnosed the lawyer，once a classical music lover whoreferred to pop music as “mere noise”，started listening to the Italian pop band “883”。

考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：医学类(26套)

考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：医学类(26套)Valeta Young， 81， a retiree from Lodi， Calif.， suffers from congestive heart failure and requires almost constant monitoring. But she doesn't have to drive anywhere to get it. Twice a day she steps onto a special electronic scale， answers a few yes or no questions via push buttons on a small attached monitor and presses a button that sends the information to a nurse's station in San Antonio， Texas. “It's almost a direct link to my doctor，” says Young， who describes herself as computer illiterate but says she has no problems using the equipment.Young is not the only patient who is dealing with her doctor from a distance. Remote monitoring is a rapidly growing field in medical technology， with more than 25 firms competing to measure remotely——and transmit by phone， Internet or through the airwaves——everything from patients' heart rates to how often they cough.Prompted both by the rise in health-care costs and the increasing computerization of health-care equipment， doctors are using remote monitoring to track a widening variety of chronic diseases. In March， St. Francis University in Pittsburgh， Pa.， partnered with a company called BodyMedia on a study in which rural diabetes patients use wireless glucose meters and armband sensors to monitor their disease. And last fall， Yahoo began offering subscribers the ability to chart their asthma conditions online， using a PDA-size respiratory monitor that measures lung functions in real time and e-mails the data directly to doctors.Such home monitoring， says Dr. George Dailey， a physician at the Scripps Clinic in San Diego，“could someday replace less productive ways that patients track changes in their heart rate， blood sugar， lipid levels， kidney functions and even vision.”Dr. Timothy Moore， executive vice president of Alere Medical， which produces the smart scales that Young and more than 10，000 other patients are using， says that almost any vital sign could， in theory， be monitored from home. But， he warns，that might not always make good medical sense. He advises against performing electrocardiograms remotely， for example， and although he acknowledges that remote monitoring of blood-sugar levels and diabetic ulcers on the skin may have real value，he points out that there are no truly independent studies that establish the value of home testing for diabetes or asthma.Such studies are needed because the technology is still in its infancy and medical experts are divided about its value. But on one thing they all agree： you should never rely on any remote testing system without clearing it with your doctor.注(1)：本文选自Time;8/9/2004， p101-101， 1/2p， 2c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 1;1. How does Young monitor her health conditions?[A] By stepping on an electronic scale.[B] By answering a few yes or no questions.[C] By using remote monitoring service.[D] By establishing a direct link to her doctor.2. Which of the following is not used in remote monitoring?[A] car[B] telephone[C] Internet[D] the airwaves3. The word “prompted” (Line 1， Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] made[B] reminded[C] aroused[D] driven4. Why is Dr. Timothy Moore against performing electrocardiograms remotely?[A] Because it is a less productive way of monitoring.[B] Because it doesn‘t make good medical sense.[C] Because it‘s value has not been proved by scientific study[D] Because it is not allowed by doctors5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Computer illiterate is advised not to use remote monitoring.[B] The development of remote monitoring market is rather sluggish.[C] Remote monitoring is mainly used to track chronic diseases.[D] Medical experts agree on the value of remote monitoring.答案：CADBCDr. Wise Young has never met the hundreds of thousands of people he has helped in the past 10 years， and most of them have never heard of Wise Young. If they did meet him， however， they'd want to shake his hand——and the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could. All the people Young has helped were victims of spinal injuries， and they owe much of the mobility they have today to his landmark work.Young， 51， head of the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University in New Brunswick， N.J.， was born on New Year's Day at the precise midpoint of the 20th century. Back then， the thinking about spinal-cord injury was straightforward： When a cord is damaged， it's damaged. There's nothing that can be done after an injury to restore the function that was so suddenly lost. As a medical student at Stanford University and a neurosurgeon at New York University Medical Center， Young never had much reason to question that received wisdom， but in 1980 he began to have his doubts. Spinal cords， he knew， experience progressive damage after they're injured， including swelling and inflammation， which may worsen the condition of the already damaged tissue. If that secondary insult could be relieved with drugs， might some function be preserved?Young spent a decade looking into the question， and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury， about 20% of function can be saved. Twenty percent is hardly everything， but it can often be the difference between breathing unassisted or relying on a respirator， walking or spending one's life in a wheelchair. “This discovery led to a revolution in neuroprotective therapy，”Young says.A global revolution， actually. More than 50，000 people around the world suffer spinal injuries each year， and these days， methylprednisolone is the standard treatment in the U.S. and many other countries. But Young is still not satisfied. The drug is an elixir for people who are newly injured， but the relief it offers is only partial， and many spinal-injury victims were hurt before it became available. Young's dream is to help those people too——to restore function already lost——and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones. To ensure that all the neural researchers around the world pull together， he has created the International Neurotrauma Society， founded the Journal of Neural Trauma and established a website () that receives thousands of hits each day.“The cure for spinal injury is going to be a combination of therapies，” Young says. “It's the most collaborative field I know.” Perhaps. But increasingly it seems that if the collaborators had a field general， his name would be Wise Young.注(1)：本文选自Time;8/20/2001， p54;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 3;1. By “the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could”(Line three， Paragraph 1)， the author means_______________.[A] The remarkable thing is actually the simple fact.[B] Many people could do the remarkable things.[C] When meeting him， many people could do the simple but remarkable thing.[D] The remarkable thing lies in the simple fact that so many people could shake hands with him.2. How did people think of the spinal-cord injury at the middle of 20th century?[A] pessimistic[B] optimistic[C] confused[D] carefree3. By saying “Twenty percent is hardly everything”(Line 3， Paragraph 3)，the author is talking about_____________.[A] the drug[B] the function of the injured body[C] the function of the drug[D] the injury4. Why was Young unsatisfied with his achievement?[A] The drug cannot help the people who had spinal injury in the past.[B] His treatment is standard.[C] The drug only offers help to a small number of people.[D] The drug only treats some parts of the injury.5. To which of the following statements is the author likely to agree?[A] Wise Young does not meet many people.[B] When Young was young， he did not have much reason to ask questions.[C] If there needs a head of the spinal-injured field， Young might be the right person.[D] Young‘s dream is only to help the persons who were injured at early times.答案：D A B A CScientists have known for more than two decades that cancer is a disease of the genes. Something scrambles the Dna inside a nucleus， and suddenly， instead of dividing in a measured fashion， a cell begins to copy itself furiously. Unlike an ordinary cell， it never stops. But describing the process isn't the same as figuring it out. Cancer cells are so radically different from normal ones that it's almost impossible to untangle the sequence of events that made them that way. So for years researchers have been attacking the problem by taking normal cells and trying to determine what changes will turn them cancerous——always without success.Until now. According to a report in the current issue of Nature， a team of scientists based at M.I.T.'s Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research has finally managed to make human cells malignant——a feat they accomplished with two different cell types by inserting just three altered genes into their DNA. While these manipulations were done only in lab dishes and won't lead to any immediate treatment，they appear to be a crucial step in understanding the disease. This is a “landmark paper，” wrote Jonathan Weitzman and Moshe Yaniv of the Pasteur Institute in Paris，in an accompanying commentary.The dramatic new result traces back to a breakthrough in 1983， when the Whitehead's Robert Weinberg and colleagues showed that mouse cells would become cancerous when spiked with two altered genes. But when they tried such alterations on human cells， they didn't work. Since then， scientists have learned that mouse cells differ from human cells in an important respect： they have higher levels of an enzyme called telomerase. That enzyme keeps caplike structures called telomeres on the ends of chromosomes from getting shorter with each round of cell division. Such shortening is part of a cell's aging process， and since cancer cells keep dividing forever， the Whitehead group reasoned that making human cells more mouselike might also make them cancerous.The strategy worked. The scientists took connective-tissue and kidney cells and introduced three mutated genes——one that makes cells divide rapidly; another thatdisables two substances meant to rein in excessive division; and a third that promotes the production of telomerase， which made the cells essentially immortal. They'd created a tumor in a test tube. “Some people believed that telomerase wasn't that important，” says the Whitehead's William Hahn， the study's lead author. “This allows us to say with some certainty that it is.”Understanding cancer cells in the lab isn't the same as understanding how it behaves in a living body， of course. But by teasing out the key differences between normal and malignant cells， doctors may someday be able to design tests to pick up cancer in its earliest stages. The finding could also lead to drugs tailored to attack specific types of cancer， thereby lessening our dependence ontissue-destroying chemotherapy and radiation. Beyond that， the Whitehead research suggests that this stubbornly complex disease may have a simple origin， and the identification of that origin may turn out to be the most important step of all.注(1)：本文选自Time; 08/09/99， p60， 3/5p， 2c注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2002年真题text 41. From the first paragraph， we learn that ________________.[A] scientists had understood what happened to normal cells that made them behave strangely[B] when a cell begins to copy itself without stopping， it becomes cancerous[C] normal cells do no copy themselves[D] the DNA inside a nucleus divides regularly2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?[A] The scientists traced the source of cancers by figuring out their DNA order.[B] A treatment to cancers will be available within a year or two.[C] The finding paves way for tackling cancer.[D] The scientists successfully turned cancerous cells into healthy cells.3. According to the author， one of the problems in previous cancer research is ________.[A] enzyme kept telomeres from getting shorter[B] scientists didn‘t know there existed different levels of telomerase between mouse cells and human cells[C] scientists failed to understand the connection between a cell‘s aging process and cell division.[D] human cells are mouselike4. Which of the following best defines the word “tailored” (Line 4， Paragraph5)?[A] made specifically[B] used mainly[C] targeted[D] aimed5. The Whitehead research will probably result in ___________.[A] a thorough understanding of the disease[B] beating out cancers[C] solving the cancer mystery[D] drugs that leave patients less painful答案：B C B A DWhen Ellen M. Roche， 24， volunteered for the asthma experiment， she didn't expect to benefit from it——except for the $365 she'd be paid. Unlike clinical trials，in which most patients hope that an experimental therapy will help them， this study was designed just to answer a basic question： how does the way a normal lung reacts to irritants shed light on how an asthmatic lung responds? To find out， scientists led by Dr. Alkis Togias of Johns Hopkins University had Roche and other healthy volunteers inhale a drug called hexamethonium. Almost immediately Roche began to cough and feel short of breath. Within weeks her lungs failed and her kidneys shut down. On June 2 Roche died——a death made more tragic by the possibility that it was preventable. Last week the federal Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) ruled that Hopkins's system for protecting human subjects is so flawed that virtually all its U.S.-supported research had to stop.The worst part is that Hopkins， one of the nation's premier medical institutions， is not alone. Two years ago the inspector general of the Department of Health and Human Services warned that the system safeguarding human subjects is in danger of a meltdown. The boards that review proposed studies are overburdened，understaffed and shot through with conflicts of interest. Oversight is so porous that no one knows how many people volunteer to be human guinea pigs (21 million a year is an educated guess)， how many are hurt or how many die. “Thousands of deaths are never reported， and adverse events in the tens of thousands are not reported，”says Adil Shamoo， a member of the National Human Research Protections Advisory Committee and professor at the University of Maryland. Greg Koski， head of OHRP，has called the clinical-trials system “dysfunctional.”The OHRP findings on Hopkins are nothing short of devastating. After a three-day inspection last week， OHRP concluded that the Hopkins scientists failed to get information on the link between hexamethonium and lung toxicity， even though data were available via “routine” Internet searches and in textbooks. The drug is not approved for use in humans; the hexa-methonium Togias used was labeled [F]OR LABORATORY USE ONLY. The review board， OHRP charges， never asked for data on the safety of inhaled hexamethonium in people. The consent form that Roche signed states nowhere that hexamethonium is not approved by the FDA (the form describes it as a “medication”) and didn't warn about possible lung toxicity.Hopkins itself concluded that the review board did not do all it could to protect the volunteers， and suspended all 10 of Togias's studies. Still， the university ——whose $301 million in federal grants for 2，000 human studies made it the largest recipient of government research money last year——is seething. “Hopkins has hadover 100 years of doing clinical trials，” says Dr. Edward Miller， CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine. “We have had one death in all of those years. We would have done anything in the world to prevent that death， but [suspending the studies] seems out of proportion.” Hopkins calls the shutdown of its experiments “unwarranted，unnecessary， paralyzing and precipitous.” OHRP is letting trials continue “where it is in the best interests” of subjects. The rest of the studies can resume once Hopkins submits a plan to restructure its system for protecting research subjects. How quickly that happens， says a government spokesman， depends on Hopkins.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek; 7/30/2001， p36;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2005年真题Text 1;1. In the opening paragraph， the author introduces his topic by[A]explaining a phenomenon[B]justifying an assumption[C]stating an incident[D]making a comparison2. The statement “The OHRP findings on Hopkins are nothing short of devastating.”(Line1， Paragraph 3) implies that[A]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too impressive.[B]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too shocking.[C]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too convincing.[D]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too striking.3. The main reasons for Roche‘s death are as following， except that _______.[A]the protecting system hasn‘t been set up[B]the review board has neglected their duty[C]the research team was not responsible enough for its volunteers[D]the possibility of lung toxicity was overlooked4. The OHRP has found that[A]Hopkins has loose control over the experiment.[B]the volunteers knew nothing about the experiment.[C]there is something wrong with every aspect of the experiment.[D]there exist many hidden troubles in human subjects safeguarding system.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]Hopkins had no fault in this accident.[B]Hopkins seemed not to quite agree with The OHRP[C]Togias's studies shouldn‘t be suspended.[D]Hopkins wanted to begin their experiments as soon as possible.答案：CBACBYou hop into your car， but， wait， where are the keys? You meet someone new， but her name is gone before the handshake's over. Those are failures of your short-term，or “working，” memory——the place you file information for immediate， everyday retrieval. It isn't perfect. But researchers are increasingly convinced that the hormone estrogen could play a key role in maintaining and perhaps even improving memory. Last week a team of Yale scientists provided dramatic new evidence that bolsters the theory. Using MRIs——detailed snapshots of the brain——researchers found that women taking estrogen show significantly more activity in brain areas associated with memory than women on a placebo. “This is very exciting，” says Yale's Dr. Sally Shaywitz. “It means that the brain circuitry for memory had altered.”After menopause， when estrogen levels plummet， some women become forgetful. Past research has demonstrated that those who take estrogen do better on memory tests than their nonmedicated peers do. The hormone may even reduce the risk of Alzheimer's. The new study， published in last week's Journal of the American Medical Association，is the first to visually compare the neurocircuitry of memory both on and off estrogen. The drug made a big difference to participant Bernadette Settelmeyer：“All of a sudden I was remembering things.”The women (whose average age was 51) lay down in a brain-imaging machine where they were shown two types of information： nonsense words (“BAZ” or “DOB”) to test verbal memory and geometric patterns to assess visual memory. After a 20-second “storage” period， participants saw a mix of old and new and were asked if anything looked familiar. During each stage of the test——as the women encoded， stored and retrieved data——researchers took pictures of their brains. The 46 women underwent the test twice——once while taking a standard daily dose of estrogen and again while taking a placebo. Beyond the power of estrogen， the difference in MRIs suggests that the adult brain maintains “plasticity”——the ability to rewire itself——even as it ages.There is still plenty of research to be done. Scientists can't yet be sure estrogen is directly responsible for better memory performance. Despite the difference in brain activity on and off estrogen， participants' scores did not change. Researchers say that is probably because the tasks were so simple (the women got more than 90 percent correct overall)。

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(1)

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（1）One of the many theories about alcoholism is the learning and reinforcement theory，which explains alcoholism by considering alcohol drinking as a reflex response to some stimulus and as a way to reduce an inner drive state such as fear or anxiety. Characterizing life situations in terms of approach and family discord，loss of job，and illness is explained by the proximity of the drive of reduction to the consumption of alcohol；that is，alcohol has the immediate effect of reducing tension while the unpleasant consequences of drunken behavior came only later. The learning pattern，therefore，favors the condition may trigger renewed drinking.Some experimental evidence tends to show that alcohol reduces fear in an approach-avoidance situation. Conger trained one group of rats to approach a food goal and trained another group to avoid electric shock. After an injection of alcohol the pull away from the shock was measurably weaker，while the pull toward food was unchanged.The obvious troubles experienced by alcoholic persons appear to contradict the learning theory in the planation of alcoholism. The discomfort，pain，and punishment they experience should presumably discourage the alcoholics from drinking. The fact that lcoholic persons continue to drink in the face of establishment and repetition of the resort to alcohol.In fact，the anxieties and feelings of guilt caused by the consequences of excessive alcohol drinking may become the signal for another time of alcohol abuse. The way in which the desire for another drink could be caused by anxiety is explained by the process of stimulus generalization：conditions or events occurring at the time of reinforcement tend to acquire all the features of stimuli. When alcohol is consumed in association with a state of anxiety or fear，the emotional state itself takes on the properties of a stimulus，thus triggering another time of drinking.The role of punishment is becoming increasingly important in explaining a cause of alcoholism based on the principles of learning theory. While punishment may serve to suppress a response，experiments have shown that in some cases it can serve as a reward and reinforce the behavior. Thus if the alcoholic person has learned to drink under conditions of both reward and punishment，either type of condition may trigger renewed drinking.1. The main purpose of the text is toA. introduce some existing theories about alcoholism.B. show the most effective new treatment of alcoholism.C. explain the application of a approach to alcoholism.D. help alcoholics and others know the cause of alcoholism.2. The description of Conger‘s experiment with two groups of ratswas intended toA. show that alcohol drinking does not affect appetite.B. confirm the findings of other academic researchers.C. show people that alcohol can minimize fear.D. disprove the learning and reinforcement theory.3. We can learn from paragraph 3 thatA. the learning theory sometimes contradicts itself in some fields.B. drinking alcohol can solve the problem of family discord.C. tension reduction usually appear first after drinking alcohol.D. alcoholics can‘t recall the unhappy consequence of alcoholism.4. The author provides enough information to answer the question ofA. why alcoholics continue to drink despite the unhappy consequences.B. how Conger explained the behavior of alcoholics by shock therapy.C. under what circumstances an alcoholic benefits from anxiety attacks.D. which treatment is the best one of alcoholism in the world now.5. It can be inferred from the text thatA. the behavior of alcoholics contradicts the approach-avoidance theory.B. the behavior of most alcoholics often proves the learning theory.C. punishment may become the stimulus for another time of drinking.D.frequent excessive drinking makes alcoholics indifferent to punishment.答案与解析1. B 主旨题。

西医考研英语试题及答案

西医考研英语试题及答案1. 阅读以下段落，选择最恰当的单词填空。

In the field of medicine, the term "diagnosis" refers to the process of identifying a disease or condition through the analysis of symptoms and medical history. The doctor will often use various diagnostic tools to assist in this process.A. identificationB. determinationC. differentiationD. detection答案：A2. 翻译以下句子。

原句：The patient's condition has stabilized after the surgery.翻译：手术后，病人的状况已经稳定。

3. 阅读以下医学文献摘要，并回答问题。

"Recent studies have shown that the use of statins can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease in patients with high cholesterol levels."问题：根据摘要，哪种药物可以显著降低高胆固醇患者心脏病的风险？答案：statins4. 以下哪个词组与“cardiology”（心脏病学）相关？A. 神经学B. 心脏病学C. 肿瘤学D. 内分泌学答案：B5. 阅读以下句子，选择正确的时态填空。

The doctor _______ (examine) the patient thoroughly before prescribing any medication.答案：will examine6. 完成以下句子。

考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析（八）

Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one‘s state of consciousness. 59. Substances abuse (line 5, paragraph 1) is preferable to drug abuse in that ________. (A) substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used (B) drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drugtakers (C) alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine (D) many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous 60. The word pervasive (line 1, paragraph 2) might mean ________. (A) widespread (B) overwhelming (C) piercing (D) fashionable 61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________. (A) uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time (B) exclusive use of them for social purposes (C) quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases (D) careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms 62. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________. (A) stimulants function positively on the mind (B) hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health (C) depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances (D) the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups 答案及试题解析 59.（D）意为：除海洛因或可卡因外，许多其他物质也是有害的。

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(10)

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（10）I had two routine checkups last week，and both the eye doctor and the dentist asked me to update my health history for their records. Their requests made sense. Health-care providers should know what problems their patients have had and what medications they’re taking to be on the lookout for potential trouble or complications.On each history，however，the section labeled FAMILY HEALTH HISTORY gave me pause. Few diseases are purely genetic，but plenty have genetic components. If my father suffered from elevated LDL，or bad cholesterol，my doctor should know that，because I’m probably at higher risk. If my mother had breast cancer，my sister （if I had one）would want her physician to be especially vigilant.While I know somethin g about the history of my parents’ health-my father had prostate cancer at a relatively young age and suffered from macular degeneration and Parkinson’s disease，and my mother died of lung cancer-there’s plenty I don’t know. What were my parents’ cholesterol numbers and blood pressures？I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes，but I can’t swear to that. And when it comes to my grandparents，whose genes I also have，I’m even more in the dark.That makes me fairly typical. According to Dr. Richard Carmona，the U.S. Surgeon General，only about a third of Americans have eventried to put together a family-health history. That’s why he has launched the Family History Initiative and declared Thanksgiving National Family History Day. Sitting around the turkey talking about cancer and heart disease may seem like a grim thing to do when you’re supposed to be giving thanks for everything that’s going right. But since many families will be gathering for the holiday anyway，it’s a perfect time t o create a medical family tree.And the Surgeon General is making it easy：if you go to /familyhistory，you can use the Frequently Asked Questions link to find out which diseases tend to run in families，which ones you should be most and least worried about，and what to do if，like me，your parents and grandparents have passed away. You can also download a free piece of software called My Family Health Portrait，which helps you organize the information. The program prints that out in a easy-to-read form you can give to your doctors.The website insists the software is “fun”，but that may be going a bit far. In any case，it’s available only for Windows machines，so Mac users and people without computers have to use a printed version of the tree. It’s worth it，though，since it could help save your life or the life of your children someday.注（1）：本文选自Time；11/22/2004，p100；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象为2005年真题Text 1；1. In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] explaining a phenomenon.[D] making a comparison.2. The statement “I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes，but I can’t swear to that.” （Line 4，Paragraph 3）implies that[A] only one of them suffered from diabetes.[B] neither of them suffered from diabetes.[C] both of them suffered from diabetes.[D] it’s uncertain whether they suffered from diabetes or not.3. Family health report is very important because[A] you can be careful about some disease and keep fit.[B] you are connected with your parents and your grandparents.[C] many diseases are genetic and should be noticed.[D] you should be considerate and care about your parents.4. Dr. Richard Carmona suggests that[A] you should present your doctor with a medical history.[B] you should print out your family’s medical history.[C] you should gather your f amily’s medical history.[D] you should give thanks for everything that is going right.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph？[A] The software is fun enough.[B] Family medical tree shouldn’t be neglected.[C] The software is not available anywhere.[D] It is worthwhile to draw a family tree.答案：C B A C B。

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（8）

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（8）考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（8）Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option？It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations.Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide？When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces.What role should the doctor have？Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that acancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubtconcerning the future outcome of human affairs.The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another‘s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well.These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn‘t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide.I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no onea service.If someone is dying of cancer and begging to be put out of his or her misery，and someone gives that person a deadly dose of morphine，that seems merciful rather than criminal.If we can agree to this，then I think we could also agree that having a doctor close by measuring the dosage and advising the family and friends is a reasonable request.Without the doctor‘s previous treatment，the person would have surely been dead already.Doctors have intervened for months or even years，so why not sanction this final，merciful intervention？Life is indeed precious，but an inevitable part of life is death，and it should be precious，too.If life has become an intolerable pain and intense suffering，then it seems that in order to preserve dignity and beauty，one should have the right to end her or his suffering quietly，surely，and with family and friends nearby.1. In this passage“doctor-assisted suicide”act ually refers to the practice that doctors____.[A]kill their patients by intentional inducement[B]unconsciously help their patients to commit suicide[c]propose euthanasia（安乐死）to the terminally ill patient[D]kill their patients with improper prescription2. People may object to doctor-assisted suicide on the ground that____.[A]patients should determine when they want to end their lives[B]doctors should be punished if they fail to save their patients[C]doctors may make mistakes in their diagnosis[D]doctors should wait until their patients‘death is certain3. Who has the power to decide when a person should die according to those who argue against assisted suicide？[A]The patient. [B]The doctor.[C]Nature. [D]None of the above.4. When speaking of the role patients play in assisted suicide，the author admits that____.[A]it is not up to them to make the choice[B]science is a better arbiter than their personal preference[C]personal preference should not be taken too seriously[D]they are unable to make the choice in some cases5. The author makes it clear that____.[A]he is opposed to doctor-assisted suicide[B]he is in favor of doctor-assisted suicide[C]he neither objects to nor favors doctor-assisted suicide[D]he thinks it better to leave the issue undiscussed at present1. [C] 第一段第二句实际上是doctor-assisted suicide的定义。

医学考研英语试题及答案

医学考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AThe medical profession is an ever-evolving field with new research and developments constantly emerging.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The medical field is dynamic and changing.B) Research is the only way to advance medicine.C) Medical professionals must be constantly learning.D) The passage does not have a clear main idea.2. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Medical professionals are resistant to change.B) New developments in medicine are rare.C) The medical field requires continuous learning.D) Research is not valued in the medical community.BRecent studies have shown that a balanced diet and regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases.3. What is the focus of the recent studies mentioned in the passage?A) The benefits of a balanced diet.B) The importance of regular exercise.C) The reduction of chronic disease risk.D) Both A and B.4. What can be concluded from the passage?A) Chronic diseases are on the rise.B) Diet and exercise have no effect on health.C) Lifestyle changes can improve health outcomes.D) The passage does not provide any conclusions.二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable word from the options provided.In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a convenient way for patients to receive medical 5. (A) advice, (B) services, (C) treatment, (D) consultation.5. The correct answer is: (D) consultation.6-10. [Fill in the blanks with the correct options from the choices provided.]三、翻译（共15分，每题5分）Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.11. The discovery of penicillin revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections.翻译：青霉素的发现彻底改变了细菌感染的治疗方式。

2023年临床医学考研英语试题

有关“临床医学考研”的英语试题有关“临床医学考研”的英语试题如下：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

短文有5段，共10道问题。

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with over 14 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths in 2018. The two most common types of cancer are breast cancer and lung cancer, with breast cancer affecting about 2.1 million women each year. The good news is that the rates of cancer survival are increasing, especially in developed countries. This is mainly due to earlier detection, better treatment options, and more effective screening programs.1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about cancer?A. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide.B. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer.C. Cancer survival rates are increasing.D. Cancer is becoming more prevalent each year.2.How many new cases of cancer are there each year?A. 14 millionB. 8.2 millionC. 2.1 millionD. 5 million3.Which of the following best describes the main reason for the increase in cancer survival rates?A. More people are developing cancer.B. Better treatment options are available.C. Screening programs are less effective.D. Less people are surviving cancer.4.How many women are affected by breast cancer each year?A. 8.2 millionB. 2.1 millionC. 14 millionD. 5 million。

英语专八阅读理解模拟试题(附带翻译及解析)

[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.
[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.
[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.
[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.

医学考研英语试题及答案

医学考研英语试题及答案医学考研英语模拟试题一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）Passage 1Researchers have found that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can significantly reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer. The study, which followed over10,000 participants for a period of ten years, showed that those who consumed at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily had a 30% lower risk of developing cancer compared to those who consumed less than three servings a day.Questions:1. According to the study, what is the impact of a diet richin fruits and vegetables on cancer risk?A. It increases the risk of cancer.B. It has no significant impact on cancer risk.C. It significantly reduces the risk of developing certain types of cancer.D. It eliminates the risk of all types of cancer.Passage 2The latest medical breakthrough in the treatment ofAlzheimer's disease involves the use of a new drug that targets the beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. These plaques are believed to be one of the primary causes of the disease. The drug has shown promising results in clinical trials, improving cognitive function and slowing the progression of the disease.Questions:2. What is the primary target of the new drug for Alzheimer's treatment?A. Cognitive functionB. Beta-amyloid plaquesC. The progression of the diseaseD. The cause of the disease二、完形填空（共15分，每题3分）The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently launched a campaign to raise awareness about the importance of mental health. Mental health is as important as physical health and should not be overlooked. The campaign aims to educate people about the signs of common mental health disorders and to encourage them to seek help when necessary.3. The WHO campaign is focused on ________ the significance of mental health.A. ignoringB. emphasizingC. avoidingD. minimizing4. Mental health is considered as ________ as physical health.A. less importantB. equally importantC. more importantD. unimportant三、词汇与语法（共25分，每题5分）5. The doctor suggested that the patient should ________ a balanced diet to improve his health.A. stick toB. come up withC. look intoD. get away from6. Despite the recent advances in medical technology, thereare still many diseases that are ________ to cure.A. possibleB. impossibleC. likelyD. unlikely7. The research team ________ the data for hours before they could draw any conclusions.A. analyzedB. was analyzingC. had analyzedD. have analyzed四、翻译（共20分，每题10分）8. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(2)

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（2）There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment，they show signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician，but later one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced，not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation，but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial solution that ought to result，and in other people does result，in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness；they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. They exhibit what is known as a “negative therapeutic reaction”。

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（十八）

It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional .Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours。

Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified。