变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计模板
课程设计--换挡叉机械加工工艺规程及Φ16H8夹具设计
课程设计说明书题目设计“换挡叉”的机械加工工艺规程与φ16H8夹具设计任务书一、设计题目换挡叉机械加工工艺规程及Φ16H8夹具设计二、原始资料(1) 被加工零件的零件图1张(2) 生产类型:（中批或大批大量生产）三、上交材料1．绘制零件图1张2．毛坯图1张3．编制机械加工工艺过程综合卡片1套4．编制机械加工工艺卡片（仅编制四道工序的机械加工工艺卡片）1套5．绘制夹具装配图（A0或A1）1张6．绘制夹具中1个零件图（A1或A2。
装配图出来后，由指导教师为学生指定需绘制的零件图，一般为夹具体）。
1张7．编写课程设计说明书（约5000-8000字）。
1份四、进度安排本课程设计要求在3周内完成。
1．第l～2天查资料，熟悉题目阶段。
2．第3～7天，完成零件的工艺性分析,确定毛坯的类型、制造方法和机械加工工艺规程的设计并编制出零件的机械加工工艺卡片。
3．第8～10天，完成夹具总体方案设计（画出草图，与指导教师沟通，在其同意的前提下，进行课程设计的下一步）。
4．第11～13天，完成夹具总装图的绘制。
5．第14～15天，零件图的绘制。
6．第16～18天，整理并完成设计说明书的编写。
7．第19天，完成图纸和说明书的输出打印。
8．第20～21天，答辩五、指导教师评语成绩：指导教师日期目录第1章零件工艺性分析 (5)1.1换挡叉的概述 (5)1.1.1换挡叉的功用 (5)1.1.2换挡叉的结构特点 (5)1.2换挡叉的技术要求 (5)1.3分析换挡叉的工艺性 (6)1.4确定换挡叉的工艺类型 (7)第2章换挡叉机械加工工艺规程设计 (7)2.1换挡叉材料及毛坯制造方法 (7)2.2确定毛坯尺寸公差和加工余量 (7)2.2.1铸件机械加工余量等级 (7)2.2.2铸件公差等级 (7)2.2.3确定铸件基本尺寸 (8)2.3定位基准的选择 (8)2.3.1粗基准 (8)2.3.2精基准 (8)2.4制订工艺路线 (8)2.4.1工艺路线方案一 (9)2.4.2工艺路线方案二 (10)2.4.3工艺方案的比较与分析 (10)2.4.4工艺路线确定 (10)2.5确定切削用量及基本工时 (11)2.5.1切削用量的计算 (12)2.5.2基本工时的计算 (13)第3章φ16H8专用机床夹具设计 (15)3.1设计主旨 (16)3.2夹具设计 (16)3.2.1约束自由度 (16)3.2.2设计夹具定位夹紧结构 (16)3.2.3定位误差分析 (16)3.2.4夹紧力计算 (16)第4章方案综合评价与结论 (17)第5章参考文献 (17)第1章零件工艺性分析1.1换挡叉的概述1.1.1换挡叉的功用换挡叉头以孔套在变素差叉轴上，并用销钉经孔与变速叉轴联接，换挡叉脚则夹在双联变换齿轮的槽中，当需要变速时，操纵变速杆，变速操纵机构就通过换挡叉头部的操纵槽带动换挡叉与变速叉轴一起在变速箱中滑移，换挡叉脚拨动双联变速齿轮在花键轴上滑动以变换档位，从而改变机器的运转速度。
变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计(中英文文献)
毕业论文附件材料目录1 英文文献翻译 (1)1.1 Shift gearbox (1)1.2 变速箱的换挡方式 (12)1 英文文献翻译1.1 Shift gearboxClassification usually gearbox as follows:Manual transmissionThe general automatic gearbox / common automatic transmission with tiptronic CVT stepless gearbox with gear box of the /CVTDual clutch gearboxSequential gearbox(1) manual gearboxManual transmission, also known as manual gear, English name is manual transmission, referred to as MT, which push the shift lever to change gears meshing position inside the transmission, changing the transmission ratio, so as to achieve the purpose of speed. Step on the clutch, can move the shift lever.The working principle of a manual gearboxThe manual gear box is composed of different gear ratio of the gear group, its basic principle is through the gear group work in different, to realize the transformation of gear ratio. As the key link for power distribution, transmission must have the power input shaft and the output shaft of the big two, together constitute the transmission gear, is a manual transmission is the most basic component. The power input is connected with the clutch shaft clutch transmission, from the power to directly through the input shaft to the group, the gear set is composed of different diameter gear, gear power transmission effect of different proportion reached is completely different, the usual shift driving also refers to change gear ratio.Next, let us through a simple model to tell you, the principle of manual gearbox shift. Below is a simple structural model of 3 axis 2 speed gearbox.The input shaft (green) is also called the first shaft, connected by a clutch and engine, shaft and the gear is a hard connected components. Red is called the intermediate gear shaft. Enter the two gear shaft and intermediate shaft is in constant mesh state, so when the input shaft rotates will drive shaft rotation. Yellow is the output shaft, it is also called the second shafts and connected to the drive shaft (only for rear wheel drive, the precursor is generally two), and then through the differential drive vehicles.When the wheel rotates the same with spline shaft to rotate together, at this time, blue gear shaft can occur on the spline shaft relative free rotation. Therefore, the engine stops, and the wheel is rotated, the blue gear and shaft in the stationary state, and the spline shaft with wheels. The principle and the rear axle of the bicycle flywheel is similar. Blue gear and spline shaft is composed of a sleeve to connect, sleeve with spline shaft to rotate, but also can be free to slide on the spline shaft to gear.With these, the shifting process is very good understanding, when connectingsleeve and a blue gear, engine power will be transmitted to the output shaft through the shaft, at the same time, blue gear left in free rotation, but because there is no and sleeve engaged, so it does not affect the spline shaft. If the sleeve between the two blue gear, the gearbox in neutral position, the two blue gear on the spline shaft rotate freely, without mutual interference.Principle of a conventional 5 speed manual gearbox shift is the same, only the gearbox structure increased the number of sleeve and the gear sets, so that it has more gear. But the reverse is based on the intermediate shaft (red) and the output shaft (blue) is added between a gear to achieve. Due to the increase of a gear, the reverse gear will always rotate toward other gear in the opposite direction. The gear because only to change gear rotation direction function, so it is also called the idler.5 block two shaft transmission structure, the input shaft and the driving gear are integrated into a whole, simplifies the structure and saves spaceIn addition to the traditional three axis manual gearbox, the widespread use of cars is two axis manual transmission, its structure and the three shaft of the gearbox is similar, only the input shaft and intermediate shaft as a shaft, therefore has the advantages of simple structure, small size advantages, in addition, it also has the middle gear transmission high efficiency, and low noise characteristics, so it is more suitable to be the precursor home car general car transmission form, is currently the most widely used, its shortcomings is not set up direct gear, transmission and file than the design cannot be too high. While driving, three shaft gearbox used is still the traditional.Manual gearbox in general, is through the push rod is connected or cable to control the shift. Push rod shift control connection, more direct but vibration will be large; and the cable type although no vibration, but the shift is not very clear, it is each to have good and bad. In addition to shift the two pure mechanical control, in addition, and the use of electronic shift device of manual transmission, which can combine themerits of push and pull the shift between the good. This kind of gear box in the shift when the gear shift lever, shifting to the corresponding gear, the transmission will be motor drive the corresponding fork control sleeve and the gear is engaged, so that there is no gear is not clear, but the shift schedule can be controlled in the ideal range.So, a good manual transmission need to have what characteristic? The first transmission must have good gear handle, each gear position clear, have reasonable horizontal and vertical stroke, into the block resistance is small and with suction. What is more important is, the gear tooth between than arrangement must be reasonable. Because each gear position than distribution, directly affect the cohesion power vehicles moving in a smooth, usually require a low gear can effectively accelerate, high block to achieve high speed and efficient, and the distance between each block should be uniform, otherwise will be very easy to cause the channeling shift when the car.Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of manual gearboxAdvantages Obviously, which is simple in structure, reliable performance, manufacturing and maintenance cost is low, and the transmission efficiency is high (theory will be more fuel-efficient), also, because it is pure mechanical control, shift reaction is fast, and can be more direct expression of driver's intention, and therefore more driving pleasure, these are the advantages of manual gearbox. But compared to automatic transmission, its operation is complicated, and frustration in gear switch when the obvious disadvantage is irreparable.(2) automatic gearboxAutomatic transmission AT, the full name of Auto Transmission, which is composed of hydraulic torque converter, composed of planetary gear and hydraulic control system, through the hydraulic transmission and gear combination to achieve variable speed moment.Compared with the manual transmission, automatic transmission is very different in structure and usage. The manual is mainly regulated by different gear combination to change gear, and the automatic transmission is through the hydraulic transmission and gear combination to achieve the purpose of changing speed. Hydraulic torqueconverter is one of the most characteristic of the automatic gearbox parts, which is composed of a pump, turbine and guide wheel and other components, pump wheel and turbine is a combination of work, through the liquid pump wheel drives the turbine to rotate, and the wheel between the pump and turbine wheel through the reaction between the pump wheel and turbine implementation the speed difference and implementation of variable torque function, the driver, you only need to different intensity slam the pedal, the gearbox can automatically stop lifting. Since the torque converter automatic transmission torque range is not big enough, so in a later series several rows of planetary gear to improve efficiency, the hydraulic control system will change with the engine to manipulate the planetary gear, so as to realize the automatic transmission torque. In order to meet a variety of running process needs (such as parking, reversing), automatic transmission also has some manual shift lever position, like the P block (R block (anchor), after the block), block N (neutral), D (forward), block.From the performance that the more gear automatic gearbox, the car in the process of running more smoothly, acceleration is better, and more fuel-efficient. In addition to providing a comfortable driving feeling, automatic transmission also has insurmountable defects. Dynamic automatic transmission response is not directly, which makes it in the "driving pleasure" slightly shortage. In addition, because of the use of hydraulic transmission, the automatic transmission gearbox transmission power loss.Tiptronic automatic transmissionHands appeared gearbox is in order to improve the automatic gearbox and operating economy and increase the setting, let the original computer automatic shift time back into the hands of drivers. At the same time, if in the city traffic in, or you can always switch back to automatic.A tiptronic automatic transmission is actually automatic gearbox, first appeared in a Porsche 911, manual gearbox electronic control system through the simulation of the operation of a manual gearbox. It appears, giving the driver a greater degree of freedom in the operation, can block up the blocking or shift paddles on the steeringwheel to choose their own gear and shift the timing right, thereby greatly improving the driving pleasure.(3) CTV non-polar transmissionCVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), direct translation is a continuously variable transmission, which is continuously variable transmission. We often say, just as its name implies is that there is no clear and specific file, which operate on similar automatic gearbox, gear jump process but the ratio change is different from the automatic gearbox, but a continuous, so the power transmission continues smooth.CVT transmission system, the traditional gear by a pair of pulleys and a steel belt is replaced, each block is V structure is composed of two intervertebral disk, engine shaft is connected through a small pulley, steel belt drive pulley. Mystery lies in this special pulley: drive pulley structures CVT strange activity, divided into halves, can be close to or separate relative. Cone disc can tighten or open the thrust hydraulic, extrusion sheet steel chain so as to adjust the V slot width. When the cone disc inside mobile tightened, steel chain in the extrusion cones to center outside of the directionof movement (centrifugal direction), but moving to the center of the circle. In this way, steel chain drives the disc diameter increases, the transmission ratio is changed.The CVT gearbox what are the advantages?1, because there is no general automatic transmission gear, there will be no shift process of automatic transmission, shift the resulting sense of frustration will disappear, so the power output of CVT gearbox is linear, in actual driving very smooth.Theory of transmission system of 2 CVT, the gear can be an unlimited number of gear set, more freedom, the traditional transmission gear ratio, speed ratio and performance, fuel consumption, exhaust emissions balance, are more likely to achieve.3, the mechanical efficiency of CVT transmission, the province is oily considerably better than the automatic transmission common, after manual gearbox, fuel economy is much better than.Since there are so many advantages, why not let all the cars using CVT gearbox?There are two factors:1, compared with the traditional automatic transmission, its cost is high; and the operation is undeserved word, the higher probability.2, CVT gearbox itself still has its shortcomings, is the transmission of the steel belt can withstand strength is limited, generally more than 2.8L capacity or power above 280N • M is its limit, but we al so see that there are more and more cars such as Audi, or Nissan, has broken the limit, believe strip the problem will be solved gradually.(4) dual clutch gearboxDual clutch gearbox DCT, English name is Dual Clutch Transmission, because it has two clutches, so called "dual clutch transmission".Technology introducedDual clutch gearbox combines the advantages of manual transmission and automatic transmission, no torque converter, instead of using two sets of clutch, through two sets of clutch alternately work, to achieve seamless shift effect. Two clutches respectively control the odd block and even block, that is to say, in the shift before, DSG had the next gear meshing, after shifting instruction, DSG quickly sends instructions to the engine, the engine speed increases, the previous meshing gears quickly, while the first group of clutch fully liberalized, the completion of a rise to block the action time, action and so on.Because without the torque converter, so the power of the engine can be fully played out, while the two clutch alternately work, shift time making, dynamic fault engine may be very limited. As the driver is the feeling that we are the most direct, switch gear action very quickly and smoothly, dynamic transmission process of almost uninterrupted, vehicle dynamic performance can be fully play. Compared with the traditional automatic transmission with torque converter, the DSG shift more directly, the power loss is smaller, so the fuel consumption can be reduced by more than 10%.DeficienciesHowever, with the traditional automatic transmission ratio, DSG also has someinherent disadvantages, firstly it is because there is no use hydraulic torque converter, nor realize manual transmission "linkage" action, so for the small-displacement engine, low speed torque characteristic is not enough to be completely exposed; secondly, because the DSG transmission using computer control, belonging to an intelligent transmission, it needs to send electronic signals to the engine block in the process of falling in the L /, the engine after reply, and the engine to be completed with L / reduction gear. A large number of electronic components, but also increases the probability of its failure.The dual clutch common with V olkswagen's DSG, Ford Powershift, Mitsubishi SST and Porsche PDK.(5) sequential gearboxSequential gearbox (AMT) is improved on the traditional manual gear transmission based on; it combines hydromechatronics automatic transmission has the advantages of both AT and MT; AMT has the advantages of automatic transmission common automatic transmission, and the retention efficiency of the original manual transmission gear transmission, the high cost of low, simple structure, easy manufacture. It is the reform in the present manual transmission, retained most of the original assembly, only to change the shift lever manual operating system part, the production of succession, to transform the input costs less, is very easy to be manufacturers to accept.The driver through the accelerator pedal and joystick to the electronic control unit (ECU) control signal transmission; electronic control unit collects the engine speed sensor, the speed sensor signal, the time to master the running state of the vehicle; electronic control unit (ECU) based on the best program according to these signals stored therein, optimal shifting rules, clutch fuzzy control rules engine oil, adaptive control law, action and temporal separation of the engine, clutch and transmission shift binding, the three to achieve the best matching. In order to obtain the excellent fuel economy and power performance and ability to smooth start and rapid shift, in order to achieve the desired results.But the AMT transmission is not perfect, the biggest disadvantage of AMTgearbox is shifting comfort is poor, and generate power interruption in the process of shifting, the shift in the process of speed performance is not good.AMT mechanical gearbox, its basic structure and conventional manual gearbox consistent, generally only one input shaft and an output shaft (RWD usually a middle shaft), which generally is the input shaft 5 forward gear and output shaft gear is in constant mesh state, wherein the output shaft of the 1 gear and a reverse gear, 2 block and the 3 block, 4 block and 5 block were shared by the three shift fork. The mechanism of two adjacent gear with a shifting mechanism, when the shift action, fork need once upon a gear defect, through neutral to the next gear gear meshing, due to three actions is the order, even if each action will be the time to a minimum, is still very difficult to obtain the shift speed fast enough."Independent innovation shift fork"The ISR gearbox has a unique structure, the gear arrangement it is different with the traditional AMT gearbox, also different from the dual clutch gearbox. The use of four independent shift fork, two stalls adjacent to the gear shift fork is composed of different control. Four independent fork respectively control 1 gear and reverse gear; block 3 and block 5, block 2 and block 4, block 6 and block 7, that is to say, from 1 until 6 block, two adjacent stalls are composed of two independent fork to respectively control.Because of this design, the shifting process can be further shortened: when two adjacent gear to gear switch, a shift fork and the current gear gear detachment, another gear meshing has already started, and a shift fork action and activates the electronic clutch three, because the action is almost synchronously, so that the whole time shorten. Lamborghini is compared originally claimed, performance is very good before the generation of the E-gear sequential gearbox, shift speed upgrade 40%, shift speed of 50 milliseconds is close to F1 gearbox level.Gear shift mechanism of ISR is driven by the electric hydraulic pump, a maximum of 60 bar pressure ensures the necessary operating speed, 7 hydraulic valve controls the gear shift mechanism of action, and the electric pump to provide power, double plate clutch tough also driven by hydraulic pressure, will be responsible for thetorque of the 690Nm transmitted to the four wheels. Synchronizer gear ring is made from carbon fiber, not only wear but also reduce the overall quality of the gearbox.In the design process, the transmission is not only fast, shift quality is equally important, VOCIS design control procedure is also fully take into account the daily driving comfort. The gearbox can choose three kinds of work modes: Strada (Road) or full automatic mode can provide comfortable for shift operation oriented; Sport (motion) mode will postpone shifting node and provides a more rapid gear switch; Corsa (track) model can provide the best track shift strategy, the model can also provide the starting control, also is the ejection start function.1.2 变速箱的换挡方式通常变速箱的分类为以下几种：手动变速箱普通自动变速箱/普通自动变速箱带手自一体CVT无级变速箱/CVT带挡位的变速箱双离合变速箱序列变速箱(1) 手动变速箱手动变速器，也称手动挡，英文全称为manual transmission，简称MT，即用手拨动变速杆才能改变变速器内的齿轮啮合位置，改变传动比，从而达到变速的目的。
变速器换挡叉的加工工艺规程及工装设计
优秀设计毕业设计（论文）变速器换挡叉工艺工装设计Transmission shift Forks tooling design 题目∶变速器换挡叉工艺工装设计系名：专业班级：学生姓名：学号：指导教师姓名：指导教师职称：二○**年六月十五日任务书课题名称变速器换挡叉工艺工装设计同组学生姓名无设计（研究）内容及要求：一、内容：1、（抄画）被加工零件零件图 1张(A3)2、被加工零件毛坯图 1张(A3)3、被加工零件工艺过程卡 1套4、被加工零件工序卡 1套5、夹具装配图（两道工序） 2套(2XA1）6、夹具体零件图 2张(2XA3)7、设计计算说明书（≥5000字） 1份二、要求：必须独立完成设计任务，需完成装配图和零件图，折合成0号图纸1.5张以上；设计计算说明书5000字以上；图纸统一编号（参照全隶属编号）；图纸上采用的所有标准必须是现行标准；图纸必须用Auto CAD(2004或以上版本)画图(若是A2／A3大小,必须拼装成A1格式存盘，以方便打印)，说明书的文字一律用WORD2002或2004打印输出。
必须按规定时间完成毕业设计任务，各环节须经审核通过方可进行下一步工作。
毕业实习不合格者不得参加毕业设计，毕业设计不合格者不得参加毕业答辩。
注：1、具体技术要求见图纸。
2、其它要求见“毕业设计工作计划”参考文献：1、机械制造工艺学2、机床夹具设计3、金属机械加工工艺人员手册4、机床夹具设计设计手册5、机床夹具设计设计图册6、实用机械加工手册（有电子版）7、机械加工余量手册（有电子版）8、机械加工工艺师手册（有电子版）目录摘要 (3)引言 (4)第一章零件的分析 (5)第二章工艺规程的设计 (6)2.1确定毛坯的的制造形式 (6)2.2基准的选择 (6)2.3制订工艺路线 (6)2.4机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 (8)2.5确定切削用量及基本工时 (9)第三章专用夹具的设计 (19)3.1钻、攻M10螺纹的夹具设计 (19)3.1.1问题提出 (19)3.1.2 定位基准的选择 (19)3.1.3定位元件的设计 (19)3.1.4切削力及夹紧力计算 (19)3.1.5 夹具设计及操作简要说明 (19)3.2铣拨叉宽51面的夹具设计 (21)3.2.1 问题的提出 (21)3.2.2 定位基准的选择 (21)3.2.3定位元件的设计 (21)3.2.4 切削力及夹紧力计算 (21)3.2.5 定向键与对刀装置设计 (23)3.2.6 夹具设计及操作简要说明 (25)总结 (26)致谢 (27)参考文献 (28)摘要：本次设计内容涉及了机械制造工艺及机床夹具设计、金属切削机床、公差配合与测量等多方面的知识。
变速器换挡叉-夹具设计-图纸任务书齐全
目录第一章变速器换挡叉零件分析 (2)1. 1零件工艺分析 (2)1.2支架的主要作用 (2)1.3 主要尺寸公差及分析 (2)第二章毛坯的确定 (3)2.1毛坯材料及制造形式的确定 (3)2.2加工余量及尺寸公差的确定 (3)第三章工艺规程的设计 (5)3.1定位基准的选择 (5)3.1.1粗基准的选择 (5)3.1.2精基准的选择 (5)3.2制订加工工艺路线 (6)3.3刀具、量具、夹具及设备的选择 (7)3.4加工工序的设计 (7)第四章夹具设计 (8)4.1确定方案 (8)4.2问题的提出 (8)4.3定位基准的选择 (8)4.4切削力及夹紧力计算 (8)4.5定位误差分析 (9)4.6夹具设计及操作的简单说明 (9)心得体会 (10)参考文献 (11)附录：1、机械加工工艺过程卡一套2、机械加工工序卡一张3、夹具体装配图一张4、夹具体零件图一张5、加工工件毛胚图一张6、加工工件零件图一张第一章 变速器换挡叉零件分析1. 1零件工艺分析零件图上的主要技术要求为：两叉脚口表面淬火至全厚硬度为45HRC 。
零件正火硬度 180HBS 。
去毛刺。
1、加工表面及其要求1）Φ15.81F8孔：孔径Φ15.81043.0016.0++mm ，两端倒脚0.4mm ×45°，表面粗糙度R a 3.2m μ。
2）换档叉脚端面：保证尺寸56，表面粗糙度R a 12.5m μ。
3）操纵槽：宽度为14.21.00+mm ,深度为18mm,对称面与换档叉头端面的距离为20.5mm ，两侧面几底面的表面粗糙度为R a 12.5m μ。
4）换档叉脚端面：厚度尺寸为5.9019.0-mm ，表面粗糙度R a 6.3m μ，对孔Φ15.81F8的垂直度为0.15mm ，外端面与操纵槽的距离为33.515.0±mm 。
5）换档叉脚内侧面：宽度尺寸为511.00+mm ，表面粗糙度为R a 6.3m μ。
变速器换挡叉加工工艺及夹具设计
加工精度：保 证夹具的加工 精度，以满足
加工要求
装配要求：夹 具的装配应符 合设计要求， 保证夹具的稳 定性和可靠性
维护保养：定 期对夹具进行 维护保养，以 保证其使用寿 命和加工精度
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加工工艺与夹具设计的结合
夹具设计的工艺性分析
夹具设计需要满足加工工艺 的稳定性和可靠性，如夹具 的夹紧力、定位精度等
夹具设计的经济性分析
成本控制：选择合适的材料和加工方法，降低生产成本 效率提升：优化夹具设计，提高生产效率，降低生产时间 质量保证：保证产品质量，减少废品率，降低生产成本 维护方便：设计易于维护的夹具，降低维护成本 环保要求：符合环保要求，降低环保成本 安全性能：保证操作安全，降低安全事故成本
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夹具设计需要考虑加工工艺 的要求，如加工精度、加工 效率等
夹具设计需要考虑加工工艺 的可操作性和安全性，如夹 具的操作方便性、安全性等
夹具设计需要考虑加工工艺 的经济性，如夹具的成本、
维护成本等
夹具在加工过程中的使用要求
夹具应具有足够的强度和刚度，以保证加工过程中的稳定性和精度
夹具应具有良好的定位精度和重复定位精度，以保证加工过程中的 一致性和稳定性 夹具应具有良好的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，以保证加工过程中的使用寿命 和可靠性
工艺流程： 加热、保 温、冷却
时间： 根据材料 和工艺要 求确定
冷却方式： 空气冷却、 油冷却、 水冷却等
热处理后 的检验： 硬度、耐 磨性、疲 劳强度等
表面处理工艺
电镀：通过电解作用在工件表面形成一层金属或合金的薄膜，提高耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和 美观性
夹具的动力学性能分析
夹具的稳定性：保证加工过程中的稳定性，避免振动和变形 夹具的刚度：保证加工过程中的刚度，避免变形和磨损 夹具的精度：保证加工过程中的精度，避免误差和偏差 夹具的耐磨性：保证加工过程中的耐磨性，避免磨损和损坏
变速器换挡叉的机械加工工艺规程及夹具设计
1．零件的工艺分析1.1零件的功用,结构与特点该零件是以φ15.81F8孔套在轴上,并用螺钉径M10×1-7H螺纹孔与轴定位,换挡叉脚卡在双联齿轮中的轴中,变速操作机构通过换挡叉头部的操纵槽带动换挡叉与轴一起在变速箱中滑动,换挡叉脚拨动双联齿轮在花键轴上滑动,就可实现变速功能,从而实现变速器变速。
换挡叉的主要工作表面为操纵槽换挡插脚两端面。
主要配合面为φ15.81F8孔，M10×1-7H螺纹孔和换挡叉脚侧面51 。
该零件属于特殊形状零件，但复杂程度一般。
由于换挡叉在工作时表面承受一定的压力，因此，要求有一定的强度和韧度。
1.2主要加工表面与其要求1换挡叉安装孔孔径Φ15.81F8孔是换挡叉的安装孔，其形状公差遵守包容要求，表面粗糙度12.5µm。
2换挡叉脚端面换挡叉脚端面的厚度为5.9，两端面对孔φ15.81F8轴线的垂直度公差为0.15，内端面与操纵槽的对称面的距离为33.5+0.15，表面粗糙度为6.3µm。
3换挡叉脚内侧面换挡叉脚内侧面的宽度为51,其对称面与换挡叉头对称面同属一个面表面粗糙度为6.3µm。
4换挡叉头两侧面换挡叉脚端面的厚度为9.65,对称面与φ15.81F8孔与换挡叉脚面属同一面，表面粗糙度为6.3µm。
5操纵槽操纵槽的宽度为14.2,槽底为半圆，半径为R7.1，深度为19.1,对称面与换挡叉头内端面的距离为27.6, 表面粗糙度为12.5µm，槽平面部分的倒角为0.8×45°。
6螺纹孔端面螺纹孔M10×1-7H的端面的粗糙组要求为12.5。
2．毛坯的选择2.1确定毛坯的类型，制造的方法和尺寸与其公差①因零件的材料为锻件，要求成批生产，换挡叉的轮廓尺寸不大且有较多不需要加工的表面，所以毛坯选用模锻锻造成形。
②换挡叉属特殊形零件，且加工过程中利用不加工表面进行定位的工序较多又是成皮生产，故零件的毛坯选用为锻模。
变速器换挡叉工艺工序卡
变速器换挡叉工艺工序卡计算机辅助设计与制造机械加工工序卡片工序名称：铰孔零件名称：变速器换挡叉零件重量：未知工序号：F8零件号：1同时加工零件数：1毛坯型号：铸造夹具名称：专用夹具材料牌号：35硬度：HBS180重量：未知专用工具：麻花钻、扩孔钻、铰刀设备名称：转塔钻床安装工步：1.安装麻花钻进行钻孔操作。
2.安装扩孔钻进行扩孔操作。
3.安装粗铰刀进行粗铰操作。
4.安装精铰刀进行精铰操作。
刀具走刀长度分别为55、49、50、50.主轴转速分别为300、195、195、195.切削速度分别为14.13、5.652、9.61、9.61. 基本工时分别为55.2、30、86.4、64.2.设备名称：卧式铣床工序名称：粗铣叉口19x5.9两侧面零件名称：变速器换挡叉零件重量：未知工序号：未知零件号：10同时加工零件数：1毛坯型号：铸造夹具名称：专用夹具材料牌号：35硬度：HBS180重量：未知专用工具：立铣刀、卡板设备名称：卧式铣床安装工步：1.安装立铣刀进行粗铣操作。
2.安装卡板进行夹持。
刀具走刀长度为50.主轴转速为450r/min。
切削速度为56.52m/min。
基本工时为10.设备名称：卧式铣床工序名称：粗铣16x56两侧面零件名称：变速器换挡叉零件重量：未知工序号：未知零件号：30同时加工零件数：1毛坯型号：铸造夹具名称：专用夹具材料牌号：35硬度：HBS180重量：未知专用工具：镶齿三面刃铣刀设备名称：卧式铣床安装工步：1.安装镶齿三面刃铣刀进行粗铣操作。
刀具走刀长度为70.主轴转速为165r/min。
切削速度为20.7m/min。
基本工时为20.粗铣16x56两侧面，设计者XXX在指导教师XXX的帮助下，共计10页，第3页的计算机辅助设计与制造机械加工工序卡片中，工序名称为粗铣叉口前后两侧面，零件名称为变速器换挡叉，零件重量为40，工序号为1，同时加工零件数为毛坯型号，夹具名称为专用夹具，主轴转速为165r/min，切削速度为26.7m/min，材料牌号为35，硬度为HBS180，重量为专用，基本工具为60，设备名称为卧式铣床，安装及工步说明为安装刀具量具，走刀长度次数为551，切削深度为2mm，型号为X620，进给量为0.08mm/r。
变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计
变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计变速箱换挡叉是汽车变速器中的重要部件，其功能是实现汽车的换挡操作。
为了保证换挡的平稳和可靠性，换挡叉的加工工艺以及相应的夹具设计显得尤为重要。
首先，换挡叉的加工工艺可以分为以下几个步骤：1. 材料准备：选择具有良好韧性和抗磨性的合金钢作为原材料，经过切削加工制成符合设计要求的零件。
2. 加工粗加工：通过铣削和车削等加工方式，将换挡叉的外形进行粗加工，使其具备一定的外形尺寸和粗糙度。
3. 加工精加工：在粗加工的基础上，采用刨削、打磨等工艺进一步将换挡叉的外形进行细加工，确保其外表面的光洁度和尺寸精度满足要求。
4. 热处理：经过精加工后的换挡叉需要进行热处理，通常是淬火处理。
淬火可以提高换挡叉的硬度和强度，增加其使用寿命和耐磨性。
5. 表面处理：对经过热处理的换挡叉进行表面处理，通常采用镀铬或喷涂等方式，以提高其表面的光滑度和抗腐蚀性能。
接下来，我们需要设计夹具来确保换挡叉的加工过程中能够保持稳定的定位和加工质量。
1. 安装夹具：设计一个专门的定位安装夹具，使得换挡叉在加工过程中能够稳定地固定在安装夹具上，保证换挡叉的位置和姿态准确无误。
2. 固定夹具：采用夹具将换挡叉牢固固定在夹具上，以防止在加工过程中产生位移或抖动，影响加工质量。
3. 加工辅助夹具：配备一些辅助夹具，用于辅助加工过程中的定位、支撑和夹紧，确保换挡叉在加工时保持稳定和正确的位置。
通过合理的夹具设计，可以使换挡叉的加工过程更加稳定和高效，确保其加工质量和精度。
同时，夹具的设计也需要考虑操作方便性、夹持力的可调性以及适应不同型号换挡叉的可变性，以便满足不同生产需求。
总结起来，变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺和夹具设计是保证换挡叉质量的关键环节。
通过合理的加工工艺和夹具设计，可以提高产品的加工精度和质量，并确保其可靠性和稳定性。
继续写相关内容，1500字4. 装夹夹具：为了确保换挡叉在加工过程中的稳定性和准确性，需要设计适合的装夹夹具。
变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计(中英文文献)之欧阳家百创编
毕业论文附件材料欧阳家百（2021.03.07）目录1 英文文献翻译 (1)1.1 Shift gearbox (1)1.2 变速箱的换挡方式 (12)1 英文文献翻译1.1 Shift gearboxClassification usually gearbox as follows:Manual transmissionThe general automatic gearbox / common automatic transmission with tiptronic CVT stepless gearbox with gear box of the /CVTDual clutch gearboxSequential gearbox(1) manual gearboxManual transmission, also known as manual gear, English name is manual transmission, referred to as MT, which push the shift lever to change gears meshing position inside the transmission, changing the transmission ratio, so as to achieve the purpose of speed. Step on the clutch, can move the shift lever.The working principle of a manual gearboxThe manual gear box is composed of different gear ratio of the gear group, its basic principle is through the gear group work in different, to realize the transformation of gear ratio. As the key link for power distribution, transmission must have the power input shaft and the output shaft of the big two, together constitute the transmission gear, is a manual transmission is the most basic component. The power input is connected with the clutch shaft clutch transmission, from the power to directly through the input shaft to the group, the gear set is composed of different diameter gear, gear power transmission effect of different proportion reached is completely different, the usual shift driving also refers to change gear ratio.Next, let us through a simple model to tell you, the principle of manual gearbox shift. Below is a simple structural model of 3 axis 2 speed gearbox.The input shaft (green) is also called the first shaft, connected by a clutch and engine, shaft and the gear is a hard connected components. Red is called the intermediate gear shaft. Enter the two gear shaft and intermediate shaft is in constant mesh state, so when the input shaft rotates will drive shaft rotation. Yellow is the output shaft, it is also called the second shafts and connected to the drive shaft (only for rear wheel drive, the precursor is generally two), and then through the differential drive vehicles.When the wheel rotates the same with spline shaft to rotate together, at this time, blue gear shaft can occur on the spline shaft relative free rotation. Therefore, the engine stops, and the wheel is rotated, the blue gear and shaft in the stationary state, and the spline shaft with wheels. The principle and the rear axle of the bicycle flywheel is similar. Blue gear and spline shaft is composed of a sleeve to connect, sleeve with spline shaft to rotate, but also can be free to slide on the spline shaft to gear.With these, the shifting process is very good understanding, when connectingsleeve and a blue gear, engine power will be transmitted to the output shaft through the shaft, at the same time, blue gear left in free rotation, but because there is no and sleeve engaged, so it does not affect the spline shaft. If the sleeve between the two blue gear, the gearbox in neutral position, the two blue gear on the spline shaft rotate freely, without mutual interference.Principle of a conventional 5 speed manual gearbox shift is the same, only the gearbox structure increased the number of sleeve and the gear sets, so that it has more gear. But the reverse is based on the intermediate shaft (red) and the output shaft (blue) is added between a gear to achieve. Due to the increase of a gear, the reverse gear will always rotate toward other gear in the opposite direction. The gear because only to change gear rotation direction function, so it is also called the idler.5 block two shaft transmission structure, the input shaft and the driving gear are integrated into a whole, simplifies the structure and saves spaceIn addition to the traditional three axis manual gearbox, the widespread use of cars is two axis manual transmission, its structure and the three shaft of the gearbox is similar, only the input shaft and intermediate shaft as a shaft, therefore has the advantages of simple structure, small size advantages, in addition, it also has the middle gear transmission high efficiency, and low noise characteristics, so it is more suitable to be the precursor home car general car transmission form, is currently the most widely used, its shortcomings is not set up direct gear, transmission and file than the design cannot be too high. While driving, three shaft gearbox used is still the traditional.Manual gearbox in general, is through the push rod is connected or cable to control the shift. Push rod shift control connection, more direct but vibration will be large; and the cable type although no vibration, but the shift is not very clear, it is each to have good and bad. In addition to shift the two pure mechanical control, in addition, and the use of electronic shift device of manual transmission, which can combine the merits of push and pull the shift between the good. This kind of gearbox in the shift when the gear shift lever, shifting to the corresponding gear, the transmission will be motor drive the corresponding fork control sleeve and the gear is engaged, so that there is no gear is not clear, but the shift schedule can be controlled in the ideal range.So, a good manual transmission need to have what characteristic? The first transmission must have good gear handle, each gear position clear, have reasonable horizontal and vertical stroke, into the block resistance is small and with suction. What is more important is, the gear tooth between than arrangement must be reasonable. Because each gear position than distribution, directly affect the cohesion power vehicles moving in a smooth, usually require a low gear can effectively accelerate, high block to achieve high speed and efficient, and the distance between each block should be uniform, otherwise will be very easy to cause the channeling shift when the car.Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of manual gearboxAdvantages Obviously, which is simple in structure, reliable performance, manufacturing and maintenance cost is low, and the transmission efficiency is high (theory will be more fuel-efficient), also, because it is pure mechanical control, shift reaction is fast, and can be more direct expression of driver's intention, and therefore more driving pleasure, these are the advantages of manual gearbox. But compared to automatic transmission, its operation is complicated, and frustration in gear switch when the obvious disadvantage is irreparable.(2) automatic gearboxAutomatic transmission AT, the full name of Auto Transmission, which is composed of hydraulic torque converter, composed of planetary gear and hydraulic control system, through the hydraulic transmission and gear combination to achieve variable speed moment.Compared with the manual transmission, automatic transmission is very different in structure and usage. The manual is mainly regulated by different gear combination to change gear, and the automatic transmission is through the hydraulic transmission and gear combination to achieve the purpose of changing speed.Hydraulic torque converter is one of the most characteristic of the automatic gearbox parts, which is composed of a pump, turbine and guide wheel and other components, pump wheel and turbine is a combination of work, through the liquid pump wheel drives the turbine to rotate, and the wheel between the pump and turbine wheel through the reaction between the pump wheel and turbine implementation the speed difference and implementation of variable torque function, the driver, you only need to different intensity slam the pedal, the gearbox can automatically stop lifting. Since the torque converter automatic transmission torque range is not big enough, so in a later series several rows of planetary gear to improve efficiency, the hydraulic control system will change with the engine to manipulate the planetary gear, so as to realize the automatic transmission torque. In order to meet a variety of running process needs (such as parking, reversing), automatic transmission also has some manual shift lever position, like the P block (R block (anchor), after the block), block N (neutral), D (forward), block.From the performance that the more gear automatic gearbox, the car in the process of running more smoothly, acceleration is better, and more fuel-efficient. In addition to providing a comfortable driving feeling, automatic transmission also has insurmountable defects. Dynamic automatic transmission response is not directly, which makes it in the "driving pleasure" slightly shortage. In addition, because of the use of hydraulic transmission, the automatic transmission gearbox transmission power loss.Tiptronic automatic transmissionHands appeared gearbox is in order to improve the automatic gearbox and operating economy and increase the setting, let the original computer automatic shift time back into the hands of drivers. At the same time, if in the city traffic in, or you can always switch back to automatic.A tiptronic automatic transmission is actually automatic gearbox, first appeared in a Porsche 911, manual gearbox electronic control system through the simulation of the operation of a manual gearbox. It appears, giving the driver a greater degree of freedom in the operation, can block up the blocking or shift paddles on thesteering wheel to choose their own gear and shift the timing right, thereby greatly improving the driving pleasure.(3) CTV non-polar transmissionCVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), direct translation is a continuously variable transmission, which is continuously variable transmission. We often say, just as its name implies is that there is no clear and specific file, which operate on similar automatic gearbox, gear jump process but the ratio change is different from the automatic gearbox, but a continuous, so the power transmission continues smooth.CVT transmission system, the traditional gear by a pair of pulleys and a steel belt is replaced, each block is V structure is composed of two intervertebral disk, engine shaft is connected through a small pulley, steel belt drive pulley. Mystery lies in this special pulley: drive pulley structures CVT strange activity, divided into halves, can be close to or separate relative. Cone disc can tighten or open the thrust hydraulic, extrusion sheet steel chain so as to adjust the V slot width. When the cone disc inside mobile tightened, steel chain in the extrusion cones to center outside of the direction of movement (centrifugal direction), but moving to the center of the circle. In this way, steel chain drives the disc diameter increases, the transmission ratio is changed.The CVT gearbox what are the advantages?1, because there is no general automatic transmission gear, there will be no shift process of automatic transmission, shift the resulting sense of frustration will disappear, so the power output of CVT gearbox is linear, in actual driving very smooth.Theory of transmission system of 2 CVT, the gear can be an unlimited number of gear set, more freedom, the traditional transmission gear ratio, speed ratio and performance, fuel consumption, exhaust emissions balance, are more likely to achieve.3, the mechanical efficiency of CVT transmission, the province is oily considerably better than the automatic transmission common, after manual gearbox,fuel economy is much better than.Since there are so many advantages, why not let all the cars using CVT gearbox? There are two factors:1, compared with the traditional automatic transmission, its cost is high; and the operation is undeserved word, the higher probability.2, CVT gearbox itself still has its shortcomings, is the transmission of the steel belt can withstand strength is limited, generally more than 2.8L capacity or power above 280N • M is its limit, but we also see that there are more and more cars such as Audi, or Nissan, has broken the limit, believe strip the problem will be solved gradually.(4) dual clutch gearboxDual clutch gearbox DCT, English name is Dual Clutch Transmission, because it has two clutches, so called "dual clutch transmission".Technology introducedDual clutch gearbox combines the advantages of manual transmission and automatic transmission, no torque converter, instead of using two sets of clutch, through two sets of clutch alternately work, to achieve seamless shift effect. Two clutches respectively control the odd block and even block, that is to say, in the shift before, DSG had the next gear meshing, after shifting instruction, DSG quickly sends instructions to the engine, the engine speed increases, the previous meshing gears quickly, while the first group of clutch fully liberalized, the completion of a rise to block the action time, action and so on.Because without the torque converter, so the power of the engine can be fully played out, while the two clutch alternately work, shift time making, dynamic fault engine may be very limited. As the driver is the feeling that we are the most direct, switch gear action very quickly and smoothly, dynamic transmission process of almost uninterrupted, vehicle dynamic performance can be fully play. Compared with the traditional automatic transmission with torque converter, the DSG shift more directly, the power loss is smaller, so the fuel consumption can be reduced by more than 10%.DeficienciesHowever, with the traditional automatic transmission ratio, DSG also has some inherent disadvantages, firstly it is because there is no use hydraulic torque converter, nor realize manual transmission "linkage" action, so for the small-displacement engine, low speed torque characteristic is not enough to be completely exposed; secondly, because the DSG transmission using computer control, belonging to an intelligent transmission, it needs to send electronic signals to the engine block in the process of falling in the L /, the engine after reply, and the engine to be completed with L / reduction gear. A large number of electronic components, but also increases the probability of its failure.The dual clutch common with Volkswagen's DSG, Ford Powershift, Mitsubishi SST and Porsche PDK.(5) sequential gearboxSequential gearbox (AMT) is improved on the traditional manual gear transmission based on; it combines hydromechatronics automatic transmission has the advantages of both AT and MT; AMT has the advantages of automatic transmission common automatic transmission, and the retention efficiency of the original manual transmission gear transmission, the high cost of low, simple structure, easy manufacture. It is the reform in the present manual transmission, retained most of the original assembly, only to change the shift lever manual operating system part, the production of succession, to transform the input costs less, is very easy to be manufacturers to accept.The driver through the accelerator pedal and joystick to the electronic control unit (ECU) control signal transmission; electronic control unit collects the engine speed sensor, the speed sensor signal, the time to master the running state of the vehicle; electronic control unit (ECU) based on the best program according to these signals stored therein, optimal shifting rules, clutch fuzzy control rules engine oil, adaptive control law, action and temporal separation of the engine, clutch and transmission shift binding, the three to achieve the best matching. In order to obtain the excellent fuel economy and power performance and ability to smooth start andrapid shift, in order to achieve the desired results.But the AMT transmission is not perfect, the biggest disadvantage of AMT gearbox is shifting comfort is poor, and generate power interruption in the process of shifting, the shift in the process of speed performance is not good.AMT mechanical gearbox, its basic structure and conventional manual gearbox consistent, generally only one input shaft and an output shaft (RWD usually a middle shaft), which generally is the input shaft 5 forward gear and output shaft gear is in constant mesh state, wherein the output shaft of the 1 gear and a reverse gear, 2 block and the 3 block, 4 block and 5 block were shared by the three shift fork. The mechanism of two adjacent gear with a shifting mechanism, when the shift action, fork need once upon a gear defect, through neutral to the next gear gear meshing, due to three actions is the order, even if each action will be the time to a minimum, is still very difficult to obtain the shift speed fast enough."Independent innovation shift fork"The ISR gearbox has a unique structure, the gear arrangement it is different with the traditional AMT gearbox, also different from the dual clutch gearbox. The use of four independent shift fork, two stalls adjacent to the gear shift fork is composed of different control. Four independent fork respectively control 1 gear and reverse gear; block 3 and block 5, block 2 and block 4, block 6 and block 7, that is to say, from 1 until 6 block, two adjacent stalls are composed of two independent fork to respectively control.Because of this design, the shifting process can be further shortened: when two adjacent gear to gear switch, a shift fork and the current gear gear detachment, another gear meshing has already started, and a shift fork action and activates the electronic clutch three, because the action is almost synchronously, so that the whole time shorten. Lamborghini is compared originally claimed, performance is very good before the generation of the E-gear sequential gearbox, shift speed upgrade 40%, shift speed of 50 milliseconds is close to F1 gearbox level.Gear shift mechanism of ISR is driven by the electric hydraulic pump, a maximum of 60 bar pressure ensures the necessary operating speed, 7 hydraulicvalve controls the gear shift mechanism of action, and the electric pump to provide power, double plate clutch tough also driven by hydraulic pressure, will be responsible for the torque of the 690Nm transmitted to the four wheels. Synchronizer gear ring is made from carbon fiber, not only wear but also reduce the overall quality of the gearbox.In the design process, the transmission is not only fast, shift quality is equally important, VOCIS design control procedure is also fully take into account the daily driving comfort. The gearbox can choose three kinds of work modes: Strada (Road) or full automatic mode can provide comfortable for shift operation oriented; Sport (motion) mode will postpone shifting node and provides a more rapid gear switch; Corsa (track) model can provide the best track shift strategy, the model can also provide the starting control, also is the ejection start function.1.2变速箱的换挡方式通常变速箱的分类为以下几种：手动变速箱普通自动变速箱/普通自动变速箱带手自一体CVT无级变速箱/CVT带挡位的变速箱双离合变速箱序列变速箱(1) 手动变速箱手动变速器，也称手动挡，英文全称为manualtransmission，简称MT，即用手拨动变速杆才能改变变速器内的齿轮啮合位置，改变传动比，从而达到变速的目的。
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变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计模板
1
毕业设计( 论文)
变速箱换挡叉的加工工艺及夹具设计
a
摘要
本次设计内容涉及了机械制造工艺及机床夹具设计、金属切削机床、公差配合与测量等多方面的知识。
拨叉的加工工艺规程及其铣叉口面与钻mm
Φ孔的夹
8.
15
具设计是包括零件加工的工艺设计、工序设计以及专用夹具的设计三部分。
铣叉口面以mm
Φ孔及其端面作为来定位
8.
15
基准, 以工件的另外一个端面作为辅助基准, 实现工件的完全定位, 夹紧则是经过调节螺母来实现; 钻mm
Φ孔以其端面
15
8.
作为定位基准, 夹紧则是由快换垫圈、螺母、心轴等组成。
关键词: 夹紧定位基准
i
Abstract
The design of the content relates to the machinery manufacturing technology and machine tool fixture design, metal cutting machine tool, tolerance and measuring and other aspects of knowledge.
Fork processing procedures and milling fork and drill Φ hole of fixture design is including machining 15
mm
8.
process design, process design and fixture design in three parts. Milling fork with diameter mm
Φ hole and end as to
8.
15
the locating datum to the workpiece, another end as auxiliary reference, realize the workpiece positioning, clamping is realized through adjusting nut; drill mm
Φ
15
8. hole and its face as a positioning reference, to achieve workpiece positioning, clamping is fast changing washer, nut, the mandrel.
Key words:clamping positioning datum
ii
目录
摘要..................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
Abstract.............................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
1 绪论.................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
1.1 课题的现状分析: .................................. 错误!未定义书签。
1.2 课题的研究目的及意义: ...................... 错误!未定义书签。
2 零件的分析 ..................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
2.1零件的作用............................................ 错误!未定义书签。
2.2零件的工艺分析........................... 错误!未定义书签。
2.2.1零件的功用、结构及特点 ......... 错误!未定义书签。
2.2.2该零件需要加工的表面大致分为错误!未定义书
签。
2.2.3尺寸和粗糙度的要求 .................. 错误!未定义书签。
2.2.4位置公差要求 .............................. 错误!未定义书签。
3 工艺规程设计 ................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
3.1确定毛坯的制造形式............................ 错误!未定义书签。
3.2基面的选择............................................ 错误!未定义书签。
3.3制定工艺路线........................................ 错误!未定义书签。
3.4机械加工余量、工序尺寸及公差的确定错误!未定义书
a
签。
3.4.1圆柱表面工序尺寸 ...................... 错误!未定义书签。
3.4.2平面工序尺寸 .............................. 错误!未定义书签。
3.4.3确定切削用量及时间定额: ........ 错误!未定义书签。
4 夹具设计 ......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
4.1问题的提出............................................ 错误!未定义书签。
4.2夹具设计................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
5 总结.................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
致谢..................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
参考文献 ............................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
b
1 绪论
1.1 课题的现状分析:
汽车变速器, 是一套用于来协调发动机的转速和车轮的
实际行驶速度的变速装置, 用于发挥发动机的最佳性能, 为满足现代人们对汽车适应节能、安全、舒适、高效、可靠方面不断提高的要求, 变速器的性能及换挡叉的操作简便、舒适度就尤为重要。
手动变速箱必须根据汽车运行条件的变化,由驾驶员随时变换挡位,要求驾驶员能对离合器踏板、油门踏板及变速操纵杆进行准确地协调配合,从而保证汽车具有良好的动力性和经济性,因此手动机械变速器换挡频繁、劳动强度大、会分散驾驶员的注意力,增加了不安全因素。
自动变速箱能根据路面状况自动变速、变矩,具有更好的驾驶性能、行驶性能、安全性能
普通的AMT变速箱, 较普通自动变速箱效率更高, 其基本结构是和传统的手动变速箱相一致的, 一般只有一根输入轴和一根输出轴(后驱车一般会多出一根中间轴), 其结构一般情况是输入轴上5个前进挡齿轮与输出轴齿轮处于常啮合状态, 其中输出轴上的1挡和倒档, 2挡和3挡, 4挡和5挡分别
共用三个换挡拨叉。
这种机构相邻两个齿轮使用同一个换挡
1。