定语从句介词加关系词

“介词+ which / whom ”引导的定语从句

1. 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词

与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出介词+关系代词”句型。

2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代

词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系畐U词有 where, when, why 等。

3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

一、基本构成

1. 介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系

代词只能用which (指物)或

whom(指人)，即：介词 +which/whom 。

(1)The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.

(2)The city in which she lives is far away.

(3)The little girl is reading a book ,in which there are many cartoons.

注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。

2. 在定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物);

that/who/whom (指人)作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略。如：

(1)The man (who/whom /that ) you spoke to is a teacher.

(2)The city (which/that ) she lives in is far away.

注:通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭

配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，女口： look for, look after, pay atte ntion to ,take care of ,

look forward to, liste n to 等。

This is the pen (that / which) you are look ing for.

The patient ( who/whom /that ) she is looking after is her father.

The words( that /which) we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.

There are fifty patients (who/whom/that )we must take good care of.

练习： Are these sentences right?

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.

(2) The man( who/that) you talked with is my frie nd.

(3) The man with who/that you talked is my friend.

(4) The pla ne in which we flew to Can ada is very comfortable.

(5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable.

⑹二、关系副词 when , where , why引导的定语从句。可用介词+ which "来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。

其中 when=表时间的介词(如：in， at,during等)+which ；

where=表地点的介词(如： in， at,on,under 等) +which ；

why=表原因的介词(如： for)+which

(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词 whe n引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词+ which来代替关系副词 when。

例如： I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when)

⑵当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词 where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词+ which来代替关系副词 where。

例如： This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where)

⑶当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词 why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。

例如： There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)

三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义(重中之重)

1. 一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。

I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)

2. 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。

This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)

3. 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。

This is my pair of glasses, without which_ I cannot see clearly.

例题：用介词+关系代词”的形式表示

1. Do you like the book ________ she lear ned a lot?

2. He paid the boy $10 for wash ing ten win dows, most _had n't bee n clea ned for at least a year.

3. The tower _________ p eople can have a good view is on the hill.

注意：介词+关系代词