病原学诊断与防治

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分离培养
isolation and cultivation
分离培养是微生 物学诊断的金标准， 是最可靠的传统诊断 技术。
（图为普通培养箱）
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厌氧罐
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厌氧袋
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Biochemical Reactions
基本原则
①用已知抗体检测未知抗原；
②用已知抗原检测未知抗体。
最简易的方法有玻片凝集等试
验。 常用的方法有：凝集试
验、沉淀试验、补体结合试验、
ELISA、免疫荧光等。
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Animal experiment
Anima Monkey
Sugar Fermentation H2S Test
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Citrate utilization
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Serological Assays
Detection antibody in the patient’s serum
A current infection should be
IgM positive
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Isolation & Culture: Colony
Size Shape Color Surface features
Smooth - Rough Transparency Hemolysis
Observing the movement of live bacteria
Stained microscopic observations
Gram stain
Acid-fast stain
Fluorescence stain
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A 4-fold or greater rise on antibody titer between the acute serum sample and the convalescent serum sample
Major drawbacks
A single IgG antibody titer is difficult to interpret because it is unclear whether it represents a current or a previous infection
Inoculation routes
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Intraperitoneal
Intravenous
Intracranial / intracerebral Intraspinal
Intranasal
Lavage
Morphological Protein and Nucleic acids Antibody
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标本的采集和送检六原则
无菌取材,避免杂菌污染
不同期不同标本
用抗生素以前
采集病变明显部位
标本必须新鲜 运送注意保存
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病原菌的检查程序
直接涂片镜检
初步诊断
分离培养
Morphological -- microscopic Molecular Serological
Laboratory diagnosis for viral infections
Morphological -- electron microscopic Isolation Molecular: nucleic acids and proteins Serological
reaction Serological assays
Animal experiment Virulence test antibiotics susceptibility
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Morphological
Non-stained microscopic observation
Dark-field microscopy
the convalescent sample is usually taken 10-14 days after the acute sample. By this time, the patient has often recovered and the diagnosis becomes a retrospective one
Some exceptions
In certain diseases, a single titer of sufficient magnitude
can be used as presumptive evidence of a current
inf2e3ction
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免疫学试验
Laboratory diagnosis for fungal infections
Morphological -- microscopic
Isolation
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Laboratory Diagnosis for Bacterial Infections
第一篇 微生物学基础
第八章 病原学诊断与防治
Laboratory Diagnosis and Prevention Principles
第一节 细菌学诊断 第二节 病毒学诊断 第三节 真菌学诊断 第四节 特异性预防与治疗
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Outline
Laboratory diagnosis for bacterial infections
生化试验
血清学试验
动物试验
明 确
分子生物学技术 药物敏感试验
诊
断
其他检测技术
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Bacteriological Diagnosis
Identifying the organism
Pathogenesis & antibiotics susceptibility
Morphological Isolation & culture Biochemical