20世纪英国文学

• • • • • • • • • • • • •
major works: Departmental Ditties and Other Verses《分类的歌曲》 Seven Seas《七海》 The Five Nations《五国》 The Jungle Book 《森林之书》 Just So Stories《如此故事》 Plain Tales from the Hills《山中的故事》 Soldiers three《三个士兵》 Life's Handicaps《生命的阻力》 Many Invebtions《许多发明》 The Light That Failed《消失的光芒》 Captain Courageous《勇敢的船长》 Kim《吉姆》
• • • c • • • • •
John Galsworthy约翰 高尔斯华绥 1867-1933
English novelist and playwright Galsworthy became known for his portrayal of the British upper middle class and for his social satire. 1932 win Nobel Laureate in Literature for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga.
His Major works
• • • • • • • • • Novels: The Forsyte Saga《福尔赛世家》 1.The Man of Property《有产业的人》 2.In Chancery《骑虎》 3.To Let《出租》 A Modern Comedy《现代喜剧》 1.The White Monkey《白猿》 2.The Silver Spoon《钥匙》 3.Swan Song《天鹅之歌》
1.Historical Background
WW ( Word War One一战)
Economic depression and worker's movement. (经济萧条和工人运动) Irish nationalist movement （民族解放运动） WW （二战）
2.Cultural Background
Some terms
• • • • • • • • • • Symbolism 象征主义 Expressionism表现主义 Surrealism超现实主义 Futurism未来主义 Dadaism达达主义 Imagism意象主义 Stream of consciousness意识流 Existentialism存在文学 Theatre of absurd荒诞派戏剧 Black humor黑色幽默
Joseph Conrad(约瑟夫康拉德) 1857-1924
• • • • • • • • • •
《美国人》The American (1877） 《欧洲人》The Europeans (1878) 《金碗》The Golden Bowl (1904） 《鸽翼》The Wings of the Dove (1902) 《悲惨的缪斯》The Tragic Muse (1890) 《华盛顿广场》Washington Square (1880) 《黛西· 米勒》Daisy Miller (1878)(中篇小说) 《使节》(或译:奉使记)The Ambassadors (1903) 《一位女士的画像》The Portrait of a Lady (1881) 《丛林猛兽》The Beast in the Jungle (1903)(中篇小说)
• That's All • Thank You
•
——by 七组
Sea novels: The Nigger of the Narcissus《白水仙号上的黑家伙》 Typhoon and Other Stories《台风集》 Youth and Two Other Stories《青春集》 Jungle Novels: Lord Jim《吉姆爷》 Heart of Darkness《黑暗的心灵》 Political Novels: Nostromo《诺斯特罗莫》 The Secret Agent《特务》 Under Western Eyes《在西方的注视下》
Байду номын сангаас
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
His Major works
1)Romances and Fantasies Apair of Blue Eyes《一双蓝蓝的眼睛》 The Trumpet Major《号兵长》 2）Novels of Ingenuity Desperate Remedies《非常手段》 3）Novels of character and environment Far From the Madding Crowd《远离尘嚣》 The Return of the Native 《还乡》 Tess of the D'Urbervills《德伯家的苔丝》 Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》 Poems Wessex Poems《韦塞克斯诗集》 Epic Drama The Dynasts《统治者三部曲》
Rudyard Kipling(鲁德亚德 吉卜林) 1865-1936
Arnold Bennett(阿诺德 本涅特) 1867-1931
• • • • • • Major works: Anna of the Five Town《五镇的安娜》 Clayhanger《克莱汉格》 Hilda Lessways《希尔达 莱斯韦斯》 These Twain《老两口》 The Old Wives'Tale《老妇谭》
Thomas Hardy 托马斯 哈代 1840-1928
• the last and one of the greatest Victorian novelists and poets • one of the representatives of English critical realism and the turn of the 19th century
Realism in the 20th Century English Literature (20世纪英国现实主义文学)
•
二十世纪英国现实主义文学改变了维多利亚时 期那种高雅温和的倾向，加强了对英国社会的保 守性和虚伪性的批判，具有一种冷峻的直面人生 的特点。
Modernism(现代主义)
• • • • • • • • • • A reaction against realism Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernistlitrrature are the distorted,alienated and ill relationships between man and nature ,man and society ,man and man,man and himself The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public,more on the subjective than on the objective .
• New Theories and Ideas (新的思想和理论) • Darwin's Evolutionary Theory(达尔文的进化论)
• • • • • • • • Einstein's Theory of Relativity(爱因斯坦的相对论) Freud's Analytical Psychology(弗洛伊德的分析心理学) Karl Marks and Friedrich Engel's Theory of Scientific Socialism (马克思和恩格斯的科学社会主义理论) Arthur Schopenhauer'sPessimism(亚瑟 叔本华的悲观主义) Friedrich Nietzsche's Doctrines of Power and Superman (尼采的基督教精神及强权主义) Henry Bergson's Irrational Philosophy(伯格森的非理性主义哲学)
Henry James亨利 詹姆斯 1843-1916
Katharine Mansfield凯瑟琳 曼斯菲尔德 1888-1923
• • • • • • • • • • Major Works: Prelude《前奏》 Bliss and Other Stories《幸福集》 The Garden Party and Other Stories 《园会集》 The Dove's Nest and Other Stories 《鸽巢集》 Something Childish and Other Stories 《幼稚集》 The Daughters of the Late Colonel《已故中校的女儿》
English Novel of Early 20th Century
• The Realists: • The English realists at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th continued and developed the traditions of the brilliant school of critical realism. They sought for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life.In their works criticism of the bourgeois world reaches considerable depth and poigancy.The notable names among theminclude Butler,Meredith and wells.