(完整版)《物理专业英语》

新《物理专业英语》范围

单词篇

1 、加速度acceleration

2 、速度 velocity

3 、角速度 angular velocity

4 、角动量angular momentum

5 、热量 amount of heat

6 、热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics

7 、干涉 interference

8 、反射 reflection

9 、折射 refraction

10 、振幅 amplitude

11 、机械运动 mechanical motion

12、保守场 conservative field

13 、向心力 centripetal force

14、保守力 conservative force

15、摩擦力 friction force

16 、面积area

17 、体积 volume

18、阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant

19 、绝对零度 absolute zero

20 、电势能 energy of position

21、重力势能 gravitational potential energy

22 、重力场 the field of gravity force

23 、真空中的磁场 magnetic field in a vacuum

24 、电磁波 electromagnetic wave

25 、电流的相互作用interaction of current

1、（第3页）第四段的第3句

A typical problem of mechanics consists in determining the states of a system at all the following moments of time t when we know the state of the system at a certain initial moment to and also the law governing the motion.

翻译：机械运动的一个典型的问题的构成取决于一个系统在接下来的时间间隔t的状态，（因此）当我们知道了一个确切的最初的系统状态时，也可以知道运动的规律。

2、（第4页）第一段

A body whose dimension may be disregarded in the condition or a given problem is called a point particle (or simply a particle).

翻译：在一个给定的问题中，一个物体的形状和大小可以被忽略的情况被称为质点。

3、(第36页)第五段【注：选词和阅读会出】

For a stationary filed ,the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend only on the initial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved .Forces having such a property are called conservative.

翻译：对于恒定场，这个场的力对粒子所做的功只依赖于粒子的初位置和末位置，不依赖于粒子运动的路径。具有这一特性的力被称为保守力。

4、（第40页）第一行

A field of forces is called potential if it can be described with the aid of the function V(x,y,z,t), whose gradient [see the following section, Eq.(2.13)] determines the force at each point of the field:

F=∇V [compare with Eq.(2.32)].the function V is called the potential function or the potential.

翻译：一个力场被称为势场，如果可以借助函数V(x,y,z,t)来描述，[看下一部分，E.q.(2.31)]它的梯度决定力场中的每一个点：F=∇V[与(2.32)比较]。函数V被称为势函数或势场。

5、(第56页）第二段和第三段【注：翻译、选词、阅读会出】

In translation,all the points of a body receive displacements equal in magnitude and direction during the same time interval .Consequently, the velocities and accelerations of all the points are identical at every moment of time .It is therefore sufficient (足够的；充分的）to determine the motion of one of the points of a body (for example ,of its center of mass) to completely characterize the motion of the entire body.

翻译：在平动中，刚体上所有的点在相同的时间间隔内得到大小和方向都相同的位移。因此，所以的点的速度和加速度在各个时刻是相同的。因此充分的取决于用刚体上一点（例如，质心）的运动来完全描述整个刚体的运动特征。

In rotation,all the points of a rigid move along circles whose centers are on a single straight line called the axis of rotation.To describe rotation,we must set the position of the axis of rotation in space and the angular velocity of the body at each moment of time .

翻译：在转动中，刚体上所有的点沿着圆周运动的中心在一条单直线上被称为旋转轴。为了描述转动,我们必须设定空间中旋转轴的位置和刚体在各个时刻的角速度。

6、（第79页）第一段和第二段

The masses of atoms and molecules are characterized by（通过...来区分）using quantities known as the relative atomic mass of an element (the atomic mass in short) and the relative molecular mass of substance (the molecular mass).

翻译：原子和分子的质量通过使用质量来区分被称为元素的相对原子质量（简称原子质量）和物质的相对分子质量（简称分子质量）。

the atomic mass (Ar)of a chemical element is defined as the ratio of the mass of an atom of the element to

12(This is the symbol for the carbon isotope with a mass number of 12) .The

1/12 of the mass of the atom C

molecular mass (Mr) of a substance is defined as the ratio of the mass of a molecule of the substance to 1/12 of the

12. Their definitions show that the atomic and molecular masses are dimensionless

mass of the atom C

Quantities .