人教版高一英语必修3-UNIT1知识点详解练习

UNIT 1 Festivals around the worldGrammar:1. Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year.1) mean v意欲，打算，意味着mean-meaning-meaningful-meaningless考点释义：mean doing sth. 意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事mean + that 表示……be meant for=be meant to do sth 被普遍认为是....打算作……用; 为…而有What do you mean by.....你说的.....,.是什么意思.....mean adj.卑鄙的，吝啬的2)celebrate v.庆祝，颂扬，赞扬celebration n.庆祝celebrity n.名人，名声辨析celebrate/congratulatecelebrate+sth.(仪式、典礼、生日)，指庆祝令人欢乐的事情或日子congratulate+sb.祝贺某人做某事，congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth(2015武汉二模)The three sisters decided to hold a family party to _______ their parents’ silver wedding.A.celebrateThe other day, we got together to_________ _________ ________ the College Entrance Examination.(祝贺她通过)2. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. take place发生；举行(不能用于进行时态，不能用于被动语态)辨析take place, happen, occur, break out, come abouttake place:发生，举行；经过事先安排的事情happen:偶然发生，带有未能预见的意思。

Sth. happen(s) to sb.occur:发生，想起it occurs to sb. that.......break out:战争、火灾、疾病等突然爆发come about:发生，产生,常用于疑问句和否定句，多与how连用与place相关短语：in the first place （用于列举理由）首先，第一点in the last place 最后in one’s place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想in place 放在原来的位置，就位in place of =instead of 代替，用……而不用……take one’s place 找替某人接替某人的位置3. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.1) starve vt./vi 饿死，饿得要死starvation n. 挨饿，饿死starve to death/be starved to death 饿死starve to do sth 渴望去做某事starve for 渴望获得，迫切需要，缺乏be starving饿极了2)be+性质形容词+动词不定式主动意义表被动意义，常见形容词有easy, hard, difficult, impossible, pleasant, interesting, dangerous, comfortable等。

(2012辽宁高考)This machine is very easy___________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A.operating be operating operate(2010四川高考) In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant____________.A.to deal with with be dealt with with4. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.in memory of=to the memory of纪念，追念，怀念memory-memorize v. 记住have a good/bad memory for sth.善于记……/不善于记……bring back good memories引起对美好往事的回忆within sb.’s memory就某人记忆所及in+n.+of类型的短语in favor of=in support of支持，赞同；对某人有利in face of面临，面对in honor of为纪念……；祝贺……；为了向……表示敬意in celebration of 庆祝in praise of 赞美，歌颂In search of 寻找in charge of 负责，掌握in possession of 拥有，持有in need of 需要in place of=instead of 代替in terms of就....而言They named the school ___________ ___________ _________(为了纪念)him for his great contribution.Can you tell me who is________ ________ ________(负责)the whole company5. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.1) With+宾语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式现在分词：主动且正在进行的动作过去分词：被动且完成的动作动词不定式：将要发生的动作With time going by, we gained much experience. =As time went by, we gained much experience.2)in the shape of ....以某种形式，呈现某种形式in shape 处于良好状态out of shape 变形，走样With prices________(go) up so fast, we can afford luxuries.I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes __________(fix) on the ceiling.6. The western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.1) belief n.信心，信念---believe v.相信，信赖one’s belief is that....= it is one’s belief that....某人相信have(no) belief in (不)相信=.believe in sb.beyond belief 令人难以置信have/hold belief (that....) 相信......shake one’s belief in....动摇某人对....的信心2)origin-original adj.7. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’homes to ask for sweets.dress up盛装，打扮，装饰dress up as....打扮成dress sb./oneself 给....穿衣be dressed in 穿着get dressed=dress oneself 穿衣服(2015山东省实验中学期中)On Halloween, children in America like to_________ as ghosts to frighten people.A.take up up up up8.If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. trick n. play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人vt. trick sb. into doing sth 诱使/骗得某人做某事trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物拓展cheat sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事cheat sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物fool sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事make fun of 取笑laugh at 嘲笑play a joke/jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑9.In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World.arrival n.到来，到达者arrive v. 到达the arrival of....... ......的到达on one’s arrival in/at=on arriving in/at 一到达.....10.India has a national festival on October to honor Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.1) gain v. 获得，得到，受益n.收益，获利，财富gain independence from....脱离....而独立gain a reputation 获得声望gain weight/speed/time 增加体重/加快速度/赢得时间gain one’s respect/trust 获得某人的尊重/信任gain two minutes (钟表)快两分钟gain by/from...从……中获益gain in 在……方面有所增加或增长2) independence n.独立，自主---depend v.依赖depend on=reply on 依靠，依赖be dependent on 依靠，依赖be independent of 独立于；不受....约束It/that (all) depends. 那得视情况而定辨析gain,obtain,get,acquire, win(1)gain强调经过艰苦的努力而获得成果。