牡丹皮的化学成分和药理作用

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(2005209203　收稿)

180　牡丹皮的化学成分和药理作用

王祝举　唐力英　赫　炎

(中国中医科学院中药研究所　北京　100700)

摘　要　牡丹皮来源于毛茛科植物牡丹的根皮,其主要化学成分为酚类及酚苷类、单萜及单萜苷类,其他成分还有三萜、甾醇及其苷类、黄酮、有机酸、香豆素等。其药理作用主要有抗炎、抗菌、对心血管系统的调节作用、中枢抑制作用、影响免疫功能等。

关键词　牡丹皮　丹皮酚　芍药苷　抗炎　抗血栓

牡丹皮为毛茛科植物牡丹P aeon ia suf f ru ticosa A ndr.干燥根皮,是中医临床常用中药之一。牡丹是一种观赏花卉,广泛分布于世界各地,其根皮作为药用也有悠久的历史。牡丹皮始载于《神农本草经》,列为中品,在中国具有2000多年的药用历史。其现代研究始见于1887年,但直到20世纪50年代,牡丹皮的研究在化学和药理方面才有较大进展,特别是50年代以后,研究逐步深入,分离出来大量的化合物,并且进行了药效学、代谢及毒理学研究,为牡丹皮的临床药效和安全用药提供了有力的依据。现将牡丹皮的化学成分和药理作用研究进行综述,为进一步研究及开发提供借鉴。

1　化学成分

从牡丹皮中分离到的成分较多,但主要成分为酚及酚苷类、单萜及其苷类,其他还有三萜、甾醇及其苷类、黄酮、有机酸、香豆素等。

111　酚及酚苷类

酚及酚苷类是牡丹皮中含量较高的一类化合物,主要是以丹皮酚为母核所衍生的一系列苷类化合物。组成苷的糖只有葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖和芹糖3种单糖;有时糖上还连接了没食子酰基。除丹皮酚与糖缩合成苷外,没食子酸也直接与糖缩合成苷,如m u2