英语音标基础学习及练习Word版

英语音标学习

认识几个定义：

1、音素英语语音中最小的发音单位。

2、元音发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。

3、辅音发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。

4、音节说话时最小的语音片段。

一个可以为单个元音（如I/aɪ/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree /tri:/）。

单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。

5、开音节以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me, he等）；或

以不发音字母e结尾（如name, come等）。

6、闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如

it, pen, pick等）。

7、重读在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音

节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“’”表示。

8、清音和浊音（辅音）发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。

音标基础学习

一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个

元音

1. 长短：/i:/ /ɪ/ /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /U:/ /ʊ/

2. 大小：/e/ /æ/ /ɑ:/ /ʌ/

3. I组：/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/

4. U组：/əʊ/ /aʊ/

5. ə组：/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/

清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/

浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ /r/ /m//n/ /ŋ/ /ǀ/ /w/

/j/

注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化

后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/

二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音

a

1./ei/ name able cake table take date

2./æ/ apple cat map am match matter sad and angry

3./ɑ: / dance last pass plant

4./כ/ want what watch wash

5./ə/ a arrive along alike aloud

e

1./i:/ he she me evening meter

2./e/ elephant egg bed pen best get empty February next

then send

3./i/ enjoy English eleven because forest

i

1./ai / fine bike five ice climber hiking kind

2./i/ is sit miss pig picture interesting ill dinner him listen

pick river

o

1./əu / old home nose coke tomato tofu over hold piano

2./כ/ dog not clock box robot on from forest often stop

3./ʌ/ son month mother love young

4./u:/ who do whose

u

1./ju: / use usually excuse menu

2./ʌ/bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must

3./ u / put pull helpful

b /b/ book big bag box

c

1./k/ clean climb cup clock cook collect curtain clothes

2./s/ face nice pencil city cinema

d /d/ desk doll dog dad day don’t dish does deep

f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan fall fight favourite fruit funny

g

1./ɡ/ gun glass glad go get

2./dʒ / age orange village

h /h/ hat her house honey happy have heavier hurt hobby hospital

j / dʒ/jeep jacket jump Jan. July June

k /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake like

l

1./l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play

2./l/ apple bowl tell old tail whale

m /m/ am map my mouth milk

n

1./n/ no know new hand

2./ŋ/thank think thing uncle swing

p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policeman

q /kw/quite quilt quick

r /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror library

s

1./s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass

2./z/ nose those rose rulers season

t /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plant

v /v/five very seven village live

w /w/ we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter with

x /ks/ box six fox relax

y

1./ai /my fly why bye

2./ j / yes yellow young yesterday

3./ i /happy baby very windy snowy study

z / z / zoo zero

三、常见字母组合

（一）元音组合

ai /ei/ wait paint

ay /ei/ may play day say

air/εə / air hair chair

al /ɔ:/ tall small ball

ar /α: / farther farm car arm

ea ①/i:/ meat please tea read ②/e/ head bread ready ③/iə/ theater ear ①/ iə / ear hear near ②/εə/ bear ③/ə:/ earth

ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep