省译法

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4)人称代词作主语,有时要省译:
a)汉语的习惯是前面有主语,后句仍
为同一主语,就不必重复出现。而英语 中通常每句都有主语,因此人称代词作 主语往往多次出现,这种人称代词汉译 时常常可以省略。

He was tired and weary and he looked miserable.
他疲惫不堪,(…)看上去一副可怜相。 When I sing, I sing off-key. 我一唱歌就走调。
Let
me try:
1) One must make painstaking effort before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. 2)When the students finished all the books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it.
3)It’s your pen, I found it on the playground. 4)He is playing football now, we all see him.
5)Each teacher is given a laptop, have you got it?
1)One must make painstaking effort before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. 要掌握好一门外语,非下苦功不可。 2) When the students finished all the books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it. 学生们看完了随身带的书,就打开饭盒吃起来。 3)It’s your pen, I found it on the playground.

一般说来,汉语较英语简练。英译汉时,
许多在原文中必不可少的词语要是原原本 本地译成汉语,就会出现沉词赘语现象。

The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them.
他越是想要掩盖他的错误,就越是容易暴露。

If you want to kill a snake you must hit it on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader. 打蛇先打头,擒贼先擒王。

这是你的钢笔,我在操场上找到的。
4)He is playing football now, we all see him.


他在踢足球,我们都看见了。
每个教师都发了一台手提电脑,你拿到了吗?
5)Each teacher is given a laptop, have you got it?
定语的省译
中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。 The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。 翻译有增必有减。减译法是增译法的反面。 就同一个译例来说, 英译汉如使用了增译法, 回译成英语时自然要用省译法, 反之亦然。

所谓减词法/省译法,是指不译出原文中的

我们对过去的历史应有所了解。
We should know a little of our past history. We should know a little of our history. (√)


再如:
这个地区遭受了严重的自然灾害。
The people in the region suffered a serious natural disaster. (×) The people in the region suffered a natural disaster.

物主代词在汉语里远不如英语里用得多。 在英语里凡是说到一个人的器官和归他所 有的或与他有关的事物时,总要在前面加 上物主代词。而这些物主代词从汉语的角 度来看通常是多余的。例如:
He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.



2)英语中人称代词作宾语,如果汉译后显 出在它句中是个多余的词,可以省译。
Please excuse me, but I have to. 请原谅(我),不过我不得不这样做。 Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。 Electrical leakage will cause a fire; hence you must take good care of it. 漏电会引起火灾,因此必须注意。 Let them blockade us. Let them blockade us for eight or ten years! By that time all of China’s problems will have been solved. 封锁吧,封锁十年八年,到那时候中国的一切 问题就都解决了。

强调句可译成

“ (正/才)是… ”
It was the blue car that passed over the bridge.
正是那辆蓝色的汽车驶过了那座桥。 It is the people who are really powerful. 人民才是最强大的。 3)“It”一般用法是指人以外的事物,但作 主语指人时,要省译。 ---Who is it? ---It’s me. ---是谁呀?---是我。 ---Is it Mr. Wang? ---No, it is Dr. Green. ---是王先生吗? ---不,是格林大夫。
某些词, 因为译文中虽无其词已有其义或 在译文中是不言而喻的。

但是,省译决不是删去原文某些思想内容。
其实 , 省译就是把原文中需要而在译文中
不需要的词在翻译过程中省去不译。翻 译时每个词都不放过的话,译文的可读 性就会受到影响。
When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 气压低,沸点就低。

1)“It”做主语表时间、距离、自然现象, 通常省译。例如: What time is it? It is half past four. It is a long way from here to the zoo. 2)“It”作形式主语或强调句“It” ,要省译。 “It”作形式主语时,本身不指任何事物,只 在句子结构上代替真实主语,维护句子结构 的完整。 It’s no use quarrelling now. 现在争论是没用的。

为了简练,英语常使用省略。英语省略的类 型很多,有名词的省略,动词的省略,有句 法方面的省略,也有情景方面的省略。在并 列结构中,英语往往省略前面已出现过的词 语,而汉语则往往重复这些省略了的词。 Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇敢过度即成蛮勇,感情过度即成溺爱, 节俭过度即成贪婪。 男人用眼睛看女人,而女人用心灵看男人。 A man sizes up a woman with his eyes while a woman with her mind.
Liquids have no definite shape, yet they have a definite volume. 液体没有一定的形状,但()有一定的体积。 Dr John resumed his experiment as soon as he came into the laboratory. 约翰博士一到实验室( )就继续做实验。



b)泛指的英语人称代词做主语时,即使是 作第一个主语,译文中往往也可以省略。
We live and learn. (…)活到老,学到老。 We eat to live, but not live to eat. (我们)为生存而吃饭,而不应该为吃饭而生存。 We cannot see sound waves as they travel through air. 声波在空气中传播时,是看不见的。 You want the horse to run fast and yet you don’t let it graze. Isn’t it ridiculous! 又要马儿跑得快,又要马儿不吃草,简直可笑!



知识产权,不光要使领导者知道,干部知道, 还要使广大人民群众知道。 Intellectual property right must be made known not only to the leaders and to the cadres but also to the broad masses of the people. (×) Intellectual property right must be made known not only to the leaders and to the cadres but also to the masses.

汉语也有重复啰嗦、拖泥带水的现象,省译 法同样也适应汉译英的某些情况。 汉语很多时候需要靠加词来说明,而英语则 更多靠一个词的内在含义。 财政赤字 → (financial) deficit 广大群众 → (broad) masses 财政收入/税收 → (financial) revenue
英 汉 翻 译 理 论 蔡主 与 子讲 实 亮 践
翻译理论与实践
英译汉常用的方法和技巧:
减词法/省译法
(Omission)


试译以下句子:
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.

省译一般Baidu Nhomakorabea于译文语法和习惯表达法的需
要。比如,汉语没有冠词,代词(尤其人 称代词、关系代词)、连词、介词用得也 远比英语少。例如:
He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他双手插进口袋,然后耸了耸肩。 You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it. 不会制图或看不懂图纸,就不可能造船、架 桥或盖房子。

省译法/减译法
1、主语的省译 2、宾语的省译 3、定语的省译 4、连接词的省译 5、冠词的省译 6、介词的省译 7、其他
主语的省译

一般来说,句子的主语是要译出来的。但有 时为了使译文前后句子意思紧凑或者为了使 译文前后句子主语能清楚表达出来,就要省 译主语。


宾语的省译
英语句子中被省译的宾语,通常是代词。汉 语为避免用词重复,使行文简洁,通常把多 余的宾语省略。 1)“it” 作形式宾语要省译: “It”作形式宾语本身不指任何事物,只在句 子结构上起宾语作用,代替后面真实宾语。 例如:

Jack thought it no use writing this. 杰克认为写这个东西是无济于事的。
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