句子结构专题初二英语句子成分及句子结构分析

专题---句子成分

句子的成分

句子的类型

五种基本句型

A dog bites a man.

A man bites a dog.

分析句子：①英文有固定语序。

②词与词之间位置改变往往会使句子的意思也发生变化。

英文中最基本的语序是“主语+谓语动词+宾语”。

句子的成分

认识一些基本概念

主语：是句子要说明的人或物。一般由名词、代词、不定式，动名词充当。

Telling a lie is wrong.

Learning a foreign language takes a long time.

谓语：说明主语的动作、状态、或特征，表示“干什么，是什么，怎么样？谓语和主语要在“人称”和“数”两方面必须保持一致。

He goes to work every day.

They are swimming.

We must work hard at English.

宾语：表示行为动作的对象，是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、或动

名词、不定式充当。

The child needs help.

I hope to see you again.

Tom likes swimming.

宾语补足语：有些动词若只带一个宾语，句子意义还不是很完整，须另带一

部分来说明宾语的情况或状态，这一部分就叫宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足

语合称为

复合宾语：

We found the story quite interesting.

We asked him to help us.

状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，也可以修饰整个句子。通常由副

词、介词短语、分词、不定式、从句来充当。

He was born in Shanghai in 1990.

Suddenly it began to rain.

定语：用来修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句来充当。有前置定语和后置定语之分。

Our classroom is clean and bright.

The man in a brown jacket is my father.

简单句五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型，关键在于谓语动词。

主+系+表(S+V+P)

Time is money.（时间就是金钱）

主+谓(S+V)

Time flies.（时光飞逝）

Time brings us experience.（时间带给我们经验）

主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)

The little boy grew up.间接宾语和直接宾语合起来叫双宾语。

主+谓+宾(S+V+O)

He lent me ten yuan.

主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)

It makes him happy.

I found this answer wrong.

句子结构练习

练习1.指出下列句中划线动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物填vt.，不及物填vi.

1.Most birds can fly.（）

2.The children are flying kites in the park.()

3.It happened yesterday.（）

4.My watch stopped.（）

5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother.()

6.She spoke at the meeting this morning.（）

7.Shall I begin at once?（）

8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）

9.When did they leave Beijing?（）

10.They left last week.（）

练习2.先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中的错误，并说明原因。

1.Get up early is good for our health.早起有利于我们的身体健康。

2.I want go home now.我现在想回家。

3.My favorite sport is play football.我最喜爱的运动时踢足球。

4.There is a bird sings in the tree.有一直鸟正在树上唱歌。

5.The boy sits over there likes singing.坐在那边的那个男孩喜欢唱歌。

6.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。

8.My parents wanted him work hard.我父母亲想让他努力学习。

9.I saw him walked into the building.我看到他跑进那座建筑物。

练习3.判断下列句中划线不是是否是宾语补足语。(是的填T，不是的填F)

1.I want him to come at once.()

2.He lent me some money.()

3.He made the boy cry again.()

4.The teacher found him cheating in the exam.()

5.Don’t leave the door open at night.()

练习4.在下面句子的主语下面划横线。

1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.

7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.

9.That he isn’t at home is not true

练习5.划出下列句中的表语。

1.Our teacher of English is an American.