高中英语选修八unit1单词导学案

B8-U1 词汇学习

1. distinction n.差别；区分；卓著

①There is a fine distinction betw een the two words.

②We should make a distinction between right and wrong.

③Employers should hire men and women without distinction.

④Michael graduated with distinction from Hami senior high school.

distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct in ...from ... 在某方面与……不同⑤Shakespeare在写作风格上与鲁迅截然不同

2. live on 继续活着,继续存在；住在…上；以…为食

1. She lived on for many years after her husband died.

2. These traditions will live on for centuries.

3. The people find it hard to live on. 民不聊生.

[短语归纳] live短语：

live on sth 以某物为食,靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生live a... life 过着……的生活

3. means n．手段；方法(单复数同形)

①Every possible means has been tried，but none worked.

＝All possible means have been tried，but none worked.

各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。

by this means by means of by all means by every means by no means by any mean

(1)by means of 借用，依靠

We express our feelings by means of words.

(2)by no means＝not at all一点……也不

By no means am I satisfied with my present job.

(3)by this means通过这种方式

You can do it by this means.

(4)by all means 可以，当然行，务必

—May I use your bicycle?

—By all means！

练习：

1．But by no means _____ with my progress.（老师绝不会对我的进步满意）

2．The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house ________ a ladder.

3．She couldn’t speak，but made her wishes known ________ sign.

4. —Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child?

—Yes，________.

4. in additionadv. 另外；除此之外；并且；况且

①位于两个句子中间，放在从句的句首，后面接完整的句子。许多词可以和它替换，如：

additionally，furthermore，besides。

② In addition位于句末，相当于“as well”

（1）You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence.

（2）Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition.

玛丽为我们去郊游准备了三明治，另外还准备了一袋曲奇。

In addition to整个词组相当于一个介词，所以to的后面要接名词性成分做宾语。

In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas. 除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。

In addition to the killed and wounded, many were missing.

除了伤亡之外，还有许多人失踪。

5. majority n．大多数；大半(反义词minority少数；少数民族)

major adj.&n.较大的，主要的；主修，专攻

be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数

A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.

The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.

(1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。

The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。

The majority were/was against the plan.大多数人反对这个计划。

(2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。

The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.

The majority of the damage is easy to repair.

6. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉

短语归纳] keep短语：

keep up with sb/sth.

keep (on) doing sth.

keep away from

keep sb back from sb/sth

keep sth. back

keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth keep sth from sb keep off (sb/sth) keep sb/sth out (of sth) keep in touch with keep fit

7. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

come to life

live/lead a．..life come back to life bring...back to life make/start a new life make a living by

①Some people from the country find it hard to in big cities.

一些来自农村的人发现很难习惯大城市的生活。

②They moved out West to there.他们迁往西部去开始新生活。

③And anyway he was dead. Nobody could him .

总之，他已经死了。没有人能使他复活。

④The old couple selling vegetables.这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。