物流英语期末考试翻译复习
物流英语考试复习
物流英语一、单词翻译：Vendor供应商、Exporter出口商、Airline航空公司、Means of transport and route运输方式和路线、Net weight净重、Measurement尺码Goods商品、collect由收件人付款、L/C信用证、manifest载货单、cost-effective 节约成本的、berth 停泊处，锚位、TEU标准箱、lanes线路、logistics物流、Shipper托运人，发货人，货主、Consignee收件人、agent代理商、Vessel船、Container集装箱、Gross weight毛重、quantity数量、Commodity商品，货物、Cargo货物，船货、prepaid预付、Total总数、Consolidation集中托运、B/L海运提单、Contract合同、Letter of credit信用证、Stow堆装，理舱、trim整理、Dunnage衬垫、hatch舱口、demurrage 滞留费、rail铁轨，横栏，栏杆stipulate规定、endorse背书、exempt免税者、claim声称，索赔二、短语翻译1.Signature of authorized signatory授权签约方签名2.Number and kind of description of goods package 商品包装的数量和种类描述3.Country/region of destination 目的地国家或地区4.Final destination 最终目的地5.Original of certificate 原始凭证6.customs invoice 海关发票7.packing list 装箱单8.in words 口头上9.Declared value for carriage 运输声明价值10.agent’s IATA code 代理人国际航空运输代号11.Place and date 地点和日期12.Airport of departure 启运机场13.bill of lading 提货单mercial invoice 商业发票15.weight list 重量单16.Airway bill航运收据17.in figure / in words 小写或大写18.Declared value for customs 海关申报价值19.Said to contain 据称内装20.Marks & numbers 唛头和号码21.on the strength of 基于…22.be liable for有…义务23.in accordance with 与…一致24.insurance premium 保险费25.dead freight 空舱费26.Force majeure 不可抗力27.in apparent good order and condition外表状况良好28.in addition 此外ply with 遵守30.with a view to 考虑到，以…为目的三、电讯翻译1、ORDER AL41061 ACCEPTED SEPTEMBER SHIPMENT OPEN L/C第AL41061号定单已经同意，请于九月份进行货运并开出信用证。
物流英语翻译
汉译英Unit61.仓库的主要功能之一是将零散货物拼装成整担进行运输，从而大量节约运输成本。
The one of primary functions is to consolidate smaller shipments into a large shipment with significant transportation savings.2.交叉理货是一项完成产品组合功能而进行的操作。
在此项操作中，供货商的产品以整车的数量运到仓库。
这些产品不是被储存起来等待以后的分拣，而是越过仓库运到等待装运的货车上以便送到特定的客户手中。
Cross-docking is an operation that facilitates the product-mixing function. In across-docking operation, products from different suppliers arrive in truckload lots, but instead of being placed into storage for later picking, they are moved across the warehouse area to waiting trucks for movement to particular customers.3.传统的仓库只有储存的功能。
随着商业经济的发展，传统的仓库已经无法满足现代商业快速转变的需求。
因此，它们已经变成了配送中心或者立体自动化仓库。
配送中心实现以下功能：收货，入库，分拣和配送。
在仓库的规划设计中，应该遵循便于产品穿过仓库连续向前流动这一原则。
这种直线式的产品流动提高了运作的效率，并将拥堵和冗余降到了最低水平。
The only function of traditional warehouse is to storage cargo. With the development of commercial economy, the traditional warehouse has been unable to satisfy the demands of modern commercial rapid change. In consequence, they have changed into the distribution center or three-dimensional warehouse automation. Distribution center is to facilitate the following functions: receiving, put-away, order picking and shipping. The warehouse layout and design should follow the principle which is to use straight-line or direct flow of goods into and out of the warehouse to improve the efficiency of operation and drop congestion and redundancy to the lowest level.（My answer）The main function of an old-fashioned/a traditional warehouse is to store goods. As a result of the modern commerce development, traditional warehouse failed to satisfy the requirements for the rapid changes of contemporary business. Therefore, it has developed into a distribution center which providers/offers the functions as follows: receiving, storing, replenishing, picking and delivering.Unit71.对于今天的企业来说，它们的一项首要任务是找出新的、创造性的方法来减少关键业务过程中的成本，这也包括那些与物流相关的业务。
物流英语考试复习资料
PART 1.VOCABULARY 1*10=10PART PLETE THE STATEMENTS WITH A PROPER WORD CHOSEN FROM THE BOX 1*10=10PART 3.TERMS AND CONCEPTS 2*5=10PART 4.SHORT ASNWER QUEESTIONS 5*4=20PART 5.READING COMPREHENSION 2*15=30PART 6.ESSAY WRITING 20PART 1.VOCABULARY 1*10=101、Physical and packages’ strength are important considerations of packagedesign.2、3、order cycle is also known as replenishment （补货）cycle.4、Relevant costs of transport service include items such as fuel, labor,5、The customer can minimize its inventory level if lead time is fixed.6、warehouse space is usually the most obvious and easiest to fill ,that is whywarehouse operations must utilize（利用）the vertical space （垂直空间）effectively in order to be efficient7、8、Reducing commodity（货物）9、（劳动密集型） to a capital-intensive（资本密集型） operation10、Carriers quote freight rates in cwt (cents per hundredweight).11、include shrink-wrap （收缩膜包装）, air bubble , cellulosewadding（纤维填絮）, corrugated paper（瓦楞纸）and plastics.12、Automatic scanners（自动扫描）13、Materials handling equipment should use gravity as much as possible and minimize the ratio of （比）14、Concealed damage（藏匿损坏）is not detected until the package is opened.15 、The trade-off logic studies the relationship between two conflicting practices or operations such aslarge quantity purchase price discount and high inventory levels.1.2.r eplenishment cycle.3.4.5.Warehousing can allow a firm into a large shipment, with significanttransportation savings.6.mixing for customer orders, protection7.8.customer service.9.process that plans, implements and controls the efficient,10.11.（传送带）12.the most obvious and easiest to warehouse13.14.Relevant costs of include items such as furl, labor, maintenance, ofequipment, and administrative costs.15.required to complete the modal transfer.\16.17.18.19.20.equipment and minimize the ratio21.22.23.24.and package’s strength are important considerations of package design.25.Practice of using external activities that have traditionally beenperformed within an organization itself26.a carrier27.28.The acquisition of goods or services29.A production strategy that strives to improve a business return on investmentinventory and associated carrying costs, also called the Toyota Production System30.The process of contracting a business function to someone else, involves the abusiness function-commonly one previously performed in-house to an external provider31.A flat transport structure that supports goods instorage efficiencies32.conditions in a set period of time (usually one hour)33.Value given up as a result of not taking certain action34.reduc e the likelihood of this due to the vendor’s lead time, which causeinterruptions to sales or deliveries35.specifying terms of delivery36.：37.38.A practice in logistics of unloading material from an incoming semi-trailer truck or railroad car andloading into outbound trucks, trailers, or rail cars, with little or no storage inbetween39.tons, or passengers40.：i nbound l ogistic41.in order to gain a tax deduction that will lower total tax liability42.by various modes43.may be common characteristics or common needs and desires：44.the requirement) tothe moment it is received by the customer1、a measure of uncertainty in carrier performance : the usual differences that occur between shipments byvarious modes :2、process of dividing the market according to similarities that exist among the various subgroups（亚组）3、The time from the moment the customer places an order (the moment you learn of the requirement) to the4、one to whom a carrier may lawfully make delivery in accordance with（与什么一致）his contract of5、a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or other companies and may also act as a6、The process of contracting a business function to someone else, involves the contracting out of a business7、a production strategy that strives to improve a business return on investment by reducing in –process8. Practice of using external organizations to execute（执行）logistics activities that have traditionally been9.Economic principle that as the volume of production increases, the cost of producing each unit decreases, therefore, building a large factory will be more efficient than a small factory because the large factory will10. the acquisition（获得物）is an important aspect of customer service in logistics13.14. Warehousing can allow a firm shipment into a large shipment, with significant transportation savings.15. Order processing, billing and invoicing（开发票）, product returns and claims handling are all typical exampleso ………), or out-of-stock (OOS) event is an event that causesinventorytobe exhausted. Reorderthe vendor's lead time, which cause interruptions to sales or deliveries.18. Adocumentissuedbyacarrier to a shipper, listing and acknowledging receipt of goods for transport and specifying terms of delivery bill of ladingPART 4.SHORT ASNWER QUEESTIONS 5*4=201、what are the components of JIT systems?Zero inventory zero defects（零缺陷）Short lead time small and frequent replenishment2、Give an example of both dependent demand（独立需求）and independent demand（非独立需求）Automobiles（汽车）, tires（轮胎）; Computer, keyboard3.state some inventory-related costs:Capital. Storage space Inventory service Inventory risks4、what are the three stock location criteria（标准）?Popularity Unit size（产品尺寸）Cube（立方）5、state 3 principles in warehouse designOne-story facility ,minimize aisle（通道）space ,efficient materials-handling equipment and so on6、state 3 principles of material handling.1)gravity principle;2)automation principle;3)space utilization principle;4)standardization principle.7、Which operations have a great impact on the warehouse layout and design（布局设计）? movement and storage（移动和仓储）8、state 4 dimensions of material handling（物料运输）Time Space Quantity Movement9、which 4 categories（分类）can freight carriers fall into ?Common Private Exempt（免税的）contract10、which factors affect the rates of transportation?Distance V olume or weight of the shipment Cost or value of the service11、3 forms of physical inventoriesRaw materials Work-in –process Finished goods1.State 4 dimensions of materials handling2.Which 4 categories can freight carriers fall into3.Which factors affect the rates of transportation4.What are the 3 forms of physical inventories5.State some inventory-related costs6.Give an example of both dependent demand and independent demand7.What are the 4 components of JIT systems / what are the 4 elements underpinning the JIT concept8.Which operations have a great impact on the warehouse layout and design9.What are the 3 stock location criteria10.List at least 3 principles in warehouse designReview for logistic English>>Topic 2: order management & Customer Service●learning points☐To have a working knowledge of order management and customer service in logistics;☐To describe how a company processes the incoming orders and the four elements of the order cycle;☐To discuss the major elements comprising logistics customer service;☐To explain how the customer service is measured.*Order Management( Page 23-24)How a firm handles incoming orders → the activities that take place in the period b/t the time a firm receives an order and the time a warehouse is notified to ship the goods to fill that order → an important component of a firm’s Management Information System (MIS).●Order Cycle☐Order placement（订单生成）– increasing use of Internet-facilitated ordering such as e-marketplace, extranets（外联网）and email while the use of EDI and phone/fax to place orders is declining☐Order processing （订单处理）– checking customer credit, transferring information to sales records, sending the order to the inventory and shipping area, preparing shipping documents☐Order preparation（订单准备）– preparing orders for shipment with the help of real-time information☐ Internet-based information system has made it possible for customers to track and trace shipments●Customer Service (Page 24-28)3 principal ways to define customer service:☐Customers service as an activity☐Customers service as performance measures☐Customers service as a philosophy（哲理）●Definition(Page 25)Customer service is a process of providing competitive advantage and adding benefits to the supply chain in order to maximize the total value to the ultimate （最终的）customer.●Dimensions of Customer Service (Page 26)1)Time, 及时性2)Dependability / reliability,可靠性3)Communication,沟通4)Convenience便利☐Time– order cycle time; lead time; replenishment time;☐Dependability / reliability – It is possible for customers to minimize the inventory level if lead time is fixed. There is no need for s afety stock to guard against stockouts resulting from fluctuating（波动的）lead time. unsafe delivery →inventory carrying costs, failing just-in-time (JIT) program; incorrect orders → potential lost sales or production;☐Communication –①transferring order information to the order-filling area (warehouse) ; ②picking the ordered items out of inventory;☐Convenience–palletize / pallets / palletization; market segmentation (细分市场)●How logistics customer service is measured( Page 29)☐Order entry订单录入☐Order documentation accuracy订单文件的准确性☐Transportation☐Inventory and product availability库存和产品的可得率☐Product damage☐Production / warehousing processing time生产/仓库的作业时间Give an example to illustrate the following statement:“The shorter and more consistent the order cycle is, the less inventory is needed by one’s customers.”Topic 3: Packaging & Material Handling●Learning points☐Role of packaging in logistics1.Definition of packaging2.Packaging materials3.Bar coding☐Objectives of material handling1.Guidelines and principles2.Materials-handling equipment●Role of Packaging☐ A concern to marketing, production and legal: sales tactic（策略）, cost, transport and environmental rules/regulations☐Product information on the package: color codes, universal product codes, computer-readable tables, symbols and number codes☐Handling ease:1. physical dimensions (package size);2. package’s strength;3. package shape☐Protection: contamination（污染）, water damage, temperature changes, pilferage, shocks and weight support / distribution in handling and transport☐Packaging designed to reduce tampering（篡改）●Definition of Packaging1)Consumer / interior packaging – marketing2)Industrial / exterior packaging – logistics●Packaging MaterialsCushioning materials（缓冲材料）(against shock, vibration（震动）, surface damage):Shrink-wrap（收缩膜）, air bubble cushioning（气泡）, cellulose wadding（纤维填充物）, corrugated paper （瓦楞纸材料）, plastics (EPS, PU, PE, foam-in-place)●Bar Coding☐ A series of parallel（平行的）black and white bars, both of varying（不同的）widths, whose sequence （顺序）represents letters or numbers. A bar code carries important information such as a shipment’s origin, the product type, the place of manufacture and the price.☐Bar code scanners: automatic and handheld（自动和手动）☐Describe how bar code scanners work:Optical scanners（光学扫描仪）emit light beams（光束）and translate the reflections bouncing off （弹开）the black and white bars into electrical signals（电信号）which the scanner records as binary digits（二进制数字）of 1s and 0s.● 4 dimensions of materials handling——1Movement, time, quantity, space●Objectives of Material Handling(P42)1)Increase effective capacity of warehouse (focus on cubic / vertical space instead of floor/horizontalspace)2)Minimize aisle space (forklift trucks turning space)3)Reduce number of times product is handled4)Develop effective working conditions (safety concern)5)Reduce movements involving manual labor6)Improve logistics service (stock-keeping unit – SKU库存单位)7)Reduce cost●Principle of Materials Handling(Page 46)☐Optimize materials flow☐Gravity principle (utilize gravity wherever practical)☐Space utilization principle☐Automation principle (AGV)☐Standardization principle☐Deadweight principle (minimize ratio of deadweight to load)●Materials Handling Equipment☐Dock（码头）equipment:Forklifts（铲车）, dock bumpers, （装卸台车挡）dock levelers（装卸跳板）, dock seals, trailer restraint systems, pallets☐Other equipment:Conveyors: roller, wheel, belt, towline（拖链）Cranes（起重机）: bridge, stacker, wagon（货车）AGVs, double-pallet jack☐Order-picking and storage equipmentPicker-to-part: bin shelving, modular storage drawers, flow racks, mobile storage systems, order-picking vehiclesPart-to-picker: carousels, miniload automated storage and retrieval systems●Expressions in Material Handling(Page 58)HANDLE WITH CARE NO HOOKS DO NOT TURN OVER DO NOT DROPSTAND ON END FRAGILE PERISHABLE LIQUID●Introduction of multiple equipmentsStandard Pull-chain mechanical Dock LevelerDock levelers are used to bridge the gap between the dock and the trailer and adjust for any height differences.The pull-chain mechanical dock leveler is the most common type used.Hydraulic（液压的）Dock Leveler（装卸平台升降板）A step up from the mechanical dock leveler, the hydraulic dock leveler uses an electric pump（抽水机）and hydraulic cylinder to engage/disengage the dock leveler.This works from a remote switch which is generally mounted on the wall next to the dock.Docks with high volume will benefit from this automation.（自动化）Truck Restraint: ICC Bar TypeThe most dangerous aspects of loading and unloading trailers（拖车）is when a driver starts to pull away from the dock while he is still being loaded.The ICC Bar type restraints automatically engage the rear guard（后卫部队）on the trailer when it backs into the dock.After the trailer is loaded/unloaded the restraint is disengaged via a control panelTruck Restraint: Automatic Wheel TypeAnother automated truck restraint system, the wheel type system engages in front of the rear wheels（后轮）of the trailer.Elevating（升降机构）DocksElevating docks are used where a raised dock is not available.They operate via an electric pump and a hydraulic lift cylinder.Dock SealsDock seals come in a variety of configurations（配置）and are used to prevent air, dirt, insects, birds, and rain/snow from entering the building while loading and unloading trucks.Truck Types 2- Narrow aisle reach truckOther Names of reach trucks are: Stand-up reach, Straddle reach , Double-deep reachReach trucks are designed for racking areas only and do not work for loading trucks or quickly moving loads over distancesTruck Types 2- Reach truckNarrow aisle truck designed specifically for racked pallet storage.Double-deep version (shown) loads pallets 2-deep in special double-deep racking.Gravity Skate Wheel ConveyorGravity flow skate wheel conveyor is a low cost option for conveying lightweight cartons or trays.Used extensively in shipping/receiving and assembly areas, skate wheel conveyors reduce manual material handling of lightweight items over short distances.Gravity Roller ConveyorApplication for gravity roller conveyor is similar to that of gravity skate wheel.Its cost is a little higher and it is more effective where heavier items are being handled.Automated Belt ConveyorAutomated belt conveyer has similar applications to gravity roller and skate wheel.Single units can be incorporated into gravity conveyor systems to create a simple low cost semi-automated system.Flexible ConveyorUsed extensively in shipping/receiving operations for package handling, flexible conveyor is usually anchored at one end to fixed gravity or automated conveyor allowing the other end to be expanded and flexed into trailers for loading and unloading.Unit Load ConveyorUnit Load Conveyor is a heavy duty version of roller conveyor used for handling pallet loads or larger trays.High Volume Trailer LoadingThis shows an application of conveyor in high volume trailer loading/unloading.Sortation SystemsSortation systems are the key to large elaborate conveyor systems.The variety of sortation systems is extensive as are their applications.Horizontal CarouselHorizontal Carousels are used in high-volume small-parts picking operations.Generally, an operator will run 2 to 4 carousels at a time avoiding the need for the operator to wait while one unit is turning.Vertical CarouselsVertical Carousels consist of a series of horizontal trays on a vertical carousel.Vertical carousels are most effective when floor space is at a minimum and there is ample overhead clearance.Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS)A system of rows of rack, each row has a dedicated retrieval unit that moves vertically and horizontally along the rack picking and putting away loads.Towline (AGV=. 无人搬运车（Automatic Guided Vehicle）) systemTowline system is designed for movement of materials and products over paths.Topic 4: Transportation Mgmt●Learning points☐Importance☐Five basic modes☐ 3 Key factors of transport☐Single mode of transportation☐Inter-modal Services☐Classification of Carriers☐Bases for Rates☐Shipment Documentation (Domestic & Int’l)●Importance of Transportation☐40-50% of total logistics costs☐4-10% of the product-selling price● 5 Basic Modes of Transportation☐water, rail, truck, air and pipeline☐role of transportation agencies, shipper’s associations, brokers, freight forwarders● 3 Key Factors☐PriceRate: pickup at origin, delivery at destination, insurance, preparing for shipment, fuel, labor, maintenance, depreciation of equipment, administrative costs（行政费用）☐Transit time & variabilityAverage time it takes for a shipment to move from its point of origin to its destination;Variability — a measure of uncertainty in carrier performance☐Loss & DamageCarrier’s obligation（义务）; delayed shipments;damaged goods → inconvenience; inventory level●●Inter-modal Transport Services☐Birdyback（鸟背运输）, fishyback（鱼背运输）, piggyback （背负式运输）services☐Problems with multi-modal service: carriers’ reluctance（勉强）; transferability（可转移性）●Multi-modal Transport Services☐Containerization1.t are the advantages of using containers?2.Strengths in using containers: reducing handling costs, damage costs, theft and pilferage, time to transfer3.materials handling: labor-intensive → capital-intensive●Four categories of freight carriers----2☐Common Carrier公共承运人☐Contract Carrier合同承运人☐Exempt Carrier豁免承运人☐Private Carrier私营承运人●Common Carrier☐ A for-hire carrier that serves the general public at reasonable charges and without discrimination（区别）（填空词时考到该词）(railroads and pipelines)☐The most highly regulated●Contract Carrier☐Not serving the general public but serving one or a limited number of shippers with whom it is under specific contract;☐The contract: terms concerning the rates, liability, type of service and equipment;☐Rates: lower than those of common carriers☐Tailored / customized service; high service level●Exempt Carrier☐Carriers exempt from economic regulation regarding rates and services;☐Gaining the status by the commodity it hauls or by the nature of its operation;☐Examples: a motor carrier transporting agricultural products, newspapers, livestock（家畜）, fish; a rail carrier is exempt when hauling fresh fruit;●Private Carrier☐Not for-hire, not subject to gov’t economic regulations;Core biz(n. 商业（等于business）) is not transportation;☐An inter-corporate hauling fee●Bases for Rates-Factors affecting the rates ( revenue per ton-mile)——3☐Cost and value of service;☐Distance;☐Volume or weight of the shipment●Cost and value of service☐What cost basis to use1.Fully allocated / average total costs2.Average variable costs3.Marginal / out-of-pocket (现款支付的)costs☐Service Pricing – Rates vary by transported productHigh-value commodities can sustain（维持）higher transportation charges (a small portion of the selling price)●Distance☐Tapering rate principle:Rate increase is not directly proportional to distance. The rate increases as distance increases, but not linearly.☐Terminal costs (cargo handling（货物装卸）, clerical and billing) do not vary with distance. Carriers spread terminal costs over a greater mileage base.●Domestic Documentation☐Bill of Lading（B/L）提单☐Freight Bill运费清单☐Freight Claims货运索赔单☐FOB Terms of Sale FOB销售术语●Bill of Lading☐Certificate of title （产权证书）t o the goods☐Straight Bill of Lading (记名提单)Non negotiable（禁止转让的）instrument; consignee named☐Order Bill of Lading (指示提单)Negotiable instrument; the consignor retains security interest in the goods until the consignee pays the goods’ invoice value●Freight Bill (运费清单)☐Carrier’s invoice for the charges☐Listing the shipment, origin and destination, consignee, items, total weight, total charges, credit time period for payment;☐Prepayment is required if the carrier considers the commodity’s value is less than the freight charge.●Freight Claims (货运索赔单)☐ A document the shipper（发货人，托运人）files with the carrier to recoup（收回）monetary losses resulting from loss, damage or delay to the shipment or to recover overcharge payments☐Within 9 months of delivery☐Visible damage vs. concealed damage●FOB Terms of Sale (销售条款)☐①Who is to incur （招致）transportation charges; ②who is to control movement of the shipment;③where the title passes to the buyer☐FOB Delivered (目的地) – the seller☐FOB Origin (原产地) – the buyer●International Transportation☐Transportation DocumentsCarnet（通关卡）– known as duty-free import of goods passport , widely used internationally as a customs documents. indicating that the shipment has been sealed（封闭）at its origin and will not be opened until it reaches its final destination, passing in transit through intermediate customs points without inspection（检查）☐Universal airway billTopic 5: Inventory Mgmt●Learning points☐Inventory & Inventory Management☐Major Reasons for Carrying Inventory☐Major Types of Inventory-related Costs☐Approaches to Managing Inventory☐Distinctions among Various Approaches1.Two Forms of Demand2.Pull vs. Push3.System-wide（全系统）vs. Single-facility（单一系统）Solution☐Integrated（整合）Inventory Management: DRP, MRP and JIT●Inventory– or stock, in terms of supply chain management – is defined as the stored accumulation of material（材料）or components（部件）used in☐the inventory of partially produced products at various stages in the☐●☐Scale/Batching Economies & Cycle Stocks（规模经济和周转库存）acquisition, production and transportation; traditional long production runs/batches →cycle stock; concern about obsolescence（退化）of finished goods☐What is the trade-off logic?discount savings vs. inventory carrying costpurchase of raw materials & transportation rates●Why keep inventory?☐Uncertainty / Safety Stocks1.customer demand (hard to forecast)2.transportation3.supply shortage (stockouts)4.CPFR (Collaborative Planning, Forecast and Replenishment)☐In-Transit Stocks: modes of transport☐Work-in-Process Inventory: hours → days (auto and computer manufacturing)☐Seasonal Stocks (Page 93)1.Agriculture products – perishableCosts of holding items in storage1.Capital Cost（资本成本）– opportunity cost,hurdle rate（要求报酬率）(the minimum rate of return expected of new investments)2.Storage Space Cost – handling costs (in & out), rent, heating, lighting3.Inventory Service Cost – insurance & taxes4.Inventory Risk Cost – obsolescence and depreciation (fashion apparel, fruits &veges, computers &)☐ costs of replenishing inventory1.dollar amount per order, independent of order size.2.vary with the number of orders made.3.☐1.costs (info sys, tech, facilities) and variable costs (reviewing levels, orderpreparing and payment processing…)2.（流水作业线）☐ Associated with insufficient inventory.☐In-transit Inventory Carrying Cost●Two Forms of Demand——6☐Dependent——JIT & MRP1.Demand for items used to produce final products2.Tires stored at a Goodyear plant are an example of a dependent demand item☐Independent——DRP1.Demand for items used by external customers2.Cars, appliances, computers, and houses are examples of independent demand inventory●Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)☐EOQoptimal order quantity that will minimize total inventory costs☐Under what circumstances is EOQ to be applied?1.Demand (independent) is known with certainty and is constant over time2.No shortages are allowed3.Lead time for the receipt of orders is constant4.Order quantity is received all at once●Pull vs. Push☐Pull / Reactive approach (JIT)1.quick response to customer demand (independent);2.unable to coordinate （协调）the need for similar or identical items at parallel network facilities;3.one-way communication b/t need and supply;4.suitable in cases of uncertain order cycle or demand level☐Push / Proactive approach (MRP & DRP)1.anticipating future demand (dependent) and use of replenishment;2.adapting better to the coincident needs of parallel logistics network facilities;3.two-way communication b/t need and supply4.suitable for highly profitable segments, dependent demand, scale economies, supply uncertainties,source capacity limitations, seasonal supply buildups; organizations with greater logistics sophistication（复杂）●System-wide vs. Single-Facility Solution☐Single facility – individual warehouse; distribution center;☐Single-facility solution: JIT and EOQ-based approaches☐System-wide approaches: MRP and DRP●Just-in-Time Approach☐Designed to manage lead times and to eliminate waste; quick response with a high priority（优先级）on short and consistent lead times;☐Americanized version of the Kanban system（看板系统）developed by the Toyota Motor Company.Inventories should be available when a firm needs them – not any earlier, nor any later;☐Kanban: kan / production cards (生产卡片), ban / requisition cards (提料卡片), Andon / light system(指示灯系统)☐Four major elements underpinning the JIT concept——71.Zero inventories;2.Short lead times;3.Small, frequent replenishment quantities;4.Zero defects / high quality☐Evaluation of JIT1.Responsiveness and flexibility2.Efficient and dependable production and manufacturing processes3.Accuracy of forecasting to anticipate finished product demandmunications and information systems5.High-quality consistent transportation services●Materials Requirements Planning (物料需求计划)☐MRP starts by determining how many end products customers desire and when they need them.☐Goals of an MRP system1.to ensure the availability of materials, components and products for plannedproduction and for customer delivery;2.to maintain the lowest possible i nventorylevel;schedules and purchasing activities;Master Production Schedule(MPS):customer orders and demand forecasts2.Bill of Materials File (BMF)物料清单文件:exact amount of raw materials, components and subassemblies; when and how3.Inventory Status File(ISF)存活状态文件:safety stock needs, lead times, minimizing inventory4.MRP Program5.Outputs and Reports: ①quantities to order; ②need to reschedule or not; ③canceled need; ④system status☐Principle advantages1.Safety stock levels / minimal inventories2.Identify supply chain disruptions & take corrective actions3.Actual demand & forecasts of end-product needs4.Coordinate materials ordering5.Suitable for batch production / assembly☐Weaknessesputer intensive;2.increasing order and transport costs;3.not sensitive to short-term demand fluctuations;plex●Distribution Resource Planning(分销资源计划)☐DRP is usually used with an MRP system –DRP (in outbound logistics / inventories) vs. MRP (in inbound l ogistics / inventories)☐Key elements of DRP。
物流专业英语复习资料.doc
物流专业英语复习资料考试题型：一、选择填空(20 points )二、物流术语(20 points )三、阅读理解(30points, each 3 points )四、英译汉(20points, each 4 points )五、汉译英(10 points, each 2points ) 物流专业英语考试备考1词汇1. 1基本概念术语1.物品article2.物流logistics3.物流活动logistics activity4.物流作业logistics operation5.物流模数logistics modulus6.物流技术logistics technology7.物流成本logistics cost8.物流管理logistics management9.物流中心logistics center10.物流网络logistics network11.物流信息logistics information12.物流企业logistics enterprise13.物流单证logistics documents14.物流联盟logistics alliance15.供应物流supply logistics16.生产物流production logistics17.销售物流distribution logistics18.回收物流returned logistics19.废弃物物流waste material logistics20.绿色物流enviTonmental logistics21.企业物流internal logistics22.社会物流external logistics23.军事物流military logistics24.国际物流international logistics25.第三方物流third-part logistics (TPL)26.定制物流customized logistics27.虚拟物流virtual logistics28.增值物流服务value-added logistics service29.供应链supply chain30.条码bar code31.电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)32.有形消耗tangible loss33.无形消耗intangible loss奖罚1.运输transportation2.联合运输combined transport3.直达运输through transport4.中转运输transfer transport5.甩挂运输drop and pul 1 transport6.集装运输containerized transport7.集装箱运输container transport& 门到门door-to-door9.整箱货full container load (FCL)10.拼箱货less than container load (LCL 11・储存storing12.保管storage13.物品储存article reserves14.库存inventory15.经常库存cycle stock16.安全库存safety stick17.库存周期inventory cycle time18.前置期(或提前期)lead time19.订货处理周期order cycle time20.货垛goods stack21.堆码stacking22.搬运handing/carrying23.装卸loading and unloading24.单元装強卩unit loading and unloading25.包装package/packaging26.销售包装sales package27.定牌包装packing of nominated brand28.中性包装neutral packing29.运输包装transport package30.托盘包装palletizing31.集装化containerization32.散装化containerization33.直接换装cross docking34.配送distribution35.共同配送joint distribution36.配送中心distribution center37.分拣sorting38.拣选order picking39.集货goods collection40.组配assembly41.流通力口工distribution processing42.冷链cold chain43.检验inspection 奖罚1・仓库warehouse2.库房storehouse3.自动化仓库automatic warehouse4. 4 立体仓库stereoscopic warehouse5.虚拟仓库virtual warehouse6.保税仓库boned warehouse7.出口监管仓库export supervised warehouse8.海关监管货物cargo under customer, s supervision9.冷藏区chill space10.冷冻区freeze space11.控湿储存区humidity controlled space12.温度可控区temperature controlled space13.收货区receiving space14.发货区shipping space15.料棚goods shed16.货场goods yard17.货架goods shelf18.托盘pallet19.叉车fork lift truck20.输送机conveyoT21.自动导引车automatic guided vehicle (AGV)22.箱式车box car23.集装箱container24.换算箱twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)25.特种货物集装箱specific cargo container26.全集装箱船ful 1 container ship27.铁路集装箱场railway container yard28.公路集装箱中转站inland container depot29.集装箱货运站container freight station (CFS)30.集装箱码头container terminal31.国际铁路联运international through railway transport32.国际多式联运international multimodal transport33.大陆桥运输land bridge transport34.班轮运输linei* transport35.租船运输shipping by chartering36.船务代理shipping agency37.国际货运代理international freight forwarding agent38.理货tally39 国际货物运输保险international transportation cargo insurance40.报关customs declaration41.报关行customs broker42.进出口商品检验commodity inspection奖罚1. 4物流管理术语1.物流战略logistics strategy2.物流战略管理logistics strategy management3・仓库管理warehouse management4.仓库布局warehouse layout5.库存控制inventory control6.经济订货批量economic order quantity (EOQ)7.定量订货方式fixed-quantity system (FQS)8.定期订货方式fixed-quantity system (FIS)9.ABC 分类管理ABC classification10.电子订货系统Electronic order system (EOS)11.准时制just in time (JIT)12.准时制物流just-in-time logistics13.零库存技术zero-inventory logistics14.物流成本管理logistics cost control15.物料需要计划material requirements planning (MRP)16.制造资源计划manufacturing resource planning (MRP II)17.配送需要计划distribution requirements planning (DRP)18.配送资源计划distribution resource planning (DRP II)19.物流资源计划logistics resource planning (LRP)20.企业资源计划enterprise resource planning (ERP)21.供应链管理supply chain management (SCM)22.快速反映Quick response (QR)23.有效客户反映efficient customer response （ECR）24.连续库存补充计划continuous replenishment program （CRP）25.计算机付诸订货系统computer assisted ordering （CAO）26.供应商管理库存vendor managed inventory （VMI）27.业务外包outsourcing1.We can define warehousing as that part of a firm^s logistics s ystem that stores products （rawmaterials, parts, goods-in-pro cess, finished goods） at and between point of origin and point o f consumption, and provides information to managementon the sta tus, condition, and disposition of items being stored・1.我们可把仓储定义为公司物流系统的不可分割的一部分，（2分）用以在原产地，消费地或二者之间储存原材料，部件，在制品,产成品（2分）并向管理部门提供有关所储存项目的现状与控制情况等信息.（2分）2.Participants in the channel gain competitive advantage thro ugh improving the overall channel efficiency by reducing risk a nd effectively leveraging the corporate resources of each chan nel member・2.这条链上的参与者通过以降低风险（2分）和链上每一位成员的共同资源的有力支持（2分）来改善整条链的效率从而获得具有竞争力的优势。
试卷A_物流专业英语(3)_参考答案
__________大学 2012～2013学年第____学期 《物流专业英语》考试试卷 参考答案 A 卷□I.术语翻译（本大题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分） （一）英译汉部分 1)ex-factory price 出厂价 2)retail price 零售价 3)direct purchase 直接采购，直接购买 4)movements of goods/product 商品/产品的流转 5)supply chain 供应链 6)flow and storage of goods 商品的流动及储存 7) availability of goods 商品的现货性（二）汉译英部分 8) 提单，提货单bill of lading 9) 询问答复式交易query-response transaction10) 技术数据交换technical data interchange11) 不可储存性non-storability12) 带空座位出发depart with empty seats姓名学号班级 座位号 考试说明。
1、本试卷为闭卷考试 2、试卷中所有试题的答案均写在答题纸上 3、总分：100分，考试时间：120分钟13)剩余能量(运能)excess capacity14)交货通知单delivery notification15)周转储备rotation reservesII.完成下列句子（本大题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分）16)Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the _______________________(商品的高效流动与存储). (efficient flow and storage of goods)17)There are two types of primary activities concerning the production of products:____________________(生产与流通) . (production and distribution)18)Production is the act or process of converting raw materials into_______________________(半成品或成品) ready for sale/delivery. (semi-finished goods or finished goods)19)Distribution is _______________________(行动或过程) of moving goods/product(semi-finished or finished) to various locations/customers. (the act or process)20)E-business, or e-commerce, refers to the processing of business transactions_______________________（通过电子方式）and with digitalized data. (via electronic means)21)It is estimated that 25% of business in China is now _______________________（基于电子商务的）and with steady growth. (e-based)22)Any one transaction in e-business contains a number of primary “flows”, namely_______________________（信息流、商流、金流和物料流）. (flows of information, business, finance and goods)23)There can be some major steps common for a product to travel from_______________________(订单接收) to delivery to the user. (receipt of order)24)Other factors, such as the sales profit _______________________ （在整个物流链）also have an impact on the processes. (in the whole logistics link)25)There are various modes of transportation and choice of the most feasible mode can bemade as per the specific situation and _______________________（经营者的个体需要）. (the o perator’s individual needs)26)Distribution is a _______________________（物流终端递送服务）in which goodsmove from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time span. (logistics end delivery service)27)Distribution focuses on customer satisfaction and aims at _______________________（降低成本）. (cost reduction)28)Its operation is often centralized and integrated _______________________ （在特定的覆盖区域内）. (within a specific cover area)29)Transport is _______________________（干线运输）between two points/places,usually over a longer distance. ( trunk movement)30)Distribution is a _______________________(末端运输) between two or more placesover a shorter distance, eg. within a town or several towns within the reach of the operator. (tail end transport)III.用动词的适当形式填空（本大题共10个小题，每小题1分，共10分）31)This ‘open access’ to roads __________（have）its disadvantages. The most obviousone is traffic congestion at peat times. (has)32)This results in __________(extend) journey times for both passenger and freight traffic.(extended)33)And it ultimately __________(add) to the costs of both operators and users. (adds)34)However, there may be a great passenger flow during peak times. In this case,__________(carry) ‘human bulk cargo’ over short distances can also be economic.(ccarrying)35)Naturally, it would be highly impractical for road transport to __________(replace)railway transport, especially during peak times. (replace)36)The former, by far, lacks the capacity __________(need). (needed)37)An airport occupies large areas of land and needs extensive facilities for the efficientand secure __________(handle) of both passengers and freight. (handling)38)The airport infrastructure, like the railway system, also __________(involve) high costsfor operation and maintenance. (involves)39)The operator charges take-off and __________(land) fees to airlines and recovers thecosts in this way. (landing)40)Some operators also charge airport taxes to all __________(depart) and/or arrivingpassengers. (departing)IV.概念解释（本大题共10个小题，每小题2分，共20分）41)What is the definition of logistics?Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the flow and storage of goods.According to the Council of Logistics Management of USA , “Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirements.”42)What are the scope of logistics activities?Logistics activities are extensive and consist of various components such as transport, inventory management, customer support, purchasing, warehousing, financing support and so on.43). What is distribution?Distribution is the act or process of moving goods/product (semi-finished or finished) to various locations/customers. Usually manufacturers focus on production, while logistics companies engage in distribution of goods.44)What is a supply chain?A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities, andsuppliers that participate in the production, sale and delivery of a product to the consumer. The supply chain is typically made up of multiple companies who coordinate activities to set themselves apart from the competition.45)What is the supply chain strategy?A supply chain strategy defines how the supply chain should operate in order tocompete in the market. The strategy evaluates the benefits and costs relating to the operation. While a business strategy focuses on the overall direction a company wishes to pursue, supply chain strategy focuses on the actual operations of the organization and the supply chain that will be used to meet a specific goal.46)What does ‘inventory’ refer to?Inventory refers to stocks of anything necessary to do business. Raw materials, goods in process and finished goods all represent various forms of inventory.47)What are the major elements that stockholding costs include?The costs of holding stock include the following elements:➢Storage costs – heat, light, rates and depreciation for stores buildings➢Staff costs – manpower for running stores➢Maintenance of stock record –administrative and system costs, including stocktaking and checking➢Security and insurance➢Stock deterioration➢Depreciation48)What is packaging?Packaging is the act of sealing a product with containers, materials and auxiliary items with a view of protecting the product, facilitating storage/shipment and promoting sales in the logistics process.49)What are the features and functions of packaging?Packaging fulfills different functions:➢To protect and preserve a product from physical, chemical and mechanical damage➢To facilitate ease of handling➢To communicate information, eg safety instructions➢To act as a marketing aid, through appearance and presentation50)What is reverse logistics?In a narrow sense, reverse logistics is the process in which obsolete products and various materials are remade, regenerated and recycled. This includes such logistics activities as return of products, replacement of materials as well as reuse, disposal, reprocessing, maintenance and remaking of items.V.英译汉（本大题共5个小题，每小题2分，共10分）51)Green Logistics is a supply chain management strategy that reduces the environmentaland energy footprint of freight distribution. 绿色物流是一个供应链管理战略，它降低货运对环境及能源的影响。
物流考试英语辅导：物流师英文单证词语翻译
Booking Note 订舱单/托运单Declaration Form for Export Cargo 出⼝报关单Shipping Order 装货单Invoice 发票Packing List 装箱单Loading List 装货清单Mate’s Receipt 收货单/⼤副收据Dock Receipt 场站收据Bill of Lading 提单Manifest 舱单Original B/L 正本提单Packing List 装箱单Weight Memo 重量单/磅码单Invoice 发票Contract 合同Declaration Form for Import cargo 进⼝报关单Inspection Certificate （进出⼝）商检证明Import Licence 进⼝许可证Certificate of Origin 原产地证明Equipment Interchange Receipt 设备交接单certificate of insurance (保险凭证)the insuranced/assured (被保险⼈)amounting to/amount insured (保险⾦额)date of departure/date of commencement (始运⽇期)the Marine Underwriters Associations (海洋货运保险协会)Total Number of Packages （总件数）Date of vanning （装箱⽇期）Reason for Breaking seal （开封原因）Received by CY/CFS （堆场/货运站签收）Received by Drayman （驾驶员签收）Taint of Odour Risk (串味险)Hook Damage Risk (钩损险)S.R.C.C.(strikes, riots, civil commotions) (罢⼯、*、民变险)War Risk (战争险)On Deck Risk (舱⾯险)EQUIPMENT INTERCHANGE RECEIPT （集装箱发放/设备交接单）CONTAINER USER/HAULIER （⽤箱⼈/运箱⼈）PLACE OF DELIVERY （提箱地点）VESSEL/VOYAGE NO. （船名/航次）CNTR. OPTR. （营运⼈）KEEP DRY (保持⼲燥)DO NOT STOW ON DECK (禁放甲板上)INFLAMMABLE (易燃物品)LIFT HERE (在此起吊)HANDLE WITH CARE (谨慎搬运)insurance policy (保险单)claim payable at (赔款偿付地点)the undersigned或the underwriter (保险公司)conditions (承保险别)survey report (检验报告)Stale B/L （过期提单）Advanced B/L （预借提单）Switch B/L （交换提单）Groupage B/L （成组提单）Separate B/L （分提单）Drum ( 桶 )Bundle ( 捆 )Pallet ( 托盘 )Bale ( ⼤包 )Container ( 集装箱 )Container Load Plan （集装箱装箱单）Ocean Vessel Voy. No. （船名航次）Container No. （箱号）Type of Container （集装箱规格）Reefer Temp. Required （冷藏温度）THIS SIDE UP (此端朝上)FRAGILE (易碎物品)STOW AWAY FROM HEAT (请勿近热)USE NO HOOKS (禁⽤钩⼦)PERISHABLE (容易变质)FREE TIME PERIOD （免费期限）GP CONTAINER （普通集装箱）RF CONTAINER （冷藏集装箱）DAMAGE & CODE （损坏记录及代号）INSPECTION AT THE TIME OF INTERCHAGE （进场检查记录）Bag ( 袋 )Sack ( ⿇袋 )Carton ( 纸箱 )Case ( ⽊箱 )Crate ( 柳条箱 )CARGO RECEIPT （承运货物收据）Freight Payable at （运费交付地点）MANIFEST （舱单）EXPORT FREIGHT MANIFEST （出⼝载货运费清单）Scale Tons （运费吨）FPA (free from particular average) (平安险)WA/WPA (with average/with particular average) (⽔渍险)all risks (⼀切险)TPND(theft, pilferage & non-delivery) (偷窃提货不着险)Fresh and/or Rain Water Damage Risk (淡⽔⾬淋险)Master Air Waybill （航空主运单）House Air Waybill （航空分运单）Amount of Insurance （保险⾦额）Chargeable Weight （收费重量）No. of Pieces RCP （收到件数）Received for Shipment B/L （备运提单）Transshipment B/L （转船提单）Combined Transport B/L （联合运输提单）Charter Party B/L （租船提单）Anti-dated B/L （倒签提单）。
物流专业英语期末测试(二)
物流专业英语期末测试（二）I. Translate the following items into Chinese or English. (20points)1. 及时配送11. outsourcing2. 出货清单12. inventory control system3. 规模经济13. after-sales service4. 零售店14. industrial packaging5. 目标市场15. global positioning system6. 系统整合16. direct procurement7. 政府采购17. storage facilities8. 材料流动18. warehouse operation9. 通关19. industry standards10. 库存管理20. production costII. Tell whether the following stetements are Ttrue or Ffalse, marking an “A”for true statements and a “B”. for false ones. (10 points)( ) 21. A well-run supply chain compresses time, increases expensive distribution processes as well as costly inventories.( ) 22. Despite their high costs, ships have large capacity and are well suited to large and bulky cargoes which could not be carried safely or economically by other forms of transport. ( ) 23. A bill of lading is not the actual contract, which is inferred from the action of the shipper or ship-owner in delivering or receiving the cargo, but it forms excellent evidence of theterms of the contract.( ) 24. The primary goals of the distribution network are to minimize the service to thecustomer while maximizing the cost of distribution.( ) 25. Inventories are stockpiles of raw materials, supplies, components, work in process, and finished goods that appear at numerous points throughout a firm’s production andlogistics channel.( ) 26. Packaging is the material (for example, carton, wood, and steel) in which a product or a group of products are wrapped and consists of the containment, protection,apportionment and unitization of goods.( ) 27. Logistics refers to series of activities associated with flow of merchandise, information and payments only among suppliers.( ) 28. Air transport has a vast network of airlines and highways, which can reach remote places in the interior across high mountains, which are hardly accessible by rail or roadtransport, to say nothing of sea transport.( ) 29. Procurement deals with the buying of goods and services that keep the organization functioning.( ) 30. Logistics received recognition in military operations during World War II, and gained its momentum as it contributed to the effective distribution of machinery and supplies tocommon people.III. Complete each statement by choosing the best answer from the four choices. (15points) ( ) 31. is used when the goods are dispatched by courier service，usually involving small parcels and packets.A. Courier receiptB. CIM consignment noteC. Air waybillD. Bill of lading ( ) 32. The CMR consignment note is not a negotiable or transferable document or a document of title.A. titleB. classC. levelD. possession ( ) 33. If a company has a famous 3PL provider, the provider can indirectly increase _______ through a solid logistics network.A. inventoriesB. salariesC. expensesD. revenues ( ) 34. One of the hottest trends today is the _______ of logistics or third-party logistics (3PL).A. contractB. subcontractC. source outD. outsourcing ( ) 35. Air freight and truck delivery are generally fast and __ but they are expensive.A. convenientB. reliableC. respectableD. competitive ( ) 36. Logistics typically refers to activities that occur within a single organization and supply chain refers to networks of companies that work together and __ their actions todeliver a product to market.A. organizeB. controlC. consolidateD. coordinate ( ) 37. A customer organization may purchase a product in order to transfer it into another product that they in turn sell to _______.A. distributorsB. retailorsC.service providersD. producers ( ) 38. With the goal of reducing total supply chain assets, managers realize that _______ can be used to reduce inventory and human resource requirements.A. informationsB. many informationC. informationD. inform( ) 39. A _______ is typically an organization that buys from producers and sells to consumers.A. distributorB. supplierC. manufacturerD. provider ( ) 40. EDI are quickly becoming the standard for effective, accurate, and _______ information exchange, like internet.A. low-costB. high-costC. fastD. slow( ) 41. Retailers are companies that _______ inventory and sell in small quantities to the general public.A. stock inventoryB. take inventory in bulkC. make productsD. purchase services( ) 42. _______ allows people to enjoy a special range of food that it only be available in certain season and areas all year round.A. inventoryB. transportC.packagingD. market( ) 43. A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities and suppliers that participate _ the production, delivery and sale of a product to theconsumer.A. withB. inC. onD. of( ) 44. As to the functions, traditional warehouses provide few _______ services, whiledistribution centers emphasize assembly, packaging and other distribution processingactivities.A. after salesB. pre salesC. maintenanceD. value-added ( ) 45. Warehouses are typically viewed as a _______ place to store inventory.A. permanentB. cost effectiveC. temporaryD. time consumingIV. Complete the passage by choosing the best answer from the four choices. (10points)Jack Cohen and his wife Tessa began their small grocery business on London’s High Stree t in the early 1950s. Since that time the company, TESCO, has grown to become .the UK’s leading food retailer with annual sales of 6.4 pounds billion and has 46 a new reputation for quality and service. Its 384 stores in England, Scotland and Wales 47 more than nine million customers per week.In the 34 year old Colin Smith we can see TESCO’s 48 on value plus quality and service. Upon 49 T ESCO’s management team in 1987 as trading director for fresh meats, he immediately focused 50 improving supply and distribution systems. He set up a supplier certification program with strict specifications for processing facilities and livestock quality, plus 51 q uality checks at each TESCO’s distribution center and store.One of Smith’s priorities has been a n 52 lamb program. TESCO could not obtain enough fresh lamb to 53 demand and was forced to fill in with frozen product. Smith turned to Cryovac specialists who 54 with TESCO and its meat suppliers to attack the problem.The result was a new packaging system from Cryovac featuring a harder Cryovac Barrier Bag which dramatically reduced package damages. V acuum 55 fresh lamb now arrives at TESCO stores in the best condition year-round and sales have grown to more than 60 million pounds annually.( ) 46. A. noticed B. done C. made D. established( ) 47. A. sell B. serve C. meet D. hold( ) 48. A. emphasis B. idea C. name D. importance( ) 49. A. becoming B. being C. entering D. joining( ) 50. A. on B. in C. at D. with( ) 51. A. nearby B. far C. further D. farther( ) 52. A. old B. improved C. impossible D. able( ) 53. A. ask B. answer C. satisfy D. finish( ) 54. A. cooperate B. link C. study D. sit( ) 55. A.package B. packaged C. packaging D. to packageⅤ. Read the following passages and choose the best answer for each question. (30 points)Passage OneOne of the advantages of using 3PL results from economies of scale (merits from large truck fleets, warehouses, etc.) and economies of scope, which encourage companies to increase net value by reducing costs. The effects of these economies are obtained depending on the type of 3PL provider (e.g. IT-equipped, marketing-based, non-asset-based (and then flexible), etc.) Competent 3PL providers possess high coordination ability, enabling them to search for reliable partners or sub-contractors, and to manage efficiently the inter-firm flow of goods. Such ability can be developed through experiences as a 3PL.Likewise, by outsourcing logistics activities, companies can save on capital investments, and thus reduce financial risks. Investment in logistics assets, such as physical distribution centers or information networks, usually needs large and lump sum costs, which involves financial risks. Furthermore, the 3PL providers can spread the risks by outsourcing to sub-contractors.Although there are several advantages of using 3PL, some drawbacks also exist. It is not easy to establish a reliable and cost-effective partnership between the firm and the 3PL provider. In order to establish reliable partnership, efforts should be made in two stages: 3PL provider selection and contract signing. Firstly, in the stage of selecting a new 3PL partner, it is important to select the 3PL provider who has the ability to provide better services. If the firms cannot select reliable 3PL providers, they may suffer from economic losses. It is not easy for firms to judge the ability of the 3PL provider during the selection stage owing to the issue of information asymmetry (不对称) between the firm (principal) and the 3PL provider (agent). To solve this problem, complex selection procedures are necessary to identify their ability. However, the complex selectionprocedures may involve additional transaction costs. Secondly, it is important to establish a system to maintain their reliable partnership once the 3PL partner is selected. Information sharing and apparent risk sharing between the parties is always required. Concerning information sharing, it is needless to say that smoother information exchange will result in a more efficient logistics activity.( ) 56.What does the underlined phrase（line 3, para 2）mean?A. Total sumB. Large sumC. Small sumD. Separated sum( ) 57. Which one of the following is not true?A. Complex selection procedures are necessary to identi fy the clients’ ability and theymay involve additional costs.B. By outsourcing logistics activities, TPL providers can save on capital investments,and thus reduce their financial risks.C. 3PL providers can spread the risks by outsourcing to sub-contractors.D. Information sharing and apparent risk sharing between the parties is always requiredand smoother information exchange will result in a more efficiency.( ) 58. Which one of the following is not true about coordination ability?A. It can be developed through experiencesB. Enable 3PL companies to search for reliable partners or sub-contractorsC. Manage efficiently the inter-firm flow of goodsD. Companies can save on capital investments( ) 59. Complex selection procedures are necessary to identify their ability, because .A. There is information asymmetryB. It is not easy for firms to judge the ability of the 3PL providerC. Otherwise firms may suffer from economic lossesD. The 3PL provider who has the ability to provide better services( ) 60. What is not needed to maintain their reliable partnership?A. Information sharingB. Profit sharing mechanismC. Apparent risk sharingD. Smoother information exchangePassage TwoThe first task of site selection is to identify both the general and then the specific warehouse location. The general area concerns the broad geography where an active warehouse makes sense from a service, economic, and strategic perspective. The general question focuses on the broader geographic area as illustrated by the need to place a warehouse in the Midwest, which generally implies having a facility in Illinois, Indiana, or Wisconsin. In contrast, a retailer such as Target or Home Depot typically selects a warehouse location that is central to a prerequisite number of retail store locations. Thus, the selection and number of retail outlets drive the support warehouse location.Once the general warehouse location is determined, a specific building site must be identified. Typical areas in a community for locating warehouses are commercial developments and outlying or suburban areas. The factors driving site selection are service availability and cost. Land cost is the most important factor. A warehouse need not be located in a major industrial area. In many cities, warehouses are among industrial plants and in areas zoned for light or heavy industry. Most warehouses can operate legally under the restrictions placed upon general commercial property.Beyond procurement cost, setup, and operating expenses such as transport access, utility hookups, taxes, and insurance rates require evaluation. The cost of essential services may vary extensively between sites. For example, a food-distribution firm recently rejected what otherwise appeared to be a totally satisfactory warehouse site because of projected insurance rates. The site was located near the end of a water main. During most of the day, adequate water pressure was available to handle operational and emergency requirements. However, a water problem was possible during two short periods each day. For 6:30 A.M. to 8:30 A.M. and from 5:00 P.M. to 7:00 P.M. the overall demand for water along the line was so great that a sufficient pressure was not available to handle emergencies. Because of this deficiency, abnormally high insurance rates were required and the site was rejected.Several other requirements must be satisfied before a site is purchased. The site must offer adequate room for expansion. Necessary utilities must be available. The soil must be capable ofsupporting the structure. The site must be sufficiently high to afford proper water drainage. Additional requirements may be situationally necessary, depending upon the structure to be constructed. For these reasons and others, the final selection of the site should be preceded by extensive analysis.( ) 61. What is the core factor for a retailer such as Target or Home Depot when typically selecting a warehouse location to consider? ______A. the broad geography of a warehouseB. both the general and then the specific warehouse locationC. the service, economic, and strategic perspectiveD. the number of retail outlets locations( ) 62.. Which of the followings is not an ideal building site selection for a warehouse?A. a major industrial area with great expansion where numerous industrial plants arelocatedB. commercial developmentsC. commercial centersD. zones from light and heavy industries( ) 63. The “commercial developments” in Para. 2 are usually located in ______ areas.A. remote countrysideB. downtownC. industrialD. outlying or suburban( ) 64. To evaluate factors of site selection, the most crucial element taken into consideration is _______.A. transport accessB. taxes and insurance ratesC. land costD. utility hookups( ) 65. The main reason that accounts for the rejection of a seemingly satisfactory warehouse site is _______.A. a water problem was possible during two short periods each dayB. the abnormally high insurance rates were requiredC. the site was located near the end of a water mainD. the overall demand for water along the line during two short periods may bring aboutemergenciesPassage threeThere are three types of stock that a business can hold:1.Stocks of raw materials (inputs brought from suppliers waiting to be used in theproduction process)2.Work in progress (incomplete products still in the process of being made)3.Stocks of finished products (finished goods of acceptable quality waiting to be soldto customers)The aim of stock control is to minimize the cost of holding these stocks whilst ensuring that there are enough materials for production to continue and be able to meet customer demand. Obtaining the correct balance is not easy and the stock control department will work closely with the purchasing and marketing departments.The marketing department should be able to provide sales forecasts for the coming weeks or months (this can be difficult if demand is seasonal or prone to unexpected fluctuation) and so allow stock control managers to judge the type, quantity and timing of stocks needed.It is the purchasing department’s responsibility to order the correct quantity and quality of these inputs, at a competitive price and from a reliable supplier who will deliver on time.As it is difficult to ensure that a business has exactly the correct amount of stock at any one time, the majority of firms will hold buffer stock. This is the “safe” amount of stock that needs to be held to cover unforeseen rises in demand or problems of reordering supplies.Good stock management by a firm will lower costs, improve efficiency and ensure production can meet fluctuations in customer demand. It will give the firm a competitive advantage as more efficient production can feed through to lower prices and also customers should always be satisfied as products will be available on demand.However, poor stock control can lead to problems associated with overstocking or stock-outs.If a business holds too much buffer stock (stock held in reserve) or overestimates the level of demand for its products, then it will overstock. Overstocking increase costs for businesses asholding stocks are an expense for firms for several reasons.1.Increases warehouse space needed2.Higher insurance costs needed3.Higher security costs needed to prevent theft4.Stocks may be damaged, become obsolete or perish (go out of date)5.Money spent buying the stocks could have been better spent elsewhereThe opposite of an overstock is a stock-out. This occurs when a businesses runs out of stocks. This can have severe consequences for the business:1.Loss of production (with workers still having to be paid but no products beingproduced)2.Potential loss of sales or missed orders. This can harm the reputation of thebusiness.In these circumstances a business may choose to increase the amount of stock they hold in reserve (buffer stock). There are advantages and disadvantages of increasing the stock level.( ) 66. The aim of stock control is _______.A. to minimize the cost of holding stocks and ensure productionB. to order the correct quantity and quality of stocksC. to provide sales forecasts for the coming weeks or monthsD. to judge the type, quantity and timing of stocks needed( ) 67. The word “buffer” in Line 19 probably means ________.A. protectionB. quantityC. reserveD. insurance( ) 68. The costs of overstocking include the following EXCEPT ___________.A. Increases warehouse space and higher insurance costs needed.B. Potential loss of sales or missed orders.C. Higher security costs needed to prevent theft.D. Stocks may be damaged, become obsolete or perish.( ) 69. Which of the following is one of the advantages of increasing the stock level?A. Costs of storage, rent and insuranceB. Less chance of loss of production time because of stock-outsC. Money tied up in stocks not being used elsewhere in the businessD. Large stocks subject to deterioration and theft( ) 70. Which of the following is not discussed in the passage?A. The types of stocks.B. The purpose of stock control.C. The importance of stock controlD. The methods of stock controlVI. Write a composition according to the following instructions. (15points)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic. You should describe the meaning of third party logistics and explain the significance of it.Third Party Logistics参考答案及评分标准I. 评分标准：每题一分，翻译全称。
物流专业英语翻译对照2
第二节 Recent Trends in Logistics1.Third Part Logistics ( TPL) 第三方物流Third Part Logistics provides all the logistics services. They act as a bridge or facilitator between the first part( supplier or producer) and the second part( buyer or customer). The primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.第三方物流提供了所有的物流活动。
他们在第一方（供应商或生产商）和第二方（买方或顾客）之间扮演着桥梁或设施供应商的角色。
第三方物流提供商的基本目标是降低供应商的整体物流成本，提高顾客服务水平。
Third Part Logistics have been growing rapidly. Cost reduction and demands for batter and cheaper services are the main drives behind the growth.A third part logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pick–ups and deliveries, whereas in–house transportation cannot. Other reasons are as follows:第三方物流增长十分迅速。
物流专业英语考试复习
物资储存storage of goods
消除低下的效率eliminate inefficiency
产品的流转，储存和控制movement,storage,and control of products
和供应相关的活动supply-related activities
A variety of functions多种功能
Across the company从整个公司
Control mechanism控制机制
Flexible planning 灵活的规划
Integration集成整合
Coordination协调
Labor,equipment and space 劳动力，设备和场地
Specialist fuels特种燃料
Heating oil供暖燃油
Food ingredients食品配料
Expertise专门技术，专门知识
Road delivery公路运送
Goods in process进程中的货物
As a buffer against things going wrong作为一种防止事情变坏的缓冲
Customer support 客户支持
Transportation 运输
Movement of people and goods人流和物流
Warehouse management 仓储管理
Purchasing采购
Include ,but not limited to 包括，但又不限于
Manual and powered手动或电动的
Pallet moving trucks 托盘搬运车
物流英语期末复习知识点
物流英语期末复习知识点物流英语期末复习知识点1.How many kinds of ware house do youknow? Please write down the advantages and disadvantages for eachone.-Private warehouse优：More control;The cost of long term storage is lower than the public storage;More flexi bility缺：high risk of investment-Publicw are house优：leased to solve short-term distribution needs;Saving money;缺：Alack of personalized service;Communication problems-Contract warehouse优：Low cost;More cost-effective than private warehouse缺：Oncecontracted,itmustbealong-termutilization2.How many kinds of transportation mode do you know?Please write down the advantages and disadvantages for eachone.-Rail way transportation铁路运输优点：It offers cost-effective transpor to falarge number of car go sover long distance;It is good for car gos with high volumeand low value.缺点：In flexibility of operation-Road transportation公路运输优点：Used for higher-value and lower-volumecar goover relatively short distance;Providing adoor to door service缺点：Fuel consumption;airpollution-Water way transportation水路运输优点：The cheap estmethod of moving goods worldwide缺点：The speed of the shipisvery slow.-Air transportation航空运输优点：It offer srapidand flexible delivery;Saving time缺点：high cost-Pipeline transportation管道运输优点：Pipelinesoperateona24-hourbasis,sevendaysperweek.缺点：The lack of grow thinde mand for the movemen to foil will affect pipelines.3.Please talk about the ways of improving customer service.Improving logistics system to deliver superior customer service;Taking both servicelevel and costintoac count when gaining profits;Identifying customers’needs;Defining customers service objective;Reducing the cost of logistics system4.What is logistics?In Chinese Logistics Terms,logistics means the physical movement of goods from the supplier to the receiver.。
物流英语复习资料
一、单词复习商品: merchandise 线路:line 合资企业:Joint Venture 陆运:land transportation 处理:handle 装箱单:packing slip 零售包装:consumer packaging 仓储: storage 排除:eliminate信息服务:service information 零风险:zero defects 定舱位: book the shipping space 存储:storage对待: approach 入库作业:indoor operation 卸货: discharge 海关:Customs 知名的:big name入库保税品: warehouse bond 检查站: checkpoint 防热的: Heat-proof 供应链: supply chain工具: facility 条形码:Bar code 分销渠道:distribution channel 商标: trademark工业包装: industrial packaging 样品:sample 规格:specification供应商:supplier 可以使用的:available 发货区:receiving space 竞争:competition 询问:inquiry估算:evaluation 原材料:raw material代表:on behalf of represent 实际上:in practice 总重: gross weight二、句子复习(1)Electronic order system is for the operation ordering and the information exchange by internet among the firms.电子订货系统的操作命令和信息交换之间通过互联网公司(2)Customer service is meant to provide facility for customer’s nee d or inquiry and arrange it.客户服务的目的是提供设施的用户需要或查询及安排。
物流英语复习资料
物流英语复习资料一、词汇货物freight；consignment；goods 货运代理商forwarding agency承运商carrier供应商supplier托运人；货主shipper收货人consignee委托consign卸货unload; drop-off收货collect交送delivery询价enquiry报价offer；quote全体职员staff安排arrangement技术的technical商业的commercial吨ton磅lb精确地exactly要求requirement英寸inch英尺foot重量weight船只vessel渡轮ferry铁路rail高速公路motorway包租(船、飞机等) charter 批发商wholesaler包装；打包packing订单order塑料的plastic木桶barrel液体liquid鼓型金属桶drum体积volume抵达arrival船运；装船ship交易deal集装箱container调查survey估价师surveyor目的地；终点destination尺寸；规格measurement密封；封口seal易腐烂的；易变质的perishable 仓储warehousing 、仓库depot应负责任的liable保险单policy保险insurance风险risk损失damage备忘录memo援救salvage补偿；赔偿compensation二、句子1. 你能告诉我具体的位置吗？Can you tell me the exact location of the accident?2. 你们看着办吧。
We will leave that up to you.3. 我们将不得不追究贵公司对此次损失所应承担的责任。
We ’ll have to hold your company liable for damages.4.希望我们可以尽快解决这不幸的事情。
物英复习
物流英语二、短语翻译1.dead weight2.road pricing3.cost-effective weight5.Gross weight6.lead time7.raw material8.buffer inventory9.inventory carrying cost10.work-in-process11.short-haul12.finish goods13.functional channel14.capital-equipment15.dispatch lists16.vendor follow-up lists17.just-in-time18.just-in-case19.access to20.vertical integration21.distribution center22.slip sheet23.corrugated paper24.speculative inventory25.in-transit26.cope with27.tend to28.refers to29.master production schedule30.due to三、英译中；1、Logistics, the logistics center and its flow characteristics of materials, called logistics. Logistics originally formed in the United States called ―physical distribution‖ (PD) , ―distribution in kind" or "goods delivery". Japan imported after 1960s as “the link between the production and consumption of goods custodian, transportation, handling, packaging, processing functions and control such functions as a backup to the information role.It played a role as a bridge in sales material.2、According to CSCMP<Council of Supply Chain Professionals >, logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of meeting customer requirements.It is quite a long definition, to understand it better, let’s analyze it in closer details.3、Examples of this trend include the implementation of intelligent transportation system (ITS) to manage traffic flow, the development of Alameda Corridor in California, and assessments under way in the New York –New Jersey area for developing exclusive truck routes linking intermodal facilities, new maritime terminals, and a new rail freight tunnel. The urgency for using ITS technology stemsfrom the fact that in the past 10 years, there has been a 30% increase in traffic. It is envisaged that ITS technology will reduce the congestion problem considerably。
物流专业英语课后练习的翻译句子(修改后的)
1、A basic definition of logistics is the continuous process of meeting customer needs by ensuring the availability of the right benefits for the right customer, in the quantity and condition desired by that customer, at the time and place the customer wants them, all for a price the buyer is willing to pay.物流的基本概念是按顾客期望的数量和条件，在顾客需要的时间和地点，以顾客愿意支付的价格，确保合适的顾客的合理利益的可获得性而满足顾客需要的连续过程。
2、Customer service involves getting the right product to the right customer at the right place ,in the right condition and at the right time, at the lowest total cost possible.顾客服务涉及在适当的地点、合适的条件和合适的时间，以尽可能低的总成本将合适的产品送至适当的顾客。
3、Logistics information is key to the efficient functioning of system.物流通讯是物流系统发挥效率的关键。
4、Order processing is the system a firm has for getting orders from customers, checking on the status of orders and communicating to customers about them ,and actually filling the order and making it available to the customer.订单处理是企业所具有的的一个从客户中获得订单，核实订单的状况，就订单情况与客户联系，并实际履行订单，并使客户可获得订单货物。
物流英语复习
1、The aim of (inventory)management is to minimize the amouneof material in stock .2/(Logistics) is a hot topic in China and the whole world.3/If the ship had sailed along the recommended(route),it would have been able to acoid the heavy weather.4/People generally consider logistics as the (flowing)of goods,it is partly right,but logistics is much more than that.5/Logistics involves the (movement) of goods,but also of people,as well as housing and feeding them6/The foreign company has to (purchase )500 garmentd from China every year7、The meaning of the word”logistics” firstly(originate)from the military.8/The(storge)expenses willbe for your account if you place an order of 100,000 tons ofroll stell at a time.My workshop uses tons a month.9/With the development of modern economy,people become more and more aware of the (impotance) of logistics.10/Whether facilities are owend or rented,the (location)of warehouses is extremely important.1/Transport can be done by sea,air,（and）rail and pipe.2/Mr.wang is an iventory(manager)in a bonded warehouses in Capital Airport.3/Logistics managers pay more attention to inventory at persent,because inventory management can effectively reduce logistics (cost)4/Information is akey to the (success) of logistics strategy.5/Warehousing is not a new (business),but it has gained new functions in modern logistics6/In every company customer service is (source)of information for demand forecasting.7/Every firm,large and small (alike),needs logistics strategic planning for itd development.8/packing is one of the most impotant (activities)which are includede in a logistics system9/(Procurement) ideals with the buying of goods and services that keep the organization functioning.10/Could you five me a brief(analysis)of the present situation in relation to logistics in China?1/General purpose of warehouses is to provide ( safe) environment conditions and a wide range of products.2/Usually warehouses are typically viewed as a (temporary)place to store goods.3/The cost of small(order)becomes expensive to transport.4/Warehousing plays a vital role in providing a (moderate)level of cusiomer service.5/Customer service may be the deciding factor for warehouse site location,(access)to markets can improve its service level/6/Disteeibution center is alarge and highly (sufficient)warehouse designed to receive goods from various plants and suppliers.7/A warehouse can be viewed as a (bridge) between supply and demand.8/IN order to (achieve)the efficiency they may have to hold stock ,but this is not their main role.9/Retailers found it difficult to source in (desired)quantity from a singke supplier.10/After the goods are unloaded from the transportation carrier ,rhey shouldbe (verify)against cargo manifest.1/Managers must establish inplement inventory policies on the basis of (strategic) consideration. 2/When he asopted new stratgy in inventory management, he lowered the cost while (expand)the sales.3/The aim of reducing (inventory) is to make better use of overall assets.4/Inventory refers to (stocks)of anything necessary to do business.5/To make efficient and effective use of the (warehouse)space,you should decide how large your order must be.6/When the stock is near safety stock leverl,materials have to be (reoder).7/Raw materials,goods in process and finished goods all (cause)various forms of inventory.8/Buffer stock is adopted to maintain (balance) in demand or supply.9/The order cost is (decline)with the increase of quantity.10/Inventory makes it possible for each firm to (specialize)in the products that it manufactures.1/I always (confuse)John with his brother ;they are very much alike.2/We re sure to fullill the task ahead of schedule if everyone bears down.3/Many plastic(containers)are disposed of as waste,although they are resuable.4.You’re supposed to keep your car (exterior)in good condition by cleaning it .5/You can schedule a weekend to (discard)some things that perhaps you don’t actually need.6/The idea of a holiday abroad is certainly(appealing)7/That invention is of great commercial (widesperead)8/She is strong enough to (withstand) intellectual challenge.9/In today’s world,trade barriers in international trade are still (significant).10/The case was dismissed because of (insufficient)evidence.1/We ar noe ina position to (reinforce) our own demands to our emplpyers.2/We’ll (dictate) the cease with iron strap.3/These plicies (instill)strong felling of loyalty in P&G employees.4/The smell of food (tempts) the hungry children unto the hut.5/I can’t figure out why he’s been behaving so (oddly)6/Consumers may also (shun) firms that pollute the environment or engage in unethical practices by not buyong their products.7/What is the reaction to the new car in the (marketplace)?8/It is thus clear that the (residual)infuuences of clannishness must not be understiomated .9/From the (standpoint)of success,a good work ehic is no less important than an education .10/More and more public places in the United States (forbid) smoking.1/Transpotation,by moving goods from one place to another place,creates (place utility) for poducts.2/To satisfy customers with special taste, manufactures have to provide (personal)services.3/In the supply chain,(external customers) may contain wholesalers,retailers and end-users.4/There is a great (demand) foreign investment in the western part of China.5/We should make an (analysis) of prouducts,depending on who use them and how they are used.6/We must distribute the products to as many places as possible so that our customers find it (convenient) to get them7/Customer service is considered as the (output)of logistics system.8/The key point in distribution is whether the product is (available)where the customer wishes to consume it .9/One of the basis tasks of a logistics analyst is to dtermine customer(response) to service.10/Generally speaking ,soap can be found in a (retail) shop.1/Once their oreders are accpted ,all customers should be treated equally by receiving (basis service).2/It’s my job to (offest ) cusiomer’s response to logistics service.3/Customer service plays a significant (role ) in the development of all firms.4/A firm may have a customer service department or customer service employees that (handle)complaints,special orders,damage claims,etc.5/The mission of logistics mangement is to plan and (coordinate)all logistics activities to achieve desired level.6/In today’s (competitive) market,fiems find it extremely difficult to create new custoomers.7/You can learn about your customer’s (response)by analyzing inventory information.8/Every company’s ultimate goal is to gain (profit),not sales .9/I think if our warehouses are located in the (proximity)of customers,we can offer better after-sale service.10/Good logistics plan (determine) the cost of warehousing anf transportation of products.1/The river departed from its original course several miles (downstream).2/It now provides a (linkage) to more than 60 home pages of goverment agencies and related organzations.3/we’ll try to work as (procurement) agent on behalf of IBM.4/(Competitiveness) is also about the quality and cretivity of the people .5/He resigned in the face of mounting pressure from the (shareholder).6/We expect to increase (utilization) of the helicopters.7/Hi-tech industry has been driving the (optimization)of the economic structure.8/She would like to be a film actress,but at present she is (modeling)9/The general price level declined by small (margin)10/We have the busiest container port in the world and the busiest international air freight(throughput)1/I think I’ll be all right as soon as the plane gets out of this (turbulence).2/People are much better informed since the (advent ) of television.3/Vendors could charge between $190 and $375 per cumputer,depending on (configuration).4/Every value they created (ultimately) redounded to their boss.5/As your company’s representative, your phone manners should be (impeccable)6/Tax became a powerful policy instrument to tackle monetary(deflation)7/He is a (prominent) scholar in the field of linguistics.8/I would ask you to collaborate) with us in this work.9/We must (accommodate)ourselves to circumstance.10/Her intemperance will (entail) the curse of insanity upon her innocent children.英译汉1、Modern Logisticsis one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world .现代物流是全世界最有挑战力同时令人兴奋的工作之一。
题库必过-物流英语翻译
物流英语占10分1、（）is a system applied to maximize profits for all parties in the whole logistic system and other economic systems.(A) Supply Chain (B) Customer Relationship Management(C) Standardized Logistic (D) Supply Chain Management答案：D2、（）is software to manage the relationship and communication between customers and suppliers.(A) Customer Relationship (B) Customer Relationship Management(C) Standardized Logistic (D) Supply Chain Management答案：C3、A logistics center consists of a series of integrated logistic activities, ( ), equipments, and information network..(A) processes (B) systems(C) service (D) information答案：A4、( ) refers to containers transported by railway using the bridges that link both ends separated by rivers or oceans.(A) Transport (B) Bridge transport(C) Link transport (D) Transport agencies答案：B5、( ) is a result of international commercial activities, cross border investment, and importing and exporting activities.(A) International trade (B) International logistics(C) International transport (D) International service答案：B6、( ) is the relationship between suppliers and customers. In the supply chain, suppliers rank before buyer, seller and customers.(A) Supply Chain (B) Customer Relationship Management(C) Standardized Logistic (D) Supply Chain Management答案：A7、Costs for logistics are similar to all other businesses and include fixed cost, ( ) and management cost.(A) transport cost (B)based cost(C) inventory cost (D)variable cost答案：D8、( ) is always the top concern warehouses to handle goods.(A) Logistics (B) Transport(C) Safety (D) inventory答案：C9、Logistics ( ) refers general logistics knowledge, materials, images, data and documentation.(A) system (B) engineering(C) information (D) cost答案：C1、()是一个系统应用于最大化利润为各方在整个物流系统和其他经济系统。
物流英语期末考试翻译复习
物流英语期末考试翻译复习Unit 1 Logistics◇Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the flow and storage of goods.狭义上讲，物流是商品的高效流动和存储。
◇Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient,effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, service, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements. (CLM 2003)物流是供应链管理的一部分，是对货物、服务及相关信息从起源地到消费地之间有效率、有效益的正向和反向流动和存储进行的计划、执行与控制，其目的是满足客户要求。
◇Reverse Logistics is the reverse with the traditional supply chain, in order to restore or dispose of a reasonable value of raw materials, inventory between, the final product and related information from the consumer to the starting point for the effective conduct of the actual flows to plan, manage and control process.逆向物流是这样一个过程，它规划、实施并控制了从消费点到起始点的物料、在制品库存、成品和相关信息的高效与低成本的流动，从而实现重新获取价值并妥善处置物资的目的Unit 2 supply chain management◇A supply chain/ v alue chain or demand chain is the network of the involved companies, through upstream and downstream linkages, in different processes and activities that produce value in the form of products and services in the hands of the ultimateconsumer.供应链，又称价值链或需求链，是由在创造最终消费者视角中的价值的不同流程和活动中，那些相关联的公司通过上游和下游的联结共同组成的一个网状系统◇The management of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole 供应链管理是指以整体供应链的较低成本提供较高顾客价值的、对供应商和客户之间的上下游关系的管理◇SCM strategies1.Market Driven: Focusing on generating high profit margins through strong brands andforceful marketing and distribution.市场驱动型：关注通过强大的品牌效应和广泛的市场营销和分销来创造高的利润空间。
物流英语课后.英汉译
物流英语课后习题 物流英语课后习题 第一单元 Unit1<18-19> 1. It is through the logistical process that materials flow into the vast manufacturing capacity of an industrial nation and products are distributed through marketing channels to consumers. 正是通过物流的过程原材料才得以流入工业国家巨大的制造机器中，产品才得以通过市场这个渠道流向顾客。
2. Logistics is complex. In China alone, the market structure involves more than 20 million retailing networks and more than 2 million wholesalers networks.物流复杂极了。
仅在中国的市场上就有 2000 多万个零售网点和 200 多万个批发网点。
3. One expert holds the view that logistics is an iceberg unseen is much bigger. 4. The overall goal of logistics is to achieve service at the lowest possible total cost.物流的整体目标是以最低的成本取得预期的顾客服务的水平。
, only the top of a targetedwhich is seen. What is level of customer customer有一位专家认为，物流是一座冰山，人们只看到了冰山的水面上那部份，水下未见得那部份更大。
5. In the beginning, companies that could afford demand.在早期，有库存能力的公司能够满足顾客的要求。
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Unit 1 Logistics
•
•◇Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the flow and storage of goods.
狭义上讲，物流是商品的高效流动和存储。
•◇Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient,effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, service, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements. (CLM 2003)
物流是供应链管理的一部分，是对货物、服务及相关信息从起源地到消费地之间有效率、有效益的正向和反向流动和存储进行的计划、执行与控制，其目的是满足客户要求。
◇Reverse Logistics is the reverse with the traditional supply chain, in order to restore or dispose of a reasonable value of raw materials, inventory between, the final product and related information from the consumer to the starting point for the effective conduct of the actual flows to plan, manage and control process.
•逆向物流是这样一个过程，它规划、实施并控制了从消费点到起始点的物料、在制品库存、成品和相关信息的高效与低成本的流动，从而实现重新获取价值并妥善处置物资的目的
Unit 2 supply chain management
◇A supply chain/ value chain or demand chain is the network of the involved companies, through upstream and downstream linkages, in different processes and activities that produce value in the form of products and services in the hands of the ultimate consumer.
供应链，又称价值链或需求链，是由在创造最终消费者视角中的价值的不同流程和活动中，那些相关联的公司通过上游和下游的联结共同组成的一个网状系统
◇The management of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole
供应链管理是指以整体供应链的较低成本提供较高顾客价值的、对供应商和客户之间的上下游关系的管理
◇SCM strategies
1.Market Driven: Focusing on generating high profit margins through strong brands and
forceful marketing and distribution.
•市场驱动型：关注通过强大的品牌效应和广泛的市场营销和分销来创造高的利润空间。
• 2.Operationally Agile: Configuring assets and operations to react nimbly to emerging consumer trends along lines of product category or geographic region.
•运作敏捷型：通过资产配置和运作，以对产品类别和地理区域方面新涌现的消费趋势做出快速反应。
• 3.Freshness Oriented: Concentrating on earning a premium by providing the consumer with product than competitive offerings
•新意导向型：致力于通过向顾客提供比竞争者更好的产品来获得利润
4. Consumer-guided: Building and maintaining close relationships with end consumers
through direct sales.
•消费者导向型：通过直销与最终消费者建立和保持紧密的关系
• 5.Logistics Optimizer: Emphasizing a balance of supply chain efficiency and effectiveness.
•物流优化型：强调供应链的高效性和有效性的平衡。
• 6.Trade Focused: Prioritizing “low price, best value” for the consumer.
•交易专注型：以向顾客提供“低价格高质量”为第一原则
•
UNIT 5 Procurement Management
◇Procurement refers to the raw materials, component parts, and supplies bought from outside organizations to support a company’s operations
企业在一定条件下向供应商购买产品或服务的全过程
Unit 6 Transportation
◇Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a place of origin to a place of consumption. It can involve raw materials being brought into the production process or finished goods being shipped to the customer.
运输是指从生产地到消费地的物理性移动。
具体包括了原材料运到生产线以及成品运到消费者。
◇Transportation is pivotal to the successful operation of any supply chain.
运输是任何供应链成功运作的关键。
◇Transportation costs are directly affected by the location of the firm’s plants, warehouse, vendors, retail locations, and customers.
企业的工厂，仓库，卖主，零售点以及顾客的位置直接影响运输成本。
Unit 7 Logistics Information System
•◇Logistics information system refers to “People ,equipment, and procedures used to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely and accurate information to decision makers”.
•物流信息体系指为决策者收集、挑选、分析、评估并发布所需要的、及时、准确的信息所用的人员、设备和程序。