高考英语语法定语从句

二、用法
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名 词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语 等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时， 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一 致。
1）who(主格), whom（宾格）, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代 词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
I still remember the day when I joined the army. 或
I still remember the day on which I joined the army.
b) 这就是（我们去年住的）房屋。
①This is the house. ②We lived in it last year.
二.定语从句：由一个句子充当定语
从句的位置：在名词或代词后 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词 引导词： 引导定语从句的词 关系代词
关系副词 引导词的作用： (1)引导定语从句
(2)在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置
一、概念
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词 或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词 （关系代词或关系副词）引出 。
①This is the factory. ②It was built last year.
This is the factory which / that was built last year.
不可以省略 2、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地 点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
（3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。 从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在 句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从 句三类。
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
从句：是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份 定语：用于修饰名词或代词
Please show me another ticket. Australia is an English-speaking country. A traveller is a person who\that travels. A clock is a machine that tells people time.
a) 这是（我们去年参观的）工厂。
①This is the factory. ②We visited it last year.
This is the factory which / that we visited last year. 可以省略 说明：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可 以省略。
b) 这是（去年建造的）工厂。
done.
（2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又 相互独立的 简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。 其结构
是： 简单句+等立连词+简单句
eg:He has studied English for only one year,but he can read and write now.
Keep on and you will make progress.
Do you know the man who is standing over there?
2）whose 用来指人或物。 例如： a) 小明，（他的父亲是工程师，）是我们班级 里最好的学生。
①Xiao Ming is the best student in our class. ②His father is an engineer.
——定语从句
一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：
1.Simple Sentence) 2.并列句（Compound Sentence) 3.复合句 （Complex Sentence)
(1)简单句的五大基本句型：
主语+连系动词+表语 Her face turned red with anger.
主语 ＋及物动词＋宾语 You can consider my suggestion. 主语＋不及物动词＋状语 This kind of cloth sells well. 主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾 He told me a secret. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补 He found the work half
1）关系副词when, where, why 的含 义相当于 “介词+ which” 结构，因此常 常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如： a) 我仍然记得（我参军的）那一天。
①I still remember the day. ②On that day I joined the army.
①Do you know the reason? ②He was late for that reason.
Do you know the reason why he was late? 或
Do you know the reason for which he was late?
Xiao Ming whose father is an engineer is the best student in our class. 注意：定语从句应紧跟在先行词的后面 （即定语从句所修饰的词）
3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物 的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语 等。 例如 ：
This is the house where we lived last year. 或 This is the house in which we lived last year. 或
This is the house which we lived in last year.
c) 你知道（他迟到的）原因吗？
a) 他就是（我昨天见到的）那个人。
①He is the man. ②I saw him yesterday.
He is the man whom I saw yesterday. b) 你认识（站在那边的）那个人吗？
①Do you know the man? ②He is standing over there.