第一次作业 (1)
[指导]几何光学第一次参考答案
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几何光学第一次作业第1题：一折射球面r=150mm ，n=1，n ’=1.5。
当物方截距分别为- 、-1000mm 、-100mm 、0mm 、100mm 、150mm 、200mm 时，求像方截距及垂轴放大率各为多少？解：由'''n n n n l l r--= 得像方截距为'''n l n n n r l=-+又因为''nl n lβ=所有当l = - 时，'l =450mm ，β=0当l = -1000mm 时，'l =643mm ，β=-3/7 当l = -100mm 时，'l =-225mm ，β=1.5当l = 0mm 时，'l =0mm ， β=1当l = 100mm 时，'l =50mm ， β=1/3 当l = 150mm 时，'l =150mm ，β=2/3 当l = 200mm 时，'l =180mm ，β=0.6第2题：在曲率半经r=200mm 的凸面镜前l= -1000 mm 处有一物高为y=100mm 的物体，求该物体经球面镜后所成像的位置和大小。
解：由'''n n n n l l r--=，令'1n n =-=得，'112l l r +=所以当r=200mm ，l= -1000 mm 时，'l =90.9mm ，则'l lβ==-0.091 'y y β== -9.1mm第4题：已知一个透镜将一物放大-3X 投影在屏幕上，当透镜向物体移近18mm 时，物体将被放大-4X ，求透镜的焦距。
解：因为f xβ=-所以根据题意有：3fx-=- ①418fx -=-+ ②解得物方焦距f = -216mm ，像方焦距'f = -f =216mm第2次作业第1题：某物镜由两个薄光组组成：f 1’=100mm ，f 2’=200mm ，d=0；在第一光组前x= —50mm 处有一物高为y=20mm的物体，求：（1）该物镜的焦距；（2）像的位置；（3）像高。
英语作业(1)
西北师范大学继续教育学院方通学校教学站2019级第一学期英语（第一次作业）专业英语姓名层次本科ⅠWord Building(1 10=10 POINTS)Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given in the brackets.1. We are greatly excited because the success of our team is really beyond expectation. (expect)2.The public hold the opinion that the only true punishment for murder is death.(punish)3. The world is in continous development every minute.(continue)4. After a long distance travel, most people are very tired, including me. (include)5.Our nature has been polluted by waste gases send off by many factories.(natural)6. Do you agree with his political view?(politics)7.I don’t know what present I should buy for her because she is so hard to please.(pleasure)8. We have kept up our friend ship for more than twenty years.(friend)9.Much improvement has been made in the safety devices of the factory.(improve)10. You have to do some physical exercises every day to keep healthy . (health)ⅡVocabulary and Structure (1 30=30 POINTS)Directions: Choose the best one from the four choices to complete the sentence.11. His friends ____ him for winning the first prize at the speech contest.( C )A. desireB. gatherC. admireD.struggle12.The table cloth has a ____ of red and white squares.( A )A. patternB. formC. styleD. way13.The guard is trying to ____ what happened in the accident to the police.( D )A. passB. devoteC. copyD. describe14.He did his best to win the girl’s ____ that he loved very much.( A )A. favorB. fondC. honorD. border15.His parents ______ the boy to do well in the entrance examination.( B )A. expertB. expectC. hopeD.express16.At first, she disliked biology very much, but ____ she began to take interest init.( D )A. properlyB. secondlyC. especiallyD. gradually17.I will tell you why the police were sent last night if you ____ not to tell others.( B)A. considerB. promiseC. understandD. permit18.The serious teacher became a(n) ____ of fear to all the students in the class.( C )A. materialB. viewC. objectD.order19.Are we going to ____ the sports meet because of the bad weather? ( C )A. get offB. take offC. put offD. keep off20.He is ____ of cooking so much that he wants to become an outstanding (出色的)cook.( B )A. finalB. fondC. desireD. favor21.Some supermarkets have ______ the prices of some of their commodities.( C )A. setB. lowedC. loweredD. lift22.Everyone was ______ at the sight of the man beating his own daughter.( A )A. shockedB. excitedC. connectedD.rewarded23.There is a layer of dust on the ______ of the desk in my room.( C )A. borderB. patternC. surfaceD. face24.The two small shops _______to make a large one.( C )A. connectedB. joinedC. combinedD. united25.She failed to _____ the final exam because of a serious cold. ( B )A. pastB. passC. crossD. across26.What is your _____ on school punishments for cheating in exams?( A )A. viewB. reviewC. effortD.support27.The tour guide______ the visitors in the hotel lobby.( C )A. collectedB. calledC. gatheredD.directed28.It is difficult for some people to ______ their situation in life. ( C )A. satisfyB. saveC. improveD.help29.Nurses _______themselves to the care of the sick.( A )A. devoteB. watchC. decideD.order30. One of the greatest_______ of life is conversation.( C )A. factsB.habitsC. pleasuresD. appearances31.Did you have any trouble ____ the office building? ( D )No, but I had a lot of difficulty ____ my work.A. to finding, onB. in finding, inC. to find, toD. finding, with32.____ from my mother, I decided to get in touch with her by telephone.( B )A. Hearing notB. Not hearingC. Not to have heardD. Ididn’t hear33.____ surprised me was ____ he couldn’t speak English at all.( D )A. That, thatB. What, whatC. Who, thatD. What,that34.He said that he ____ since five o’clock.( A )A. had been workingB. has been workingC. was workingD. could have been working35.He doesn’t look well, for he ____ for sixteen hours.( C )A. had workedB. was workingC. has been workingD. would have worked36.I hope you make yourself ____; otherwise I won’t be able to guess what youmean.( D )A. understandB. understandingC. be understandingD. understood37.How I wish that the bus ____ down on our way back home last night!( C )A. didn’t breakB. would not breakC. hadn’t brokenD.shouldn’t break38.He is ____ danger. Let’s lend him a helping hand.( A )A. inB. atC. withD. into39.The weather had cleared up so I suggested ____ picnic in the country.( B )A. we would have aB. having aC. to have aD. go to40.His teacher told him that he ____ translate the sentence word for word.( D )A. needed notB. doesn’t need toC. didn’t needD.needn’tⅢReading Comprehension (1 15=15 POINTS)Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1Hotlines （热线）have become common in China. Some radio stations use hotlines to encourage the listeners to take part in the talk shows.That's a good idea. Yet, the fact is, some people do nothing but break the whole program.Some people know little about the topic（话题）under discussion. Sometimes they do not even know what the host(主持人)is talking about. So the host has to tell the caller what the show is about. Usually the caller will ask a few questions which express his hope and show his ignorance(无知).Then the host has to answer and explain —how silly this is ! It wastes a lot of time. It seems that some people phone the hotlines in fun. They just want to let the listeners hear them. They don't care what the topic is, whether they themselves are interested in or how silly they appear to be. I'm totally bored by those people. It's necessary for radio stations to improve the hotline programs. In my opinion,if a caller doesn't know what is going on, the operator should not let the caller take part in it.41.We know from the sentence “Some people do nothing but break the wholeprogram" that____.( B )A. radio stations use hotlines in a wrong wayB. it is a factC. it is a good ideaD. some people have unclear thoughts42. The host has to answer and explain, ____ . ( B )A. for the host works hardB. because of the caller's ignoranceC. for the host likes talking to the callerD. because of a lot of questions raised by the caller43. The passage doesn't tell us the idea ________ . ( C )A. that some listeners phone the hotlines in funB. that some people just want to be heard by othersC. that some people who don't care what the topic is must have realized that they appear to be sillyD. what the hotline programs are44. Which of the following is not true? ( D )A. Some people know little about the topic under discussion.B. Some people do not know what the host is talking aboutC. Some people do not know what the show is aboutD. The writer tells us that the host is silly.45. What should the operator do if a caller doesn't know what is going on in the writer’s opinion?( B )A. not to let the caller call the programB. not let the caller take part in the programC. let the caller express his ideaD. feel bored by the caller Passage 2Stage plays（舞台剧）, at first, seem a lot like films. Both use actors and dialogue and scenery. But if you try to make a film by setting up a camera in front of the stage, you will find it won’t work. A film made in this way will leave the audience（观众）cold. And even worse you’ll be wasting a powerful tool --- the camera.A stage is actually a box. One side of the box has been removed(挪开) so the audience can see what’s going on inside. The actors remain at a fixed audience. In the film, however, the camera can bring the audience up close and fix their attention on small but important things: a frightened look, a whisper, a trembling of hands.The camera offers the film maker freedom allowing him to move easily across barriers(界限) of time and space. He can show his action in real cities and on real farms. He can also use the camera to change the scene dozens of times in one film. No expert of the stage can do this.46. The main idea of the text is that ____ . ( C )A. stage plays and films are two different kinds of artB. it is always disappointing to turn play into filmsC. films have certain advantages(长处) over stage playsD. the camera has made film making easy and possible47. What is wrong with making a film by setting up a camera before the stage ? ____( D )A. Fewer and fewer people will go to the theatre.B. The audience cannot see what is going on the stage.C. The scene cannot be changed from time to time.D. The powerful camera cannot be made good use of.48. Which of the following can show that the camera is a powerful tool ? ____( B )A. It can move easily.B. It can make small things look larger.C. It can show things in the future.D. It can give us a scene of realism （真实）.49. In what way are plays different from films? ( B )A. Films often use real scenery while plays don’t.B. Films can show the past while plays can’t.C. Films change scenes while plays don’t.D. Film audience can move while play audience can’t.50. A suitable title for this text is ____.( A )A. Stage Plays and FilmB. The Powerful CameraC. Fewer Plays, More FilmsD. Less Waste, More Freedom Passage 3The human nose has given to the language of the world many interesting expressions. Of course, this is not surprising. Without the nose, we could not breathe or smell. It is the part of the face that gives a person special character. Cyrano de Bergerac said that a large nose showed a great man courageous, manly and wise.A famous woman poet wished that she had two noses to smell a rose! Blaise Pascal made an interesting remark about Cleopatra’s（古埃及王后）nose. If it had been shorter, he said, it would have changed the whole face of the world!Man’s nose has had an important role in his imagination. Man has referred to the nose in many ways to express his emotions. Expressions dealing with the nose refer to human weakness: anger, pride, jealousy（嫉妒）and revenge（报复）.In English there are a number of phrases about the nose. For example, to hold up one’s nose expressed a basic human feeling ---pride. People can hold up their hoses at people, things and places. The phrase, to be led around by the nose, shows man’s weakness. A person who is led around by the nose lets other people control him.On the other hand, a person who follows his nose lets his instinct（本能）guide him. There are a number of others. However, it should be as plain as the nose on your face that the nose in more than an organ for breathing and smelling.51. The passage is about ______. ( B )A. an organ, with which people can breathe and smellB. the nose, which gives different and useful expressionsC. the nose giving a person special characterD. interesting remarks about the nose made by some people52. From the passage we know ______. ( C )A. “Cleopatra’s nose” changed the whole face of the world indeed.B. Cleopatra had a strong will to change the whole look of the worldC. Cleopatra’s nose was not shortD. Cleopatra hoped that people would change the whole face of the world53. The nose expressed ______. ( C )A. some human weakness or otherB. people’s shortcomingsC. people’s different emotionsD. human feeling in bad sense54. A person who follows his nose ______. ( D )A. won’t take others’ adviceB. is easily controlled by othersC. is weak-mindedD. has will of his own55. How many expressions about the nose are mentioned in the passage? ( C )A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. FiveⅣCloze (1 20=20 POINTS)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.Mrs. White gave music lessons at a school. She had a good voice, __56___ some of her high notes （高音）sounded like a door that _57__ oiling. Mrs. White knew her _58____ well, and took every _59__ she could find to practice these high notes. As she _60___a small house, she could not practice _61____ disturbing the rest of the family. So she usually went for long walks _62___the country road. But _63___ she heard a car or a person __64___ along the road, she stopped practicing. She did not want to be heard, _65___she was very shy.One afternoon, a fast open car came up behind her so _66__and so fast that she did not hear it _67___ it was only a few yards from her. She __68__ some of her highest and __69__ notes at that time. As the car passed, she saw an anxious _70____come over its driver's face. He stopped his car suddenly, _71_out and began to examine all the tires _72___. Mrs. White _73__to tell him what the noise he __74__really was. He got back into the and _75__ .(D)56. A. and B. as if C. besides D. except that(A)57. A. required B. wants C. requiring D. was(C)58. A. sound B. strength C. weakness D. music(B)59. A. place B. chance C. point D. time(C)60. A. had B. owned C. lived in D. stayed at (B)61. A. with B. without C. for D. not (D)62. A. through B. by C. near D. along (D)63. A. as B. since C. wherever D. whenever (C)64. A. step B. walk C. coming D. passed(B)65. A. then B. for C. not because D. but (A)66. A. silently B. quickly C. sudden D. slightly(A)67. A. until B. about C. while D. as(B)68. A. cried B. was practicing C. played D. wasshouting(C)69. A. excellent B. clearest C. most difficult D. easiest (A)70. A. expression B. feeling C. suffering D. condition (D)71. A. fled B. picked C. rushed D. jumped (C)72. A. slowly B. angrily C. carefully D. quickly (B)73. A. needn't B. didn't dare C. wanted D. pointed out(D)74. A. had done B. reported C. noticed D. had heard(A)75. A. drove off B. ran away C. driving out D. walked awayⅤTranslation (2.5 10=25 POINTS)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.76.问题越困难，学生们就越不可能回答出来。
离散数学第一次作业(命题逻辑) 1、证明下列各式是重言式
离散数学第一次作业（命题逻辑）
1、证明下列各式是重言式 （1）（（P∧Q）→P）↔T Ù((⎤(P∧Q) ∨ P) ↔T Ù(⎤P∨⎤Q∨P) ↔T Ù（T∨⎤Q）↔T ÙT↔T 所以此式为重言式
（2）⎤（⎤（P∨Q）→⎤ P）↔F Ù⎤（（P∨Q）∨⎤ P）↔F Ù⎤（T∨Q）↔F Ù⎤T↔F ÙF↔F 所以此式为重言式
（b）P∨QÙ⎤ ⎤（P∨Q）Ù⎤ （P↓Q）Ù（P↓Q）↓ F
（c）P∧QÙ⎤(⎤P∨⎤Q) Ù⎤ ⎤ （⎤ P↓⎤ Q）Ù⎤ P↓⎤ QÙ （公式的最简等价式： （1）（（P→Q）↔（⎤ Q→⎤ P））∧R Ù（（P→Q）↔（P→Q））∧R ÙT∧RÙR
（2）P∨⎤ P∨（Q∧⎤Q） ÙT∨FÙT
（3）（P∧（Q∧S））∨（⎤ P∧（Q∧S）） Ù（（P∨⎤ P ）∧（Q∧S））） Ù T∧（Q∧S） Ù（Q∧S）
3、（1）与非运算符↑（又叫悉菲（Sheffer）记号）用下述真值表定义，
可以看出 P↑Q⇔⎤（P∧Q），试证明：
（a）P↑P⇔⎤ P； （b）（P↑P）↑（Q↑Q）⇔ P∨Q；
（c）（P↑Q）↑（P↑Q）⇔ P∧Q
证明：
（a）P↑P⇔⎤（P∧P）⇔⎤P
(b) （P↑P）↑（Q↑Q）⇔⎤P↑⎤Q⇔⎤(⎤P∧⎤Q) ⇔ P∨Q
高级英语一解析
高级英语第一次作业1. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm. (本题2.0分) A、bombardment B、explosion C、attack D、disaster 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：22. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. What about the bomb and the misery and humanity's most heinous crime? (本题 2.0分) A、frightening B、shocking C、poisonous D、evil 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：23. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. The meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie. (本题 2.0分) A、reverence B、recovery C、daydreaming D、reminiscences 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：24. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. The mayor of Hiroshima appeared more and more agitated. (本题 2.0分) A、impatient B、irritated C、upset D、excited 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：25. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. I stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second. (本题 2.0分) A、slaughtered B、buried C、ruinedD、harmed 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：26. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. They are all dressed in national costume. (本题 2.0分) A、custom B、clothesC、customsD、clothing 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：27. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. She felt tired of his incessant complaining. (本题 2.0分) A、sharp B、continuousC、bitingD、pungent 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：28. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal embankment... (本题2.0分) A、edge B、dam C、center D、entrance 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：29. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. (本题2.0分) A、magnificent B、splendid C、impressive D、huge 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：210. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. ... we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel. (本题2.0分) A、slipped B、stumbled C、tripped D、swayed 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：211. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by... (本题 2.0分) A、marvolous B、mysterious C、tormented D、noisy 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：212. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. Hegrinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi!". (本题2.0分) A、smiledB、staredC、gazedD、laughed 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：213. ( 单选题) Choose the answers that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. (本题2.0分) A、attention B、concentration C、misgivings D、thoughts 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：214. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. They are going to _____ that old building which looks shaky. (本题2.0分) A、demolish B、abolish C、accomplish D、polish 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：215. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. This monument was _____ in honor of the memory of Shakespeare. (本题2.0分) A、ejected B、elected C、erupted D、erected 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：216. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. But later my hair began to _____ and my belly turned to water. (本题2.0分) A、come up B、fall out C、curl up D、die out 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：217. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. He is a government employee _____ trade. (本题 2.0分) A、in B、on C、withD、by 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：218. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. Time marches _____ . (本题2.0分) A、on B、up C、off D、in 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：219. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. The event is over, but the memory lingers _____ . (本题2.0分) A、away B、onC、downD、up 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：220. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. I was experiencing a _____ of embarrassment. (本题 2.0分) A、twinge B、agonyC、confusionD、gust 学生答案：C 标准答案：A 解析：得分：021. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. Hiroshima is a city _____ every one around the world. (本题2.0分) A、familiar with B、new to C、familiar to D、related to 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：222. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. Little girls and elderly ladies in Kimonos _____ teenagers and women in western dress. (本题2.0分) A、faced to face B、mixed up C、rubbed bodies with D、rubbed shoulders with 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：223. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. These objects were found at the _____ of the crime. (本题2.0分) A、place B、pointC、siteD、scene 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：224. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. He was quite oblivious _____ the danger. (本题2.0分) A、to B、in C、of D、into 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：225. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the most suitable one to replace the unerlined word in the sentence. Elsewhere there is the carpet-market, with its profusion of rich colors, varied textures and regional designs. (本题 2.0分) A、confusion B、abundanceC、mixtureD、demonstration 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：226. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the most suitable one to replace the unerlined word in the sentence. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers. (本题2.0分) A、glistening B、golden C、polished D、smooth 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：227. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the most suitable one to replace the unerlined word in the sentence. ... camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay... (本题 2.0分) A、proudly B、aimlessly C、relaxedly D、contemptuously 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：228. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the most suitable one to replace the unerlined word in the sentence. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thiryty feet high and sixty feet square. (本题2.0分) A、dark B、sad C、depressed D、spacious 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：229. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the most suitable one to replace the unerlined word in the sentence. The pressing of the linseed pulp to extract the oil is done by a vast ramshakle apparatus of beams and ropes and pulleys... (本题2.0分) A、ugly-looking B、old-fashioned C、shaky D、magnificent 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：230. ( 单选题) What figure of speech is used in the sentence? The din of the stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy. (本题2.0分) A、symbolization B、euphermism C、personification D、parallelism 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：231. ( 单选题) What figure of speech is used in the sentence? It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes... (本题2.0分) A、simile B、metaphor C、humor D、hyperbole 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：232. ( 单选题) What figure of speech is used in the sentence? The camels are in superb condition _____ muscular, massive and stately. (本题 2.0分) A、metaphor B、alliteration C、persinification D、irony 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：233. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. Pull this handle to _____ machine _____ . (本题2.0分) A、set ... in motion B、pull ... away C、drive ... out D、put ... out 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：234. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. She wanted $ 100 for the dress, but I _____ her down to $80. (本题2.0分) A、turnedB、beatC、putD、pressed 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：235. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. The effects of the recession are _____ on every aspect of our lives. (本题2.0分) A、carryingB、impringingC、turningD、tackling 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：236. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. Blood was _____ out of the wound on his leg. (本题2.0分) A、rushing B、runningC、sprinklingD、oozing 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：237. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. She always _____ being punctual because she is afraid of being late for class. (本题2.0分) A、makes a point of B、makes a difference of C、puts off D、fears for 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：238. ( 单选题) Choose from the following choices the best one to complete the sentence. The shapes of the buildings in the city _____ into the night. (本题2.0分) A、died out B、withered away C、faded away D、melted into 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：239. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. In the food-market, you can buy everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner. (本题2.0分) A、delicious B、costly C、wasteful D、unpalatable 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：240. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. Then there is teh spice-market, with its pungent and exotic smells. (本题2.0分) A、poisonous B、harmful C、pleasing D、unusual 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：241. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. The teacher poured down his pungent remarks about my lateness. (本题2.0分) A、biting B、strong C、encouraging D、discouraging 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：242. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. As dawn broke, the outline of a building became distinct against the sky. (本题 2.0分) A、distinctive B、dim C、obvious D、splendid 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：243. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. One of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is the copper-smith's market. (本题2.0分) A、annoying B、vivid C、pastoral D、striking 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：244. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. He may face persecution if he returns to his homeland. (本题2.0分) A、charge B、arrestC、punishmentD、oppression 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：245. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. You have to live in the city and understand its peculiarities. (本题2.0分) A、characteristics B、characters C、personalities D、disadvantages 学生答案：C 标准答案：A 解析：得分：046. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, over-whelmed by the sepulchral atmostphere, follow suit. (本题 2.0分) A、dismal B、happy C、joyful D、discouraging 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：247. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. Would-be purchasers argued and bargained vigorously. (本题 2.0分) A、future B、strong-willed C、determined D、possible 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：248. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. It's conceivable that she's been delayed at work. (本题 2.0分) A、possible B、enjoyable C、imaginable D、controllable 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：249. ( 单选题) Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word in the sentence. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern. (本题4.0分) A、 a weak light B、 a strong light C、looking in an angry way D、looking in an annoying way 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：4 返回高级英语第二次作业1. (阅读理解题)TEXT A A recent talk by games academic Jane McGonigal has re-ignited discussion on the role they play in our society. Traditionally, the debate has centered on whether they are “damaging”or merely “harmless fun”. But McGonigal is a games advocate. Her belief is that games are actually good for us. In order to solve the world’s most urgent problems, McGonigal says, we need to play more games because gaming creates people who are solution-focused, collaborative, optimistic and hard-working. This position is interesting, although open to the obvious critique that, unlike in-game challenges, real-world problems are not set up to be rewarding, interesting or even soluble, so framing them as a game is likely to lead nowhere. But there’s certainly potential in using game-like mechanics to encourage us to do things we otherwise might not want to: such as the S2H fitness monitor, which allows users to claim rewards for physical activity. The wider point ------ whether playing games actually improves any of our skills ---- is still open for debate and research. V arious studies have shown that playing certain games can increase players’ visual attention, fine motor sk ills and spatial reasoning. Intuitively, it is not surprising that practicing skills involving fast responses and complicated physical maneuvers might make us better at them. But is this a reason to play games, or a useful position for gaming advocates? A s a novelist, I’ve always found the idea of promoting reading because it improves cognitive skills deeply depressing. Reading is a wonderful thing not because it makes our brains better but because it is enjoyable, enriching and gives us new experiences: just like games. Once someone has told you that something is good for you, it immediately becomes less attractive. I’m not sure it’s necessary to say that playing games will save the world or improve us. Can’t we just have fun?(1). ( 单选题) 1. Why has Jane McGonagal’s position re-ignited discussion? (本题5.0分) A、 Her viewpoint on playing games is very different from the traditional ones.B、 She believes games can create collaborative, optimistic and diligent people.C、 She thinks problems in real world can be solved as a game.D、 She claims that playing games stimulate our interest. 学生答案：C 标准答案：A 解析：得分：0(2). ( 单选题) Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? (本题5.0分)A、 Game-like mechanics may encourage people to try something new.B、 Certain games help to improve players’capacity of reasoning.C、 Playing games actually improves players’skills.D、 Certain games can improve players’speed of response.学生答案：D 标准答案：C 解析：得分：0(3). ( 单选题) What should be the purpose of promoting reading according to the author? (本题5.0分) A、 To broaden readers’eyesight. B、 To make readers more intelligent. C、 To improve readers’visual attention D、To please readers 学生答案：C 标准答案：D 解析：得分：0(4). ( 单选题) Throughout the passage, the author is in his attitude towards playing games(本题5.0分) A、favorable B、critical C、 neutral D、hesitant 学生答案：B 标准答案：A 解析：得分：02. (阅读理解题)TEXT B Open up most fashion magazines and you will see incredibly thin models with impossible hair and wearing unreasonably expensive, impracticably styled clothes. But shouldn’t clothes be comfortably durable and make a principle of being simple for the individual who wears them? Why are we constantly told that we need to buy new clothes and add fresh pieces to our collection? Fashions change year after year so lots of people can make piles of money. If folks are convinced that they need a different look each season, that this year’s sweater’s length and shoes style are important, they can be persuaded to buy. The fashion industry would have you ignore your shortcomings and just make you feel beautiful and happy. In fact it is not only a phenomenon we can find in people’s dressing. Fashion controls our lives. Fashion controls what we wear, what we eat, what we drink, the way we cut our hair, the makeup we buy and use, the color of the cars we drive. Fashion ev en controls our ideas. You don’t believe me? How many of your friends are vegetarians? Why are they vegetarians? Because it is fashionable! Where does fashion come from? Often the reasons are quite logical. Scientists and historians study the fashions of the past and discover the secrets of each fashion. When girls see an attractive guy, their blood pressure rises and their lips become redder. That’s why guys think girls wearing lipstick are beautiful. Why do guys shave their heads? In the past soldiers shaved their heads to kill the insects that lived in their hair. Now guys shave their heads so that they look strong and masculine, like soldiers. People spend a lot of time and money on fashion. But are they wasting their money? Changes in fashion help to develop new technologies. Changes in style create work for people all over the world. Many people work in the fashion industry, particularly in the fashion capitals of London, New York, Paris and Milan. And finally, fashion makes you feel good, doesn’t it? When you are dressed in the latest style, dancing to the most fashionable music, after watching the latest hit film, you feel great, don’t you?(1). ( 单选题) What’s the author’s viewpoint about the models and their hairstyles and clothes?(本题 4.0分) A、Unbiased. B、Indifferent. C、CriticalD、Appreciative. 学生答案：D 标准答案：C 解析：得分：0(2). ( 单选题) It is indicated by the author that clothes should be (本题 4.0分)A、comfortable and durableB、new and freshC、expensive and fashionableD、simple and unique 学生答案：C 标准答案：A 解析：得分：0(3). ( 单选题) The fashion industry makes profits by (本题4.0分) A、selling the products at high prices B、creating a need in you C、helping you get rid of your shortcomings D、making you look more beautiful 学生答案：C 标准答案：B 解析：得分：0(4). ( 单选题) The author thinks what has been found about fashions by the scientists and the historians is(本题 4.0分) A、incredible B、amazing C、reasonable D、creative 学生答案：C 标准答案：C 解析：得分：4(5). ( 单选题) The passage mentions the advantages of fashion EXCEPT that (本题4.0分) A、It can help promote technological development B、It enables people to remain up-to-date C、It can create more job opportunities for people D、It can make people achieve a great feeling 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：43. (阅读理解题)TEXT C One day one of my self-proclaimed Month of Gratitude, my five-year-old son woke up “bored” at 5:15 a.m., I spied a speeding ticket in my wife’s purse, and our water heater spluttered to its death as I was getting into the shower. Ordinarily, I would have started complaining and the day would’ve been off to an ugly start. But this day was different. How cute my child’s dimples (酒窝) are. How fetching my wife’s taste for adventure. Only 29 days to go. Just a week earlier, as I struggled with the feeling that I’d been put on the earth to load and unload the dishwasher, I’d de cided it was time to end my reflexive complaining. But it wasn’t simply the little things that were annoying me. All of a sudden, my friends were dealing with bad news ---- cancer diagnoses, divorce, and job loss. Shouldn’t I be celebrating my relative goo d fortune? I’d heard about the feel-good benefits of a gratitude attitude. Hoping for tips, I called professor Emmons, who pioneered research on the benefits of positive thinking. Emmons quoted new studies that indicated that even pretending to be thankful raises levels of the chemicals associated with pleasure and contentment. He recommended keeping a log of everything I’m grateful for in a given week or month. I followed his suggestions, but my first attempts at keeping a gratitude list were pretty weak: coffee, naps, caffeine in general. As my list grew, I found more uplift: freshly picked blueberries; the Beatles’ White Album; that I’m not bald. By day three, I was on a tear, thanking every grocery bagger and parent on the playground like I’d just won an Oscar and hanging Post-it notes to remind myself of the next day’s thank-you targets: the mailman, my Allegiance effect. “if you overdo gratitude, it loses its meaning or, worse, becomes a chore,” professor Emmons told me when I mentioned my slump. Be selective, he advised, and focus on thanking the unsung heroes in your life. Then professor Emmons suggested a “gratitude visit.” Think of a person who has made a major difference in your life and whom you’ve never properly thanked. Compose a detailed let ter to him or her that expresses your appreciation in concrete terms, then read it aloud, face-to-face. I immediately flashed on Miss Riggi, my eighth-grade English teacher. She was the first one to open my eyes to Hemingway, Faulkner, and other literary giants. To this day, I am guided by her advice (“Never be boring”). I booked plane tickets to my hometown, Scranton, Pennsylvania. Miss Riggi was shorter than I remember, though unmistakable with her still long, black hair and bright, intelligent eyes. After a slightly awkward hug and small talk, we settled in. I took a deep breath and read. “I want to thank you in person for the impact you’ve had on my life,” I began. “Nearly 30 years ago, you introduced my eighth-grade class to the wonders of the written word. Your passion for stories and characters and your enthusiasm for words made me realize there was a world out there that made sense to me.” And whether it was Miss Riggi’s enormous smile when I finished the letter, or the way she held it close as we said goodbye, my feeling of peace and joy remained long after I returned home. Since then, I have written several more gratitude letters, and my wife and I both summon our “training” when we fee l saddled by life. The unpleasant matters are still there, but appreciation, I’ve learned, has an echo ---- and it’s loud enough to drown out the grumbling of one man emptying the dishwasher.(1). ( 单选题) The author didn’t start complaining when he met with unpleasant experiences because(本题3.3分) A、He thought the day was different from before B、It was one ofhis self-proclaimed day of Gratitide C、His son became more cute and his wife more adventurous D、He could manage these little unhappy things in life 学生答案：B 标准答案：B 解析：得分：3.3(2). ( 单选题) According to the passage, what did professor Emmons propose to have a gratitude attitude(本题3.3分) A、Making oneself appear to be grateful B、Keeping an elaborate dairy C、Thinking positively in a given time D、Recording everything appreciated for a certain time 学生答案：D 标准答案：D 解析：得分：3.3(3). ( 单选题) According to the context, “gratitude visit”in Paragraph Six refers to (本题 3.3分) A、Visit someone with a detailed letter B、Call on someone with an appreciated letter C、See someone you are indebted to D、See someone personally 学生答案：B 标准答案：C 解析：得分：0(4). ( 单选题) The author’s reunion with his English teacher, Miss Riggi, shows that (本题3.3分) A、The author was desperate to see his teacher B、His teacher had great impact on him C、His teacher still had a deep impression of the author D、The author wanted to testify the professor’s proposal 学生答案：D 标准答案：B 解析：得分：0 (5). ( 单选题) The last paragraph shows that (本题3.3分) A、Professor Emmons’suggestions were effective to the author. B、Professor Emmons’suggestions were unpractical to the author C、The author and his wife learn how to show gratitude to others D、Professor Emmons’suggestions were considered as unacceptable 学生答案：A 标准答案：A 解析：得分：3.3(6). ( 单选题) Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage(本题3.5分)A、How to pay a gratitude visitB、How to make matters differentlyC、How to be thankful and improve your lifeD、How to become an appreciated man 学生答案：B 标准答案：C 解析：得分：04. (阅读理解题)TEXT D When I was a child in Bra in Italy, hardly any mothers had a job, grandmothers lived with their children and grandchildren and lunch and dinner were rites you couldn’t miss. Even if the world was collapsing around you, you would go home at a set time, sit down at the table and eat a full meat fondly prepared by the women of the house. Most ingredients came from local markets, though a lot of the vegetables were grown directly in our allotments, and meat came from animals raised by friends or acquaintances. The most “exotic” foods were bought at the neighborhood grocer’s shop. This typically Ita lian family scene has changed radically. In the 1960s and 1970s, the advent of supermarkets and cheap, mass-produced food swathed community-based economies. The boom years brought new freedom and money to spend, on food but also on leisure. Women were emancipated at last and startled to go out to work. Convenience foods were all the rage. Home-baked cakes and handmade pasta were out; factory-produced replicas were in. In the late 1980s, food processing became an out-and-out revolution. In the subsequent loss of domestic and artisanal (手工制作的) savoir-faire, traditional produce and biodiversity were threatened. The food production revolution that transformed Europe and North America meant more and cheaper food for all. But there were negative effects, too: environmental harm and a loss of cultural identity. Now that emerging nations are following in our footsteps, the downside is evident. If we can’t force those countries who are starting to glimpse emancipation from poverty to avoid our bad examples, we can at least propose more sustainable models of producing food. It is important to trigger the virtuous processes that lead to food that tastes great, is ecologically benign, and is produced and consumed in a way that is fair to all. We must look tothe past. We need to learn from what we have forgotten or set aside in the name of modernity. The values of rural societies are the values we have to restore to our food, and hence to our culture. These values teach us that food is better when it is fresh and seasonal, when it is produced close to home, and when it is eaten with the people we love. I’m not advocating a return to the family scene of my childhood; such environments were often indicative of poverty and social backwardness. And going back to the old days would force women back into the kitchen. But we can find ideas in the past that we might apply in our increasingly complex society, and so ensure a serene future for ourselves and the earth. Food is central to our lives. It would be wrong to turn it into nothing more than a fuel enabling us to move faster, hence accelerating the consumption of the earth and its resources. In fact, it would be the worst mistake we could ever make.(1). ( 单选题) We can learn from the beginning of the passage (本题 4.0分)A、Women were not willing to go out for work in the pastB、Families ate lunch at a fixed time at homeC、Most of the vegetables people ate were produced by themselvesD、Foods sold in the grocer’s shop were rare and fresh 学生答案：A 标准答案：C 解析：得分：0(2). ( 单选题) “out-and-out”in Paragraph 2 means (本题4.0分) A、completeB、 successfulC、controversialD、futile 学生答案：B 标准答案：A 解析：得分：0(3). ( 单选题) which of the following statements about changes that took place after 1960s in INCORRECT(本题 4.0分) A、There were more supermarkets and food was cheap B、Women were freed from house chores and began to work C、Home-baked cakes and handmade pasta disappeared D、Traditional produce was threatened due to environmental pollution 学生答案：C 标准答案：D 解析：得分：0(4). ( 单选题) We can learn from Paragraph 5 that (本题4.0分) A、The author felt disappointed at the food production revolution B、Food is most delicious when it is fresh and homemade C、The author would rather go back to his childhood D、Applying ideas in the past to modern society would do us good 学生答案：C 标准答案：D 解析：得分：0(5). ( 单选题) The main purpose of the passage is (本题4.0分) A、To describe the Italian tradition B、To explain the needs of modern food processing C、To raise concern about sustainable food-producing D、To persuade parents to make more-homemade food 学生答案：B 标准答案：C 解析：得分：05. (阅读理解题) It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. “My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to him one day, “have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?” Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. “But it is,” returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.” Mr. Bennet made no answer. “Do you not want to kn ow who has taken it?” cried his wife impatiently. “You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.” This was invitation enough. “Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it, that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before。
第一次作业参考答案
1
A A
8
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f ,5
5 a,8
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238 1 2.416 583.5
235
2.7
1.692
680.9 1 1.72%
9、设核燃料中 235U 的富集度为 3.2%(重量)，试求其 235U 与 238U 的核子数之比。
解：设 235U 与 238U 的核子数之比为 ，则富集度为
解：查表得： f ,5 583.5 b，a,5 680.9 b，a,8 2.70 b， a,c 0.0034 b
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热中子利用系数：
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5
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235
故消耗的 U 量为
m (1 ) 3.125 1010 Eth A103 NA
(1 0.169) 3.125 1010 1.8 1012 235 103
0.0257kg
6.022 1023
8．(1) 计算并画出中子能量为 0.0253eV 时的富集铀的参数 与富集度的函数关系。
8
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电大-行政伦理学-第一次作业(附答案)
行政伦理学作业一1单项选择题（每小题1分，30小题，共30分）（总分30.00）1.下面关于行政作风的论述中，正确的是（）（1.00分）A.行政作风即行政办事作风B.行政作风仅指行政机关的工作作风C.行政作风与行政人员的个人气质无关D.行政作风仅指行政人员的个人作风2.对于行政伦理关系来说，首要的原则是（）。
（1.00分）A.爱民B.民主C.公平D.廉政3.在行政伦理的观念体系中，最根本的是（）。
（1.00分）A.公私权利关系B.公私利益关系C.个人与社会的关系D.权利义务关系4.关于行政道德的本质和发展规律的科学是（）。
（1.00分）A.行政道德学B.政治伦理学C.行政伦理学D.管理伦理学5.优良行政作风的养成过程一般包括认知阶段、认同阶段和（）。
（1.00分）A.提高阶段B.总结阶段C.评价阶段D.践行阶段6.把公平当作各种德行的总称的古希腊思想家是（）。
（1.00分）A.亚里士多德B.苏格拉底C.柏拉图D.西塞罗7.中国古代正义思想的主流可以说是（）。
（1.00分）A.天道正义观B.自然正义观C.强力正义观D.神学正义观8.行政作风是行政道德的构成要素和行政道德的（）。
（1.00分）A.主观努力B.客观基础C.内在体现D.外在显现9.行政作风形成的基础和根本途径是行政人员的（）。
（1.00分）A.行政管理实践B.思想政治教育C.行政能力培养D.知识理论学习10.专门行使行政权力和制定公共政策的系统是（）。
（1.00分）A.管理系统B.行政系统C.执行系统D.政治系统11.在行政作风的养成过程中，道德修养能否成功达标的关键阶段是（）。
（1.00分）A.总结阶段B.认知阶段C.认同阶段D.践行阶段12.行政伦理观的价值目标是（）。
（1.00分）A.培养正确的权力观B.提高行政效率C.健全行政法治D.确立和完善行政人格13.思想政治工作的“重中之重”是（）。
（1.00分）A.增强法治观念B.加强制度建设C.加强理想与信念教育D.提高道德水平14.伦理目标的确立，为行政人员履行职责的行为提供了（）。
第一次 作业答案
第二章财务管理的基础知识一、计算题1.某企业年初投资100万元生产一种新产品，预计每年年末可得净收益10万元，投资年限为10年，年利率为5%。
【要求】（1）计算该投资项目年收益的现值和终值。
（2）计算年初投资额的终值。
解：（1）年收益现值P= 10×（P/A，5%，10）= 10×= (万元)年收益终值F= 10×（F/A，5%，10）=10×=（万元）（2）年初投资额终值F=100×（F/P，5%，10）=100×=（万元）2.某人准备5年后支付一笔10 000元的款项，年利率为5%。
【要求】计算此人现在应存入银行多少钱，5年的复利利息为多少元。
解：复利现值P=10000×（P/F，5%，5）=10000×=7835（元）复利利息I=F-P=10000-7835=2165（元）3.某企业2003年年初投资一个项目，预计从2006年起至2010年每年年末可获得净收益20万元，年利率为5%。
【要求】计算该投资项目年净收益的终值和现值。
解:年净收益的终值F=20×（F/A，5%，5）=20×=（万元）年收益的现值P=20×[（P/A，i，m+n）﹣（P/A，i，m） =20×[（P/A，5%，8）﹣（P/A，5%，3）=20×（﹣）=（万元）4.某企业投资一个项目，每年年初投入10万元，连续投资3年，年利率为5%。
【要求】（1）计算该项目3年后的投资总额（2）若3年的投资额于年初一次性投入，投资总额是多少？解：（1）预付年金终值F=10×（F/A，5%，3）×（1+5%）=10××=（万元）（2）预付年金现值P=10×（P/A，5%，3）×（1+5%） =10××=（万元）投资项目的年利率为8%，每季度复利一次。
电大行政管理本科《当代中国政治制度》形考网上作业答案好
电大行政管理本科《当代中国政治制度》形考网上第一次作业答案（河南平台）第一次作业1一、单项选择题(每小题1分，10小题，共10分)1-5.B D. B A. D 6-10. C A D A B二、多项选择题(每小题2分，共10分)1. A B D E F2. A B E3. B D F4. B C E F5. A B C D E F三、简答题(每小题10分，共20分)1.中国当代政治制度有哪些基本内容？参考答案：答：中华人民共和国政治制度的基本内容应当包括：人民民主专政制度，宪法制度，政党制度，人民代表大会制度，国家元首制度，国家行政制度，民族区域自治制度，特别行政区制度，司法制度，军事制度，干部人事制度，多党合作和政治协商制度，选举制度，以及基层自治与民主制度等。
2.简述中国共产党的执政方式。
参考答案：答：组织和领导国家的立法和执法活动；加强对人民军队的领导；领导和管理干部工作；组织和动员社会；重视思想政治工作。
四、论述题1.联系实际说明宪法的基本原则。
参考答案：答：宪法的基本原则主要有人民主权原则、人权保障原则、权力制约原则和法治原则。
人民主权原则：主权是指一个国家所拥有的独立自主地处理其内外事务的最高权力。
人民主权原则指的是国家中的绝大多数人拥有国家的最高权力，或者说国家的一切权力属于人民。
社会主义国家确立了人民主权的原则，在宪法中予以确认，并且规定了人民行使主权的方式。
人权保障原则：人权是指人依据其自然属性和社会本质所应平等享有的权利。
社会主义国家在本质上由人民当家作主，人民在国家生活中处于主导的支配地位，而公民的权利和自由是人民当家作主的首要前提和直接表现，这就必然要求通过各种途径和形式来确保公民能够享受各种权利和自由。
因此，社会主义国家理所应当地在宪法中确认了人权保障原则。
权力制约原则：权力制约原则是指国家权力的各部分之间相互牵制、彼此约束、互相监督，以保障国家权力正常运行并进而保障公民权利的原则。
第一次作业及参考答案
第一次作业：第一章一．名词解释：1．饱和空气2．未饱和空气3．制冷4．露点温度5．含湿量6．绝对湿度7. 相对湿度二．简答题：1．空气调节的定义与客车空调装置的任务2．说明制冷与空调的区别和联系3．空气的干球温度、湿球温度和露点温度有什么区别？三者之间的关系如何？4．确定空调装置外气计算参数的方法是什么？5．空气的相对湿度与含湿量有何区别？空气的枯燥程度与吸湿能力大小由那个参数反映？6．白天空气的温度为30℃，相对湿度为50%，夜间温度下降至20℃，夜间会出现结露吗？夜间的相对湿度是多少？7．冷却、冷藏、冷冻都有什么区别？8．焓湿图由哪几种线群组成？9．列车空调系统主要由哪几个根本局部组成？各局部的用作是什么？第一次作业参考答案一．名词解释：1．饱和空气：干空气和饱和水蒸汽的混合物称为饱和空气。
2．未饱和空气：干空气和过热水蒸汽的混合物称为过饱和空气。
3．制冷：用一定的方法使某物体或空间的温度低于周围环境介质的温度，并且使其维持在某一范围内，这个过程称为制冷。
4．露点温度：指某一状态的空气,在含湿量不变时,降温至饱和状态时的温度。
5．含湿量：随一公斤干空气同时存在的水蒸汽质量，称为湿空气的含湿量〔g〕。
6．绝对湿度：每立方米湿空气中所含水蒸汽的质量，称为空气的绝对湿度。
7．相对湿度：一立方米湿空气中所含水蒸汽的质量，与同一温度下饱和空气中所含水蒸汽质量的比值称为相对湿度。
二．简答题：1. 空气调节的定义与客车空调装置的任务答：空气调节：把经过一定处理后的空气，以一定的方式送入室内，使室内空气的温度、相对湿度、气流速度和干净度等控制在适当范围内的专门技术。
客车空调装置的任务是将一定量的车外新鲜空气和车内再循环空气混合后，经过过滤、冷却或加热、减湿或加湿等处理，以一定的流速送入车内，并将车内一定量的污浊空气排出车外。
答：制冷：用人工的方法在一定时间和空间内将某物体或流体冷却，使其温度低于周围环境介质的温度，并保持这个低温的过程。
第一次作业及答案
乙： 6������ + (1 − ������) = ������ + 6(1 − ������) 得到������ = 0.5
因此存在一个混合策略纳什均衡(0.5, 0.5)
3.（Hotelling 模型）假定有一个城市，用一条长度为 1 的线段表示，消费者均匀地分布在这 个线段上，消费者的总测度为 1。厂商 1 和厂商 2 分别处于线段的 ������ 和 1 − ������ 点，其中 ������ + ������ ≤ 1。厂商的边际成本为 ������。每个消费者有一单位的产品需求，从消费者的位置移动到 厂商需要耗费的成本为二次的，即距离 ������ 给消费者带来的负效用为 ������������2。求解这个模型的 纳什均衡。
2
������ − ������
������ − ������
������1 = ������ + ������(1 − ������ − ������) (1 + 3 ) ������2 = ������ + ������(1 − ������ − ������) (1 + 3 )
资产评估作业
资产评估作业第一次作业1 ．某企业将某项资产与国外企业合资，要求对资产进行评估。
具体资料如下：该资产账面原值为270 万元，净值108 万元，按财务制度规定该资产折旧年限为30 年，已计折旧年限20 年。
经调查分析确定，按现在市场材料价格和工资费用水平，新建造相同构造的资产的全部费用支出为480 万元。
经查询原始资料和企业记录，该资产截至评估基准日的法定利用时间为57 600 小时，实际累计利用时间50 400 小时。
经专业人员估算，该资产还能使用8 年。
又知该资产由于设计不合理，造成耗电量大，维修费用高，与现在同类标准资产比较，每年多支出营运成本3 万元（该企业所得税税率为25 % ，假定折现率为10 % ）。
要求根据上述资料，采用成本法对该资产进行评估。
2 ．评估对象为某企业1998 年购进的一条生产线，账面原值为巧。
万元，2001 年进行评估，经调查分析确定，该生产线的价格每年比上一年增长10 % ，经专业人员估算认为，该资产还能使用6 年。
又知，目前市场上已出现功能更先进的此类设备并被普遍运用，新设备与评估对象相比，可节省人员3 人，每人的月工资水平为650 元。
此外，由于市场竞争的加剧，使该生产线开工不足，由此而造成收益损失额每年为20 万元（该所得税税率为25 % ，假定折现率为10 % ）。
要求根据上述资料，采用成本法对该资产进行评估。
3 ．某企业进行股份制改组，根据企业过去经营情况和未来市场形势，预测其未来五年的收益额分别是13 万元、14 万元、H 万元、12 万元和15 万元。
根据银行利率及经营风险情况确定其折现率和资本化率分别为10 ％和n ％。
试采用年金法确定该企业的整体价值。
4 ．评估机组为5 年前购置，账面价值为20 万元人民币，评估时该机组已不再生产了，已经被新型机组取代。
经调查和咨询了解到，在评估时点，其他企业购置薪型机组的取得价格为30 万元人民币，专家认定被评估机组与新型机组的功能比为0.8 ，被评估机组尚可使用8 年。
社交礼仪概论第一次作1
社交礼仪概论第一次作业判断题：（共20题每题2分）1、“张教授”属于称呼中的职称称呼。
( )参考答案：正确2、在法庭上，一位农村老年妇女的官司胜诉了，她激动地称呼女法官：“她大姐呀，你可帮了俺的大忙了。
”请判断这位老年妇女使用的称呼正确与否。
参考答案：错误3、在社交活动中，对异性朋友，可以不称其姓，直呼其名.（）参考答案：错误4、在进行自我介绍时，可以随时进行。
（ )参考答案:错误5、若被介绍者双方地位、身份之间存在明显差异，那么身份地位为尊者的一方应当先被介绍给另一方.（）参考答案：错误6、自己手上很脏，来不及擦干净，但这时别人已伸出手来，不好意思拒绝，可以伸出手去握。
（）参考答案:错误7、男士握女士的手时只需握住女士四个手指即可。
（ )参考答案：错误8、接受他人名片时，应恭恭敬敬，双手捧接,并道感谢.（）参考答案：正确9、收到名片应立刻放入皮夹。
( ）参考答案：错误10、在各种社交场合,涉及对方年龄、健康、经历等话题应忌谈。
（) 参考答案:正确11、路上相逢，可以寒暄“上哪儿去"？（ )参考答案：错误12、打电话时，一般说话的语速语调和平常的一样就行了,长途电话可以大喊. 参考答案:错误13、接电话应迅速，电话铃声一响就应立即接通。
（）参考答案：错误14、应尽快对收到的邮件进行回复。
( )参考答案：正确15、发电子邮件时可将正文栏空白只发送附件。
( )参考答案:错误16、托请他人代交的信件，原则上应尽量封闭信封.（）参考答案：错误17、在接受他人相赠的礼品后，应当尽可能地当着对方的面，将礼品包装当场拆封.（ )参考答案：正确18、在赠送礼品时,最好不要说“没有准备，临时才买的”,“没有什么好东西,凑合着用吧”等等诸如此类的自我贬低的话。
（）参考答案：正确19、中国人赞赏的荷花能用来送给日本友人。
（ )参考答案：错误20、桃花相比梅花更适合送给广东的朋友。
（ )参考答案：正确单选题:（共5道试题，每题4分）1、一位病人走进某诊室的，对大夫说：“师傅,我牙疼的厉害,麻烦您给看看”。
数据库系统原理-作业1-参考答案
《数据库系统原理》第一次作业（第九周小课交，用学院统一的作业封面，题目可以打印，答题内容必需手写。
）一、 单项选择题1、数据库系统的核心是（ B ）。
A 、数据库B 、数据库管理系统C 、数据库管理员D 、数据模型2、下列有关数据库的描述，正确的是（ A ）。
A 、数据库是一个结构化的数据集合B 、数据库是一个关系C 、数据库是一个DBF 文件D 、数据库是一组文件3、商品和顾客两个实体之间的联系一般是（ D ）。
A 、一对一B 、一对多C 、多对一D 、多对多4、模式和内模式（ A ）。
A 、只能各有一个B 、最多只能有一个C 、至少两个D 、可以有多个5、用二维表结构表示实体及实体之间联系的模型是（ A ）。
A 、关系模型B 、网状模型C 、层次模型D 、以上三个都是6、在数据库管理系统提供的语言中，负责数据的查询、及增、删、改等操作的是（ D ）。
A 、数据定义语言 B 、数据控制语言 C 、数据转换语言 D 、数据操纵语言7、在数据库中存储的是（ B ）。
A 、数据B 、数据和数据之间的联系C 、信息D 、数据模型的定义8系和学生两个实体之间的联系一般是（ B ）。
A 、一对一B 、一对多C 、多对一D 、多对多9、同一关系模型的任意两个元组（ B ）。
A 、可以完全相同B 、不能完全相同C 、必须完全相同D 、以上都不对10、设有如下关系表：则下列操作中正确的是：（ D ）。
A 、T=R ∩S B 、T=R ×S C 、T=R/S D 、R=T-S11、在SQL 的SELECT 语句中，能实现投影操作的是（ B ）。
A、FROMB、SELECTC、GROUP BYD、WHERE12、设有一个关系模式： S(SNo,SN,Sex,Age)，其中SNo,SN,Sex,Age分别表示：学号，姓名，性别，年龄。
要检索“年龄大于20岁学生的姓名”的关系代数式是（B）。
A. σSN(∏Age>20(S))B.∏SN(σAge>20(S))C. ∏SN(∏Age>20(S))D. σSN(σAge>20(S))13、SQL集数据查询、数据操纵、数据定义和数据控制于一体，语句ALTER TABLE 实现下列哪类功能（A）。
课程论 第一次作业
课程论第一次作业（一）以例证方式分析心理学对课程编制的影响。
答：心理学对课程的影响，最明显地反映在课程编制过程的各个方面。
首先，尽管课程目标的实质内容主要是由社会和经济制度、哲学思想和办学宗旨等方面的考虑所规定的，但心理学原理有助于我们在确定目标时采用什么样的形式来表达，或确定目标能够达到何种程度。
因为除非课程目标与学生的内部条件相一致，否则是没有什么实际意义的。
泰勒把心理学作为过滤各种提议的课程目标的"筛子”，即要剔除那些经过课程学习无法达到的目标，现已得到广泛的认可。
布卢姆等人构建的教育目标分类学，尽管引起了各种争议，但这促使我们去考虑制定课程目标是为了表述理想的愿望，还是为了便于客观的评价，抑或是为了这两者。
其次，在课程内容的选择和组织方面，心理学通常被认为是最有用的。
（1）动机在学生学习中具有重要作用；内在动机比外在动机的学习效果更好些。
（2）学生的主动参与对学习效果关系重大；参与既包括外显的也包括内隐的。
（3）学生只有在面临问题时，才会认真思考，并从学习中获得满足感；应当鼓励学生尝试各种新的解决问题办法。
（4）过于容易或过于困难的问题都会抵制学生学习的积极性，要为学生制定走出他们现有水平、同时又是通过努力能够达到的准则。
总之，课程编制者在选择课程内容时，不仅要根据教材所包括的知识的难易程度，而且应该根据这些知识对学生思考能力所提出的挑战的高度。
由此可见，整个课程编制过程都与心理学生原理发生一定的关系。
（二）试述泰勒的课程设计模式。
答：（1）任何科目的课程设计都必须围绕课程目标、课程内容、教学组织和教学评估这四个方面来进行。
（2）在课程目标方面，教育设计者不仅要对课程的性质与特点作出界定，而且还要对课程的总体目标和具体目的进行规定。
（3）在确定了课程目标后，教育设计者需要对课程的内容以及相关的教学活动进行选择，使教学能够达到预定的目标和目的。
（4）在教学组织方面，教育设计者应当对已经确定的课程内容和教学活动进行系统有效的组织与安排，使其能够顺利地实施。
第一次作业答案
第一章《软件工程概述》作业答案一、名词解释1.软件软件是计算机程序以及开发、使用和维护程序所需要的所有文档。
软件是包括程序、数据及其相关文档的完整集合。
2.软件危机软件生产的进度、数量、质量、成本满足不了社会对软件的需求量和希望的现象，称为“软件危机”。
软件工程IEEE[IEE93]：软件工程是将系统的、规范的、可度量的工程化方法应用于软件开发、运行和维护的全过程及上述方法的研究。
4.软件生存周期软件生存周期是指一个软件从提出开发要求开始直到不再使用（报废）为止的整个时期。
5.软件过程模型软件过程指为获得高质量软件所需要完成的一系列任务以及完成这些任务的工作步骤。
过程还规定了运用的方法的顺序、应该交付的文档资料、为保证软件质量和协调变化所需要采取的管理措施、任务完成的标志等。
软件过程模型也叫软件生存期模型、软件工程范型，是软件过程的一种抽象表示。
二、填空题1、在信息处理和计算机领域内，一般认为软件是程序、数据和文档的集合。
2、软件生产的发展经历了程序设计时代、程序系统时代和软件工程时代，各时代的生产方式分别是个体、作方式和工程化。
3、软件生存周期的8个阶段分别是问题定义、可行性研究、需求分析、概要设计、详细设计、编码与模块测试、综合测试、维护。
4、软件工程是利用工程化的原理和方法来进行开发、维护和管理软件的一门学科。
5、描述软件开发过程中各种活动如何执行的模型称为软件过程模型。
6、瀑布模型不适应需求可变的软件开发，只有到最后才能见到整个软件系统。
7、软件产品的生产主要是研制，软件产品的成本主要体现在人力成本上。
8、软件工程面临的问题有软件费用、可靠性、可维护性、生产率。
三、单项选择题1、软件文档是（ C ）。
A.程序B.工具C.文书和资料D.数据2、软件是一种（ B ）性工业产品A.理论B.知识（或逻辑）C.消耗D.体力3、与计算机科学的理论研究不同，软件工程是一门（ B ）的学科。
A．理论性 B.工程性 C.原理性 D.心理性4、软件工程与计算机科学的性质不同，软件工程着重于（ B ）A．理论研究 B.建造软件系统 C.原理探讨 D.原理的理论5、软件工程学科出现的直接原因是（ C ）。
计算机基础知识题 第一次作业
第1章计算机基础知识(单选题)这些题目必须做一遍，来自统考题库（期末考试题也来自这里），参考答案在另一个Word文档中（要把自己做的答案上传后才可以下载…）。
据说，统考题库中大约有10,000测试题，我想它的十分之一我们还是要做的，只要大家听话，一次性通过考试我想还是没问题的。
知识题以单选题的形式给出，占总分的40%。
一．关于计算机的诞生与发展1、一般认为，世界上第一台电子数字计算机诞生于__A____。
A.1946年B.1952年C.1959年D.1962年[解析]参考p.12、当前的计算机一般被认为是第四代计算机，它所采用的逻辑元件是__C____。
（请看解析）A.集成电路B.晶体管C.大规模集成电路D.电子管[解析]请记忆：第一代主要元件是电子管，第二、三代分别是晶体管和集成电路（参考p.1和p.2）。
计算机经历了四个时代，其划分主要依据是计算机的“构成元件”。
3、下列关于世界上第一台电子计算机ENIAC的叙述中，错误的是__D____。
A.世界上第一台计算机是1946年在美国诞生的B.它主要采用电子管作为主要电子器件C.它主要用于军事目的和科学计算，例如弹道计算D.确定使用高级语言进行程序设计[解析] ENIAC是第一台电子计算机的英文缩写。
从第二代计算机才开始引入高级程序语言BASIC和ForTran等，所以D是错的。
4、目前，微型计算机中广泛采用的电子元器件是__D____。
A.电子管B.晶体管C.小规模集成电路D.大规模和超大规模集成电路[解析]略5、早期的计算机体积大、耗电多、速度慢，其主要原因是制约于__D____。
A.元材料B.工艺水平C.设计水平D.元器件 -----早期的计算机元器件是电子管，其体积大、耗电多。
[解析]略二．计算机的分类6、计算机可分为数字计算机、模拟计算机和数模混合计算机，这种分类是依据__B____。
（请看解析）A.功能和用途B.处理数据的方式 ---- 有两种：处理数字的和处理模拟数据的（声音属于模拟数据）C.性能和规律D.使用范围[解析]参考p.2。
《微观经济学》第一次作业解答
第一次作业一．选择题1. 当政府用某些资源去修建一条大坝时，这些资源就不能用于修建高速公路。
这说明了（）A．微观经济学的研究对象B．宏观经济学的研究对象C．机会成本的概念D．最优化的概念答案：C分析：机会成本指的是：为了X而放弃的Y的数量就是X的机会成本，所以为了修建大坝而放弃的高速公路就是它的机会成本。
2. 当经济学家说人们是理性的时候，这是指（）A．人们不会作出错误的判断B．人们总会从自己的角度作出最好的决策C．人们根据完全的信息而行事E．人们不会为自己所作出的任何决定而后悔答案：B分析：经济理性主义认为人在经济生活中总是受个人利益或利己心的动机所驱使，总能认真的对各种可能的抉择进行比较，以便找到一个能使他耗费给定的代价取得最大限度的利益的所谓最佳方案。
在日常生活中，人们花费一定的金钱买进消费品时总力求消费品提供最大效用，厂商经营总力求利润最大，要素出售者提供生产要素则力求收益最大。
总之，力求获得最大利益，最大限度满足。
3. 下列问题中不属于宏观经济学研究的是（）A．橘子汁价格下降的原因B．物价水平下降的原因C．政府预算赤字对通货膨胀的影响D．国民生产总值的决定答案：A分析：宏观经济学研究整个经济的运行，采用总量分析的方法，是以国民收入决定为核心来说明资源如何才能充分利用的一系列有内在联系的理论。
而微观经济学则研究均衡价格的理论，研究商品的价格如何决定，以及价格如何调节整个经济的运行。
所以A属于微观经济学的研究内容。
4. 下面的论述中哪些是实证的（）A．治理通货膨胀比增加就业更重要B．利率上升有利于增加储蓄C．效率比平等更重要D．效率就是生产率的提高E．经济发展过程中出现收入差别扩大是正常的答案：BDE分析：A是规范表述，强调治理通货膨胀就意味着认为政府更应该重视通货膨胀，这就属于应该是什么的问题。
B是实证表述，因为它只是客观的描述了一个现象，说明了是什么的问题，并不涉及到应该提高还是降低利率的问题。
第一次作业答案
第一次作业一、单项选择1、下列项目不属于本企业资产的是：（ B ）A、委托代销商品B、经营租入设备C、在途材料D、已转让使用权的专利技术所有权2、会计核算上将以融资租赁方式租入的资产视为企业的资产所反映的会计信息质量要求的是：（ A ）A、实质重于形式B、谨慎性C、相关性D、及时性3、现金清查中若发现现金长款，在查明原因前应计入（ B ）A、应付账款B、待处理财产损溢C、其他应付款D、营业外收入4、银行汇票的签发者为：（ A ）A、出票银行B、付款企业C、收款企业D、持票人签发者是企业：商业汇票，根据承兑人不同，分为银行承兑汇票和商业承兑汇票银行汇票和银行承兑汇票（商业汇票）5、销货企业收到购货单位交来的商业承兑汇票时，应借记（ C ）A、其他货币资金B、应收账款C、应收票据D、银行存款借：应收票据贷：主营业务收入应交税费——应交增值税（销项税额）6、企业销售商品时，根据情况在商品标价上给予的扣除，称为( A )。
Ａ．商业折扣Ｂ．现金折扣Ｃ．销货折扣Ｄ．购货折扣7、预付账款不多的企业，可不设“预付账款”科目，直接将预付的货款记入（ C ）A．“应收账款”科目的借方 B．“应收账款”科目的贷方C．“应付账款”科目的借方 D．“应付账款”科目的贷方8、某企业在2006年4月10日将某公司于2006年1月10日签发的带息应收票据向银行贴现。
该票据面值为10 000元，年利率为12％，期限为6个月，贴现率为10％。
该企业实际收到的贴现金额应为(B )。
A．10 600 B．10 335 C． 9 735 D．10 332到期值：10000+10000*12%*6/12=10600贴现息：10600*10%*3/12=265贴现净值：10600-265=103359、某企业赊销商品一批，商品标价为20 000元，商业折扣为10％，增值税税率为17％，现金折扣条件为3／10，1／20，n／30。
企业销售商品时代垫运杂费300元，若企业应收账款按总价法核算，则应收账款的入账金额为( B )元。
应用随机过程第一次作业答案
第一次作业答案1，假设一大型设备在任何长为t 的时间内发生故障的次数为)(t N ，它服从参数为t λ的泊松分布，求（1） 相邻两次故障之间的时间间隔T 的概率分布（2） 在设备已经无故障工作8小时的情况下，再无故障运行8小时的概率。
【答案】（1）求T 的分布函数对于任意实数t ，)()(t T P t F ≤=，由题意知，当0≤t 时，0)()(=≤=t T P t F ；当0>t 时，)()(t T P t F ≤=.用T 表示相邻两次故障时间的时间间隔。
因此，“t T ≤”表明在t 这么长的时间中，至少发生了一次故障，即“()1N t ≥”；当0>t 时，由题设有t ke k t k t N P λλ-==!)(])([， 于是()()(()1)1(()0)1tF t P T t P N t P N t e λ-=≤=≥=-==- 故 1,0()0,0t e t F t t λ-⎧->=⎨≤⎩ （2）由（1）可得1688(16,8)(16|8)(8)(16)(8)1(16)1(8)P T T P T T P T P T P T F e e F e λλλ---≥≥≥≥=≥≥=≥-===-2，在区间10≤≤x 中随机地取两点，求它们的平方和小于1的概率。
【答案】用X 和Y 表示区间[0,1]中所取的两点，他们是随机变量，在等长区间上取点的概率应该相当，因此，X 和Y 的密度函数分别为1,011,01()()0,0,X Y x y f x f y ≤≤≤≤⎧⎧==⎨⎨⎩⎩，其他其他 因为X 和Y 相互独立，因而他们的联合密度为1,01,01(,)()()0,X Y x y f x y f x f y ≤≤≤≤⎧==⎨⎩其他 因而22221(1)4x y P X Y dxdy π+≤+≤==⎰⎰3，设N 为取值非负整数的随机变量，证明∑∑∞=∞=>=≥=01)()(n n n N P n N P EN设X 是非负随机变量，具有分布函数)(x F ，证明 dx x F EX ⎰∞-=0))(1(，)1())(1()(01≥-=⎰∞-n dx x F nx X E n n 【答案】11111()()()()nn n m n m n n EN nP N n P N n P N m P N n ∞∞===∞∞∞==========>∑∑∑∑∑∑00000()()()()(1())xy EX xdF x dy dF x dF x dy F x dx ∞∞∞∞∞====-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰ 10001100()()()()(1())x n n n n n y EX x dF x ny dy dF x dF x ny dy nx F x dx ∞∞-∞∞∞--====-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰。
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1)气体压力为7.0Mpa,温度为30℃，相对密度为0.7，气体最低流动温度为4.4℃，气体处理量为25×104m3/d。
注入浓度为80%的乙二醇（相对分子质量为62.1）为了防止水合物的形成，求乙二醇的注入量。
（22页图2-1右上角错误，应该改为1KPa=0.145psi
2)脱硫工艺模拟：原料气组成见下表：
其中进气温度28℃，进气压力4.5MPa,天然气处理量100×10m/d，化学溶剂DEA,质量指标H2S不大于20mg/m3，CO2体积分数不大于3% 3）原料气：
流量：100×104m3/d 压力：32MPa
℃含水量：5%质量分数
温度：40
K=1.8W/(m3℃)，环境温度：5℃。
处理站进口压力要求：4MPa。
试用HYSYS模拟出加热炉负荷；若注入80%乙二醇（相对分子质量为62.1），防止水合物的形成，求乙二醇的注入量。