英汉翻译(7)翻译中的增词与减词电子教案

（十）增加概括词
• 1) We have achieved rapid progress in industry, agriculture, commerce, education and culture.
• 我们在工业、农业、商业、教育和文化诸方面已经取得了迅速的发展。 • 2）The social systems of China and the US. are fundamentally
back. • 他把椅子转了个向，叉开双腿一屁股坐在上面，下巴搁在椅子背上。 • 4) In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy
tractor driver meets girl tractor driver, they fall in love and drive tractors together. • 在那些日子的电影里，总是老一套。男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而 相遇，继而相爱，终而肩并肩地开着拖拉机走了。
• 发展中国工业仍然是政府的首要课题之 一。
• 2) Kissinger felt that Rogers was quibbling, but the lawyer in Nixon supported the quibble of a fellow lawyer.
• 基辛格觉得罗杰斯在挑刺儿，但律师出 身的尼克松却支持他同行的挑刺儿。
October. • 这之前， 亨利·基辛格在七月和十月两度在这里下榻。
（十一）增加说明性的词语
• 1) The car stopped in front of the Nile Hilton.
• 轿车停在尼罗河希尔顿饭店的门口。 • 2) Oilfield Wives Farm the Gobi. • 油田工人的家属耕耘在戈壁滩。 • 3) Chen is 32 and mother of 2 . • 陈今年32岁，已有了两个孩子。
• 1) I knew it quite well as I know it now. • 我在当时就知道得同现在一样清楚。 • 2) Mother insisted to this day that she thought I was just joking. • 时至今日母亲还坚持认为我当时只是开玩笑罢了。 • 3) They had always been able to control things. Now control was
Lecture Seven
•Amplification & Omission •翻译中的增词与减词
1. Amplification
• 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同， 翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换，又可能 要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译 时按意义（或逻辑上）和句法上的需要增 加一些词来更忠实地表达原文的思想内容。 这当然不是无中生有地随意增词，而是增 加原文中虽无其词而有其义的词。
• 美国南部诸州，在奴隶制时期经历过短暂的地区封建制度。
• 3) They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings.
• 他们开着一辆黑色的豪华轿车，通过一丛丛白桦树和一眼望不到尽 头的一排排千篇一律的新宅。
敬酒祝福啦，忙个不也乐乎。
（八）增加名词单位词
• 1 ) This too was a complete lie. • 这也纯粹是一派胡言。 • 2) He squeezed his sister too and gave her a
gentle push. • 他也捏了一把他的妹妹，并且把她轻轻推了一
• 4) The grief of the people took charge. • 人民的悲痛情绪失去了控制。
• D. after the concrete nouns
• 1) The development of Chinese industry remains one of the priorities of the government.
（五）增加表示名词复数的词
• 1、增加重叠词表示复数
• 1) Very acute problems exist among them.
•
他们中间存在着种种非常尖锐的问题。
• 2) The US. had a brief period of regional feudalism during the period of slavery in the southern states.
• 纳赛尔以政治家的手腕和极大的耐心，说服了 争执不休的兄弟们签定了一项协议。
• 2) For many years there has been serious unemployment in the capitalist countries.
• 资本主义国家多年来存在着严重的失业现象。
• 3) He felt the patriot rise within his breast. • 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
getting away from all of them. • 他们从前总能控制一切，但现在他们大家在丧失控制了。 • 4) Stephen looked older than his age, for he had had a hard life. • 斯蒂芬看上去比他实际年龄要大，因为他曾有过一段艰难的生活。
different. • 中美两国的社会制度有着根本的差别。 • 3) The students of Classes 1 and 3 have gone to the factory. • 一、三两班的学生已经到工厂去了。 • 4) Henry Kissinger had slept there before, in July and again in
夜。 • 2) He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving
countries. • 他赞同为改善同所有爱好和平的国家的关系而进行努力。 • 3) "Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality, he said. • 他说,“谁也不能指望他会采取克制和讲道理的态度。” • 4) In spite of yesterday's rainstorm, the crops lay lush and green in
what not, tinkling in his pocket. • 那小男孩口袋里带着小刀啦、剪子啦、等等。丁零当
啷响个不停。 • 3) Their host carved, poured, cut bread, talked, laughed,
proposed health. • 他们的主人割肉啦、倒酒啦、切面包啦、谈呀、笑呀、
• 四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声把球打了出去。七月里， 美国“乓"的把球打了回来。
• 2) The weather was warm and sultry and everyone seemed to be on edge.
• 天气闷热，所有的人都好象热锅上的蚂蚁，坐立不安。 • 3) His Hitler's discourse, says Speider, "became lost in fantastic
the early light. • 虽然昨天遭受了暴风雨的袭击，庄稼在晨曦中显得郁郁葱葱，茂
Biblioteka Baidu盛异常。
（三）增加副词
• By supplying adverbs before some verbs. • 1) Now and then his boots shone. • 他的皮靴不时地闪闪发亮。 • 2) A seagull saw the light from the window and darted up to it. • 一只海鸥见到来自窗户光线便飞扑过去。 • 3) He turned a chair around and straddled it, resting his chin on the
• 4) The lion is the King of animals.
• 狮是百兽之王。
• 5) The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men.
• 连大地都颤抖了，万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。
（六）增加表示时态的词
went. • 侵略军所到之处，掠夺财物，强奸妇女。 • 4) First you borrow, then you beg. • 一遭借钱，二遭讨饭。 • 5) Wash before you eat. • 吃饭前洗手。
• B. before the adjectives
• 1) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. • 这台打字机确实价廉物美。
下。 • 3) A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. • 一轮红日从平静的海面上冉冉升起。
（九）增加根据上下文需要及反映 背景情况的词
• 1) In April, there was the "Ping" heard around the world. In July, the Ping "ponged."
（七）增加语气助词
• 1) All that made this Christmas Day was my knowing it was.
• 今天算是圣诞节，只是因为我知道是圣诞节罢了。 • 2) The little boy had brought with him knife, scissors and
根据意义上或修辞上的需要
• （一）增加动词 • By supplying necessary verbs before or after nouns. • 1) They talked for almost eight hours through dinner and well into
the night. • 他们差不多谈了八个小时，中间吃了一顿晚餐，接着一直谈到深
（四）增加名词
• A. after the intransitive verbs • 1) He began to see things and to understand. • 他开了眼界，并懂得了一些名堂。 • 2) He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. • 他吃了点东西，喝了点酒，因为他已疲惫不堪了。 • 3) The invading troops looted and raped whenever they
• 2) He is a complicated man──moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
• 他是个性格复杂的人——喜怒无常、反 复多变、具有忧郁寡欢的特点。
• C. after the abstract nouns
• 1) Nassar, with statesmanship and infinite patience, persuaded his quarrelling brother to sign an agreement.
根据句法上的需要
digressions." • 斯派达尔后来说，希特勒的“谈话越说越远，越说越离谱，最后
不知说到哪里去了。 • 4) The two crashes──boy and chair──brought George racing up
from the basement. • 孩子和椅子先后倒地的声响使乔治飞快地从地下室跑上来。