西方文化入门复习题

西方文化入门复习题

填空题

1. The earliest civilization in Greece was the Cretan Civilization, also known as the Minoan Civilization.

2. At the end of Mycenaean civilization, the Trojan War broke out.

3. In the 6th Century B.C. the city of Sparta gained greater control of Peloponnesus by organizing an alliance of almost all the Peloponnesian states.

4. The Persian wars, which were between Greek states and Persia, ended with The Battle of Marathon.

5. In Greek mythology, the Olympian gods include Zeus, Hestia, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hera, and other six gods.

6. One of the features of Greek mythology is that gods resembled humans.

7. Plato was Socrates’ student and the author of The Republic.

8. The Senate was a political institution started from ancient Rome and still part of the parliaments in some western countries.

9. The first Triumvirate of Rome included Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.

10. The capital city of Byzantine Empire was Constantinople.

11. The exiled Jews systematically recomposed their legends and manuscripts into the book Talmud.

12. The Bible of Judaism is the same as the New Testament of Christianity.

13. Christianity became the sole official religion of the Roman Empire in 392 AD under the emperor Theodosius.

14. Christianity has broken up into several factions, principally the Roman Catholicism, the Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Protestantism.

15. After the destruction of Roman Empire in 476, Europe entered the Middle Ages, which lasted about a thousand years or so and was dominated by Germanic people whom the Romans had called savage.

16. In the 7th Century, Muhammad, an Arabian merchant, founded the religion of Islam.

17. The most striking feature of Renaissance was doubtless the flourishing of humanism, which was exemplified by the developments in science, religion,

philosophy, literature, art, and education.

18. The two leaders of religious reformation in 16th century were Martin Luther in Germany and John Calvin in France.

19. Renaissance art was represented by three towering figures: da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

20. The Enlightenment, which is generally agreed to have originated in France, marked the beginning of the modern era and laid a solid foundation for the later process of the Western modernization.

21. The most important book of the French philosopher Rousseau was The Social Contract which argued against the idea that monarchs were divinely empowered to legislate and theorized about the best way to establish a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society.

简答题

1. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture?

2. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification?

3. What are the main components of Christianity?

4. Why the Byzantine Empire could stay much longer than the Western Roman Empire?

5. What are the major achievements of the Renaissance?

6. Briefly introduce two representative figures of the Enlightenment and their central ideas.