西方文化入门复习题
(必考)欧洲文化入门复习资料
第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of _________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays” . Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History” . Herodotus5. ________The greatest historian that ever lived. ThucydidesThe dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C.I“came, I saw, I conquered. ” By _______. Julius CaesarThe representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答： In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democrac y” in ancient Greece答： 1 )Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the a dult male citizens.2 ) Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?答： 1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishingof science, philosophy, literature, art andhistorical writingin Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he went and conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答： There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culture inEurope and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy;Theyfirst wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about thenature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters of any inheritedorthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour 努力 : Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’scomedies, Plato’sDialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Romanculture?答： 1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B.Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their militaryand administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答： 1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C.,Rome hadbeen a republic; fromthe year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by landarea’sextension: Encircling the Mediterranea n.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4)In the Roman history ,there came twohundredyears of peaceful time, whichwas guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana.5)Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine movedthe capital fromRometo Byzantium. Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was dividedintoEast (The Byzantine Empire) andWestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story about God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis, Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible,which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6.The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translatedfromthe Latin Vulgatein 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The OldTestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, includingthe origin of the worldandof man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt,the period when they began to receive God’sLaw. Joshua brought the people safely back to Canaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells aboutthe Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答： Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1 ) Oneis that Jesus Christ is theSon of God, andthat Godsent himtoearth tolive as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2 ) The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答： 1)Theoldest extant Greek translation of theOldTestament is known as the Septuagint. Andit is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translatedthe OldTestament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgatein 1382 andwas copiedout by handby theearly groupof reformers ledbyJohn Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’sversion, appeared William Tyndale’sversion. It wa sbased on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷ in 1539 to be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English Bible is the “ Authorized” or ing James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James.With its simple,majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the RevisedVersion in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答： 1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’sThe Sun AlsoRises, andSteinbeck’sEast ofEden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic ( 日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor andtook control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into L atin both Old and New T estament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______ introducedFrench andItaly writingthe English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer andThe Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of theWestern Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin f“eudum”,a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interestingfacet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacleof Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the RomanClassical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts ofWestern Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas,into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style inhistory.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith ？答：1) Duringthe Medieval times there was nocentral government tokeeptheorder. The only organization that seemedtounite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian anda member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the leadin politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the geof Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答： 1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. Andthey greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine,kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among otherthings, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’sinterest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced tothe West.5) As trade increased, village andtowns began togrow intocities. Andthe riseof towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答： 1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interestingfacet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacleof Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the RomanClassical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答： 1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important andmostly used form in ancient literature. “National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. L iterary works were no longer all written inLatin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature fromLatin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B.The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterative verse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the firstmodern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer andthe Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答： 1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important andmostly used form in ancient literature. “National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. L iterary works were no longer all written inLatin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature fromLatin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language usedby Mark twain refers to both local andcolloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region.Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1)With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests toPope, the Roman Catholic Church seemedtobe the only unity across thewestern Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaninguniversal) church receivedheavy taxes fromlay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of the Church. People turnedtothe Church forcomfort andspiritual guidance; the Church alsowas the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the“Age of Faith ”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious;in learning,it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monk s’work on copying and translating ancient books, the Church Fathers ’ philosophy, Monasticism,Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________ .the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5.The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spainwas __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking,Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanistthinkers andscholars made attempts toget ridof conservatismin feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as asocio-political movement.It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement whichswept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engagedthemselves in translatingthe Bible intotheir mothertongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church hadlost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historians the Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答： The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by theyear of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias:Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route toIndia round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour Americawas named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational andcultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion,Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance createda culture which freedman todiscover andenjoythe world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.。
西方文化复习题
西方文化名词解释：1、人文主义是指社会价值取向倾向于对人的个性的关怀，注重强调维护人性尊严，提倡宽容，反对暴力，主张自由平等和自我价值体现的一种哲学思潮与世界观. 人文主义是文艺复兴核心思想，是新兴资产阶级反封建的社会思潮，也是资产阶级人道主义的最初形式。
它肯定人性和人的价值，要求享受人世的欢乐，要求人的个性解放和自由平等，推崇人的感性经验和理性思维。
或（是文艺复兴文化的指导思想，核心是资产阶级的人性论。
）2、WASP早年美国的精英分子被形象地称之为W ASP，即白种人、盎格鲁-撒克逊人及新教徒。
3、但丁意大利诗人。
代表作《神曲》代表了中世纪文学的最高成就。
在诗中试图表明人类群体和个人如何要经历各种磨难，经受各种考验，最终凭借理性和信仰去认识邪恶、悔过自新，才能有望达到一种理想境界4、后现代文化后现代文化的特点就是消极虚无，摒弃传统的思想习惯和文学准则。
5、莎士比亚“宇宙的精华、万物的灵长”6、拜伦英国19世纪最杰出的浪漫主义诗人。
《唐璜》表达了作者对封建专制和统治者的轻蔑和仇视“拜伦式英雄”反对专制暴政追求自由和个性解放同情被压迫人民但傲世独立提倡个人奋斗常以失败告终。
7、古典文化1、路易十四时代：政治专制主义和文化古典主义2、古典文化复兴：理性、秩序、和谐、明晰、严谨高乃伊、拉辛、布瓦罗、莫里哀悲剧《熙德》布瓦罗：悲剧“三一律”一个情节、一天、一个地点1、从公共空间和公共生活的角度，谈谈希腊文化精髓的形式公共空间是以人为主体的特定活动场所，公共生活的实质是公民的共同活动、共同交往。
通常情况下，公共空间和公共生活是相互依存的关系，没有公共空间就没有公共生活，反之亦然。
公共空间应该与公共生活保持良性互动。
可是在工业发展、城市密集、市场经济、社会日多元化的今天，当代人更多关注的似乎是私密空间和私人空间，整天穿梭在钢筋水泥的森林里，现代人个个面目冷漠，内心急躁，他们忘记品味生活，甚至他们根本就没有清楚生活的意义。
西方文化概论考试题
西方文化概论考试题一、选择题1. 西方文化的起源可以追溯到以下哪个时期？A. 古希腊时期B. 文艺复兴时期C. 工业革命时期D. 当代现代化时期2. 哪位希腊哲学家被认为是西方文化的奠基人？A. 亚里士多德B. 柏拉图C. 西塞罗D. 苏格拉底3. 文艺复兴运动是在哪个国家兴起的？A. 法国B. 英国C. 意大利D. 德国4. 哪本书是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的著作之一？A. 《圣经》B. 《简·爱》C. 《哈姆雷特》D. 《唐吉诃德》5. 哪位科学家被称为现代物理学之父？A. 牛顿B. 达尔文C. 哥白尼D. 欧几里德二、判断题判断下列说法是否正确，正确的在括号内写“√”，错误的写“×”。
1. （√）《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚的作品，属于英国文艺复兴时期的戏剧。
2. （×）文艺复兴运动对欧洲其他国家的文化影响不大，主要局限于意大利地区。
3. （√）工业革命对西方社会产生了巨大的影响，使之从传统农业社会转变为现代工业社会。
4. （×）西方文化的核心是个人主义和自由，与集体主义和权威主义完全不同。
5. （√）西方文化中的人文主义强调人的尊严和价值，提倡人类的自由发展和个体意识的觉醒。
三、问答题1. 请简要介绍西方文化的主要特点和价值观。
西方文化的主要特点包括个人主义、理性主义、人权和科学精神等。
个人主义强调个体的独立性和个人权利，在人际关系和社会交往中强调个体的意愿和选择。
理性主义崇尚理性思维和科学方法，在知识的获取和问题解决中强调逻辑和分析。
人权是西方文化的核心价值观之一，认为每个人都享有平等的尊重和权利。
科学精神是对客观世界的追求和理解，注重实证和证据的支持。
2. 西方文化中的哪些艺术形式对世界产生了深远的影响？西方文化中的艺术形式包括文学、音乐、绘画、雕塑、戏剧和电影等。
其中，莎士比亚的戏剧作品被认为是世界戏剧史上的巅峰之作，对后世的文学和戏剧创作产生了深远的影响。
欧洲入门文化(300题)
欧洲文化入门1．第1题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture? CC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day2．第2题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the_C__.C.Acts of the Apostles3．第3题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ____C_______.C.the communal marriage in the primitive society4．第4题The ancient Greeks__B_.B.firmly believed myths to be true5．第5题According to Greek mythology, __A_ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora6．第6题According to Greek myths about creation, _D___was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos7．第7题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus8．第8题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.AA.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;9．第13题The Spanish monarchy was __.AA.set up by the Christians10．第14题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.DD.spoke for the nobles11．第23题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?D.The Bible in English began to spread in England12．第24题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from __B_.B.the Greek text13．第25题The kingdom of God refers to_B_. B.the rule of God14．第26题According to the New Testament the Christian church _C_.C.spoke more of salvation15．第27题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__. B.turned into a siege of a Christian city16．第32题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve17．第34题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except_C__.C.the mysterious outer space18．第35题The name Jesus suggests__.BB.that God saves us from sin19．第36题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as ____B_____.B.beings with human emotions who lived among us20．第37题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___A.all parts of the world21．第38题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible22．第39题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who23．第40题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creation24．第41题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text25．第42题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture26．第43题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothing27．第44题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels? C.He was the presence of God in the world28．第45题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God29．第46题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God30．第47题It was ____who unified England for the first time.D.King Alfred and his successors31．第48题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance32．第49题In the Carolingian time popes__.B.were regarded as models of piety33．第50题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity34．第67题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die35．第68题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes? A.They were immortal36．第69题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture37．第70题Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?C.They were in fact mortals38．第71题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature39．第72题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans40．第73题Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology? D.Guesswork41．第74题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?rC.He ruled the sea42．第75题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology43．第76题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century44．第77题Which of the following is Not true about the king Herod?C.He killed all the boys where Jesus lived45．第78题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons46．第79题Which of the following is Not true about Jesus?B.His real father was Joseph47．第80题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes48．第81题Before the First Crusade, Jews__. C.were forced into the cities 49．第82题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply50．第83题Romanesque style appeared_. A.earlier than Gothic style51．第9题The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. T52．第10题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T53．第11题Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses. F54．第12题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F55．第15题The books of Deuteronomy recorded Israel's whole history. T56．第16题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F57．第17题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate. F58．第18题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems.F59．第19题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T60．第20题Saints were considered as models of virtue.T61．第21题The Germans by no means traded with the Romans.F62．第22题The West featured unproductive land.T63．第28题Many scholars claim that much of the cultural dynamism of the Renaissance also had its roots in medieval times and that changes were rather abrupt than progressive. F64．第29题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误65．第30题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today.T66．第31题Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.T67．第33题People in the early Middle Ages by no means cared about local leaders.您的答案：错误68．第51题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.F69．第52题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths.F70．第53题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin.F71．第54题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature.T72．第55题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.F73．第56题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place,practice or name.T74．第57题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death.F 75．第58题Jesus lived in the early 1st century.T76．第59题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.F77．第60题The word renaissance means "renewal".F78．第61题Prosperous trading society is common to Byzantium, Islam and the West.您的答案：错误79．第62题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life.F80．第63题Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.F81．第64题Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their own commercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.F82．第65题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确83．第66题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F84．第84题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F85．第85题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T86．第86题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T87．第87题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God. T88．第88题The Christian Bible is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament.您的答案：错误89．第89题That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter andlife is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament. F90．第90题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.F 91．第91题The period of transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages is often called the Late Antiquity.T92．第92题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages.T93．第93题The common features of the Byzantine, Islam and the west are depopulated cities, unproductive land and fragmented power. F94．第94题Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the Romans. T95．第95题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F96．第96题The Crusades by no means strengthened Byzantium. T97．第97题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T98．第98题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T99．第99题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T100．第100题By 750 the Muslims had subdued Turkey. F二1．第1题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject2．第2题Herod was the king who was___ B.jealous of Jesus3．第3题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature4．第4题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who5．第5题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty6．第6题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god7．第7题Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universeto_____ . C.Chaos8．第8题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans9．第9题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths? D.Being turned from immortal to mortal10．第10题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture11．第11题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology12．第12题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.C.Acts of the Apostles13．第13题Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ .D.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly14．第14题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery15．第15题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament? C.the Holy Spirit16．第16题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God17．第17题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__.B.turned into a siege of a Christian city18．第18题Black Death caused __.C.more harm in the cities19．第19题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.D.spoke for the nobles20．第21题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept21．第22题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings22．第23题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God23．第24题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all24．第25题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians25．第26题The First Crusade was important because __.C.it was the first example of European expansionism26．第51题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.C.were interpreted allegorically27．第52题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora28．第53题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East29．第54题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture30．第55题The name Jesus suggests__. B.that God saves us from sin31．第56题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____. B.rationality 32．第57题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized33．第58题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___. C.scientific 34．第59题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons35．第60题The ancient Greeks___.B.firmly believed myths to be true36．第61题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos37．第62题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortal38．第63题Roman mythology is actually___. B.not purely Roman39．第64题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes40．第65题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business41．第66题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors42．第67题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity43．第81题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus44．第82题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus45．第83题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about God46．第84题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God47．第85题Monasteries were made rich by__. D.the kings and nobles48．第86题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance49．第87题In the Carolingian time popes__. B.were regarded as models of piety 50．第100题By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.D.replacing the roles of gods51．第20题Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament. F52．第27题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F53．第28题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F54．第29题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. F55．第30题The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East. T56．第31题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions. T57．第32题In the transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages political and religious change occurred at the same time. T58．第33题The term Middle Ages was invented by people today. F59．第34题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F60．第35题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 61．第36题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F62．第37题The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally. F 63．第38题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T64．第39题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F65．第40题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F66．第41题The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only. T7．第42题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F 68．第43题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages. TUnlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution. F70．第45题The West featured unproductive land. T71．第46题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F72．第47题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T73．第48题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确74．第49题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F75．第50题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T76．第68题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T77．第69题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches. F78．第70题Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report the events in the past. T79．第71题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place, practice or name. T80．第72题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. T 81．第73题Jesus lived in the early 1st century. T82．第74题The West grew gradually independent of the papal control in the Late Middle Ages. T83．第75题The word renaissance originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline.您的答案：正确84．第76题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. FParticipants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel and Greece. F86．第78题The Renaissance had enough unique qualities to justify considering it as a separate period of history. T87．第79题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T88．第80题People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time. F89．第88题Prose is not the literary form found in the Old Testament. T90．第89题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T91．第90题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories. T92．第91题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 93．第92题Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form. F94．第93题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T95．第94题Charlemagne’ empire was as large as the powerful Roman Empire. F 96．第95题Belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly things is true of Byzantium, Islam, and the West. T97．第96题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F98．第97题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F99．第98题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误100．第99题Constantine the Great declared Christianity as the only religion. F三1．第1题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture2．第2题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day3．第3题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the world4．第4题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures. B.the devils5．第5题A myth is ___. B.an oral literary work traditionally accepted 6．第6题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized7．第7题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels?C.He was the presence of God in the world8．第8题1066 marked the__. B.Norman Conquer of England9．第9题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply10．第10题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve11．第11题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___. C.the mysterious outer space12．第12题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who13．第13题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty14．第14题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology15．第15题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery16．第16题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;17．第17题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.B.the Greek text18．第18题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors19．第28题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.B.spoke more of the kingdom of God20．第29题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business21．第30题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity22．第41题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die23．第42题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?C.He ruled the sea24．第43题Early Romans regarded their gods as__. C.powers25．第44题The ancient Greeks___. B.firmly believed myths to be true26．第45题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god27．第46题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept28．第47题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings29．第48题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes30．第49题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians31．第57题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible32．第58题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos33．第59题Common types of myths exclude___. D.myths of mortals34．第63题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus35．第64题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century36．第65题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God37．第66题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.C.the Hebrew text38．第67题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance39．第68题In the 13th century, many schools _.B.gave way to universities40．第79题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject41．第80题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.D.the content of the narratives42．第81题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East43．第82题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture44．第83题No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipus for __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother 45．第84题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.C.scientific46．第85题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text47．第86题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___. B.a luck48．第87题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all49．第88题Black Death caused __. C.more harm in the cities50．第89题Jews in the cities were__. D.persecuted by Christians51．第19题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F52．第20题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F53．第21题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews. F54．第22题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history. T55．第23题The apocalyptic writings arose in Israel after the Egyptian Captivity of the Jews. F56．第24题Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy. F57．第25题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F58．第26题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T59．第27题Christians considered pagan gods supernatural. F60．第31题The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws T.61．第32题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 62．第33题Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve. F63．第34题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis. F 64．第35题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F65．第36题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 66．第37题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F67．第38题The pope & the Byzantine church began their conflict in AD 1054. F 68．第39题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F69．第40题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T70．第50题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew. F71．第51题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T72．第52题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature. T73．第53题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F74．第54题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet. T75．第55题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. F 76．第56题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F77．第60题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. F78．第61题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T79．第62题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T80．第69题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F81．第70题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F82．第71题。
欧洲文化入门1-5章复习题
Division OneI.有可能出的填空，选择题及判断题的内容:.1.European Culture is composed of _____________ and_____________________ as two major elements.2.Greek culture reached its high point of development/climax in __________ (century).3.All Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, Kingof Macedon in _________(century).4.In _______, the Romans conquered Greece.5.Homer wrote __________ and _____________, twofamous epics.6.______________ is called “Father of History” in GreekCulture, who wrote the wars between ____________ and________________________.7.The famous writer who wrote comedy in Greek culture isnamed ______________.8.“The great historian that ever lived” is said to praise_____________________(name).9.The Dialectal Method is put forward by___________.10.Academy was established by ______________________,whose philosophy is called ____________________.11.Lyceum was established by _______________.12.Leader of the Cynics is ____________________, and“cynic” means _____________.13.The most important thing in life to the Stoics is_________________.14.Elements, a textbook of geometry, was written by___________.15.The famous temples in ancient Greece are____________________ and ______________.16.The Romans enjoyed two hundred years of peaceful time,known as ________________.17.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved thecapital from Rome to Byzantium, renamed it ____________________(modern _____________).18.After 395, the Roman Empire was divided into_____________ and _________.19.The East Roman Empire fell to the ___________ in 1453.20.“I came, I saw, I conquered” was written by_________________.21.Two famous representatives of Roman architecture are________________ and _________________________.22.________ said, “Captive Greece took her rude conquerorcaptive”.23.Greek Culture has exerted great, positive influence on thelater-on literature, such as Shelly’s ______________ and Byron’s ___________________.24.The languages that were spoken by Greeks and Romansbelong to ___________________(哪个语系).25.The Roman Law, to some extent, protected the rights of______________.26.With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there came______________(什么时代) lasting one thousand years.27._____________’s (whose) “Prometheus Bound”is aparody adapted by _______________ (he wrote “Prometheus Unbound”).28.Freud put forward _________________ based on thework, “Oedipus the King ” written by _____________. 29.The _________ was one of the similarities shared byGreeks and Romans as far as politics is concerned.30.__________’s (whose) political speeches and discoursesare the model of Latin diction.31.The largest amphitheatre in ancient Rome is known as______________.32.________ established the atomic theory.33.________ believed fire to be the primary element of theuniverse.34.________ established the dialectical method.35.________ was the founder of scientific mathematics.36.The humanistic ideas can be traced back to ___(the nameof a philosopher).37.“The master of those who know” was written by Dante topraise ___________ (the name of a philosopher).38.Zeno的介绍II.名词解释democracy of ancient Greece Pax Romana Doric StyleIonic Style the Sophists the Cynics the Scepticsthe Epicureans the Stoics Academy LyceumIII.简答与论述题：1．三种问法：What is the limitation of “Democracy” in ancientGreece?How do you understan d “Democracy” in ancientGreece?What is the difference between “Democracy” in ancientGreece and modern democracy?2.How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?3.How did the ancient Greek philosophy develop?4.How did the ancient Greek science develop?5.What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle interms of their philosophical ideas?Or What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle interms of their philosophical system?6.What is the great significance of Greek Culture on thelater-on cultural development?Or What positive influence did the Greek Culture exerton the world civilization?7.What are difference and similarity between Greekculture and Roman culture?8.How did Roman culture originate and develop?9.How was Roman Empire disintegrated?10.What styles can Greek architecture be classified into?Or How does Greek architecture take different styles?11.Explain Pax Romana.12.What contribution did the Roman make to the rule oflaw?Division TwoI.special Terms Explanation:the Hebrews the Old Testament the New TestamentPentateuch Genesis Exodus Prophets the Book ofDaniel the Historical BookII.有可能出填空，选择题及判断题的内容：1.Judaism and Christianity are closely related because__________________________________.2.The ancestors of the Jews are ________________, whichmeans ___________ in English.3.The history of the Hebrew people is recorded in__________________ of the Bible.4.The Hebrew people came to settle down in Palestine, knownas _____________ at the time.5.The Old Testament is about_____________________, and“Testament” means _______________________________.6.The New Testament is about _______________________.7.The oldest and most important part of the Old Testament iscalled _______________ or ____________.8.It was ______________ who brought Hebrew people safelyback to Palestine.9.It was ______________who united Hebrews.10.It was ______________who had Jerusalem established aspolitical and religious capital.11.The former church in 6th century B.C. is called_______________.12.Pentateuch is also called __________________.13._______________ made Christianity legal, as he issued_____________________ in 313.14.In 392, Emperor _______________made Christianity officialreligion.15.By 300, each local church is called ______________with itsfulltime leader, known as _____________________.16.Several parishes were grounded together into a large unitcalled _______________, which were headed by a_____________.17.The Last Supper is recorded in __________________, andwas put into painting by __________________.18.The Cruxifixion is recorded in _____________________.19.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament isknown as _________________.20.The most extant Latin version of the whole Bible is_______________________ which became the official Bibleof the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.21.The first English version of the whole Bible was translatedby _________________.22.The most important and influential of English Bible is_______________ or _______________________________.23._____________________ and _______________________are called two great reservoirs of Modern English.24.The development of system of landed nobles is recorded in_________________ of the Old Testament.25._________________ deals with the history of the Hebrewpeople from their entry into Palestine around 1200B.C. tillthe fall of Palestine into hands of Assyrians and Chaldeans in586 B.C.26.The New Testament contains _______ (how many) accountswhich tell about the beginning of Christianity.III.论述题：1．三种问法：How did Christianity come into being and develop inEurope?How did Christianity become the official religion ofRoman Empire?How did the relations between Christians and theRoman government change?2．What are the different translation editions of the Bible?3．Why do we say the Bible has shaped western culture more decisively than anything else ever written?4．What are the great influences that the English Bible has on the American and British literature?Division ThreeI.Special Terms Explanation:Age of Faith Feudalism Manor/castle Code of ChivalryMonasticism The Crusades Carolingian RenaissanceScholasticism National Epics Vernacular LanguageGothic Architectural Style the Canterbury TalesII.有可能出选择题，填空与判断题的内容：1．The Middle Ages is also called______________________, __________________ and ____________________________.(考试中，会任选其中一种说法作为选择题来考) 2．The Middle Ages is the period in which three cultures were merged: _____________________, _________________and_____________________________, respectively referring to_____________________________, ____________________and _____________________________.3．Western Roman Empire was overthrown in __________(year).4．__________________(who) gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their services in 732.5．____________________ (who) can be vassals.6．____________________ (when) was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in western Europe.7．People in the western Europe in the Middle Ages were divided into three classes: _____________, _______________ and_________________________.8．Between ______________ century and ________________ century, western Europe was the scene of frequent wars. 9．Feudalism comes from the Latin word, ________________, which means ______________________ in Latin. 10．Knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called ____________________.11．Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of _________________, calling for _________________ and_________________.12．_____________(which tribe) swept into Europe from central Asia in the latter part of fourth century, robbing and killing alarge number of the half civilized Germanic tribes. 13．Those who devoted their lands to large-land owners in return for protection, but still had their own freedom were called________________.14．Those who came form cities or towns and devoted their freedom to large-land owners in return for protection werecalled ________________.15．Roman Catholic Church was divided into five classes: _____________, ________________, ______________,_________________ and __________________.16．Opus Maius was written by _____________________. 17．In Roman Catholic Church, “Catholic” means ____________. 18．The monk, St. Benedict founded _______________________ in about 529 A.D.19．In the Middle Ages, the Church even set up their own court called _____________________________.20．In the National Epics, vernacular languages meant _____________________________ with representative works:____________________in early English and _____________in early French.21．In the Divine Comedy, Dante expressed ________________ ideas and foreshadowed the spirit of _________________. 22．Chaucer was regarded as the first _________________ and the first _____________________ with his famous work_____________________, as the representative of______________(英语的哪个发展时期)23. In 1054, Christianity was divided into _____________and___________________________.24．The Middle Ages is a transitional period between ___________ times and ____________.25. The ceremony to grant the title “knight” is called ___________.26. ________________ translated the Old and New Testamentsfrom Hebrew and Greek originals into Latin. His translationwork, _______________, became the official Latin Bible usedby Roman Catholic Church of this day.27. “The Confession” and “the City of the God” were written by___________________.28. Since _____________ (哪个历史事件)，Arabic numerals andalgebra were introduced into Europe.29. The mock battles for knight training are known as __________.30. ___________ paved the way for Modern English.31. The language used by Chaucer was _________________.III.间答与论述题：1．Why is the Middle Ages called Age of Faith?Or Why do we say the Middle Ages is a religious age?2．How did feudalism derive and develop in the Middle Ages?Or How did feudalism establish its firm ruling position in Europe?3．What is the great power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Middle Ages?4．What positive influence does the Crusades exert on the European Culture?Or What is the great significance of the Crusades?5. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?6.How did literature develop in the Middle Ages?7.What is the importance of using vernacular languages in theMedieval Time?8.What is the difference between the vernacular languagesused in the National Epics during the Middle Ages and thevernacular language used by Mark Twain?9.What was the merit shared by Charlemagne and Alfred theGreat?10.How did the English Language develop and what is therepresentation of each stage?Or What stages did the English Language undergo?11.Why do we say using of vernacular languages in the MiddleAges signifies a transition?Division FourI.Special Terms Explanation:Renaissance Renaissance Art ReformationCounter-Reformation Calvinism the JesuitsProtestantismII.有可能出填空，选择与判断题的内容：1.During Renaissance, humanist thinkers and scholarsintroduced new ideas that expressed the interests of__________________.2.Renaissance stared in ___________ and ______________with the flowering of painting, sculpture and architecture.3.At the heart of Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of_____________________which is also the core ofhumanism.4.Many of Petrarch’s ________________ are written for Laura.5.The most representative painter of humanism was________________________ with his famous painting work____________________ and _______________.6.The statesman, ____________________ of Italy in theRenaissance period has greatly influenced the politicalscience in the west, called “Father of Western PoliticalScience”.7.Under the reign of ______________________, Englishbegan to embark on the road to colonization and foreign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.8.________________ is the birth place of Renaissance.9.Madonna was _______________ (什么性质的油画)，paintedby _________________.10.Man with the Glove was painted by __________________.11.Calvinism insisted on constructing a type of governmentknown as ______________________________.12.After Reformation, in England a new form of church wasestablished known as _______________ or _____________.13.During Counter-Reformation, __________________(教派名称) was devoted to defending the Roman Catholic Church with its head, _____________________(首领名字).14.______________ stressed hard work and thrifty way of life.15.Montaigne was a French humanist known for his___________.16.The representative author of Renaissance in Spain was______________________ with his famous literary work, _____________________ with which the European novel entered a new stage17.The most representative author and humanist duringRenaissance in England was ________________________, and his four great tragedies are respectively ____________________,________________________,______________________and______________________ 18.Columbus was the discoverer of ____________________in1492.19.______________ discovered the Cape of Good Hope in1487.20.______________ discovered the route to India round theCape of Good Hope between 1497 and 1498.21.America was named in ______________(whose) honor.22.__________________________put forward revolutionaryideas in astronomy during the Middle Ages, and his theorywas __________________________ proved later by_______________________and _______________________in 17th century.23.As you like it and Twelfth Night are two comedies written by________________.24.The idea that only those specially elected by God are savedwas advocated by ___________(school).25.It was during the reign of _________(whom) that the EnglishBible was adopted by the Church of England.26.The idea that the Bible was the supreme authority and manwas only bound to the law of the world of the God was putforward by _____________(whom).27.During Renaissance, __________(whom) preached in CzechLanguage.28.During Renaissance, With the reign of ___________(whom)England began to embark on the road to _____________ andforeign control.29.William Shakespeare, _________________, Thomas Moreand __________________ were humanist scholars duringRenaissance.30.David is a sculpture done by _____________.III.论述题：1．Why did Renaissance first begin in Italy?2．Why did Renaissance decline in Italy in the end?3.What is Renaissance Art ? What are the characteristicsand features of Renaissance Art?4.How did Reformation develop? (即：发展的四个阶段)5.How did capitalism come into being and develop?Or What are the propositions for Capitalism to rise?6.What is the great significance of Reformation?What are the great influences of Reformation?7.Why did England come later than other countries duringthe Renaissance but reach its climax in England? In whatway was English Renaissance different from that of othercountries?8.What type of culture did Renaissance create?9.What is the great significance of Reformation?10.What are the great geographical discoveries (or ofnavigation) in the Middle Ages?11.From what was the English essay derived?Division FiveI.Special Terms Explanation:Francis Bacon’s practical philosophyDeductive methodInductive methodThe Great InstaurationThomas Hobbes’ Social ContractJohn Lock’s Social Contractthe Natural State of Warthe Laws of NatureThe English Revolution (the English Bourgeoisie Revolution)Descartes’ Theory of KnowledgeDescartes’ DualismFrench ClassicismBaroque ArtII.有可能出填空，选择题与判断题的内容：1．_______________ century was the transitional period fromthe Middle Ages to the Modern Times.2. The Modern World begins in __________(century).3. ________________ and _________________proved thatCopernicus’ heliocentric theory is t rue.4. There is the first breakthrough in __________and________________ in the 17th century.5. There was a profound change in the conception of men’splace in the universe in ___________(century).6. _________ looks at men’s position in the universe in a newway.7. Kepler was well known for his discovery of ___________.8. Newton discovered the theory of _________________, and he also invented the method called ___________________.9. ____________ distinguishes three levels of understanding: _______________, _____________________ and _______ _________________.6. ____________________ psychology and ______________ physics originated from Leibniz.7. In December, 1689, __________________________ was enacted by the English Parliament.8. After the English Revolution, _____________________(制度) was established in the Great Britain.9. The event that took place in 1688 in the Great Britain was called ________________.10.The men of the action and the leader in the English Revolution were _____________ and _____________, and the man of thought with his famous literary work _______.11. ____________________ was the representative author of French Classicism.12.The representative painter of Baroque Art was __________ with his famous painting work _______________________ and _____________________.13. ____________________ was the representative painter of Dutch Protestant Art.14. The law of falling bodies is established by __________.15.The importance of acceleration in dynamics is discoveredby ___________.16.__________ sated that there should be a common poweror a government backed by force able to punish.17. __________ believed that government was not createdby God, but by men themselves.18. _________ believed that sensation and reflection makeup experience.19. Paradise Lost was written by ____________, who wasthe man of ___________ in the English Revolution. 20. The Calling of St. Mathew and The Cardsharps werepainted by ______________, which belong to _________________(哪种艺术流派).21. “I doubt, therefore I think: I think, therefore I am.” wasput forward by ______________, which belongs to _______________________(什么理论).22. Both idealism and materialism are included in _______’_______________(谁的，什么理论).23. By the end of 16th century, _______________ had spreadto England. As a result, _______________was staredin England.III.论述题：1.Why do we say the 17th century was a transitional periodfrom the Middle Ages to the Modern World?2.How did science develop in the 17th century?3.What are the two merits shared by the Great Scientists of the17th century?What are the similarities among the 17th -century scientists?4.What is Baconian Materialism?5.What is the difference between Thomas Hobbes and JohnLock in terms of their social contract?6.How many stages did the English Revolution undergo?7.What is the great significance of the English Revolution?8.What is French Classicism? What are the characteristics?9.How did Lock justify rebellion against government?10. What are the causes of the English Revolution?。
西方文化概论1-4章复习题
西方文化概论1-4章复习题Statements1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are consideredto be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman（希腊罗马的）element and the Judeo-Christian （犹太教与基督教的）element.2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.3.In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule ofAlexander, king of Macedon.4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5.Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s foremost amateursports competition.6.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.7.The Homer's epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey .8.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, ledby Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9.The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home,island of Ithaca.10.The representation form of Greek Democracy is citizen-assembly.（公民大会）11.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today:Sappho and Pindar.12.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.13.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the14 Olympic odes.14.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, andEuripides.15.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.16.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King（俄狄浦斯王）, Electra（伊莱克特拉(谋杀其母及其情人者), and Antigone. Oedipus complex（恋母情结）and Electra complex(恋父情结) derived from Sophocles’ plays.17.Euripides（欧里庇得斯）wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache,Medea, and Trojan Women.edy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes,who has left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds.19.Euripides _ is the first writer of "problem plays".20.Herodotus（希罗多德）is often called “Father of History”. He wrote about thewars between Greeks and Persians.21.Thucydides（修西得底斯）described the war between Athens and Sparta andbetween Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.22.Pythagoras（毕达哥拉斯）was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things werenumbers.23.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.24.Heracleitus(赫拉克利特) believed fire to the primary element of the universe, outof which everything else had arisen.25.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.26.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other,they are the Cynics（犬儒学派）, the Sceptics（怀疑论学派）, the Epicureans（伊壁鸠鲁学派）, and the Stoics（斯多葛学派）.27.Euclid(欧几里得) is well-known for his Elements《几何原本》, a textbook ofgeometry.28.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”29.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric （多利安式）style which is also called the masculine style; the Ionic（爱奥尼亚式）style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the Corinthian（科林斯式）style.30.The Acropolis at Athens（雅典卫城）and the Parthenon(万神殿) are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years.31.The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire.32.The Roman writer Horace said: “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”.大意：征服者反被被征服者所征服。
西方文化 试题及答案
西方文化试题及答案题一：列举西方文化的特点，并分别举例说明。
西方文化的特点主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 传统与现代相结合：西方文化在长期的发展过程中，历经多个时期和重大事件的冲击、变革。
因此，它既保留了许多传统文化的元素，又与现代社会相结合，形成了独特的文化风貌。
例如，西方艺术中的古典主义和现代艺术中的抽象主义、概念艺术等风格并存。
2. 科技与创新：西方文化注重科学技术的发展与应用，强调创新和实用性。
西方国家在工业、医学、信息技术等领域取得了世界领先地位。
比如，西方国家在航天技术、人工智能、医学影像等领域的创新和突破。
3. 个人价值与自由：西方文化强调个人的价值和权利，主张尊重个体的自由和独立思考的能力。
西方国家的法律制度、民主制度、言论自由等都是基于这一价值观建立的。
例如，美国宪法中明确规定的人权和自由权利。
4. 多元开放与国际交流：西方文化接纳多元文化，促进国际交流，以开放的心态对待其他文化。
它倡导多元文化的融合与共存，培养全球化视野。
例如，欧洲国家通过欧盟的建立，实现了政治和经济的整合。
题二：从西方文化的角度，分析现代社会中存在的挑战和机遇。
西方文化在现代社会中既面临挑战，也有机遇。
1. 挑战：全球化带来的文化冲击。
随着全球化的推进，西方文化面临来自不同文化的冲击和竞争。
如何保持自身独特性、传统和核心价值面临挑战。
2. 机遇：文化多元促进创新与发展。
西方国家借助全球文化的融合，可以不断吸取其他文化的创新与发展经验。
多元文化的碰撞与融合，可以再次激发西方文化的活力和创造力。
3. 挑战：社会价值观的多元化和冲突。
随着社会的多元化发展，西方国家内部不同文化群体之间的价值观差异可能带来社会矛盾和冲突。
如何实现价值观的平衡与和谐是一个重要的挑战。
4. 机遇：推动全球性的社会问题解决。
作为先进的文化体系，西方文化具备解决全球性社会问题的能力。
例如，西方国家在气候变化、贫富差距、人权保护等领域的实践和经验可以为其他国家提供借鉴和启示。
欧洲文化入门复习
1、There are many elements constituting(组成) of European Culture.2、There are two major elements：Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.3、The richness(丰富性) of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.第一章1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense(无限的)amount of slave labour.3、Olympus mount，Revived in 1896(当代奥运会)4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)‗s epics was created by Homer.5、The events of Homer‗s epics was his own time. (False)(They are not about events of Homer‗s own time，probably in the period1200-1100 B.C.)6、The Homer‗s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey.7、Agamemnon，Hector，Achilles are in Iliad.8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey.9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→James Joyoe‗s Ulysses(描述一天的生活)。
In the 20th century.10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C.11、三大悲剧大师①Aeschylus《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》②Sophocles(之首)《Oedipus the King》—→ Freud‗s ―the Oedipus complex‖ (恋母情结) —→ David Herbert Lawrence‘s《Sons and lovers》(劳伦斯)447页③EuripidesA.《Trojan Women》B.He is the first writer of ―problem plays‖(社会问题剧) 在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物C.Elizabeth Browning called him ―Euripides human‖(一个纯粹的人)D.Realism can be traced back(追溯到) to the Ancient Greece.12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派(The lakers)华兹华兹(新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游记》《大人国小人国》《温和的提议》用讽刺的写作手法)13、History (Historical writing)史学创作※―Father of History‖ —→ Herodotus —→ war(between Greeks an d Persians)This war is called Peleponicion wars. 伯罗奔尼撒，3只是陈述史实，并没有得出理论。
西方文化导论课后复习题
1.G ive a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age，and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology ，Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC-547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water，The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey。
2 What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western Civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization.The second significant influence was that of philosophy，give sound guidance to later year people to improve and change the world outside themselves。
西方文化传统试题
B、同形是指诸神具有人的形体，同性是指诸神具有人的性情。
2、前三头同盟
A、前三头同盟是指罗马共和国晚期克拉苏、庞培、恺撒三人缔结的政治同盟；
B、前三头同盟的出现标志着罗马共和国已经走向没落，骑士阶层开始公开地与元老院相抗衡，并且逐渐控制了罗马共和国的命运。
B、宗教改革是16世纪发生于北部欧洲即日耳曼语世界中的一场文化变革运动，它的原因是非常复杂的，既有虔诚质朴的德国基督教徒对罗马天主教会腐败虚伪行径的道德愤慨，也有北方日耳曼民族与南方拉丁民族之间由来已久的政治、经济矛盾。宗教改革的主要目的是为了纯洁信仰和重建道德，但是它同时也导致了民族国家的崛起和世俗经济的发展。宗教改革运动产生了路德宗、安立甘宗和加尔文宗等三大主流教派。
B、宗教宽容构成了西方近代科学理性和民主政治生长的温床，宽容精神首先从宗教领域开始出现，继而发展为一般性的宽容，从而使科学和民主的成长成为可能。
二、论述题
1、从基督教起源角度看基督教与希伯来文化、希腊文化、罗马文化之间的关系。
A、基督教与希伯来文化的关系：犹太教为基督教提供了圣教历史、基本律法、一神教信仰和罪孽意识等东西，但是基督教也超越了犹太教狭隘的民族主义藩篱和律法主义限制，突出了唯灵主义、信仰主义和彼岸主义等特点。
B、路德率先发起宗教改革，打破了罗马天主教一统天下的格局。路德通过“因信称义”思想倡导了一种精神上的自由，把信仰变成了个人的事情；
C、安立甘宗的改革是由英国国王从上至下地进行的，它把国王的权力提升到罗马教会之上，促进了英国民族国家的崛起和立宪政治的发展，并且通过教产还俗推动了英国资本主义原始积累的发展；
外国文学常识常见复习题
外国文学常识常见复习题期末口试题型一、诵读外国文学经典作品。
简要谈谈该作品给您带来得人生启示或审美感悟。
(要求:形式为朗诵或表演,篇目自选,时间3至5分钟。
共70分)二、外国文学基础知识题:1、请说出10部本学期所讲外国文学经典作品名称、作者与国籍(每人必答,共15分)2、选择题或填空题 (每人根据题号现场抽题一道,共15 分)外国文学常识口试复习题一、填空题。
1、( )文学就是欧美文学得发源地。
古希腊戏剧起源于酒神祭祀,酒神就是( )。
悲剧起源于( )古希腊三大悲剧作家就是( )、( )、( )。
2、恩格斯评价( )就是“中世纪得最后一位诗人,同时又就是新时代得最初一位诗人”。
在她得代表作《神曲》中,古罗马诗人( )象征着( ),引导但丁经历了地狱与炼狱,而引导她游历天堂得则就是代表( )得少女( )。
3、文艺复兴时期意大利文艺三杰就是( )( )( ),她们得代表作( )、( )、( )。
塞万提斯得代表作就是( )。
4、英国戏剧家本·琼生称赞莎士比亚“不属于一个时代,而属于所有世纪”。
莎士比亚一生创作了2首叙事长诗、( )首十四行诗、( )部戏剧。
莎士比亚得“四大悲剧”分别就是( )、( )、( )、( )。
5《奥赛罗》中得主要人物有( )、( )、( )。
“人就是一件多么了不得得杰作！具有多么高贵得理性,多么优美得仪表,多么文雅得举动……宇宙得精华！万物得灵长！”出自莎士比亚悲剧( )。
“金子,黄黄得发光得金子！这东西只要一点点,就可以使丑得变成美得……”出自莎士比亚悲剧( )。
6、笛福就是英国现实主义小说得奠基者,被誉为英国得“小说之父”,她得代表作就是( ),作品中得主人公就是西方文学中第一个资产阶级正面形象;给年轻得歌德带来世界性声誉得作品就是小说( )。
她代表作诗剧( )则就是欧洲四大古典名著之一。
法国四大启蒙作家就是( )、( )、( )、( )。
7、法国大文豪雨果在她得《克伦威尔序言》中提出著名得( )原则。
西方文化史练习题
西方文化习题一、选择题1．古代埃及人发明象形文字，并且不断（）和完善。
A发展B促进C加以改进D发扬2．古代埃及在建筑方面取得了举世瞩目的成就尤其是（）的建造，至今仍是一个不解之迷。
A古塔B金字塔C斜塔D三角塔3．《旧约圣经》是犹太教的经典，但这一名称是（）才有的。
A犹太教的兴起B基督教兴起之后C宗教兴起D古代犹太教兴起4．“荷马史诗”是我们研究“黑暗时代”希腊社会的惟一文字史料，因此“黑暗时代”又称为（）。
A史诗时代B荷马时代C时代晚期D时代的代表5．梭伦（约公元前638-前559）不仅是雅典著名的政治家和改革，也是希腊（）哀歌诗人。
A杰出的B卓越的C领先的D伟大的6．近代自然学的开端事件是（）。
A哥白尼创立太阳中心说B开普勒提出开普勒定律C牛顿创立微积分数学D威兼·哈维确立血液循环学说7．产业革命时期，有“钢琴诗人”之称的音乐家是（）。
A贝多芬B肖邦C舒伯特D李斯特8．爱因斯坦在世界科技史上的最大贡献是（）。
A量子力学理论B相对论C量子统计理论D万有引力定律9．俄国伟大作家托尔斯泰的《复活》是一部（）的代表作。
A浪漫主义文学B新古典主义文学C批判现实主义文学D无产阶级文学10．用立体评论方法结合象征寓言方法创作了著名油画《格尔尼卡》，揭露法西斯侵略暴行的画家是（）。
A康定斯基B爱德华·蒙克 C亨利·马蒂斯 D毕加索11．萨福（）是抒情时代著名的女诗人以独唱琴歌著称。
A公元前602~？B公元前612~？C公元前621~？D公元前610~？12．古代雅典的物质生活贫乏，却有着丰富的（）生活。
A文化B精神C精神文化D物质13．苏格拉底（公元前469-前399）是雅典著名的（）哲学家。
A唯物主义B唯心主义C个人主义D相以主义14．苏格拉底在批判智者学派的相对主义时，提出了“（）的命题”。
A艺术即知识B道德即知识C美德即知识D哲学即知识15．《形而上学》是亚里士多德的主要哲学著作，是关于宇宙本体（实体）的学说，亚里士多德称之为“（）”。
欧洲文化入门试题及答案
I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1.Two major elements in European culture are ______ .A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2.deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the cityof Troy).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3.The play Prometheus Bound was written by.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4.The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was, who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD.Aeschylus5.was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6,by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7.Dante called ___ " the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes8.Euclid is even now well-known for his.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9.has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10.Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between.A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11.It is who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagorastook supreme power as emperor with the title of in 27 B. C..Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana13.The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero14.The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, calledA. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis15.In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian CaPtiVity(巴比伦之囚).A. 169B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 .16.The most important and influential of English Bible is, first published in 1611.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version17.is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version18.It is generally accepted that and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament19.The Middle Ages is a period in which,and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20.The centre of medieval life under feudalism was.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21.In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into _______ a nd the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22.by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23.The Anglo-Saxon epic ______ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24.Generally speaking. Renaissance refers to the period between.A. the 13th and 15th centuriesB. the 14th and mid-17th centuryC. the 15th and 16th centuriesD. the 14th and 16th centuries25.is the essence of the Renaissance.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultureAttempts to get rid of conservatismThe flowering of paintings, sculpture and architectureHumanism26.Fracesco Petrarch, the author of____ , is known as Father of Humanism.A. the DecameronC. DavidD. Sleeping Venus27.After Reformation,came into being.A. ChristianityB. CalvinismC. LutheranismD. Protestantism28.Which was NOT true about DurerA, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcutC, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther29.Father of modern astronomy is.A. Da VinciB. Amerigo VespucciC. Nicolaus CopernicusD. Marchiavelli30.Vasari was best known for his entertaining biographies of.A. FabricaB. PrinceC. the Divine ComedyD. Lives of the Artists31.1,theories have given rise to important developments of modem science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.A. Galileo GalileiB. Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizC. Sir Isaac NewtonD. Johannes Kepler32.In the first, Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.A.the Advancement of LearningB. the New AtlantisC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government33.Thomas Hobbes,s is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A.LeviathanB. the Advancement of LearningC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government34.The theme of is the fall of men.A. New MethodB. Treatise of Civil GovernmentC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Paradise Lost35.was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.A. CorneilleB. RacineC. MoliereD. Descartes36.Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climaxA. RubensB. BerniniC. BorrominiD. Caravaggio37.Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of theA. John LockeB. RousseauC. VoltaireD. Montesquieu38.In which of Diderofs works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles DarwinA. Philosophical ThoughtsB. Rameau,s NephewC. Elements of PhysiologyD. Encyclopedie39.1,novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.A. Walter ScottB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel JohnsonD. Samuel Richardson40.Which of the Lessing,s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German dramaA. Minna Von BarnhelmB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgicD. Nathan the Wise41.In, Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.A. the Sorrow of Young WertherB. FaustC. Wilhelm Meister,s TravelsD. Poetry and Truth42.Among Schiller,s works,was a play best known to the Chinese audience.A. The RobbersB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. Wilhelm Tell43.Kant,s years of his philosophical studies are Crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.General History of Nature and Theory of the HeavensCritique of Practical ReasonC. Critiquue of JudgementD. Critique of Pure Reason44.It has been said that tς the world had waited centuries for and he was only to remain herea moment”.A. BeethovenB. HaydnC. MozartD. Bach45.Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novelA. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Walter Scott46.In 1798,, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Lyrical BalladsC. Isles of GreeceD. Ode to the West Wind47.Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women ,s freedom in love and marriageA. George SandB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding48.StOOd in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia,is generally recognized as his masterpiece.A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our TimeB. Pushkin, Luslan and LiudmilaC. Pushkin, Boris GodunovD. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin49.The publication of Mickiewicz,s is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism inPolish literature.A. Sonnets from the CrimeaB. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and RamancesD. Pan Tadeusz50.Beethoven,s is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller,s Ode to Joy.A. Symphony No. 3B. Symphony No. 5C. Symphony No. 6D. Symphony No. 951.sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic.A. BerliozB. ChopinC. WagnerD. Verdi52.Based on, Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.the German classical philosophy B. the English classical political economythe Utopian Socialism D. the Manifesto of the Communist Party53.Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of, so Marx discovered the law of development of.the survival of the fittest, the communist partythe natural selection, the scientific socialismorganic nature, human historyD. natural species, historical societies54.In 1858 Darwin received a letter from, who, working independently, also came to the conclusion concerning the origin of the species by means of natural selection.A. John Stevens HenslowB. Charles LyellC. Thomas HuxleyD. Alfred Russel Wallace55.Zola defined the theory of and illustrated it in his great work entitled.naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts B. naturalism, Madame BovaryC. realism, the Human ComedyD. realism, the Charterhouse of Parma56.was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy57.holds an important position in his own country's cultural history as an ethical philosopher and religious reformer.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy58.Among Ibsen,s masterpieces,is a plea for the emancipation of women.A. GhostsB. A DolΓs HouseC. the Wild DuckD. Hedda Gabler59.Among Charles Dickens,s works,has the most intricate, complicated plot.A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. Bleak House60.1,George Eliofs masterpiece, is regarded by some critics as the finest English novel of the 19th century.A. MiddlemarchB. The Mill on the FlossC. Adam BedeD. Silas Marner61.The term “impressionism“ was taken directly from the title of Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).A. Renoir,sB. Pissarro,sC. Manet,sD. Monet,s62.was particularly good at doing portraits of ballet dancers in opera houses.A. RenoirB. DegasC. MonetD. Pissarro63. reacted against impressionism by using color to suggest his own emoyion and temperament.A. Paul CezanneB. Paul GauguinC. Vincent van GoghD. Auguste Rodin64.In Freudian system,is the container of the instrinctual urges.A. IdB. EgoC. SuperegoD. Oedipus Comlex65.. Eliofs long poem is his major Contibution to English poetry.the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Four QuartetsC. the Waste LandD. imagism66.by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. DublinersC. Finnegans WakeD. Ulysses67.The term “ Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of playLook Back in Anger (1956).A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s68.poem Howl, written in 1956, was regardedas an important development in American poetry.A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s69.is known as the first44 cubisf, novel: in his novels, one finds a precise, neutral description of things, registered with a camera,s eye.A. Samuel BeckettB. Nathalie SarrauteC. Jean-Paul SartreD. Alain Robbe-Grillet70.masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was rememdered as one of the mostfamous Absurd Drama. A. Nathalie Sarraute*s B. Samuel Beckett ,sC. Jean-Paul Sartre ,sD. Alain Robbe-Grillefs ∏. Match the names ofColumn A with the appropriate items of Column B.Column Ba. the founder of the inductive methodb. Don Giovannic. one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theoryd. a universal geniuse. The Execution of the Third of Mayf. Eugene Oneging. the Oedipus complexh. The Aeneidi. Fabricaj. Prometheus Unbound k. Critique of Pure Reasonl.The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs m. Encyclopedie n. the first to use the term Renaissanceo. Institutes of the Christian Religion p. the supreme figure in scholasticismq. The Betrothed r. The Social Contract s. Phaedrat. the founder of analytical geometry (b) Ten Commandments(c ) the Cantos ](d) Elements (e) Moll Flanders (f) Last Supper(g)The Waste Land(h) Paradise Lost(i)The Marriage of Figaro (j) the Starry Messenger(a) author of "The Red and the Black" (b) Polish astronomer(c)Emperor of the Romans(d) Dutch Baroque painter(e)author of the painting of MadonnaColumn A 1. Sophocles 2. Democritus 3. Virgil4. Thomas Aquinas5. Da Vinci6. John Calvin7. Andreas Vesalius8. Giorgio Vasari9. Goya10. Percy Bysshe Shelley 11. Alessandro Manzoni 12. Aleksander Pushkin 13. Immanuel Kant 14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 15. Rene Descartes 16. Francis Bacon 17. Nicolaus Copemicus 18. Jean Racin 19. Diderot20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 21. Euclid [ ] (a) Eugene Onegin 22. da Vinci [] 23. Galileo [] 1.1. Eliot [ 25. Milton [ 26. Defoe [ J 27. Pushkin [] 28. Mozart [] 29. Moses []( 30. Ezra Pound [] 21. Charlemagne [] 22. Raphael I ] 23. Virgil I ] 24. Copernicus [] 25. Cromwell [](f) Latin poetg) author of the poem "London" (h) Ulysses(i) leader of the English revolution(j) composer of Messiah(a) the Society of Jesus(b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific (c) Dialogues (d) the mazurkas(e)The Counterfeiters(f) Faust(g) the Divine Comedy(h) the Advancement of Learning(i) Ulysses(j)Prometheus Unbound1. Which of the following is not true about AristotleA. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman EmpireA. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 3. The Bible has been regarded as. A. a religious book B. literature C. record of great minds D. 'all of the above 4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization. 5. The Crusades were wars between.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope* s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above 7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was.A. What do I knowB. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who. A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope26. Rembrandt [] 27. Handel [] 28. William Blake [ J 29. Stendhal [] 30. James Joyce [] 21. Plato [J 22. Dante [] 23. Ignatius [ ∣ 24. Bacon [] 25. Engels [] 26. James Joyce [] 27. Shelley [] 28. Goethe [] 29. Chopin [] 30. Andre Gide []B.discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC.explored the mouth of the AmazonD.was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9.Which of the following laws was discovered by NewtonA. Law of inertia.B. Law of faking bodies.C. Law of relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10.In Locke's political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government wasA. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11.Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial RevolutionA.The substitution of water power for human power.B.The introduction of machine.C.The beginning of the factory system.D.The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12."Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by.A. VoltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13.In the works of can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14.The poem of Byron's that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th centuryA. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15.Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC.ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty3.1.is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinD.Schumann17.Which of the following works was not written by Charles DickensA. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18.The author of the short story The Necklace was.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19."The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EHotD. William Butler Yeats20.regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. ShoIokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky第二部分非选择题In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left handcolumn with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)21. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time25. Titian ( ) (e) OtheIIo26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession28. CoIeridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi30. Descartes ( ) (j ) Mathematical Principles PhilosohyGive a one-sentence answer to each Of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )31.What are the three styles in Greek architecture32.What was Marcus Cicero noted for33.What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture34.Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake35.What is the theory put forward by Copemicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs"36.What is Montesquieu's redefinition of law参考答案L 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A 12. B 13.C 14. D 15.C 16. B17. E 18. D 19. B 20. D22. b 23. e 24. i 25. h 26;a 27. j 28. e 29. d 30, fm. 31. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style (or the masculine style), the Ionic style(or the feminine style),and the Corinthian style.32.Marcus Cicero was noted for his oratory and fine writing style.33.The fusion and blending of different ideas and practices in the Middle ages paved the way for the development of what iv the present-day European culture.34.Because Jan Hus attacked the abases of the church in his sermons and writings.35.The theory put forward by Copernicus is that the sun, not the earth is the centre of the universe.36.Montesquieu redefined law as the necessary relationships which derive from the nature of things. Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points)45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art45. The Renaissance art has the following distinctive features:(1) Art broke away from the domination of the church. Artists who used to be craftsmen commissioned by the church to paint the design became a separate strata like writers and poets doing noble and creative work.(2)Themes of paintings changed from purely celestial realm focusing on the stories of the Bible ,of God Jesus and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of nature and man. Even when the themes remained celestial, the heroes were given human qualities and given strong muscles and sinews Of man.(3)The artists studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the principles of ancient civilization into their works. They began to be supported by individual collectors.(4)Artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective.。
西方文化习题汇总
Chapter One Culture in Ancient GreeceMultiple choices:1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2.In _______ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B.C.D. The 5th century3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A. AristophanesB. EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus8.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras9. ________ is the major foundation in the Western culture and makes a powerful impact on the development of human civilization.A. Ancient European cultureB. Ancient Greek cultureC. Ancient Chinese cultureD. Ancient Egyptian culture10. Greek culture can date back to____.A. the Neolithic AgeB. the Bronze AgeC. the Stone and Bronze AgeD. the Old Stone Age11. Mycenaean culture was influenced the most by Cretan culture on ____.A. farmingB. handicraft and tradeC. religionD. philosophy12. The Trojan War broke out at the end of ____.A. the Heroic AgeB. the Golden AgeC. the Cretan CivilizationD. the Mycenaean Civilization13. The first Olympiad began in the ____ period of the Golden Age.A. archaicB. centralC. dependentD. dark14. ____was called “the first citizen of Athens” by Thucydides and in his reign the slave-based democracy politics in Athens reached its peak.A. Justinian IB. CleonC. PericlesD. Ptolemy15. ____established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Heraclitus16. Herodotus, father of Greek history, focused on describing the war between _____in his book, The Histories.A. Thebes and SpartaB. Persia and SyracuseC. Athens and SpartaD. Greeks and PersiansTrue of false question.(1) The play Oedipus at Colonus was written by Aristophanes. F(2) Greek philosophy started with Aristotle. F(3) The famous bronze sculpture of athletes, Discus Thrower, was created by Myron. T(4) Euclid discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere. F(5) The chief Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. TShort answer questionsHow did the ancient Greek Civilization develop in its long history?Firstly, early period of Greek Civilization: the development of Cretan and Mycenaean Civilization. Secondly, with the development of economy, many city-states were founded. Aristocratic rulers were trying to proceed their reforms in politics and legislations, which led to the prosperity of Greek Civilization. Last, after two wars, Greek Civilization came to its end.Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age, and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology, Greek philosophy started with Thales who believed that the material world originated in water. The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning. Literary representation centered round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey.Chapter Two Culture in Ancient RomeMultiple choices:1.Ancient Roman culture is the culture from the formation of _____ to the end of the Roman Empire, which hadlasted about 1200 years throughout.A. Roman RepublicB. ByzantiumC. Pax RomanaD. Seven Hill Ally2.____ were the twins, the founders of Rome in the history.A. Octavian and CaesarB. Caesar and RemusC. Romulus and RemusD. Romulus and Octavian3.____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.A. CaesarB. OctavianC. RemusD. Pompey4.The First Triumvirate consisted of ____.A. Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, SullaB. Pompey, Crassus, CleopatraC. Pompey, Crassus, Julius CaesarD. Octavian, Brutus, Marius5.Punic wars are a series of wars between Rome and ____.A. GreekB. SicilyC. SpainD. Carthage6.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus Tullius Cicero7.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB. The PantheonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard8.The Law of the Twelve Tables was inscribed in _____.A.450 BCB. 200 BCC. 40 BCD. 400 BC9.The Italian poet Dante regarded _____ as his teacher in The Divine Comedy.A.VirgilB. HoraceC. OvidD. Chaucer10.In _____ the Romans conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B.C.C. 146 B.C.D. the 5th centuryTrue of false question.(1) In ancient Rome, freed slaves could become Roman citizen without any restrictions on their legal rights. F(2) All free-born citizens could get married in Roman society. F(3) All Romans got their daily needs from war ravages and looting in other defeated countries or areas. F(4) In Roman society, women had more chances to do some social activities than those in the East. T(5) The Romans usually entertained at the risk of slaves’ lives. T(6) All Roman citizens were allowed to vote on laws or on the decision of who were to be leaders. F(7) After Civil War, Roman entered the Pax Romana, the longest period of peace in Rome. T(8) The first Trumvirate was a formal one consisting of Octavian, Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. F(9) In Rome, Stoicism and Epicureanism originated from Greece. T(10) Before Christianity enter Rome, Ancient Romans had mostly been polytheists. TShort answer questionsPlease give a brief introduction to the development of ancient Rome. Analyze the reasons that attributed the conversion of Roman Republic to Roman Empire.Reasons:a. Roman rulership inherited largely from ancient Greece. Under the Republic, senators were elected by the people to run the government.b. Territory expanse caused rich landowners and merchants to be able to buy up most of the country land, which led to instability of Roman military.c. Fights among powerful rulers, such as the fight in the first Triumvirate, and in the second Triumvirate, gave chance to get the supreme power to only one person instead of the people.In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.It is universally acknowledged that Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture. This could be seen in what Roman culture adopted from Greek culture as is demonstrated in religion, philosophy and literature.In religion, we know most of the gods in Roman myths came from Greek legends in terms of function and contribution to their myths. Nevertheless, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The parallel arrangement of gods provides accurate evidence to show the similarity of the two religions and Roman wisdom in borrowing fine elements from an external culture is obvious.The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples to demonstrate Greek influence on their Roman counterpart. The best example is perhaps Stoicism and Epicureanism, both of which originated from Greece and were further developed and modified in Rome.In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a great deal from Greek culture. For example, one could find lots of traces of Greek tragedy in Roman drama. Even in Virgil’s best known epic Aeneid, we could read of similar story of the hero in his voyage from Troy to Rome, compared to Odysseus, who overcomes many difficulties on his way home though they are certainly set against different backgrounds.All in all, the two cultures are closely linked partly because Greek culture is so illustrious that no one could leave it out without picking up something from it. The Roman people were sufficiently intelligent that they could not refuseto take such an opportunity to learn something when the opportunity was available.Chapter Three Jewish Culture and The Old TestamentMultiple choices:1.The Babylonian Captivity refers to the captivation and imprisonment of the Jews by Nebuchadnezzar II, in ____.A.586 BCB.450 BCC.336 BCD.586 AC2.Jerusalem was established as the capital in ___.A.585 BCB.1000 BCC.1000 ADD.585 AD3.In history, Israelite monarchy prospered with the three kings, Saul, ____.A.David and SolomonB.Moses and DavidC.Jacob and DavidD.Jacob and Solomon4.The ancestor of the Jews is ___.A.GreekB. GermanicC. HebrewD. Roman5.The whole Old Testament is written in ______ except some brief portions which are in the Aramaic languageA.classical HebrewB.classical EnglishC.classical GreekD.classical LatinFill in the blanks1.Jehovah is worshipped as the chief god of the country of Israel.2.Ezekiel helped Jewish people spread the religion of Judaism and finally confirmed it during the BabylonianCaptivity and later period.3.The core of Judaism is Mose’s Ten Commandments and Rabbis’ interpretations of the doctrines.4.The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah.True of false question.1.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first 10 books. F2.The Old Testament was written in Hebrew, including the three parts: Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa andApocrypha. T3.Exodus describes how Aaron led the people of Israel out of Egypt in the 13th or 14th centuries BC, including theirlife in Egypt and how they suffered from oppression. F4.The Prophets mainly introduces all kinds of prophets. T5.Apocrypha books are not included in the canon of the Old Testament because of their uncertain authorship orlegendary. TShort answer questionsSay something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literary value.What would you say about the Jewish contribution to Christianity and Western culture? Give examples to show how Jewish culture relates to and differs from the other cultures, such as Greek and Arabic cultures.The Jewish culture has done much for Christianity and Western culture, such as the Jewish contribution to the transmission of Western culture .One of the examples is Jewish assistance to the establishment of Christianity. It was the Jews who worked as the early organizers and participants in the underground activities of the Christians. Another example concerns Philo, the major Jewish-Hellenistic philosopher of the early period, combined both the Greek philosophical element and Jewish theology.Chapter Four Christianity and The New TestamentFill in the blanks(1) Owing to the repeated conquests of Jerusalem by various aggressors, like Alexander the Great and the Romans, the Jews suffered a great deal from the violent suppression and the final loss of their homeland.(2) Plato’s ideas provided a more intellectual and reasonable framework for the basic beliefs of pious Jewish people.(3) Baptism is to wash off one’s original sin by sprinkling water over one’s body to indicate that one’s original sin is washed off and that one is admitted into the church.(4) Anointment is a ritual where a priest put specially-made oil on the dying to show benefaction and forgiveness of the sin in that person’s lifetime.(5) Purgatory is a state or place of temporary punishment for the removal of sins not possible in any other ways.(6) The Mass is a formal rite, ceremony or service of religious worship.(7) Excommunication means a Christian is partly or completely expelled from the church, usually with the loss of his citizenship.Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch3.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?A. Honor your father and your mother.B. Do not commit suicide.C. Do not desire your neighbor’s wife.D. Do not take the name of God in vain.4. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practice their religion?A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th century5. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all otherreligions?A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar6. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I7. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John Baptist(施洗者约翰)D. John Wycliff8. Christianity is the system of religious belief and practice about ____ and started at the turn of ____A. Mary, 1st century ADB. Jesus Christ, 1st century ADC. Jehovah, 1st century BCD. Jesus Christ, 1st century BC9. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the “Authorized”D. the Septuagint(七十子译本《旧约圣经》的希腊文译本)10. On February ____ , the Roman Emperor, ______ , accepted Christianity as the official religion.A. 380, Alexander the GreatB. 380, TheodosiusC. 400, OctavianD. 100, Jesus Christ11. _____, the Christian Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. In 1054. In 1054 BC C. In 1055 D. In 38012. In 451 AD, the archbishop of Roman Church, ____________, made himself Pope.A. St. PeterB. Saint Leo IC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin13. The largest and earliest of non-Roman Catholic Groups in the West is ___________.A. Lutheran ChurchB. AnglicanismC. PresbyterianD. Free Churches14. ______ is the 2nd book of The Old Testament, telling the history of Hebrews, flight out of Egypt led by Moses.A. ExodusB. GospelC. GenesisD. Job15. _______ is the cradle of many civilizations, such as Trojan, Phrygian, Achaemenid, Greek, Armenian, Roman and Byzantine.A. EgyptB. Asia MinorC. JerusalemD. Aegean SeaShort answer questionReasons for Roman acceptance of Christianity:a. For the common people in the empire who were fed up with wars and social turmoil, they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role to pacify and comfort them with love and care more effectively than other organizations or religions.b. It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance to control ideologically and intellectually the ordinary people, which was thus welcomed by the kings, emperors or aristocrats.c. The name and influence of Christianity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification, which would help the majority of people to accept the reign of a newly emerging ruler and his followers.d. Christianity is also a kind of culture, which to many people suggests social stability and recovery of an old life style they are accustomed to. Though conservative as well, it could be tolerated because their life and property could thus be secured in the changed circumstances.True of False(1) When Jesus Christ fled from his brother Esau, he imagined the ladder to heaven. F(2) Christianity is a kind of culture. T(3) Before the 4th century, Christians had been persecuted in Roman Empire. T(4) Jewish culture and religion were immensely enriched by Christianity and Western culture. F(5) The Trinity is the unity of Holy Father, Holy Son and Holy Spirit in one divine being. TChapter Five The Middle Ages and Germanic CultureFill in the blanks(1) Byzantine culture achieved remarkable progress by combining the cultural essence of Greece and Rome with the Eastern culture.(2) Neo-Platonism is a philosophy linking Greek philosophy and the Eastern mysticism, which focused on the power of spirit and transcendentalism.(3) Spiritually and culturally, 14th century in Byzantium showed remarkable vitality.(4) The early medieval literature was represented by poems, particularly by hymns pressing the intense religious feelings of love of God.(5) The artistic achievements of the Medieval Ages mostly related to religion, since it was the focal point in people’s lives and the church was the principal promoter of artistic work.(6) Construction of major buildings during the Middle Ages, consisted mainly of large numbers of churches, generally in Romanesque and Gothic styles.Multiple Choice1. After the last Roman emperor was overthrown by the German mercenary troops, the European civilization moved into _____.A. the modern eraB. the Middle AgesC. the new periodD. the Renaissance2. The barbarous tribes included Celts, Germans and _______.A. FrenchB. ItaliansC. SlavsD. Tartars3. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4764.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs5. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James6.Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic?A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French7. Which of the following is NOT true about Scholasticism.A. Scholasticism was initiated by the medieval theologians to defend and consolidate the status of Christianity.B. The Scholars employed Aristotle’s statement and Plato’s theory of ideas to explain God’s existence.C. The Scholars made a compromise between science and philosophy.D. Scholasticism regarded the Bible as the only source of absolute truth, making reason submit to religious faith. True or false questions(1) Carolingian culture was featured with Christianity because of the latter’s strong influence on the barbarous tribes. T(2) Edda is a collection of Germanic myths which provides the prototypes for later tales of European nations. F(3) All the English names of the weekdays derive from the Northern gods. F(4) The legends in Charlemagne’s life and deeds were frequently referenced by many poets of the Renaissance and later periods. T(5) In the German and Norse mythology, the gods are not perfect. They represent different forces of the God, struggling against the primeval giants. T(6) Since the medieval culture retarded during almost 1000 years development, this period never enhanced Western human civilization in history. F(7) The division of the Frank Empire into three parts after Charlemagne’s death signified the weakening of the centralized system. T(8) The spirit of the Germans formed one part of the central features of the Christian Trinity. T(9) The hierarchical levels of the priesthood during Medieval Ages begin with the Pope as supreme leader, followed by cardinals, archbishops, bishops and the parish priest.T(10) In medieval society, God permanently served as an image of severity and solemnity, without change until the renaissance. F(11) Serfs in the plantations of the Charlemagne’s Empire worked hard because they could be rewarded. F(12) The icon referred to the abstract image of Jesus Christ in the period of Byzantium. T(13) Scholasticism was created by Vatican in the Middle Ages to handle the ideas of infidelity with the help of classical philosophy. TShout answer questionsWhat is your comment on the status of medieval culture and politics in Western history?(1) social advantages for the change of productive means;(2) the weakening of the centralized system;(3) the increasing influences of the Church;(4) cultural contributions of Germans and other nationalities;a. Germanic contributions to Christianity－Power in Christian Trinity mainly came from the Goths who were brave, militant and tactically capable of warring. Charlemagne the Great tried to restore Roman culture and promote cultural development.b. The Muslims also contributed considerably to the preservation and dissemination of classical culture.(5) utilitarian tendency of the medieval culture;a. the emergence of a range of different cultures;b. the humanizing and perfecting of hierarchy;c. the humanization of Christian doctrines.Chapter Six Culture during the RenaissanceFill in the blanks(1) The Renaissance was to recover ancient culture and art; while the Reformation was to recover ancient Christian theology.(2) With far-reaching political, economic and social effects, the Reformation became a basis for the founding of Protestantism, which emerged as one of the three major branches of Christianity.(3) Calvin’s theory of Predestination conformed to expectations of bourgeoisie.(4) Calvin practiced his democratic and republican system on the basis of principles in the New Testaments.(5) Francis Bacon was the founder of experimental science and materialism.(6) “I am thinking, therefore I exist” was spoken by Rene Descartes.Multiple Choice1. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance?A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio?A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4. The medieval civilization met its climax during the _________.A. 14th centuryB. 13th centuryC. 12th centuryD. 11th century5. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo7. The earliest university in Europe was the one established in _______ .A. BerlinB. RomeC. BolognaD. Oxford8. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael9. Which of the following is not the inspiration for the Renaissance?A. The break-up of feudal structures.B. The emergence of national monarchies.C. The rise of folk culture and popular literature.D. The revival of religious beliefs.10. In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal（教皇制度的）authorities take place?A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII11. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church?A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. Queen12. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais（拉拍雷）, in which he praises the greatness of man,expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?A. Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia13. Whose motto put down in his essays “What do I Know?” is world famous?A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. Montaigne(蒙田：法国人文主义思想家)D. Shakespeare14.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a style which is easy and familiar?A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance15. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet?A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne16. In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?A. BruegelB. Erasmus（伊拉兹马斯C. El GrecoD. Rabelais17. “To be, or not to be, -- that is the question. ”is from whose works?A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. Shakespeare18. The core idea of the Renaissance was ________.A. rationalismB. realismC. humanismD. classicism19.The bourgeoisie was a result of ____ production in terms of wage-payment and profit.A. massB. agriculturalC. industrialD. commercial20. The most important reason for the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy is _______.A. Italy’s prosperous tradeB. the variety of urban social lifeC. the use of Latin as a common languageD. that the newly emerging capitalists sought to oppose feudal and divine dominance of society21. The major boost of Humanism is _______ .A. the fall of ConstantinopleB. the prosperity of the city of FlorenceC. the prosperous trade and production of handicraftD. the rich variety of urban social life22. Which of the following is not the major principle of humanism?A. Literature should represent the feelings of ordinary humans.B. Science should produce benefits for mankind.C. Education should develop divine spirit and classical culture.D. Man should become central in everything.True or false(1) Individualism was the foundation of social ideology during the Renaissance. T(2) Dante’s most important works On Monarchy shows most of his humanist ideas over which he was meditating during years of exile. F(3) Petrarch opposed the papal authority and other supreme authorities by exemplifying his attitudes towards Aristotle. T(4) The Renaissance and humanism greatly contributed to the occurrence of Enlightenment and bourgeois revolution. T(5) Humanism helped spark the Reformation, while the latter hindered the development of the former. T(6) Cultural salon was founded in order to spread the Graeco-Roman culture. F(7) The discussions in the cultural salon helped to improve cultural manners. T(8) The French Academy derives from a club of ten members discussing questions of common interest. F(9) Drama was a vigorous and popular cultural activity during the Renaissance in France. T(10) Drama in this period focused on moral irony, formal beauty as well as brevity and understatement. TShort answer questions1.Try to list the elements which contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance.Hints: the break-up of feudal structures; the strengthening of city-states in Italy; the emergence of national monarchies in Spain, France, and England; the thrive of many different kinds of social structures; the rise of folk culture and popular literature in most European countries; changes in secular education, particularly the founding of universities.2. What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.3. Please illustrate the features of social ideology during the Renaissance and its representative figures.The social ideology was based on individual interests and characteristics of individualism. The core of social ideology during the Renaissance was humanism, which reflected strongly the wishes and desires of the civilian class and essentially an expression of the bourgeois individualism and hedonism. Humanism contributed remarkably to the later social and intellectual advances in the Western world.Representative figures are Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio and Machiavelli.4. Please clarify the significance of the Religious Reformation in the Western world.The Reformation made great contribution to the social and intellectual development of Western civilization.a. With the far-reaching political, economic and social effects, the Reformation became a basis for the founding of Protestantism, which emerged as one of the three major branches of Christianity.b. The Reformation was the most effective and influential in terms of the results it achieved. It not only contributed to the ecclesiastical development of Christianity, but opened the way to much of the subsequent social and intellectual progress of the West.5. Please analyze the features of classicism.a. Drama and other forms of arts tended to imitate and reflect those of the Graeco-Roman civilization.b. Literature of this period is termed neoclassical, because it sought beauty of form rather than the content.c. Culture in this period not only exhibited the productions of artistic works, but promoted the development of life styles, such as dress and speech.d. As commonly opposed to Romanticism, the 17th-century classicism in France implies a social ideal.e. Classicism tends naturally to be expressed by the adoption of certain classical forms.。
英美文化复习题及答案
英美文化复习题及答案一、单选题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 纽约C. 巴黎D. 柏林答案：A2. 美国的国庆日是什么时候？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 1月1日D. 4月23日答案：A3. 莎士比亚是哪国的著名剧作家？A. 英国B. 法国C. 美国D. 德国答案：A4. 美国的总统任期是几年？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 7年答案：A5. 英联邦是由哪些国家组成的？A. 英国及其前殖民地B. 美国及其前殖民地C. 法国及其前殖民地D. 德国及其前殖民地答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的官方语言是________。
答案：英语2. 美国的货币单位是________。
答案：美元3. 英国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰4. 美国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰5. 英国的国歌是________。
答案：《天佑女王》三、判断题1. 英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部。
（对/错）答案：错2. 美国的首都是华盛顿特区。
（对/错）答案：对3. 英国的国旗被称为“星条旗”。
（对/错）答案：错4. 美国的国旗被称为“星条旗”。
（对/错）答案：对5. 英国和美国都是君主立宪制国家。
（对/错）答案：错四、简答题1. 简述英国和美国的文化差异。
答案：英国和美国虽然在语言上有很多共同点，但在文化上存在显著差异。
英国文化更加保守和传统，重视礼仪和等级制度，而美国文化则更加开放和多元，强调个人主义和自由。
此外，两国在饮食习惯、教育体系、社会价值观等方面也有所不同。
2. 描述英国和美国的主要节日。
答案：英国的主要节日包括圣诞节、复活节、圣乔治节等，而美国的主要节日有独立日、感恩节、圣诞节等。
这些节日不仅反映了两国的历史和文化，也是家庭团聚和社会庆祝的重要时刻。
西方文化入门复习题
西方文化入门复习题填空题1. The earliest civilization in Greece was the Cretan Civilization, also known as the Minoan Civilization.2. At the end of Mycenaean civilization, the Trojan War broke out.3. In the 6th Century B.C. the city of Sparta gained greater control of Peloponnesus by organizing an alliance of almost all the Peloponnesian states.4. The Persian wars, which were between Greek states and Persia, ended with The Battle of Marathon.5. In Greek mythology, the Olympian gods include Zeus, Hestia, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hera, and other six gods.6. One of the features of Greek mythology is that gods resembled humans.7. Plato was Socrates’ student and the author of The Republic.8. The Senate was a political institution started from ancient Rome and still part of the parliaments in some western countries.9. The first Triumvirate of Rome included Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.10. The capital city of Byzantine Empire was Constantinople.11. The exiled Jews systematically recomposed their legends and manuscripts into the book Talmud.12. The Bible of Judaism is the same as the New Testament of Christianity.13. Christianity became the sole official religion of the Roman Empire in 392 AD under the emperor Theodosius.14. Christianity has broken up into several factions, principally the Roman Catholicism, the Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Protestantism.15. After the destruction of Roman Empire in 476, Europe entered the Middle Ages, which lasted about a thousand years or so and was dominated by Germanic people whom the Romans had called savage.16. In the 7th Century, Muhammad, an Arabian merchant, founded the religion of Islam.17. The most striking feature of Renaissance was doubtless the flourishing of humanism, which was exemplified by the developments in science, religion,philosophy, literature, art, and education.18. The two leaders of religious reformation in 16th century were Martin Luther in Germany and John Calvin in France.19. Renaissance art was represented by three towering figures: da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.20. The Enlightenment, which is generally agreed to have originated in France, marked the beginning of the modern era and laid a solid foundation for the later process of the Western modernization.21. The most important book of the French philosopher Rousseau was The Social Contract which argued against the idea that monarchs were divinely empowered to legislate and theorized about the best way to establish a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society.简答题1. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture?2. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification?3. What are the main components of Christianity?4. Why the Byzantine Empire could stay much longer than the Western Roman Empire?5. What are the major achievements of the Renaissance?6. Briefly introduce two representative figures of the Enlightenment and their central ideas.。
西方文化试题及答案
西方文化试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪部作品不是莎士比亚的悲剧？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》C. 《威尼斯商人》D. 《奥赛罗》答案：C2. 被称为“现代艺术之父”的艺术家是：A. 达芬奇B. 米开朗基罗C. 梵高D. 塞尚答案：D3. 以下哪个节日起源于古罗马？A. 圣诞节B. 感恩节C. 万圣节D. 复活节答案：C4. 以下哪个国家不是欧洲国家？A. 法国B. 德国C. 澳大利亚D. 意大利答案：C5. 以下哪个不是西方文化中的四大发明？A. 造纸术B. 印刷术C. 指南针D. 火药答案：A（注：西方文化中的四大发明通常指的是：蒸汽机、电力、内燃机和计算机）二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. 被誉为西方哲学之父的是________。
答案：苏格拉底2. 《神曲》是意大利诗人________的代表作。
答案：但丁3. 欧洲文艺复兴运动起源于________世纪的意大利。
答案：144. 现代奥运会的发源地是________。
答案：希腊5. 法国大革命发生在________年。
答案：1789三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述文艺复兴时期的主要特点。
答案：文艺复兴时期是欧洲历史上的一个重要时期，主要特点包括对古典文化的复兴，人文主义思想的兴起，科学和艺术的繁荣，以及对个人价值和理性的重视。
2. 描述一下启蒙运动对西方社会的影响。
答案：启蒙运动是18世纪欧洲的一场思想运动，它强调理性、批判传统权威，推动了科学、哲学和政治的发展。
启蒙运动对西方社会产生了深远的影响，包括促进了民主和法治的发展，为现代国家的形成奠定了思想基础。
3. 阐述一下工业革命对西方社会经济和文化的影响。
答案：工业革命是18世纪末到19世纪初的一场技术和社会变革，它极大地提高了生产效率，促进了城市化和资本主义经济的发展。
同时，工业革命也带来了社会结构的变化，促进了教育和文化的普及，对西方社会的经济和文化产生了深远的影响。
西方文化试题及答案
西方文化试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪位哲学家不是法国启蒙运动的代表人物？A. 伏尔泰B. 卢梭C. 康德D. 狄德罗答案：C2. 莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》中，主人公哈姆雷特的叔叔叫什么名字？A. 克劳狄斯B. 麦克白C. 李尔王D. 奥赛罗答案：A3. 美国的独立宣言是在哪一年份签署的？A. 1775B. 1776C. 1789D. 1783答案：B4. 以下哪部作品不是简·奥斯汀的代表作？A. 《傲慢与偏见》B. 《理智与情感》C. 《简·爱》D. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》答案：C5. 以下哪位艺术家不是印象派画家？A. 莫奈B. 梵高C. 高更D. 毕加索答案：D6. 古希腊神话中，宙斯是哪位神的儿子？A. 波塞冬B. 哈迪斯C. 克罗诺斯D. 阿波罗答案：C7. 以下哪部作品是弗洛伊德的代表作？A. 《梦的解析》B. 《人性的弱点》C. 《乌合之众》D. 《存在与时间》答案：A8. 英国的工业革命开始于哪个世纪？A. 16世纪B. 17世纪C. 18世纪D. 19世纪答案：C9. 以下哪部作品不是威廉·福克纳的代表作？A. 《喧哗与骚动》B. 《老人与海》C. 《我弥留之际》D. 《去吧，摩西》答案：B10. 以下哪位作曲家不是浪漫主义时期的代表人物？A. 贝多芬B. 肖邦C. 巴赫D. 李斯特答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰2. 欧洲文艺复兴运动开始于________世纪。
答案：143. 被誉为“现代经济学之父”的是________。
答案：亚当·斯密4. 法国大革命爆发于________年。
答案：17895. 被誉为“现代戏剧之父”的是________。
答案：易卜生6. 英国的首都伦敦位于________河沿岸。
答案：泰晤士7. 被誉为“现代心理学之父”的是________。
西方文化入门试卷(A, B) 2007年
西方文化入门试卷ADecember, 2007Part I Read the following statements, then decide whether they are TRUE or FALSE. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)1.The state of Athens was a democratic society; the state of Sparta was not.2.Alexandria is a city of learning in Ancient Greek world, it is situated at the mouth of the Nile.3.The Areopagus could not exert its power in Athens after the reforms of Solon.4.Peloponnesian Wars are carried out between Athens and Sparta.5．The earliest Aegean civilization originated from the Crete, an island in the Mediterranean Sea. 6．Achilles and Odyssey are Greek commanders during the Trojan War happening around 700 BC.7．Ancient Greek drama has everlasting value because they asked questions about man‟s existence.8．The expulsion of king Tarquinus Superbus was the beginning of Roman republic.9．L. Sulla Felix was the first military commander who established a dictatorship in Roman history.10．Julius Caesar Octavinus, Mark Antonius and Lepidus formed the second Triumvirate. 11．In ancient Rome “tribute” was such a post whose duty was to act on the interest of common people against the Senate.12．Julius Caesar was not only a brilliant military leader but also a good writer.13．The Roman army was a fearful military force because Romans were naturally born soldiers who used their swords, shields and lances with skills.14．The Aeneid is a great epic in the history of literature because it tells the beginning history of Roman people.15．Israelite people organized themselves into a kingdom about 1000 BC.16．The Old Testament was written in Hebrew and the New Testament was written in Latin. 17．John Locke in his second Treatise of Civil Government proposed idea of separation of legislative, executive and juridical power in a government.18．The motto “I think therefore I am.” is from the French philosopher V oltaire.19．Tartuffe is memorable character in literature history which stands for hypocrisy.20．Van Rijn Rembrandt was a principal Dutch Baroque painter of Renaissance.Part II Read the following statements, choose one from the three choices that fits the sentence in meaning. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)1.It was in the book of _____ that tells the story of Moses leading the Israelites out of theslavery in Egypt.A. NumbersB. ExodusC. Leviticus2．Among the obligations of a vassal to his lord are those except _____ .A. help administer justiceB. to fight for the lordC. provide food3．A man of noble birth did not become a knight naturally. He began his education at the age of seven as a page, learning to say his prayers and good manners. At _____ , the page became a squire or an assistant to a knight who became his master.A. 12B. 13.C. 144．St. Thomas Aquinas wrote the following books except _____ .A. Summa Contra GentilesB. Opus maiusC. Summa Theologiae 5．Gothic architecture had _____ as its distinctive characteristics.A. archesB. flying buttressC. vault6．In Dante‟s Divine Comedy, it was _____ who guided the poet to tour the Hell and Purgatory.A. An angelB. BeatriceC. Virgil7．The book Decameron was written by _____ .A. Francesco PetrarchB. Giovanni BoccaccioC. François Rabelais8．It was the navigator _____ who discovered the route to India through the Cape of Hope.A. Christopher ColumbusB. Vasco da GamaC. Barthoomeu Dias9．It was _____ who found that in the solar system each planet moves in an ellipse, not a perfect circle, at the sun with one focus.A. Johannes KeplerB. Nicolaus CopernicusC. Galileo Galilei10．The book Essay Concerning Human Understanding was written by _____ .A. Thomas HobbesB. Réne DescartesC. John Locke11. _____ as the editor made greatest contribution to the completion of Encyclopedie.A. V oltaireB. RousseauC. Diderot12. David is a sculpture done by _____ .A. RaphaelB. Da VinciC. Michelangelo13. The Book The Origin of Human Inequality was written by ______ .A. RousseauB. John LockeC. Montesquieu14. The Sorrows of Young Werther was written by German Romantic poet _____.A. Johann Wolfgang von GoetheB. JohannC. F. von Schiller C. Heinrich Heine15. The Industrial Revolution started in 18th century and completed in _____ 19th century.A. earlyB. middleC. late16. The great geographical discoveries in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were stimulatedmainly for _____.A. gold in AfricaB. spices in the EastC. silver in Americas17. The long narrative poem “The Rime of Ancient Mariner” was written by _____ .A. William WordsworthB. Robert SoutheyC. Samuel Taylor Coleridge18. Industrial Revolution occurred first in Britain mainly due to the following reasons except for____.A. unified and peaceful societyB. abundant natural resourcesC. inventive spirit19. In Britain, the pass of the Reform Act of 1932 and the First Reformed Parliament in 1843marked the victory of _____ .A. the working class peopleB. the industrial capitalistsC. the landlords20. Before James Watt invented his steam engines, most machines were run by _____ .A. water millsB. horses and mulesC. human handsPart III. Below are three groups of excerpt from works of Western writers; choose one topic from each group and write a comment of about 150 words, in English. The comment should focus on the excerpt itself. (30 points)Write your answers on ANSWER SHEETGroup I1.Excerpt from Homer‟s Odysseus (see textbook p.p.4-13)2.Excerpt from Aeschylus‟ play Agamemnon(see textbook p.p. 15-17)3.Excerpt from Virgil‟s Aenei d (see Handout 4 p.p. 2-3; )Group 21.The Fall of Man, an excerpt from the Old Testament (see textbook p.p.53-55)2.The Birth of Jesus, an excerpt from the New Testament (see textbook p.78)3.Psalm 137, an excerpt from the Old Testament (see textbook P.65)Group 31.“The Eyes That Drew from Me”, a poem by Petrarch (see textbook p.p.134-135)2. A story from Demcameron by Giovanni Boccaccio (see Handout 9 p.p.6-11)3. A Letter from Persian Letters by Montesquieu (see textbook p.p. 236-239)Part IV. Below are two groups of questions, choose ONE question from EACH group and answer it briefly in about 200 words, in English. (30 points)Write your answers on ANSWER SHEETGroup 11.What were the main features of ancient Greek state society? You may take the state of Athensand the state of Sparta as an example.2.How did Christianity rise and become a religion for European peoples?3.What are the main elements of humanism in Renaissance? Give examples of writers, artists,or scientists of the period to support your points.Group 21.How do you like the ideas expressed in the essay Of Civil Government by John Locke? (seeHandout 10)2.How much do you know about the Industrial Revolution in Britain? What are thesignificances of the Revolution?Examination Paper for the Course An Introduction to Western Culture (B)December, 2007 Part I Read the following statements, then decide whether they are TRUE or FALSE. Write your answers T or F on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)1. After the Romans conquered in 146 BC, the Greek culture soon declined.2.One act of the reforms of Solon was that one should not be enslaved because of debt.3.The state of Athens was the greatest power in the Greek world in 5th century BC.4.The earliest Aegean civilization originated from Peloponnesian peninsula.5.Drama started in ancient Athens as religious festivals celebrating Dionysus, the god ofvegetation and the vine.6.The columns of Parthenon are in what we call the Ionian style.7.The sea battle at Salamis was won by the Greek states because Persians fleet wasoutnumbered by the Greek fleet.8.The Punic Wars were wars between Romans and Greeks.9.Brutus and Cassius were the leaders of the plot of the assassination of Julius Caesar.10.The title …Augustus‟ means “emperor”.11.In ancient Rome, there was freedom of speech, and any political leader could deliver a speechat the Forum.12.The Aeneid was written in order to glorify Rome and Roman people.13.Abraham, Isaac and Jacob are the early kings of the Israelites.14.Both John Wycliffe and William Tyndale were great translators of the Bible.15.John Locke believes human knowledge comes only from experience.16.Montesquieu proposed in his book The Spirit of the Laws the idea of the separation oflegislative, executive and juridical power in a government17.Like Plato, Descartes believes that some ideas are innate.18.Michelangelo was a painter of Baroque style.19.Emile or On Education is a book written by Jean Jacque Rousseau.20.V oltaire was an important thinker in the Age of Enlightenment, but he initially wanted to be awriter; however, he did not make achievements in literature.Part II Read the following statements, choose one from the three choices that fits the sentence in meaning. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)1．Feudalism was built upon a relationship of obligation and mutual service between lords and vassals. The lord should give his vassal _____ .A. fiefB. money to support his familyC. serfs2. In medieval age, _____ was used for making food sweet.A. sugar,B. honeyC. brown sugar3．In a diocese the religious leader was called a (n) _____ .A. archbishopB. cardinalC. bishop4. The Romanesque architecture had the following characteristics except _____ .A. heavy stone wallsB. big sizeC. stained glasses5. Gothic architecture first flourished in _____ .A. FranceB. ItalyC. Germany6. In Dante‟s Divine Comedy, it was _____ who guided the poet to tour Heaven.A. An angelB. BeatriceC. Virgil7. The book Cargantue and Pantagruel was written by _____ .A. Francesco PetrarchB. Giovanni BoccaccioC. François Rabelais8. Christopher Columbus sailed to the coast of South America in his _____ voyage to the NewWorld.A. firstB. secondC. third9. It was _____ who found that every body, if left alone, will continue to move in a straight linewith uniform velocity; any change, either in the rapidity or the direction of motion requires to be explained as due to the action of some …force‟.A. Johannes KeplerB. Nicolaus CopernicusC. Galileo Galilei10. The book Discourse on Method was written by _____ .A. Thomas HobbesB. Réne DescartesC. John Locke11. Last Supper is a painting done by _____ .A. RaphaelB. Da VinciC. Michelangelo12. The play The Robber was written by _____ .A. GoetheB. JohannC. F. von Schiller C. Heinrich Heine13. Eugene Onegin was written by _____ .A. Alesander PushkinB. Vito HugoC. Robert Southey14. Don Juan was an important work of Romanticism by _____ .A. ShelleyB. ByronC. Goethe15. The book Essay Concerning Human Understanding was written by _____ .A. Thomas HobbesB. Réne DescartesC. John Locke16. _____ as the editor made greatest contribution to the completion of Encyclopedia.A. V oltaireB. RousseauC. Diderot17. The long narrative poem “The Rime of Ancient Mariner” was written by _____ .A. William WordsworthB. Robert SoutheyC. Samuel Taylor Coleridge18. Industrial Revolution occurred first in Britain mainly due to the following reasons except for____.A. unified and peaceful societyB. abundant natural resourcesC. inventive spirit19. In Britain, the pass of the Reform Act of 1932 and the First Reformed Parliament in 1843marked the victory of _____ .A. the working class peopleB. the industrial capitalistsC. the landlords20. Before James Watt invented his steam engines, most machines were run by _____ .A. water millsB. horses and mulesC. human handsPart III. Below are three groups of excerpt from works of Western writers; choose one topic from each group and write a comment of about 150 words, in English. The comment should focus on the excerpt itself. (30 points)Write your answers on ANSWER SHEETGroup I1. Excerpt from Aeschylus‟ play Agamemnon (see textbook p.p. 15-17)2. Excerpt from Virgil‟s Aeneid (see textbook p.p.44-47)5. A poem from The Odes by Horace (see Handout 4 p.p.4-5)Group 21.Noah‟s Ark, an excerpt from the Old Testament (see textbook p.p.56-59)2.Jesus is tempted by the Devil, an excerpt from the New Testament (see textbook p.79)3.Song of Solomon, an excerpt from the Old Testament (see textbook p.p. 68-70)Group 31.“It was the Morning”, a poem by Petrarch (see textbook p.134)2.An excerpt from Faust by Wolfgang von Goethe (see textbook p.p.258-264)3.An except from Don Quixote by Miguel Cervantes (see textbookp.p.163-165)Part IV. Below are two groups of questions, choose ONE question from EACH group and answer it briefly in about 200 words, in English. (30 points)Write your answers on ANSWER SHEETGroup 11.What were the main features of ancient Greek state society? You may take the state of Athensand the state of Sparta as an example.2.What are the main elements of humanism in Renaissance? Give examples of writers, artists,or scientists of the period to support your points.Group 21. How do you like the ideas expressed in the essay Of Civil Government by John Locke? (see Handout 10)2. How much do you know about the Industrial Revolution in Britain? What are the significances of the Revolution?。
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西方文化入门复习题
填空题
1. The earliest civilization in Greece was the Cretan Civilization, also known as the Minoan Civilization.
2. At the end of Mycenaean civilization, the Trojan War broke out.
3. In the 6th Century B.C. the city of Sparta gained greater control of Peloponnesus by organizing an alliance of almost all the Peloponnesian states.
4. The Persian wars, which were between Greek states and Persia, ended with The Battle of Marathon.
5. In Greek mythology, the Olympian gods include Zeus, Hestia, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hera, and other six gods.
6. One of the features of Greek mythology is that gods resembled humans.
7. Plato was Socrates’ student and the author of The Republic.
8. The Senate was a political institution started from ancient Rome and still part of the parliaments in some western countries.
9. The first Triumvirate of Rome included Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.
10. The capital city of Byzantine Empire was Constantinople.
11. The exiled Jews systematically recomposed their legends and manuscripts into the book Talmud.
12. The Bible of Judaism is the same as the New Testament of Christianity.
13. Christianity became the sole official religion of the Roman Empire in 392 AD under the emperor Theodosius.
14. Christianity has broken up into several factions, principally the Roman Catholicism, the Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Protestantism.
15. After the destruction of Roman Empire in 476, Europe entered the Middle Ages, which lasted about a thousand years or so and was dominated by Germanic people whom the Romans had called savage.
16. In the 7th Century, Muhammad, an Arabian merchant, founded the religion of Islam.
17. The most striking feature of Renaissance was doubtless the flourishing of humanism, which was exemplified by the developments in science, religion,
philosophy, literature, art, and education.
18. The two leaders of religious reformation in 16th century were Martin Luther in Germany and John Calvin in France.
19. Renaissance art was represented by three towering figures: da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.
20. The Enlightenment, which is generally agreed to have originated in France, marked the beginning of the modern era and laid a solid foundation for the later process of the Western modernization.
21. The most important book of the French philosopher Rousseau was The Social Contract which argued against the idea that monarchs were divinely empowered to legislate and theorized about the best way to establish a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society.
简答题
1. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture?
2. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification?
3. What are the main components of Christianity?
4. Why the Byzantine Empire could stay much longer than the Western Roman Empire?
5. What are the major achievements of the Renaissance?
6. Briefly introduce two representative figures of the Enlightenment and their central ideas.。