上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试D1
高级口译笔试电子试卷答案和听力文字原稿1998.3
高级口译笔试电子试卷答案和听力文字原稿1998.31998.3上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案:SECTION 1：LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. formal committee meetings2. several reasons3. feel more committed to4. imaginative and informed decisions5. have drawbacks6. more group pressure7. seem to be ideal sizes 8. from the floor9. the style of its leader 10. let everyone speak11. take a vote 12. seconded and discussed13. a consensus of members 14. circulated in advance15. a list of points 16. is to2speed up17. in logical order 18. the meeting’s function19. structured and planned 20. chance conversationsPart B: Listening comprehension1-5 B D C C B 6-10 C C C D B11-15 D B A C B 16-20 D A C B DSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 B C D A C 6-10 D B B D A11-15 C B A A D 16-20 D B A C CSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST“责任”、“荣誉”和“国家”这三个神圣的3词庄严地责成你们应成为怎样的人，能成为怎样的人，将成为怎样的人。
英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题（06.9）1:(30 )A:: , a . . . .. . a (1) , . I (2) .(3). , (4). , (5) . a (6) , a , , , (7) .(8).. (9) ? I (10). , , , (11). , 30 , (12) !(一三). , , . (14)., (一五) , (16) . (17) .(一八), , . a ‘’ ‘’ . a , (19) . , (20).B:: . , . , . .1 5 .1. (A) 85 .(B) , .(C) .(D) .2. (A) .(B) a “ ” .(C) .(D) 100.3. (A) , , , .(B) , , , .(C) , , , .(D) , , , .4. (A) a .(B) .(C) a , .(D) , , .5. (A) .(B) .(C) a .(D) .6 10 .6. (A) 3 20 .(B) a .(C) .(D) 2050.7. (A) .(B) a ’s .(C) .(D) .(B) .(C) .(D) a .9. (A) 6 7.(B) 8 10.(C) 11 16.(D) 17 25.10. (A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .11 一五 .11. (A) A . (B) A . (C) . (D) .12. (A) .(B) .(C) . (D) .一三. (A) .(B) (C) A .(D) .14. (A) ——. (B) ——.(C) ——. (D) ——.一五. (A) . (B) . (C) . (D) .16 20 .16. (A) . (B) ’ .(C) , . (D) , .17. (A) . (B) ’ .(C) . (D) ’ .一八. (A) . (B) . (C) a . (D) a .19. (A) . (B) .(C) . (D) .20. (A) ’s .(B) ’s .(C) ’s .(D) ’ ’s .2:(30 ): . . , (A), (B), (C) (D), . .1—5a a a a . , , . , , ,a . , ’s , a , . ’s , , .’s . “ a , ’t ,” , a , a , 25 . ,a ’t . , , , .. a ’t , ’t , a a ’t . “ , ,” , a . “.” , . , . “ ’ , ,” ,a , ’ . , , “ a , ‘’ . , a .”, , . “ ’t . ,” , a ,a ’s . ’s a , , , . “ ,” , a a ( ), . , . , .1. ?(A) a .(B) a .(C) .(D) .(A)(B)(C)(D)3. ?(A) A ’s .(B) .(C) .(D) .4. “” “ ,” (.3) .(A)(B)(C)(D)5. “ ” (.4) .(A)(B)(C)(D)6—10: , , . a , ’ . , ., ’s . 1998, (), . , . a — a — a . , , “ ” . a , . “ ,” ., . ( a a .) , a 2005; ’s .’s . , —’t . “ a ,” , ., ’s , , . ? ’s , “I’m , .” , . , . “ a ’s ,” , . “ .”6. , , ’ , .(A)(B)(C)(D)7. “ ”(.2) .(A)(B) ’(C)(D) ’s8. “ ” “ ’s ” (.3) .(A)(B)(C)(D)9. “ ’s .”(.4), “ ” .(A)(B)(C)10. “ .” (.5), “ ” .(A) a(B) a(C) a(D) a11—一五’s , 50,000 . . : 3.5 ,a , . , . , , — . , : .20 , . ’s .? , ’ . , , ., , , , . a ’ . , , $800 . , , ’10 . , .a ; ’s . , , . .1960s, . ’t . , . , . . : , ;’s . . ’s .. , . , ( a a ).a ., . . . , , : 2 2020, . ,a . a , . . , , . ’s .11. ?(A) ’s .(B) .(C) .(D) ’s .12. “” “ ’s .” (. l) .(A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .一三. ’s ?(A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .14. “ .” (.4), .(A)(B)(C)(D)一五. ’s .(A)(B)(C)(D)16—20. , : ’s . —’s — ., , . ’s 2007 a 50 . a ’s , ’s a .A 50 “ a ” a ’s , , ., ’s a . a “ ,” , . , “ ” “ ,” .. , , a . : , . ’s ., ——, ’t “,” , a . —, , . , , ’s “” . . , .. , , ’s .’s 10 . . , a , , a .“’s a a a . ’s a ,” . . “ .”16. , : .(A) , , ’s(B) , ,(C) , ,(D) ’s , ,17. “ , , .” (.3), .(A)(B) ’s(C)(D)一八. a 50 ’s 2007 “ a ” (.4), .(A)(B)(C) ,(D)19. , ’s 10 .(A)(B)(C)(D)20. ?(A) a(B) ’s(C) .(D) 2007: A3:(30 ): .A . , — .“ ”—’s 14 一八68. 1 , , : “ , , .”, , , . , a , .“ ’t , a . ,” . “ a ; ’ ’ , I ’t .”4:(30 )A:: a . . , ” a a . .(1) , (2). ? (3) , . , a (4). (5) .a (6). (7) . (8) . (9) , 10% (10) , 5%(11). , , a (12).(一三). (14), (一五) (16). ’t . ’s ’s (17) ., (一八) . , ? (19). ’t a (20), , ’t a !B:1.: , 5 . . , .(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2.: , 2 . . , . .(1)(2)5:(30 ): . .1—35,000 , a . a , a ., . , , a , a : “”. 60 一五 . A a ,, , a 8 , , 6. 一五 5. 6½, 8.. “ . ,” . “ . a . .a .”, , a . “ a a ,” . .’s , , a , , .. £24 a , 75 ., , ’s . “ ’t a . a , a . , ,” .’S A24 a75aa .7,000, ,6191. ?2. ’s ? a .3. ’s ’s ?4—6’d , . . “ a ,” . “ .”. ’s . ’s , a , , ’s . “ a , ,” ,a . “ a .”. , . “ ,” . ’s a , , a . “’ a a ,” ’s . “ a , ’t , ‘’ .’“’s a ’s , 1988, a . , , : A , ’s . “I ’t ,90 ,” . “ a , I ’t .”a . “ , a ,” . . “ ... .”, , , . , . “ ... ” , ’s . “[’s] a .” (512 )4. ’s ? “ a ”?5. ’s ? ’s ?6. :a) “ a .”(.2)b) “ a , I ’t .”(.4)7—10, 90 a . . . . . a ., a a , ’s . , , .’s 256 , 一三 . , — . , .a . a a , . “ 1 2001, ,” , 20, a . “ , ..” a a $195,000 26 . a , a a . “ ,” ., , . , a 一五% .. , , . “ I , ,” , a 1990s .“ , ,” . “ . ’t .” . , “ [ ] [] .”11% 1999. , a , 3.0 , . ’s .’s , ’s ’s . , ’s : . “ 21 ,” . “ .” (651 )8. 4 “ a .”9. “ ” (.6)?10. “ ” ? ?6:(30 ):中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。
2023年3月上海市高级口译资格第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案
2023年3月上海市高级口译资格第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案第一部分：听力理解题目一音频播放内容：请听第一段对话，回答第1至2小题。
W: Could you please tell me how to get to the nearest post office?M: Sure. Go straight along this street until you reach the traffic lights. Then turn left and you'll see the post office on your right.W: Thanks for your help.W: Excuse me, is the post office still open at this time?M: I'm not sure. You can call them to check.W: OK, thanks again.M: No problem.问题：1. Where is the nearest post office?2. How can the woman confirm if the post office is still open?答案：1. On the right, after turning left at the traffic lights.2. By calling the post office.题目二音频播放内容：请听第二段对话，回答第3至4小题。
W: Have you seen the weather forecast for tomorrow?M: No, I haven't. What did it say?W: It said it'll be sunny in the morning, but it might rain in the afternoon.M: I hope it stays sunny. I have plans for a picnic.W: Let's keep an eye on the weather. We can always reschedule if needed.M: That's true. Thanks for letting me know.M: Anyway, do you want to go get some ice cream later?W: Sure, that sounds great!问题：3. What does the weather forecast say about tomorrow?4. What are the speakers planning to do if the weather changes?答案：3. Sunny in the morning, but possibly rain in the afternoon.4. They will reschedule their picnic plans if needed.第二部分：阅读理解文章一The Benefits of Regular ExerciseRegular exercise is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health. Here are some of the key benefits:2. Disease Prevention: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes.3. Mental Well-being: Exercise releases endorphins, which are known as the "feel-good" hormones. It helps reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, promoting better mental health.4. Improved Sleep: People who exercise regularly tend to have better sleep quality, allowing them to feel more rested and energized during the day.5. Increased Energy Levels: Engaging in physical activity boosts energy levels and reduces fatigue. Regular exercise improves overall stamina and endurance.In conclusion, incorporating regular exercise into one's lifestyle brings numerous benefits to both physical and mental well-being. It is important to make time for exercise and prioritize it as a part of a healthy routine.问题：5. What is one of the benefits of regular exercise mentioned in the passage?6. What are endorphins known for?答案：5. Weight management and prevention of obesity.6. Endorphins are known as the "feel-good" hormones.文章二The Impact of Air Pollution on HealthAir pollution is a significant environmental issue that poses risks to human health. Here are some of the ways air pollution can affect our well-being:1. Respiratory Problems: Exposure to pollutants in the air can lead to respiratory issues, such as asthma and bronchitis. Long-term exposure can cause permanent lung damage.2. Cardiovascular Diseases: Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases. Fine particles in the air can enter the bloodstream and affect the heart and blood vessels.4. Premature Death: Studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollution can shorten life expectancy. The pollutants in the air contribute to various health conditions that can lead to premature death.In order to protect our health, it is crucial to take measures to reduce air pollution and improve air quality.问题：7. What are some health problems associated with air pollution according to the passage?8. What can be done to protect our health from air pollution?答案：7. Respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, allergies and irritations, and premature death.8. Measures should be taken to reduce air pollution and improve air quality.。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试D1参考答案
Part A Passage 1: 纽约因⼈⽽异可以是两类城市中的⼀种：对旅游观光客来说，那是⼀座⼈流拥挤、汽车喇叭声不停、交通堵塞、街道肮脏、地铁闷臭的城市—所有这⼀切同华尔街和联合国⼤厦等国际性标志性建筑形成了鲜明的对照。
// 然⽽，对⼤多数本地居民和上班族来说，纽约只不过是⼀个巨⼤繁忙的商业活动场所 —到晚上，就应该⽴即离开，前往环境更加宁静的地区。
当然，纽约仍然是西半球⼈⼝最多、最繁华的⼤都市。
Passage 2: 贵⽅产品改进后的式样给我留下了深刻的印象。
产品有新意，⽽⼯艺尚不尽如⼈意。
不过我还是打算询个价。
这是⼀份我所感兴趣的产品的购物单，请您给我⼀个有效期为30天、⽬的港为旧⾦⼭的到岸价。
您知道我是⼀个诚⼼诚意的⼤买主。
当然，我的采购量则完全取决于贵⽅的报盘。
得到您的底价后我想与您讨论⼀下付款⽅式问题。
Part B Passage 1: Welcome to the Shanghai Museum. Completed in the 90s, the Shanghai Museum is a large museum equipped with modern facilities. Its bronze ware collection is a fine treasure of the Chinese cultural heritage highly respected in the world. // The Shanghai museum also displays over 500 pieces of the finest ceramics as well as nearly 200 pieces of sculpture, with the Buddhist sculpture and figurine modeling art as the main subject. Each of these exhibits depicts the artistic styles of different historical periods. Passage 2: In the past, China was called “the sick man of East Asia”. Not a single Chinese name could be found among the top world-class athletes or world-record holders in competitive sports before 1949. // The founding of the People’s Republic of China brought fundamental changes to the field of sports, and the skills of Chinese athletes improved quickly. By 1996, Chinese athletes had won 2563 world championship titles. ⼝译题录⾳⽂字稿： Part A Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal… You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage. Passage 1: New York is, depending on one’s point of view, any one of the two cities: to the tourists, it is a city of hurrying crowds, horn-blowing traffic jams, dirty streets and smelly subways—all in sharp contrast to such international symbols as Wall Street and the United Nations Building, // but to most local inhabitants and commuters, it is simply an enormous and busy working field associated with business activities— a place to leave as soon as possible in the evening for the more peaceful atmosphere of the suburban areas. But of course, New York remains to be the most populous, flourishing and prosperous metropolitan city in the Western Hemisphere. Passage 2: I’m very impressed by the improved design of your products. They have a novel appeal, though the workmanship is not so desirable. Anyway, I’d like to make an inquiry. This is my list of interested items and I’d like to hear your quotations on a C. I. F. basis valid for 30 days to San Francisco.// You know I’m a serious and bulk buyer. But of course, my intended amount of purchase is definitely dependent on your offer. I’d also like to discuss the terms of payment with you as soon as I get your floor price. Part B Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each passage, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal… you may take notes while you’re listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let’s begin Part B with the first passage. Passage 1: 欢迎各位参观上海博物馆。
上海高级口译考试笔试阶段真题.pdf
2003.9上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 MINUTES)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Good morning, class! As you remember, last week we talked about the ________ (1). Today we're going to start talking about how radio advertisers ________ (2) to get us to buy the products they're selling. There are so many emotions that advertisements ________ (3). To affect a particular emotion, advertisers make what we call an emotional appeal. Today I'm going to ________ (4) that are often used to influence us to buy. I think you'll find it interesting because I've brought with me some ________ (5) to play for you as examples. OK, let's get started.One of the most popular emotional appeals that advertisers use is ________ (6). We all like to hear funny stories, so by ________ (7), the advertisers hope that that we'll remember it and will, therefore, remember the product. But ________ (8) is the importance of fitting the fight emotional appeal with ________ (9). In the case of humor, it wouldn't be appropriate to make a funny ad for a serious product. Like, say, a law firm that ________ (10). You wouldn't want to use humor to advertise that.Now let's talk about another appeal—the ________ (11). By thriftiness I'm talking about ________ (12). Most shoppers are more likely to buy something if it's on she than if ________ (13). Here is an advertisement for a furniture store that's ________ (14). Notice how the advertisement gets the listener to ________ (15). In fact the ad talks only about prices and not about ________ (16) or what the store specializes in.The last kind of ad is the advertisement that ________ (17). Our egos make us do things to look good in front of others. For example, we might ________ (18) to look rich, or we might join a health club ________ (19), all because we want to look good. This desire is so strong that advertisers often create ads that speak to our egos. They focus on this question: How does this product ________ (20)?Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write' the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) Because it carries only good news.(B) Because it is a mainstream newspaper.© Because it represents objective journalism.(D) Because it-tells both sides of a story.2. (A) He's writing for the Community News.(B) He's planning to publish a new newspaper.© He's bored with the bad news he reads all the time.(D) He's come up with an alternative to mainstream newspapers.3. (A) It doesn't report all facts.(B) It contains too much tabloid journalism.© It focuses on truly objective reporting.(D) It goes for the most sensational news.4. (A) Because there is the daily increase of crime incidence.(B) Because there is a tendency to go for sensational news.© Because there is the widespread tendency to favor objective reporting.(D) Because there is a superficial element in the positive stories.5. (A) By covering only certain types of event such as a fire.(B) By making good news out of scandals and murder.© By not telling the positive side of things.(D) By giving people only useful information.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) There will be seven nations added to the military alliance.(B) The expansion has failed to be approved by the US Senate.© The US House of Representatives will vote on the protocol soon.(D) Canada and Norway have already ratified the expansion.7. (A) Japan's staunch diplomatic support for the US in the war in Iraq.(B) A scheduled meeting between the top leaders of Japan and the US.© A proposed solution to the North Korea issue,(D) Japan's participation in the reconstruction of Iraq.8. (A) A Palestinian man was shot dead by Israeli soldiers.(B) A woman was killed when harvesting crops with her daughter.© A new security zone was set up to protect a Jewish Settlement.(D) A big fire broke out ahead of a US push for Mideast peace.9. (A) Inquiry into the landing of the Russian Soyuz craft was under way.(B) Russians were involved in investigating the causes of the Columbia shuttle crash. © There might be great difficulties in the inquiry work.(D) No US experts had been invited to take part in the inquiry.10. (A) 11. (B) 27.© 30. (D) 31.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) American. (B) British.© Russian. (D) German.12. (A) Engineering. (B) Astrology.© Chemistry. (D) Physics.13. (A) A technologist. (B) An engineer.© A university professor. (D) A laborotrary assistant.14. (A) Swimming. (B) Cycling.© Running. (D) Weight-lifting.15. (A) 30,000. (B) 13,000.© 3,000. (D) l,300.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) 1902. (B) 1938.© 1982. (D) 1985.17. (A) It is impolite for the host to offer food first.(B) The host does not offer again if the guest refuses food.© It is polite for guests to refuse even if they want more.(D) The host usually does not offer food to guests.18. (A)You don't pour your neighbor a glass if you are a woman.(B) You think twice about which hand to use if you pour the wine.© You should pour the wine with your fight hand.(D) You can fill everyone else's glasses, but not your own.19. (A) To keep one hand in your lap with the right hand holding the fork.(B) To put both elbows on the table, holding the knife and fork in hands..© To rest your wrists on the edge of the table.(D) It's not mentioned in the talk.20. (A) To position your knife and fork close together on the side of the plate or diagonally.(B) To cross your knife and fork on the plate with the fork facing UP underneath.© To cross your knife and fork on the plate with the fork facing down underneath.(D) To put your knife and fork down on opposite sides of the plate.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), © or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5Here's a tag you don't see much, but should: "Made in Outer Space." Thanks to the commercial minds inside NASA, many of Earth's consumer goods have distant origins in the U.S. space program. There's Zen perfume from Shiseido, derived from a 1998 shuttle experiment that found that a rose's scent changes outside' the atmosphere. There are shock-resistant shoes - made by Modellista—that use a special foam of NASA origin. And Berlei's Shock Absorber sports bra claimed (accurately) in an ad featuring tennis bombshell Anna Kournikova that it was made with NASA technology.All good fun. But in the aftermath of the Columbia disaster, the value of commercial research on missions has come into question. STS-107 - the final flight of the Columbia - had 80 experiments on board, including five that were conducted by the astronauts for private companies, funded almost entirely by NASA. One was for International Flavors & Fragrances (IFF), which extracted the smell of a rose in space and was back seeking new scents. The other commercial experiments involved studies of ways to fight fire using fine Water mist, grow proteins with greater resilience to disease, manufacture crystals for such uses as hydrogen fuel storage and advance cancer-cell research. Is all this worth pursuing in space? The Bush administration doesn't think so: even before the Columbia went down, it had announced unspecified cuts in NASA's product-development program, even as it raised the agency's overall budget to $15.5 billion. The 2004 proposal deemed the commercial programpurely "promotional."NASA cites the societal benefits of commercial spinoffs when justifying the cost of manned space flight, now about $550 million per shuttle mission. The idea of searching for profit in space originally came from Congress, which created a program to trarrsfer NASA technology to the private sector back in 1962. That evolved into NASA's Space Product Development Program, which now works with more than 160 companies, including the likes of Ford and Hewlett-Packard. Since 1976 NASA has heralded more than 1,300 examples of "successfully commercialized technology" in an' annual magazine called Spinoff. Space enthusiasts claim spinoffs earn a six fold return on the cost of shuttle flights, a claim even a NASA spokesperson says he could not confirm.The truth is that the economic boost from spinoffs is untraceable. The Berlei bra, for instance, uses a DuPont material called CoolMax, which was derived from a fabric developed to improve thermal clothing by Outlast Technologies in collaboration with NASA's Johnson Space Center. The proportion of Berlei bra sales accurately described as a NASA "spinoff" is anyone's guess, but critics say returns can't even come close to covering the cost of a shuttle flight.It is easy enough to spoof manned missions that explore space perfume or the insulation used in race cars on the NASCAR circuit. It's harder to dismiss space-based innovations like the MicroMed DeBakey VAD heart pump, or the Lifesaving Light, a novel treatment for brain tumors. Lance Bush, NASA's International Space Station commercial development manager, says this "isn't about NASA" or promoting its missions - the point is simply to make its resources "available to the broadest part of the public." Industry now pays $50 million of the $5 billion annual cost of the manned program. Let the private sector "worry about the profits," he says.The problem is that companies don't worry about profits either, if NASA foots nearly all the costs. IFF declines to discuss its costs for the space rose experiments. Micro-Cool general manager Mike Lemche says its share of the costs to study firefighting mist on the Columbia was "too little to count." And this is a $2 million company that isn't even in the firefighting business yet. Lemche admits the lure of entering the billion-dollar fire-prevention industry through NASA-funded research was too good to pass up. Who wouldn't take a free ride in space? The question for NASA is whether these space ventures make sense if they don't make money. The answer is probably not, when there are lives at risk.1. The author invented the tag "Made in Outer Space" ironically so as ________.(A) to introduce the theme of the article(B) to explain the value of commercial research in NASA's practice© to criticize NASA's product development program(D) to display the achievements of NASA's commercial development2. According to the passage, after the Columbia disaster, NASA's product-development program ________.(A) has been given new momentum(B) has been under heavy fire© has been producing more societal benefits(D) has been put aside3. When the author mentions 80 experiments on board the final flight of the Columbia, he implies that ________.(A) commercial experiments are most successful on space missions(B) the resources of space missions should be made available to the public© these experiments are of great significance to technological progress(D) the value of such experiments can not be compared with that of the astronauts' lives4. It can be concluded that the tone of the passage is ________.(A) complimentary (B) encouraging© critical (D) pessimistic5. Which of the following can NOT be true according to the passage?(A) Opinions differ over the returns on the cost of shuttle flights.(B) Economic promotion from space-based innovations is not confirmed.© Neither NASA nor companies worry about profits from shuttle experiments.(D) The experiments on space missions were largely funded by companies.Questions 6-10David Blunkett, the Home Secretary,, has been accused of confusing the public over crime by scrapping police league tables in favour of a series of complicated "spidergrams" measuring performance. The indicators are intended to provide a clearer picture of the achievements of chief constables by grouping and comparing police forces of similar size and population. But the new approach was immediately denounced for being selective in its use of performance indicators and for further clouding the debate on crime. Simon Hughes, the Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesman, said the system had been "built by bureaucrats, for bureaucrats". He said: "They don't do much for the public's understanding of policing." Oliver Letwin, the shadow Home Secretary, described the approach as confusing. He said: "This will not aid the fight against crime, it will merely multiply bureaucracy." The Police Federation said the five key policing areas in the spidergrams gave an incomplete picture. Jan Berry, who chairs the federation, said: "There is a whole range of activity that has not been measured but which will impact on operational policing."Other than the Home Office, the only group of people that appeared happy with the new arrangements were the 43 chief constables of England and Wales, who had previously been concerned at the proposals to analyse their performance. Mr. Blunkett created anxiety among senior officers when, shortly after he became Home Secretary, he announced at a police summit in July 2001 that he was setting up a standards unit to identify failing forces and sweep away arcane practices.But the Association of Chief Police Officers (Acpo) appeared relaxed yesterday when John Denham, the minister responsible for crime reduction, unveiled the new Policing Performance Assessment Framework, as drawn up by the Home Office's policing standards unit. Backing the performance monitors, Denis O'Connor, Acpo's vice-president, said they were "yet another method of keeping the public more informed on matters of local force performance." The crystal-shaped spider grams are designed to give citizens a visible indicator of how well the police force in their area is performing. In almost all cases, they showed that forces in "similar" areas did have similar records.Chief constables had disapproved of the use of league tables. They complained that they provoked unfair criticism because they did not compare like with like. Mr. Denham said the graphs were easier to comprehend than tables. "As people get familiar "with this type of graphical presentation they will realise it contains a lot of data that can be understood afteran initial glance." The spidergrams are based on five indicators: reducing crime, investigating crime, public safety, deployment of resources and the view of a focus group of local citizens. West Yorkshire had the highest rate of burglaries with 39 per 1,000 households and the Metropolitan Police had the worst clear-up rate at 12 per cent of offences. The Met and the City of London Police both had low levels of public safety with 32 per cent of residents concerned over disorder and Gwent police had the poorest use of resources - 15.6 days lost per officer each year. Cleveland had the worst public rating. Only 39 per cent of the region's citizens thought their force was doing a good job.The Welsh forces in Dyfed-Powys and Gwent both had impressively shaped spidergrams thanks to comparatively good records on reducing and investigating crime. The force with the most damning graph was Avon and Somerset, which was once regarded as a metropolitan force but had been grouped under the new scheme with areas including Northampton shire and West Mercia which have much lower crime levels. Avon and Somerset, which includes Bristol, pointed out that the graph reflected the fact that the force had suffered from a wave of street crime that had subsequently been greatly reduced.6. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?(A) Home Secretary defends his "standard" police spidergrams(B) Blunkett's police spidergrams leave web of confusion© The five key policing areas compose the spidergrams(D) The policing standards unit proposes spidergrams for measuring performances7. Which of the following in NOT true about the police spidergrams according to the passage?(A) It is a graphical presentation of police performance.(B) It is to replace the original police league tables.© It is to display performance of different police forces in the UK.(D) It is based on the five areas of policing performance.8. All of the following are against the proposal of police spidergrams EXCEPT ________.(A) the Liberal Democrat Party(B) the Home Secretary of the shadow cabinet© the Police Federation(D) the Association of Chief Police Officers9. The author introduces the performance of some local police forces at the end of the passage ________.(A) to demonstrate the differences in performance which can be shown with the spidergrams(B) to show why the five performance indicators have been chosen© to reveal differences in function between league tables and spidergrams(D) to illustrate the wider differences between local forces and their possible causes10. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?(A) topic introduction—listing of opposing views—illustration(B) narration—background introduction—illustration© introduction—definition—conclusion(D) description—exemplification—conclusionQuestions 11-15Who is Daredevil? As a kid he was blinded by biomedical waste. He later discovered that his other senses were heightened and began developing them into superhuman abilities. He's。
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟高级阅读(一)
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟高级阅读(一)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、SECTION 1 READING TEST(总题数：4，分数：50.00)"They treat us like mules," the guy installing my washer tells me, his eyes narrowing as he wipes his hands, I had just complimented him and his partner on the speed and assurance of their work. He explains that it"s rare that customers speak to him this way. I know what he"s talking about. My mother was a waitress all her life, in coffee shops and fast-paced chain restaurants. It was hard work, but she liked it, liked "being among the public", as she would say. But that work had its sting, too—the customer who would treat her like a servant or, her biggest complaint, like she was not that bright.There"s a lesson here for this political season: the subtle and not-so-subtle insults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their working lives. And those insults often have to do with intelligence.We like to think of the United States as a classless society. The belief in economic mobility is central to the American Dream, and we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism. But we also have a troubling streak of aristocratic bias in our national temperament, and one way it manifests itself is in the assumptions we make about people who work with their hands. Working people sense this bias and react to it when they vote. The common political wisdom is that hot-button social issues have driven blue-collar voters rightward. But there are other cultural dynamics at play as well. And Democrats can be as oblivious to these dynamics as Republicans—though the Grand Old Party did appeal to them in St. Paul.Let"s go back to those two men installing my washer and dryer. They do a lot of heavy lifting quickly—mine was the first of 15 deliveries—and efficiently, to avoid injury. Between them there is ongoing communication, verbal and nonverbal, to coordinate the lift, negotiate the tight fit, move in rhythm with each other. And all the while, they are weighing options, making decisions and solving problems—as when my new dryer didn"t match up with the gas outlet.Think about what a good waitress has to do in the busy restaurant: remember orders and monitor them, attend to a dynamic, quickly changing environment, prioritize tasks and manage the flow of work, make decisions on the fly. There"s the carpenter using a number of mathematical concepts—symmetry, proportion, congruence, the properties of angles—and visualizing these concepts while building a cabinet, a flight of stairs, or a pitched roof.The hairstylist"s practice is a mix of technique, knowledge about the biology of hair, aesthetic judgment, and communication skill. The mechanic, electrician, and plumber are troubleshooters and problem solvers. Even the routinized factory floor calls for working smarts. When has any of this made its way into our political speeches? From either party. Even on Labor Day. Last week, the GOP masterfully invoked some old cultural suspicions: country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education. But these are symbolic populist gestures, not the stuff of true engagement. Judgments about intelligence carry great weight in our society, and we have a tendency to make sweeping assessments of people"s intelligence based on the kind of work they do.Political tributes to labor over the next two months will render the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps. But few will also celebrate the thought bright behind the eye, or offer an image that links hand and brain. It would be fitting in a country with an egalitarian vision of itself to have a truer, richer sense of all that is involved in the wide range of work that surrounds and sustains us.Those politicians who can communicate that sense will tap a deep reserve of neglected feeling.And those who can honor and use work in explaining and personalizing their policies will finda welcome reception.（分数：12.50）(1).To illustrate the intelligence of the working class, the author cites the examples of all of the following EXCEPT ______.（分数：2.50）A.hairstylist and waitressB.carpenter and mechanicC.electrician and plumberD.street cleaner and shop assistant √解析：[解析] 对文章基本内容的理解，具体内容见第四至六段。
(岗位职责)英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题（06.9）SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONL Y ONCE.Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here.Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8).Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________ (10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise!Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14).With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living.Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’ and ‘minds-on’ learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONL Y ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the “oldest old” people.(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A) Work hard.(B) Stay busy.(C) Stick to a balanced diet.(D) Always find something to laugh about.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A) Taking bribes.(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D) Offering cash for political favors.8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A) 6 to 7.(B) 8 to 10.(C) 11 to 16.(D) 17 to 25.10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.(B) Fighting organized crime.(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.(D) Surveying the threats to national security.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) A wine taster. (B) A master water taster. (C) The host of the show. (D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A) Berkeley Springs.(B) Santa Barbara.(C) Atlantic City. (D) Sacramento.13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.(B) Tasting sweet (C) A certain amount of minerals.(D) An absence of taste.14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting. (B) Tasting—smelling—looking.(C) Smelling—looking—tasting. (D) Tasting—looking—smelling.15. (A) Bathing. (B) Boiling pasta in. (C) Swimming. (D) Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills. (B) Increase the students’ appreciation of nature.(C) Improve math, but not reading skills. (D) Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts. (B) To make the students’ education more well-rounded.(C) To investig ate the impact of arts training. (D) To enhance the students’ math skills.18. (A) Once weekly. (B) Twice weekly. (C) Once a month. (D) Twice a month.19. (A) Six months. (B) Seven months.(C) Eight months. (D) Nine months.20. (A) The children’s attitude.(B) The children’s test scores.(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D) Both the teachers’ and the children’s attitude.SECTION 2: READING TEST(30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in yourANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1—5Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.It’s not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from an emotional or learning disabi lity, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at ho me, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. “Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, a nd it blocks them from thinking about the long term,” says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. “You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.” Ove r the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. “The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is malleable,” says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’ interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, “parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to the ir children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’ or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different lev els of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. “These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist a nd president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’s academic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world b eyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,” says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D) making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word “malleable” in the clause “that their intelligence is malleable,” (para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.(A) altered and developed(B) blocked and impaired(C) sharpened and advanced(D) replaced and transplanted5. The expression “to disabuse them of the notion” (para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to free them of the idea(B) to help them understand the idea(C) to imbue them with the notion(D) to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6—10Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’ search behav ior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the gover nment has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology doe s a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,” says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attor ney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ searchbehavior, the major intention is _________.(A) to protect national security(B) to help protect personal freedom(C) to monitor Internet pornography(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A) it is not involved in the court case(B) users’ privacy is most important(C) the government has violated the First Amendment(D) search terms is the company’s business secret8. The phrase “scaled back to” in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries” (para.3) can be replaced by _________.(A) maximized to(B) minimized to(C) returned to(D) reduced to9. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression “sink its own case” most probably means that _________.(A) counterattack the opposition(B) lead to blocking of porn sites(C) provide evidence to disprove the case(D) give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.” (para.5), the expression “Big Brother” is used to refer to _________.(A) a friend or relative showing much concern(B) a colleague who is much more experienced(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D) a benevolent and democratic organizationQuestions 11—15On New Year’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenya n jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’ tradit ional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American a nd other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’ national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’ herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s intere sts to help out.11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12. The word “encapsulates” in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.” (para. l) can be replaced by ________.(A) concludes.(B) involves.(C) represents.(D) aggravates.13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A) Neutral and indifferent.(B) Sympathetic and understanding.(C) Critical and vehement.(D) Subjective and fatalistic.14. When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.” (para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C) feel themselves superior in decision making(D) care about the development of the local people15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B) to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesQuestions 16—20The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have found evidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth—that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold.The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’s proposed budget for fiscal 2007 calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.A 50-percent cut “is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut” in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary sci entist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its re port about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a “radical conclusion,” acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, “we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments” that might have rolled out the welcome mat “for living organisms,” she concludes.Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near its unexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed several explanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vapor billowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood.Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be “luxuriant,” notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive it. Still, he adds, it’s prematu re to cross the moon off the list of possible “outposts” for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be dimmer with the threat of budget cut s. The proposed reductions post several challenges, researchers say.One is the loss of important financial leverage. While money for experiments and other research related to astrobiology can come from other funding agencies, such as the National Science Foundation or even the National Institutes of Health, NASA’s program often provides the crucial missing piece that turns demanding and sometimes dangerous fieldwork into exciting results.One of the biggest successes over the program’s 10-year history has been to help revolutionize the way science is done. Answering questions about the origins of life on Earth and the prospects for life elsewhere require strong collaborations. From radio astronomers to biologists and geologists studying the evolution of Earth, groups are working together in ways they never thought of a decade ago, adds Edward Young, a geochemist at the University of California at Los Angeles.“NASA’s made a lot of progress by making a relatively small investment in a way that has brought disparate experts together from the whole spectrum of physical and biological sciences. It’s a wonderful lesson on how to make progress by crossing these boundaries,” Dr. Solomon says. “It would be regrettable to stop that experiment.”16. According to the passage, simple forms of life might be found on the following heavenly bodies in the solar system: ________.(A) Europa, Titan, Earth’s moon and Mars(B) Europa, Mars, Titan and Enceladus(C) Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Enceladus(D) Earth’s moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn17. When the author says “The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists.” (para.3), he most probably means that the discovery _________.(A) greatly discourages scientists。
英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试题库【历年真题及详解(一~三)】【圣才出品】
第一部分历年真题上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试真题及详解（一）第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or wordsyou have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passageONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with Spot Dictation.We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve _____(1) that gets us so much information. We’ve got _____(2)every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being _____(3) and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of _____(4).Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains _____(5), producing a world-wide increase in IQ _____(6) and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in _____(7) we now have to go through?We’re not becoming a race of _____(8), but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to _____(9), to answer a dozen mails in five minutes, or to fill out _____(10). That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there with his kids _____(11) or something like that, he’s got his cell phone inhis pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects _____(12).Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just _____(13), just playing, when it _____(14) which you hadn’t thou ght of, or maybe you have time to read a hook. You are a businessperson but you have time to _____(15), or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea _____(16). Actually, it might occur to you that you _____(17) in t hat way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, _____(18). And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful nodding. You don’t have time for _____(19). So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, hut over-communication is _____(20) and to our reflection.【答案】1. developed technology2. cell phones ringing3. bombarded with communication4. overwhelmed by the information flow5. work better and faster6. up to 20 points7. all these mental gymnastics8. global idiots9. make fast decisions10. maybe big aptitude tests11. playing in his little league12. on our own brain patterns13. nodding around14. puts together ideas15. read a book about history16. somebody thought of long ago17. can think of your own business18. feeds your creativity19. those unexpected conjunctions20. a threat to our creativity【录音原文】We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve developed technology that gets us so much information that we’ve got cell phones ringing every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being bombarded with communication and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of overwhelmed by the information flow.Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains work better and faster, producing a world-wide increase in IQ up to 20 points and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in all these mental gymnastics we nowhave to go through?We’re not becoming a race of glob al idiots, but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to make fast decisions, to answer a dozen e-mails in five minutes, or to fill out maybe big aptitude tests. That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there wi th his kids playing in his little league or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects on our own brain patterns.Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just noodling around, just playing, when it puts together ideas which you hadn’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a businessperson but you have time to read a book about history, or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea somebody thought of long ago. Actually, it might occur to you that you can think of your own business in that way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your produc tivity, feeds your creativity. And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful noodling. You don’t have time for those unexpected conjunctions. So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, but over-communication is a threat to our creativity and to our reflection.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one, you will be asked same questions. The talks,conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now, listencarefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heardand write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let’s begin Part B wi th ListeningComprehension.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) The designing of a new town.(B) The most livable small town in America.(C) The financing of a housing project.(D) The updating of old building codes.2. (A) Houses with front porches.(B) Houses that are very close together.(C) Quarter-of-an-acre or half-an-acre private yard space.(D) Easy access to the town center and to the vital institutions.3. (A) It has nothing to do with a sense of nostalgia for the past.(B) It has failed in the new town mentioned in the conversation.(C) People prefer to stay in an air-conditioned front porch.(D) People spend very much time on front porches in hot climates.4. (A) You are not allowed to use red curtains facing the street.(B) You couldn’t attach a satellite dish to your house.(C) You should remove plastic products from front porches.(D) You mustn’t park your car in front of your house for long.5. (A) Some of these rules seem to go a little too far.(B) Some of these rules are contradictory.(C) These rules are all dictated by the local laws.(D) These rules have not been approved by the developer.【答案与解析】1.A 对话开头男士便提到“in designing this new town…”，接着回顾了美国以前的小城镇把最好的设计元素结合在一起，例如联排别墅，人行道，前廊和两边种着树的街道等。
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟高级阅读(一)_真题-无答案
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟高级阅读(一)(总分100,考试时间90分钟)SECTION 1 READING TESTDirections:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A. B. C. or D. to each question."They treat us like mules," the guy installing my washer tells me, his eyes narrowing as he wipes his hands, I had **plimented him and his partner on the speed and assurance of their work. He explains that it"s rare that customers speak to him this way. I know what he"s talking about. My mother was a waitress all her life, in coffee shops and fast-paced chain restaurants. It was hard work, but she liked it, liked "being among the public", as she would say. But that work had its sting, too—the customer who would treat her like a servant or, her **plaint, like she was not that bright.There"s a lesson here for this political season: the subtle and not-so-subtle insults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their working lives. And those insults often have to do with intelligence.We like to think of the United States as a classless society. The belief in economic mobility is central to the American Dream, and we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism. But we also have a troubling streak of aristocratic bias in our national temperament, and one way it manifests itself is in the assumptions we make about people who work with their hands. Working people sense this bias and react to it when they vote. **mon political wisdom is that hot-button social issues have driven blue-collar voters rightward. But there are other cultural dynamics at play as well. And Democrats can be as oblivious to these dynamics as Republicans—though the Grand Old Party did appeal to them in St. Paul.Let"s go back to those two men installing my washer and dryer. They do a lot of heavy lifting quickly—mine was the first of 15 deliveries—and efficiently, to avoid injury. Between them there is **munication, verbal and nonverbal, to coordinate the lift, negotiate the tight fit, move in rhythm with each other. And all the while, they are weighing options, making decisions and solving problems—as when my new dryer didn"t match up with the gas outlet.Think about what a good waitress has to do in the busy restaurant: remember orders and monitor them, attend to a dynamic, quickly changing environment, prioritize tasks and manage the flow of work, make decisions on the fly. There"s the carpenter using a number of mathematical concepts—symmetry, proportion, congruence, the properties of angles—and visualizing these concepts while building a cabinet, a flight of stairs, or a pitched roof.The hairstylist"s practice is a mix of technique, knowledge about the biology of hair, aesthetic judgment, **munication skill. The mechanic, electrician, and plumber are troubleshooters andproblem solvers. Even the routinized factory floor calls for working smarts. When has any of this made its way into our political speeches? From either party. Even on Labor Day.Last week, the GOP masterfully invoked some old cultural suspicions: country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education. But these are symbolic populist gestures, not the stuff of true engagement. Judgments about intelligence carry great weight in our society, and we have a tendency to make sweeping assessments of people"s intelligence based on the kind of work they do.Political tributes to labor over the next two months will render the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps. But few will also celebrate the thought bright behind the eye, or offer an image that links hand and brain. It would be fitting in a country with an egalitarian vision of itself to have a truer, richer sense of all that is involved in the wide range of work that surrounds and sustains us. Those politicians who **municate that sense will tap a deep reserve of neglected feeling. And those who can honor and use work in explaining and personalizing their policies will find a welcome reception.1. To illustrate the intelligence of the working class, the author cites the examples of all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. hairstylist and waitressB. carpenter and mechanicC. electrician and plumberD. street cleaner and shop assistant2. In the sentence "we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism" (para. 3), the word "egalitarianism" can be replaced by ______.A. individualismB. enlightenmentC. equalityD. liberalism3. We can conclude from the passage that ______.A. in America, judgments about people"s intelligence are often based on the kind of work they doB. the subtle and not-so-subtle insults towards blue-collars are a daily phenomenon in AmericaC. the United States is a classless societyD. the old cultural suspicions of country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education show the Republican"s true engagement4. One of the major groups of targeted readers of the author should be ______.A. blue-collar American workersB. middle-class American businessmenC. American politiciansD. **pany leaders5. Which of the following summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party should stop symbolic populist gestures.B. Political tributes should mind the subtle bias against the intelligence of the working class.C. The ruling party should acknowledge the working smarts of blue-collars.D. The whole American society should change the attitude towards the blue-collar workers.To most people the human face is a compelling object fraught with meaning. But for autistic children, who can"t get a read on other people"s emotions, eye contact is terrifying. When they do look at faces, they tend to stare at the mouth. Fortunately, researchers now think that technology can help **e the barrier that isolates these kinds. Software that enables robots to respond to achild"s feelings a little bit—but not too much—can help train him or her to interact more freely with people. "The beauty of a robot or software is that it"s not human," and therefore not as intimidating, says Stephen Porges, an autism expert at the University of Illinois in Chicago. Computer-generated faces are already having an impact in the classroom. Psychologist Dominic Massaro at the University of California, Santa Cruz, has created Baldi, a **puter character, as a stand-in for human teachers. For three years, Baldi and his female counterpart, Baldette, have been giving autistic kids in the Bay School in Santa Cruz lessons in vocabulary and in understanding facial expressions. The character has been so successful that he"s spawned imitators—Baldini in Italian, Baldir in Arabic and Bao in Chinese.Porges thinks that the real role of cartoon personas is not so much to teach patients as to calm them. Autistic kids live in a state of hyperalertness, as if they were constantly suffering stage fright. If technology can put them at ease, Porges argues, social skills will develop naturally. In a recent study, Porges exposed 20 autistic people, ranging from 10 to 21 years old, to engineered speech and music. He removed low frequency sounds, which the body tends to interpret as indicating danger, and exaggerated vocal intonations, much as people dramatize emotions when speaking to infants. After 45 minutes, all but one of the subjects began looking at the eyes of a person on a video screen just as a normal viewer would. The improvement persisted at least a week, but had faded after six months. Porges is now developing headphones that reduce low frequencies. He also hopes to test whether ongoing exposure to the engineered sounds can lead to long-term improvement.Other technology may be effective for less severely autistic children. Whereas normal babies learn from caretakers to mirror emotions—smile at a smile, frown at a frown—autistic children often lack this basic skill. Cognitive scientists Javier Movellan and Marian Stewart Bartlett at the University of California, San Diego, have built a robot that can "read" faces. They hope that playing with the robot and watching it interact with others will inspire autistic children to return the smiles of humans.Commercial emotion-reading software about to hit the market could be a boon for some high functioning autistic and Asperger"s patients in dealing with social situations. Affective Media, a firm near Edinburgh, Scotland, has created a prototype phone that "hears" the emotion in voice messages and conveys it explicitly to the owner. A person checking messages would hear something like this: "You have two bored calls, one surprised call, and one angry call." "Three years ago this was science fiction," says Christian Jones, co-founder of Affective Media. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have built a similar voicemail system, called Emotive Alert, that evaluates a caller"s intonation, speed and volume. It identifies whether a call sounds urgent, informal or formal, and whether the speaker was happy or sad.Emotion-reading software might improve the way we all interact with machines. Computers at call centers may soon be able to alert employees to an irate caller who might need special handling. Scientists at Affective Media, Stanford and Toyota are developing a system for cars that responds to cues in the driver"s voice and face, perhaps turning on appropriate music if a driver seems sad. It"s another barrier emotionally adept software might help **e.6. When autism expert Stephen Porges says "The beauty of a robot or software is that it"s not human" (para. 1), he implies that ______.A. the beauty of a robot or software is quite apparentB. a robot or software has its unique beauty in shapeC. a robot or software can never function as a humanD. unlike a robot or software, humans can be rather threatening7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT characteristic of autistic children?A. They have difficulty in understanding the facial expressions of others.B. They are often unable to maintain eye contact with others.C. They always live in a state of over-alertness.D. They feel at ease only when interacting **puter teachers.8. Stephen Porges concluded from his investigation that ______.A. social skills will develop naturally in autistic kids when they are at easeB. the development of social skills is an agonizing processC. social skills will be acquired naturally as autistic kids grow upD. the use of cartoon personas can eliminate stage fright in autistic kids9. By saying "Three years ago this was science fiction", (para. 5) Christian Jones means that the phone that "hears" the emotion in human voice ______.A. first appeared in science fiction at that timeB. could have been invented three years agoC. was considered simply impossible three years agoD. could not be imagined by humanity three years ago10. According to the last two paragraphs, emotion-reading software ______.A. will be used to teach people how to interact with machinesB. can be the major means to cure autistic patientsC. can be most proficient and useful at call centersD. will probably be used to help reduce traffic accidentsQuick quiz: Who has a more vitriolic relationship with the U.S.? The French or the British. If you guessed the French, consider this: Paris newspaper polls show that 72 percent of the French hold a favorable impression of the United States. Yet U.K. polls over the past decade show a lower percentage of the British have a favorable impression of the United States.Britain"s highbrow newspaper,The Guardian, sets the U.K."s intellectual tone. On any given day you can easily read a handful of stories sniping at the U.S. and things American. The BBC"s Radio 4, which is a domestic news and talk radio station, regularly laments Britain"s social warts and follows them up with something that has become the national mantra, "Well, at least we"re not as bad as the Americans."This isn"t a new trend: British abhorrence of America antedates George W. Bush and the invasion of Iraq. On 9/11 as the second plane was slamming into the World Trade Center towers my wife was on the phone with an English friend of many years. In the background she heard her friend"s teenage son shout in front of the TV, "Yeah! The Americans are finally getting theirs." The animosity may be unfathomable to those raised to think of Britain as "the mother country" for whom we fought two world wars and with whom we won the cold war.So what"s it all about?I often asked that during the years I lived in London. One of the best answers came from an Englishwoman with whom I shared a table for coffee. She said, "It"s because we used to be big and important and we aren"t any more. Now it"s America that"s big and important and we can never forgive you for that." A detestation of things American has become as dependable as the tides on the Thames rising and falling four times a day. It feeds a flagging British sense of nationalself-importance.A new book documenting the virulence of more than 30 years of corrosive British animosity reveals how deeply rooted it has become in the U.K."s national psyche. "[T] here is no reasoning with people who **e to believe America is now a "police state" and the USA is a "disgrace across most of the world"," writes Carol Gould, an American expatriate novelist and journalist, in her bookDon"t Tread on Me.A brief experience shortly after George W. Bush"s invasion of Iraq illustrates that. An American I know was speaking on the street in London one morning. Upon hearing his accent, a British man yelled, "Take your tanks and bombers and go back to America." Then the British thug punched him repeatedly. No wonder other American friends of mine took to telling locals they were from Canada. The local police recommended prosecution. But upon learning the victim was an American, crown prosecutors dropped the case even though the perpetrator had a history of assaulting foreigners.The examples of this bitterness continue:I recall my wife and I having coffee with a member of our church. The woman, who worked at Buckingham Palace, launched a conversation with, "Have you heard the latest dumb American joke?" which incidentally turned out to be a racial slur against blacks. It"s common to hear Brits routinely dismiss Americans as racists (even with an African-American president), religious nuts, global polluters, warmongers, cultural philistines, and as intellectual Untermenschen.The United Kingdom"s counterintelligence and security agency has identified some 5,000 Muslim extremists in the U.K. but not even they are denounced with the venom directed at Americans. A British office manager at CNN once informed me that any English high school diploma was equal to an American university degree. This predilection for seeing evil in all things American defies intellect and reason. By themselves, these instances might be able to be brushed off, **bined they amount to British bigotry.Oscar Wilde once wrote, "The English mind is always in a rage." But the energy required to maintain that British rage might be better channeled into paring back whatThe Economist(a British news magazine) calls "an overreaching, and inefficient state with unaffordable aspirations around the world." The biggest problem is that, as with all hatred, it tends to be self-destructive. The danger is that as such, it perverts future generations.The U.K. public"s animosity doesn"t hurt the United States if Americans don"t react in kind. This bigotry does hurt the United Kingdom, however, because there is something sad about a society that must denigrate and malign others to feed its own self-esteem. What Britain needs to understand is that this ill will has poisoned the enormous reservoir of good will Britain used to enjoy in America. And unless the British tweak their attitude, they stand to become increasingly irrelevant to the American people.11. Which of the following is NOT the example given by the author to show the British abhorrence of America?A. A boy shouted "The Americans are finally getting theirs" when watching TV on 9/11.B. A woman working at Buckingham Palace told an American joke against blacks.C. An American speaking on a London street was punched and no prosecution followed.D. An English author once wrote, "The English mind is always in a rage."12. The word "animosity" (line 1, para. 12) used in the passage can best be replaced by ______.A. strong hatredB. total indifferenceC. great sympathyD. sheer irrelevance13. The author quoted from the American novelist Carol Gould"s book ______.A. to reveal how America has become a police stateB. to expand on the British attitude to AmericaC. to explain the changing course of British mentality to AmericaD. to document the past 30 years of the relationship between Britain and America14. The author argues that the U.K. public opinion about America will ______.A. undermine the relations between the U.K. and the U.S.B. be self-destructive to Great BritainC. destroy the self-esteem of both the U.K. and the U.S.D. hurt the United States instead of the United Kingdom15. What is the best title for the passage?A. "Police State": America in the Eyes of the U.K. PublicB. "The Mother Country": Britain and America Fought Two World WarsC. The British National Psyche of Self-ImportanceD. The Ally the British Love to HateCongress can pass laws, regulators can beef up enforcement, and shareholders can demand more accountability. But when it comes right down to it, making sure a company is operating well is really an inside job. That"s where internal **es in. It doesn"t sound glamorous, but it"s an expanding field beckoning to people with a lot of pent up we-can-do-better energy. Internal auditors keep an eye on a company"s "controls"—not just financial systems, but all sorts of functions designed to make the business run smoothly and protect the interests of shareholders. The recent string of corporate scandals provided a rude awakening to the importance of these internal checks. In the case of WorldCom, it was internal auditor Cynthia Cooper who blew the whistle on **pany for inflating profits by $3.8 billion. She didn"t intend to be a hero, she said toTimemagazine when it named her one of its Persons of the Year. She was just doing her job.A lot more of those jobs are opening up as companies turn to internal auditors for help in complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Top executives of publicly **panies now have to sign off on their financial statements and vouch for the effectiveness of internal controls. "Up until now, CEOs and CFOs have been going to bed and sleeping well at night, knowing that they"ve got good controls or financial reporting because they"ve got good people ... But what"s missing is the documentation that really supports that gut feel," says Trent Gazzaway, the national director of corporate governance advisory services for Grant Thornton, an accounting and business consultancy firm. "I cannot think of a time in history when there"s been a greater opportunity to enter the internal-audit field," he adds.Job postings on the website of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) in Altamonte Springs, Fla., have more than doubled in the past year, says IIA president William Bishop III. And in the organization"s survey for 2002, half the internal-audit directors said they planned to make one or more new hires that year. People who can **puterized systems are especially in demand. Privately **panies are voluntarily adding more scrutiny, as well. In a recent survey that drew responses from 1,400 CFOs in such businesses, 58 percent said they are responding to new corporate-governance standards. Of those, 36 percent are creating or expanding internal auditing,according to Robert Half Management Resources. An **pany with $3 billion to $4 billion in revenue typically has about 16 internal auditors. The job is often a training ground for future management positions, but those who stay in the field and become directors earn an average of just under $100,000. The IIA offers certification for internal auditors, but many firms do not require it.Assessing "the tone at the top"—the culture and the ethical environment of a company—is one of the key charges for internal auditors, Mr. Bishop says. But their effectiveness depends on the resources and independence senior managers give them. As auditors have a perspective that encompasses every aspect of **pany, executives sometimes want to hear their recommendations for improving systems. But their main goal is to make sure the systems already in place are working properly.The balancing act can be tricky. "If I make a recommendation ... and then I come and evaluate it, I"m not going to be criticizing it," says Parveen Gupta, who teaches corporate governance and accounting at Lehigh University. Ideally, the internal auditor should be an extra set of eyes, a consultant who knows **pany well but has enough independence to give honest feedback. Regulations "are pushing internal auditors to become a bit more policeman-oriented," he says, "but if employees perceive it as someone second-guessing them, that is very dangerous."One tool designed to avoid that adversarial feeling is "control self-assessment". The auditor sets up discussions among employees to find out, for instance, if a written ethics policy is being implemented, or if workers are feeling such intense pressures that they might be prompted to push ethical boundaries. The power of the new laws can go only so far. "This entire issue of corporate governance—trying to run **pany as if you were managing your own money—is a matter of heart and soul," Dr. Gupta says. And guts. Anyone considering a career in internal auditing, he says, "should have the guts to speak out, to tell the truth."16. According to the passage, the main goal of internal auditing is ______.A. to make recommendation for improving enterprises" organizational systemsB. to help build a profit-making system in a companyC. to make sure the system of an enterprise is operating wellD. to help establish an enterprise culture17. When Parveen Gupta says, "If I make a recommendation ... and then I come and evaluate it, I"m not going to be criticizing it," (para. 7) he implies that ______.A. the balancing between recommendation and criticism is most importantB. no one will take a negative attitude towards his/her own suggestionC. corporate governance should be combined with accountingD. the internal auditor should play the role of an independent consultant18. The expression "to push ethical boundaries" in the sentence "or if workers are feeling such intense pressures that they might be prompted to push ethical boundaries" (para. 8) can be paraphrased as ______.A. to follow ethical normsB. to revise ethical definitionsC. to break ethical restrictionsD. to promote ethical standards19. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed after the exposure of corporate scandals.B. The demand for internal auditing has been rising rapidly since last year.C. Not **panies require certification for internal auditors.D. The operation of the financial system is the only concern of internal auditors.20. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?A. Internal auditors can play a major role in eliminating corporate scandals and creating corporate culture.B. Internal auditors can help their **ply with regulations and supply feedback on ethical issues.C. Regulators and internal auditors should play a major role in corporate governance.D. Regulators, shareholders and internal auditors can all contribute to the sound operation of a company.SECTION 2 READING TESTDirections:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage.America"s population hit the 300 million mark yesterday—at 7:46 a.m. Eastern time, according to Census Bureau estimates. Nobody knows exactly who became America"s 300 millionth citizen. But demographers are summing up the milestone as a turning point that signals several trends to watch as the U.S.—in contrast with Europe and Japan—deals with a steadily growing population. Politically and demographically, experts say, the shifts will begin to have an impact on regions of the country not yet used to the new diversity provided by the influx of Hispanics and Asians, which has already transformed California, Arizona, Texas, Florida, and New York.In coming years, Midwesterners, those in the Great Plains, rural areas, and small towns everywhere will begin to deal with the challenges of new ethnic and racial residents, says William Frey, a population expert at the Brookings Institution in Washington. And the country as a whole will begin to be more dominated by a young/ old divide than the current liberal/conservative model that dominates political discourse."This means we are going to transform the current, red/blue political dichotomy to one where the nation is separated by age ... young vs. old," says Mr. Frey. "The issues of younger generations dealing with children and opportunities for minorities will clash with those of the aging baby boomers whose voters are concerned with issues of aging and Social Security and Medicare," he adds. "Both parties will have to adjust to this new dichotomy."The new milestone hasn"t generated much hoopla. That"s in sharp contrast to 1967, when President Johnson hailed the 200 millionth American, andLifemagazine dispatched a cadre of photographers to find a baby born at the exact moment. One reason is that population growth has become controversial, especially in an election year when immigration is a hot-button issue and politicians are wary.Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez says the Bush administration is not playing down the milestone, though he had no plans for Tuesday. "I would hate to think that we are going to be low-key about this," he says, since growth helps the economy.While it"s hard to prove that population growth spurs economic growth, the two often go hand in hand, according to experts quoted in theMonitor"srecently published series: "U.S. population: 300 million. " For example: a nation with a rising population can support its retirees far more easilythan one with a declining population. That"s an advantage for the U.S., which is virtually the only developed nation expected to grow this century.But population growth has less rosy implications, theMonitorseries points out. Some experts worry that the land can"t sustain the extra 100 million people expected by 2043. Another challenge is sprawl, the dominant model of development, which gobbles up forest and prairie.1. Why does the author say that the nation"s reaction to the new milestone of 300 million is "in sharp contrast to 1967" (para. 5)?2. Introduce briefly population expert William Frey"s comment on the challenges from the growth of America"s population.3. Why does the Monitor say that "population growth has less rosy implications" (para. 8)?Sixty-three years after U.S. forces vanquished the Japanese and planted the Stars and Stripes atop Iwo Jima"s Mount Suribachi, the remote outpost in the V olcano Islands is the focus of another pitched battle. This time film directors Clint Eastwood and Spike Lee are sparring over the accuracy of Eastwood"s two films about the clash, Flags ofOur Fathers and Letters from Iwo Jima.Lee has claimed that by soft-pedaling the role of African Americans in the battle, Eastwood has whitewashed history."Clint Eastwood made two films about Iwo Jima that ran for more than four hours total, and there was not one Negro actor on the screen," Lee said last month at the Cannes Film Festival. "In his version of Iwo Jima, Negro soldiers did not exist."Eastwood bristled at the charge. "Has he ever studied history? [African-American soldiers] didn"t raise the flag," he countered in an interview with the British newspaperThe Guardian."If I go ahead and put an African-American actor in there, people"d go, "This guy"s lost his mind."" Eastwood also suggested Lee should "shut his face". That didn"t go down so well. Eastwood "is not my father, and we"re not on a plantation either," Lee fumed. "I"m not making this up. I know history."History, as it turns out, is on both their sides. Lee is correct that African Americans played a key role in World War II, in which more than 1 million black servicemen helped topple the Axis powers. He is correct too in pointing out that African-American forces made significant contributions to the fight for Iwo Jima. An estimated 700 to 900 African Americans, trained in segregated boot camps, participated in the landmark battle, which claimed the lives of about 6,800 servicemen, nearly all Marines.Racial prejudice shunted blacks into supply roles in Iwo Jima, but that didn"t mean they were safe. Under enemy fire, they braved perilous beach landings, unloaded and shuttled ammunition to the front lines and weathered Japanese onslaughts on their positions. "Shells, mortar and hand grenades don"t know the difference of color," says Thomas McPhatter, an African-American Marine who hauled ammo during the battle. "Everybody out there was trying to cover their butts to survive."But Eastwood"s portrayal of the battle is also essentially accurate.Flags of Our Fatherszeroes in on the soldiers who hoisted the U.S. flag on Mount Suribachi. None of the six servicemen seen in Joe Rosenthal"s famous photograph—the iconic image depicts the second flag-raising attempt; the first wasn"t visible to other U.S. troops on Iwo Jima—were black. (Eastwood"s other film,Letters from Iwo Jima, is told largely from the perspective of Japanese soldiers.) Eastwood is also correct that black soldiers represented only a small fraction of the total force deployed on the island. That may be true, but it is not enough to placate Yvonne Latty, the author of a book about。
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟听力理解题(一)
上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟听力理解题(一)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Listening Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、A(总题数：4，分数：50.00)（分数：12.50）A.A courier for a tour operator.B.An agent for models.C.An agency manager.D.A personal assistant. √解析：[听力原文]M: Hello. My name is Hudson. Dick Hudson.W: I am Pamela Gable.M: Well, take a seat, please. Miss Gable, it is Miss, isn"t it? Well, let me just check that I"ve got these particulars right. Your surname is Gable, spelt G-A-B-L-E, and your first names are Pamela Ann; fine. You live at 147 Collingdon Road, Croydon. Your telephone number is 2468008. You were born on July the 18th 1975, and—that"s about it, OK? Fine, let"s see, what are you working with at the moment?W: I"m personal assistant to the manager of a modeling agency.M: Oh, really? And what does that involve?W: A bit of everything, really. I have to keep the accounts, write a few letters, answer the telephone, and that sort of thing.M: You work with people a lot, do you?W: Oh, yes. I have to look after all the models who work for us, you know, keep them happy, lend an understanding ear to their heartaches, you know.M: Have you ever done anything to do with hotels or conferences, hotel management, for instance? W: No, not really. I did work for a short time as a courier for a tour operator, taking foreigners on guided tours of London. Perhaps that"s the sort of thing you mean?M: Yes I think it is. Do you speak any foreign languages?W: Yes, I do. I speak French and Italian. You see, I spent several years abroad when I was younger. M: Oh, did you? That"s very interesting, and what about any exams you"ve taken?W: Well, I left school at 16. You know, there didn"t seem to be any point in staying on somehow;I was sure I could learn much more by getting a job and a bit of experience and independence. M: So you have no formal qualification at all? I see. Well, I don"t suppose it matters.W: Um, I was wondering if perhaps you could tell me a bit more about the job? You know, it said in the ad that you wanted a go-ahead girl with a car and imagination, but that"s not very much to go on.M: No, it isn"t. Well, we run conferences, and your job as conference coordinator would be, well, much the same as the one you have now, I suppose. Meeting people, transporting them from one place to another, making sure they"re comfortable, a bit of telephoning, and so on.W: It sounds just the sort of thing I want to do.M: There is the question of salary, of course.W: Well, my present salary is 18,000, so I couldn"t accept any less than that, especially if I have to use my car.M: Ah! We have something like 15,000 in mind, plus of course a generous allowance for the car. But look, if I were you, I"d take a quick look round the office here, see if I like the look of the people who work here.What is the woman"s present job?A.To keep the accounts.B.To write letters and answer the telephone.C.To organize business trips and conferences. √D.To look after the models and keep them happy.解析：[听力原文]Which of the following is NOT part of the woman"s present job?A.Spanish and French.B.French and Italian. √C.Italian and English.D.English and Spanish.解析：[听力原文]What foreign languages does the woman speak?A.Around 15,000.B.No less than 18,000. √C.Somewhere between 20,000 and 22,000.D.At least 25,000.解析：[听力原文]What salary does the woman expect from her prospective employer?A.She has a university degree in accounting and economics.B.She is in her early twenties.C.She is applying for the job of a conference coordinator. √D.She has adequate formal qualifications for the job.解析：[听力原文]Which of the following statements is true about the woman according to the conversation?（分数：12.50）A.Corporate executives are confident in the stock market trends.B.Investors in general believe that the outlook for profits is worsening.C.Some major company executives are selling more shares than buying. √D.The US stock market is expanding at a 5.6 percent annual rate this year.解析：[听力原文]New York, United States—Stock sales by America"s corporate chieftains exceeded purchases last month by the widest margin since 1987, suggesting they do not share the confidence of investors who sent the Standard & Poor"s 500 Index to a six-year high.Executives including Microsoft Corp"s Bill Gates, Google Inc"s Eric Schmidt and Kohl"s Corp"s William Kellogg in the aggregate sold US$63.18 of shares for every US dollar they bought in November, an analysis by Bloomberg of data from the Washington Service research firm showed. That"s the highest since at least January 1987.Stocks have rallied even as analysts forecast that a streak of average profit growth above 10 percent for S&P 500 companies will end this quarter. The US economy expanded at a 2.2 percent annual rate in the third quarter, down from the 5.6 percent pace in the first quarter.Cape Canaveral, United States—After a fiery ascent that turned night into day, space shuttle Discovery and its crew headed to the International Space Station yesterday to rewire the orbital outpost.Astronauts in orbit yesterday inspected the shuttle for potentially critical heat shield damage. Discovery will dock with the space station today, and the intricate work will begin. Three complicated spacewalks are planned to rewire the space station from a temporary to a permanent power source.NASA had to beat the odds to get off the launch pad on Saturday in the first night-time launch in four years. After only a 30 percent chance of good weather earlier in the day and a 2-hour delay in fuelling, Discovery streaked through a moonless sky at 01:47 GMT yesterday.United Nations, New York—The head of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime yesterday called for a global political decision to fight against corruption, and urged world governments to set up task forces."People around the world must do more to fight corruption. We need a political decision," Antonio Maria Costa told the first session of a conference of parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption.The convention, the first legally binding international tool to battle corruption, was adopted by the UN General Assembly in October 2003. Nearly 150 countries have signed the convention but only 80 have ratified it so far, according to the office.Moscow, Russia—Nine patients of a clinic for the mentally ill in Siberia died in a fire yesterday, a day after a blaze at a Moscow drug treatment centre killed 45, officials said.The fire in the psychiatric hospital in the town of Taiga in the Kemerovo region in central Siberia, about 3,500 kilometers east of Moscow, erupted shortly after midnight local time.Nine patients of the clinic died and 15 were hospitalized, said Valery Korchagin, a spokesman for the regional branch of Russia"s Emergency Situations Ministry.In the fire in Moscow early Saturday, 45 women died in a fire at a drug treatment centre when they were trapped behind locked gates and barred windows.The fire was likely caused by arson, a senior firefighter said.Hamburg, Germany—Traces of radiation found at two sites in Germany linked to a contact of poisoned former Russian spy Alexander Litvinenko are likely the rare radioactive substance polonium-210, authorities said yesterday.Police said on Saturday that traces of alpha radiation had been found at properties in and near Hamburg used by the ex-wife and former mother-in-law of Dmitry Kovtun.The Russian businessman met Litvinenko in London on November 1, the day the former spy is believed to have fallen ill. Litvinenko was killed by polonium-210.Germany"s Federal Office for Radiation Protection said in a statement yesterday that "small traces of radioactive substances were detected, and there is a high degree of probability that this is polonium."What can we learn about the stock market in the US from the news report?A.To get inspected for potentially critical heat shield damage.B.To rewire the space station for a permanent power source. √C.To beat the odds to get off the launch pad in the first night- time launch.D.To make a fiery ascent that turns night into day.解析：[听力原文]What is the major mission of space shuttle Discovery during this trip?A.50.B.80. √C.150.D.180.解析：[听力原文]How many countries have ratified the United Nations Convention against Corruption so far?A.Forty-five women were killed in the blaze at a drug treatment centre.B.The fire was not caused by arson according to a senior firefighter.C.Nine mentally ill patients died in the fire. √D.People were trapped behind locked gates and barred windows.解析：[听力原文]Which of the following statements is true about the fire in a town in central Siberia, Russia?A.Two detectives investigating the case had tested positive for traces of radiation.B.The ex-wife and the former mother-in-law of the spy were also poisoned.C.The Russian businessman who met the former spy in London has fallen ill.D.There is a high degree of probability that it is polonium that killed the spy. √解析：[听力原文]What did the German authorities find about the case of the former Russian spy being poisoned? （分数：12.50）A.An effective way to help us stay healthy.B.An attempt to eat away negative feelings. √C.Eating in response to a feeling of hunger.D.A health strategy recommended by the nutritionist.解析：[听力原文]W1: Some of us try to eat away the blues, nutritionist Joy Bauer is here with some strategies to help us get healthy. Joy, good to see you again.W2: Good to see you, Gillian.W1: So, you know, there"s emotional eating. It really is a problem, isn"t it?W2: Oh, the emotional eating is when you eat in response to feelings rather than hunger. Stress, anxiety, nervousness, and maybe you"ve had a fight with the spouse, or co-worker, and you head straight for the fridge. The truth is we all do it occasionally.W1: To a certain extent.W2: And that"s not necessarily problematic, but if you struggle with your weight, and you are regularly using food as a coping mechanism, it"s like rubbing salt in the wound.W1: Right, because you will feel bad, or even worse, after you did it.W2: You feel worse, and you are probably worse off emotionally than you were. That caused you to eat in the first place.W1: A vicious cycle.W2: Absolutely. There are some questions we should ask ourselves. That really can help you determine whether you are an emotional eater. First, do you reach for high-calorie food when you feel sorry for yourself, are high-calorie foods your reward after a difficult day? Do you feel stressed and then put food in your mouth without realizing it?W1: Some of us might answer yes to these questions.W2: Absolutely, if you answer yes to the majority of these questions, you are an emotional eater. And you should put a huge effort into stopping this behavior, because it is destructive to the psyche.W1: Do man and woman go for different kinds of food when they are looking for comfort?W2: It"s a great question, the number one food according to research in terms of comfort food for man and woman alike is ice cream.W1: Yes!W2: But it"s a vice. Women head straight for the sweets, cookies, chocolates, candies, and men go for man food, real food, macho food.W1: Yes?W2: Steak and mashed potatoes, big pasta and pizza.W1: One of the things you can do to help stop this is measure your hunger on a hunger scale. W2: That"s right. Awareness is huge, you wanna know if you are actually hungry or not, one being ravenous, and five being comfortably full. So before you reach for something, figure out. If you are four or five, avoid eating.W1: You say, if you feel like you have to eat something, eat healthy food first.W2: This is a great strategy. I call this three-food interference. And it has helped thousands of people. Before you get into anything unhealthy, first eat three healthy items. There"ve always got to be in your fridge a bowl of carrots, one apple and a container of yoghurt. After those three foods, if you still want to continue on, give yourself permission. But nine times out of ten, you are gonna fill up and you are gonna stop.What is emotional eating?A.People do emotional eating to struggle with their weight.B.Emotional eating is a big health problem for many of us.C.We are recommended to do emotional eating as a coping mechanism.D.We all do emotional eating occasionally to a certain extent. √解析：[听力原文]Which of the following is true about emotional eating?A.Mashed potatoes.B.Big pasta.C.Ice cream. √D.Cookies.解析：[听力原文]What is number one comfort food for man and woman alike?A.One.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five. √解析：[听力原文]What figure on a hunger scale indicates that you are comfortably full?A.Yoghurt.B.Apples.C.Chocolates. √D.Carrots.解析：[听力原文]Which of the following is NOT one of the healthy foods as recommended by the nutritionist? （分数：12.50）A.The health problems related to suntan. √B.Suntan and lighter-skinned people.C.Staying healthy and attractive.D.Getting a suntan in summer months.解析：[听力原文]Today I"m going to talk about the health problems related to suntan. Suntan is preferred by lighter-skinned people, especially during the summer months. They like to give their skin a nice natural bronze color with the help of sun tanning. Getting a natural tan is a sign of being healthy and being attractive. No wonder many people rush off to the beach at the onset of summer with their tanning lotions and laze away on a towel for hours on end. The result is a healthy tanned skin which people like to flaunt all day long.People often believe that a perfectly tanned skin improves their personality and the texture of their skin. However, it is not advisable to be in direct sunlight for a long time. Excess exposure of the skin to sunlight can actually damage the skin and is the leading cause of skin cancer all around the world. Moreover, in countries like Australia, the atmosphere does not filter the sun rays completely as the ozone layer in the atmosphere is depleting quickly. The ozone layer is responsible for filtering the harmful ultra-violet or UV rays of the sun that can damage the skinbeyond repair.So what does a tan mean? A tan refers to exposure of the skin to the rays of the sun for a considerable amount of time. The UV-B rays of the sun encourage the cells of the innermost layer of the skin to produce more melanin pigments which on their way to the outermost layer are tanned by the UV-A rays of the sun. As a result vitamin D3 is produced naturally under the sun. The vitamin helps protect the bone and also protects us from diseases like osteoporosis. The direct rays of the sun also make the immune system stronger against the invasion of germs and increase the body"s overall physical powers. It has a positive effect on the functioning of the heart and improves blood circulation. Common skin diseases like acne and neurodermatitis can be treated with ultra-violet light. These are just some of the many positive effects that the sun offers in the form of its ultra-violet rays.You should take the advice of experts if you would like to go for a natural suntan. Different skins react differently to sunlight. An expert opinion should be sought, especially in the beginning. Do not overdo a suntan, as excess exposure to the sun"s rays can prove to be harmful to your skin. Wear a suntan lotion when you go out in the open during summer. Do not sunbathe for more than once a day. Going to the beach or lying out in the sun once or twice a week is enough to maintain a good tan on the skin. Tanning in summer proves to be very beneficial as it prevents skin fatigue, prepares your skin for the long summer months ahead, builds a natural protection and produces a nice natural tan.What is the main topic of the speech?A.The texture of human skin.B.The vitamin D3 in the tissue.C.The ozone layer in the atmosphere. √D.The natural bronze color on the skin.解析：[听力原文]Which of the following is responsible for filtering the ultra-violet rays of the sun?A.Producing more melanin pigments.B.Helping protect the bone. √C.Nourishing the innermost layer of the skin.D.Resisting the invasion of germs.解析：[听力原文]What is the specific function of vitamin D3?A.Making one"s immune system stronger.B.Increasing the body"s overall physical power.C.Improving the functioning of the heart and blood circulation.D.Producing various types of vitamin naturally. √解析：[听力原文]The ultra-violet rays of the sun have several positive effects on human health. Which of the following is NOT one of these effects?A.Different skins react in similar ways to sunlight.B.The expert opinion is: Do not overdo a suntan. √C.Lying out in the sun twice a week is not enough to maintain a good tan.D.Tanning in summer causes skin fatigue and so proves to be very harmful.解析：[听力原文]What can we conclude from the speech?三、B(总题数：4，分数：50.00)（分数：12.50）A.The huge role some people play in transmitting ideas. √B.The transmission of epidemic diseases.C.Exceptional epidemic diseases in lower Manhattan.D.A small number of exceptionally talented people.解析：[听力原文]M: There is a small number of exceptional people who play a huge role in the transmission of epidemic ideas. I call them mavens, connectors, and salesmen.W: Say it again.M: Mavens, connectors, and salesmen. Connectors are the kind of people who know everybody. They have extraordinary social ties. Well, if I do this names test in the Manhattan phone book and you go down the list, every time you see a name you know, you give yourself a point. Well, most people score like 25 or 30. Someone scores 120 or 130. That kind of person is incredibly powerful in generating word-of-mouth epidemics. If they like something and get a hold of some idea, they can spread it five or six times further than the average person.W: Who are those people? What defines them?M: Well, these are extraordinarily social people with a lot of energy who are consumed by the task of getting to know people. Of meeting people, of keeping in touch with them. They make phone calls all day long.W: I"m afraid I"m one of them.M: This is not typical behavior. This is behavior that"s actually rare. Most of us don"t do that, and I"m someone who is not that way. I can"t start a word-of-mouth epidemic because I simply don"t know enough people. I can"t get it outside my own immediate circle of friends. Someone has friends all over the place. They can spread the news about a new restaurant or a new movie or something far and wide in a very, very short time.W: These are the connectors. Who are the mavens and who are the salesmen?M: The mavens are people who have specialized knowledge. If you examine why you make certain decisions, why you shop somewhere, why you go to a certain restaurant, you find that you are relying on the same person over and over again for recommendations. Those people I call mavens. My friend Ariel is a maven, who knows all about restaurants in lower Manhattan. If I want to know about the hot new restaurant I call Ariel. Well, all of Ariel"s friends call Ariel and if you go to restaurants in lower Manhattan and look around the room, you will see friends of Ariel. The restaurant market is an epidemic market, which is controlled by a group of Ariels. I don"t think there"re very many of them, there"re probably two dozen of them. That"s true of lots of things. That"s true of shopping and books and movies. If a maven gets together with a connector then you begin to see why a word-of-mouth epidemic might happen. Someone who knows everyone, in combination with someone who knows everything, is a really powerful connection.W: And then introduce the salesmen.M: Well those people are incredibly persuasive, and again, that"s a very rare and unusual trait. W: Leaves me out. You see, I connect but I can"t sell.M: Well, they"re separate categories. I"ve met with a guy, who is known as one of the greatest salesmen in America today. When you meet someone like that you begin to realize why trends happen. They happen because someone has this extraordinary natural ability to win you over. When they get a hold of an idea, they can really make it go a long way.What is the main topic of this conversation?A.They make phone calls all day long.B.They have extraordinary social ties.C.They are incredibly powerful in spreading ideas.D.They are great in selling consumer goods. √解析：[听力原文]Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to connectors?A.They have specialized knowledge in many things. √B.They rely on others for recommendations.C.They make certain important decisions.D.They know about restaurants but not shopping or films.解析：[听力原文]Which of the following statements best defines the mavens?A.Connectors.B.Mavens. √C.Salesmen.D.Promoters.解析：[听力原文]According to the conversation, which of the following groups does the man"s friend Ariel belong to?A.They are incredibly persuasive.B.They act quite naturally.C.They have rare, unusual traits. √D.They are extraordinarily social.解析：[听力原文]What can we tell about all three groups of people?（分数：12.50）A.A trade show of the latest sporting goods is on display. √B.An event for team sports is held with the country"s best athletes.C.A spring market for cutting equipment and accessories is open.D.A business rendezvous is scheduled between VIPs and the best athletes.解析：[听力原文]Washington—All eyes are focusing in on Las Vegas as the sporting goods industry closes in on its first true industry gathering in years. The much-anticipated Spring Market will make its debut June 11-13 in Las Vegas, and the industry"s leading sporting goods companies will be on hand to display their latest gear.The exhibit floor will showcase the latest in athletic footwear, fitness-related equipment, accessories for fitness as well as spring team sports products. "In today"s trade show environment, the marketplace demands that we offer more than just the opportunity to promote new products," explained Tom Cove, President of Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association. "We are committed to drive the exchange of cutting-edge knowledge and best practices to complement the action on the floor."Along with many of the industry"s most influential brands, a number of groups, associations, and media organizations within the sporting goods industry have decided to use the trade show as a business rendezvous.San Francisco, USA—Apple today introduced Safari 3, the world"s fastest and easiest-to-use Web browser for Windows PCs and Macs. Safari has always been the fastest browser on the Mac and now it"s the fastest browser on Windows, loading and drawing Web pages up to twice as fast as Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 and up to 1.6 times faster than Mozilla Firefox 2. Safari 3 features easy-to-manage bookmarks, effortless browsing with easy-to-organize tabs and a built- in RSS reader to quickly scan the latest news and information.Other Safari features now available to Windows users include SnapBack, one-click access to an initial search query; resizable text fields; and private browsing to ensure that information about an individual"s browsing history isn"t stored.Afghanistan—Floods triggered by heavy rain killed 23 people and destroyed scores of houses in Afghanistan"s northeastern province of Badakhshan, the provincial governor said on Friday. Authorities were searching for missing people after the flooding, which hit on Thursday night in an area of the impoverished and mountainous province near the border with Tajikistan, China and Pakistan. After years of harsh drought, Afghanistan received much more snow and rain this year.Havana, Cuba—Two Cuban soldiers tried to hijack a passenger plane to escape to a foreign country with hostages on Monday but were arrested after killing an unarmed military officer on board, the government said. The soldiers, who had escaped from an army base where they were doing military service, hijacked a bus with passengers, took it to the domestic terminal of Havana airport and seized an empty passenger jet before dawn. They killed one of the hostages, an army lieutenant colonel, when he tried to stop the hijacking, but were then captured by a military unit, the government said in a statement.Toronto, Canada—The Royal Canadian Mint unveiled a welcome addition to any piggy bank on Wednesday—a monster gold coin with a face value of C$1 million ($900,000) that it says is the world"s biggest, purest and highest denomination coin. The Canadian mint introduced the mega-coin, which is the size of an extra-large pizza and weighs in at 100 kg, alongside the one-ounce gold bullion coins it is mass-producing at its Ottawa plant. Originally designed to promote the new one-ounce coins, the colossal coin will be issued in a very limited quantity. While they have a C$1 million face value, the coins are worth twice that amount given the current gold price of $683.30 per ounce.What is happening in Las Vegas from June 11 to 13?A.Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox 2.B.SnapBack, a private browser that does not store individual information.C.A built-in RSS reader to quickly scan the latest news and information.D.Safari 3, the world"s fastest and easiest-to-use Web browser. √解析：[听力原文]What has Apple introduced today?A.Heavy rain triggered floods which caused heavy casualties and damage. √B.Harsh drought had been going on for several years and killed some people.C.Twenty-three people were missing after a storm hit a village in the mountainous province.D.Authorities were searching for the people who had crossed the border from other countries. 解析：[听力原文]What happened in Afghanistan"s northeastern province of Badakhshan?A.Two soldiers hijacked a jet plane full of passengers in flight.B.The hijackers were captured after killing one of the hostages. √C.A military unit arrested the hijackers with no one injured or killed.D.The hijacked plane landed safely at an airport in a neighboring country.解析：[听力原文]Which of the following statements is true about the hijacking of a passenger plane in Cuba?A.$683.30.B.$900,000.C.C$1 million.D.C$2 million. √解析：[听力原文]What is the current worth of the mega-coin produced by the Royal Canadian Mint?（分数：12.50）A.Closed to the public.B.Silent and empty. √C.Packed with tourists.D.Strangely crowded.解析：[听力原文]W: This is Nora White reporting for station KTFH in Florida. The sky is clear blue, and the ocean is deceptively calm here in southern Florida. It"s the kind of day when you would expect the beaches to be packed with tourists, enjoying the surf and sun. But the beaches are eerily silent, except for a few seagulls circling the waves. Traveling inland, though, you"ll find a totally different mood. Parking spaces are hard to find, and there are long lines at every checkout counter as people stock up on batteries, water bottles, and flashlights. You see, despite the calm weather now, people here are getting ready for a hurricane, the first of this hurricane season. Meteorologist Kyle James works for the weather service. Kyle, what can we expect in Homestead?M: Well, Nora. Hurricane Haley is about 70 miles off the coast, with winds reported to be up to 100 miles per hour. It has already damaged islands in the Caribbean. Notices warning residents and visitors to evacuate have been issued in several counties in southern Florida.W: So local residents and visitors are being warned to evacuate. They are going to leave. But some say they"re staying here to protect their houses. They say: We"ll be all right. Hurricanes are not usually as bad as they predict. Everyone panics and gets ready, but it"s never really a big deal.M: But authorities say people should stay informed and not second-guess the authorities. Despite reconnaissance aircraft, a sophisticated satellite, and radar used by the National Weather Service, forecasting the path of a hurricane is not an easy task. We input a lot of data into the computer to get a forecast, but there"s still an element of interpretation. Often the storm will change route or intensity unexpectedly. Folks have to realize that they can be very, very vulnerable. The worst thing is to be caught off guard.W: What can people do to prepare?M: Well, they can stock up on supplies. People should have plenty of water on hand, at least a couple of gallons per person, and more if possible. Sewers can back up, and water gets contaminated. You need food for at least three days, more if possible.W: Kyle, you also said people need a sturdy pair of work boots. Why?M: Yes. If your place has been damaged, you don"t want to be walking into anything dangerous when you come back. Snakes, for instance, get dislocated by the hurricane, just like people, and end up in unexpected places.W: A nasty surprise! One of my friends has her own plan. Well, they don"t live here. They"re down for a vacation with the kids—from Minnesota—no hurricanes there! Her husband and the kids are pretty excited, but honestly, I"m scared stiff! If we have to evacuate, I"ll be relieved. M: Most tourists aren"t prepared to face a hurricane. But if you plan to visit a coastal spot in the late summer, then you could hit some very foul weather.W: That"s right. The main thing for tourists is to know what plans or provisions the hotel has and what they can do if there"s a power outage or if the water"s bad. You need to know where you"re going if you have to leave, because roads get flooded, and highways get backed up...And, what about money?M: Sure. You might need additional cash. People forget that ATMs won"t work without power. W: So what"s your further advice for local residents?M: Well, whether you plan to stay or leave, all you can do is watch, wait, and try not to panic.How are the beaches in southern Florida at the present moment?A.New Mexico.B.Minnesota.。
199809高译答案及听力原文
1998.9上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案:SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. one-sixth /1/62. the ocean’s tides3. the occurrence of earthquakes4. affect our behavior5. moon’s phases6. easier or harder to catch7. famous astronomer 8. has an effect9. strange and unpredictable 10. really a connection11. police and fire 12. crime an unusual behavior13. car accidents 14. welfare checks15. is convinced 16. very hard to prove17. 1984 18. crime rates and the full moon19. deal directly with 20. specify exactlyPart B: Listening Comprehension1-5 C C B A D 6-10 B A A A B11-15 C B C D D 16-20 C A A C ?SECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 D C C B A 6-10 B D B A C11-15 B A B D D 6-20 D C B C CSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST英语是一种多么崇高的工具！我们每写下一页，都不可能不对祖国语言的丰富多彩、灵便精深产生一种赞同的喜悦。
如果某个英国作家不能用英语，不能用简明的英语说出自己必须说的话，那么这样的话也许就不值得说。
英语没有更广泛地得到学习是何等憾事。
高级口译笔试电子试卷答案和听力文字原稿1999.9
1999.9上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案:SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. the majority of employees2. that affect them3. two-way communication4. within the company5. set in motion6. between managers and staff7. value consultation with our workforce 8. to perform effectively9. know the basic facts 10. more efficient11. give you one example 12. new products13. some outline about a company’s profit14. its competitors15. future product plans 16. hear about it17. ignore the face 18. communicate with supervisors 19. what is going on 20. they haven’t been told formallyPart B: Listening Comprehension1-5 B D C A C 6-10 C B C A C11-15 C A D A D 16-20 A B D A CSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 D D B C B 6-10 B C B D A11-15 C D B A D 16-20 D B C C BSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST如果各公司断然采取西立国家裁员的做法以增加利润，日本一度令人羡慕的失业率将上升至两位数。
高级口译笔试电子试卷答案和听力文字原稿1997.3
高级口译笔试电子试卷答案和听力文字原稿1997.31997.3上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案:SECTION 1：LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. government success2. talk about3. press conferences4. alert foreign correspondents5. local officials6. write their stories7. eye witness 8. opposition politicians9. check information 10. close to it11. inform other people 12. in an interesting way13. only one chance 14. element of repetition15. at the start of a report 16. shorten17. match the subject matter 18. royal wedding19. plane crash 20. making it difficult to understand Part B: Listening Comprehension1-5 D B D C B 6-10 C A D A D11-15 B A C A B 16-20 D A C B BSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 A B A B C 6-10 B C C D B11-15 C D C D B 16-20 C B D C BSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST自达尔文以来，生物学家们一直坚信，大自然的运作是没有计划的或者是没有意义的，它不会通过直接的设计途径去追求目标。
但是，今天我们知道，这一信念是个严重错误。
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题(06.9) SECTION1:LISTENING TEST(30minutes)Part A:Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it.Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape.Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Play is very important for humans from birth to death.Play is not meant to be just for children.It is a form of___________(1)that can tap into your creativity,and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others.I have collected the___________(2)of play here.Play can stimulate you___________(3).It can go against all the rules,and change the same___________(4).Walt Disney was devoted to play,and his willingness to___________ (5)changed the world of entertainment.The next time you are stuck in a___________(6)way of life,pull out a box of color pencils,modeling clay,glue and scissors,and___________(7)and break free.You will be amazed at the way your thinking___________(8).Playing can bring greater joy into your life.What do you think the world would be like-if___________(9)each day in play?I bet just asking you this question has___________(10).Play creates laughter,joy,entertainment, ___________(11).Starting today,try to get30minutes each day to engage in some form of play,and ___________(12)rise!Play is known___________(13). Studies show that,as humans,play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________(14).With regular play,our problem-solving and___________(15)will be in much better shape to handle this complex world,and we are much more likely to choose ___________(16)as they arise.It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and__________ (17)to our daily living.Play can___________(18), curiosity,and creativity.Research shows that play is both a‘hands-on’and‘minds-on’learning process.It produces a deeper,___________(19)of the world and its possibilities.We begin giving meaning to life through story making,and playing out___________(20).Part B:Listening Comprehension Directions:In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one,you will be asked some questions.The talks,conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE.Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions1to5are based on the following conversation.1.(A)in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over85years old.(B)In the United States,there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C)All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D)Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2.(A)Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B)Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the”oldest old”people.(C)What percentage of the population are centenarians inthe state of Georgia.(D)What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy100-year-old.3.(A)Diet,optimism,activity or mobility,and genetics.(B)Optimism,commitment to interesting things,activity or mobility,and adaptability to loss.(C)The strength to adapt to loss,diet,exercise,and genetics.(D)Diet,exercise,commitment to something they were interested in,and genetics.4.(A)The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B)The centenarians basically eat something different.(C)The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D)The centenarians eat spicy food,drink whiskey,and have sweet pork every day.5.(A)Work hard.(B)Stay busy.(C)Stick to a balanced diet.(D)Always find something to laugh about.Questions6to10are based on the following news.6.(A)Global temperatures rose by3degrees in the20thcentury.(B)Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C)Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D)The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by2050.7.(A)Taking bribes.(B)Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C)Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D)Offering cash for political favors.8.(A)The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety. (B)The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C)All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D)The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9.(A)6to7.(B)8to10.(C)11to16.(D)17to25.10.(A)Curbing high-level corruption.(B)Fighting organized crime.(C)Investigating convictions of criminals.(D)Surveying the threats to national security. Questions11to15are based on the following interview.11.(A)A wine taster.(B)A master water taster.(C)The host of the show.(D)The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12.(A)Berkeley Springs.(B)Santa Barbara.(C)Atlantic City.(D)Sacramento.13.(A)Being saucy and piquant.(B)Tasting sweet(C)A certain amount of minerals.(D)An absence of taste. 14.(A)Looking—smelling—tasting.(B)Tasting—smelling—looking.(C)Smelling—looking—tasting.(D)Tasting—looking—smelling.15.(A)Bathing.(B)Boiling pasta in.(C)Swimming.(D) Making tea.Questions16to20are based on the following talk. 16.(A)Enhance reading and math skills.(B)Increase the students’appreciation of nature.(C)Improve math,but not reading skills.(D)Develop reading,but not math skills.17.(A)To help the students appreciate the arts.(B)To make the students’educatio n more well-rounded.(C)To investigate the impact of arts training.(D)To enhance the students’math skills.18.(A)Once weekly.(B)Twice weekly.(C)Once a month.(D)Twice a month.19.(A)Six months.(B)Seven months.(C)Eight months.(D) Nine months.20.(A)The children’s attitude.(B)The children’s test scores.(C)Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D)Both the teachers’and the children’s attitude. SECTION2:READING TEST(30minutes)Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it.You are to choose ONE best answer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),to each question.Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions1—5Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with ababy eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk.No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts,most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill.It is only several years later,around the start of middle or junior high school,many psychologists and teachers agree,that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids,whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s su ccess,it can be a bewildering,painful experience.So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that,just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It’s not quite that simple.”Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity,but they can’t be forced,”says Jacquelynne Eccles,a psychology professor at the University of Michigan,who led a landmark,25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts.Even so,a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much.Theysay that by instilling confidence,encouraging some risk taking,being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful,both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer froman emotional or learning disability,or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home,manyeducators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure thatconveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool.”Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb,and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,”says Carol Dweck,a psychology professor at Stanford.”You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.”Over the past couple of years,Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that.Dubbed Brainology,the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughou t life.”The message is that everything iswithin the kids’control,that their intelligence is malleable,”says Lisa Blackwell,a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program,which has helped increase the students’interest in school and turned around their declining math grades.More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,”parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort,strategy and progres s rather than emphasizing their‘smartness’or praising high performance alone. Most of all,parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system,with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability,also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.”These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,”says Jeff How ard,a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute,a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’sacademic performance.Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to aworld beyond homework and tests,through volunteer work,sports,hobbies and other extracurricular activities.”The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,”says Michael Nakkual,a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF(Inventing the Future),which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations.The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant,to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it.Like any ambitious toddler,they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A)Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B)How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C)Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D)Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2.According to some educators and psychologists,all ofthe following would be helpful to cultivate students’ambition to succeed EXCEPT________.(A)stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B)cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C)enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D)making them understand their family crisis3.What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A)A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B)Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.(C)Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D)To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4.The word”malleable”in the clause”that their intelligence is malleable,”(para.3)most probably means capable of being________.(A)altered and developed(B)blocked and impaired(C)sharpened and advanced(D)replaced and transplanted5.The expression”to disabuse them of the notion”(para.4) can be paraphrased as________.(A)to free them of the idea(B)to help them understand the idea(C)to imbue them with the notion(D)to inform them of the conceptQuestions6—10Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week:the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft.As part of a long-running court case,the government has asked those companies to turn over i nformation on its users’search behavior.All but Google have handed over data,and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related tonational security,but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In1998,Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA),but courts have blocked its implementation due toFirst Amendment concerns.In its appeal,the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines.It would then use those terms to do its own searches,employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers,in an attempt to quantify how often”material that is harmful to minors”might appear.Google contends that since it is not a party to the case,the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test.”We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms,and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them.(The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.)Originally,the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July;the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites,the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net.”We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,”says Ramez Naam,group program manager of MSN Search. Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test,it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps,subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities?Says the DOJ’s Miller,”I’m assuming that if something raised alarms,we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld,it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior.One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information,but the company hopes to eventually use thepersonal information of consenting customers to improve search performance.”Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl,an El ectronic Frontier Foundation attorney.”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”6.When the American government asked Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior,the major intention is_________.(A)to protect national security(B)to help protect personal freedom(C)to monitor Internet pornography(D)to implement the Child Online Protection Act7.Google refused to turn over”its proprietary information”(para.2)required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A)it is not involved in the court case(B)users’privacy is most important(C)the government has violated the First Amendment(D)search terms is the company’s busin ess secret8.The phrase”scaled back to”in the sentence”the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of searchqueries”(para.3)can be replaced by_________.(A)maximized to(B)minimized to(C)returned to(D)reduced to9.In the sentenc e”One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4),the expression”sink its own case”most probably means that_________.(A)counterattack the opposition(B)lead to blocking of porn sites(C)provide evidence to disprove the case(D)give full ground to support the case10.When Kurt Opsahl says that”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5),the expression”Big Brother”is used to refer to_________.(A)a friend or relative showing much concern(B)a colleague who is much more experienced(C)a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D)a benevolent and democratic organizationQuestions11—15On New Y ear’s Day,50,000inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch.This was not somemass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture:the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5million Kenyans who,because of a severe drought,are threatened with starvation.The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn.If you are reading this in the west,however,you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories.Even if you do know about the drought,you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists.There are20million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region,and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent.Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so?It comes down to the reluctance of governments,aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life.Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists,even though it has been demonstratedtime and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments,and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore,African pastoralist systems are often more productive,in terms of protein and cash per hectare,than Australian,American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions.They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies.In Kenya,for example,the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800million per year.In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia,hides from pastoralists’herds make up over10per cent of export earnings.Despite this productivity,pastoralists still starve andtheir animals perish when drought hits.One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goesto the herders themselves;the lion’s share is pocketed by traders.This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food,and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour.Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Fundingbodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the1960s,investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production.It didn’t work.Firstly,no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted.Secondly,rearing livestock took precedence over human progress.The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.They were based on two false assumptions:that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient,which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models;and that Afri ca’s drylands can support commercial ranching.They cannot.Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle.Over the past few years,funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message.One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestockand cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it).Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that hashelped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising,but more needs to be done.Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle.They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding.Ultimately,sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade,so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products:there will likely be an additional 2billion consumers worldwide by2020,the vast majority in developing countries.To ensure that pastoralists benefit,it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies.Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women,who play critical roles in livestock production.The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists.Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to moreresentment,conflict,environmental degradation and malnutrition.It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.11.Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A)Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B)The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C)The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D)Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12.The word”encapsulates”in the sentence”Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para.l)can be replaced by________.(A)concludes.(B)involves.(C)represents.(D)aggravates.13.What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and tr aditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A)Neutral and indifferent.(B)Sympathetic and understanding.(C)Critical and vehement.(D)Subjective and fatalistic.14.When the author writes”the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”(para.4),he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not__________.(A)have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B)understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C)feel themselves superior in decision making(D)care about the development of the local people15.The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A)to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B)to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa(C)to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D)to criticize the colonial thinking of western aidagenciesQuestions16—20The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening.Today,scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system:Saturn’s moon Enceladus.Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have found evidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon —hosts liquid water.If the results hold up,this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth—that display active volcanism.And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan,as well as Mars,as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold.The discovery,however,is bittersweet for many scientists.NASA’s proposed budget for fiscal calls for a50percent cut in its astrobiology program.Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science,it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whetherlife arose elsewhere in the universe.A50-percent cut”is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut”in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration,says planetary scientist Sean Solomon,who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.Nevertheless,the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a”radical conclusion,”acknowledges Carolyn Porco,who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter.But if the team is right,”we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments”that might have rolled out the welcome mat”for living organisms,”she concludes.Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near itsunexpectedly warm south pole.As the team pondered the evidence,they nixed severalexplanations,including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vaporbillowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas.The last idea standing:Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface,perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust.This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood.Confirmation could come with additional flybys,if water—and perhaps life—is present,it wouldn’t be”luxuriant,”notes Jeffrey Kargel,a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson.It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals,very low temperatures,and little energy to drive i t.Still,he adds,it’s premature to cross the moon off the list of possible”outposts”for life beyond Earth.Yet the prospect of building on these results could be dimmer with the threat of budget cuts.The proposed reductions post several challenges,researchers say.One is the loss of important financial leverage.While money for experiments and other research related to astrobiology can come from other funding agencies,such as the National Science Foundation or even the National Institutes of Health,NASA’s program often provides the crucial missing piece that turns demanding and sometimes dangerous。
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题( 06.9) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here. Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils,modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8). Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________(10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise! Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14). With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living. Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’and ‘minds-on’learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning tolife through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the ”oldest old”people.(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A) Work hard.(B) Stay busy.(C) Stick to a balanced diet.(D) Always find something to laugh about. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. 6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A) Taking bribes.(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D) Offering cash for political favors.8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A) 6 to 7.(B) 8 to 10.(C) 11 to 16.(D) 17 to 25.10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.(B) Fighting organized crime.(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.(D) Surveying the threats to national security. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) A wine taster. (B) A master water taster. (C) The host of the show. (D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A) Berkeley Springs.(B) Santa Barbara.(C) Atlantic City. (D) Sacramento.13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.(B) Tasting sweet (C) A certain amount of minerals.(D) An absence of taste. 14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting. (B) Tasting—smelling—looking.(C) Smelling—looking—tasting. (D) Tasting—looking—smelling.15. (A) Bathing. (B) Boiling pasta in. (C) Swimming. (D) Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. 16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills. (B) Increase the students’appreciation of nature.(C) Improve math, but not reading skills. (D) Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts. (B) To make the students’educatio n more well-rounded. (C) To investigate the impact of arts training. (D) To enhance the students’math skills.18. (A) Once weekly. (B) Twice weekly. (C) Once a month. (D) Twice a month.19. (A) Six months. (B) Seven months.(C) Eight months.(D) Nine months.20. (A) The children’s attitude.(B) The children’s test scores.(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D) Both the teachers’and the children’s attitude. SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1—5 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s su ccess, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It’s not quite that simple. ”Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,”says JacquelynneEccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer froman emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, manyeducators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure thatconveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. ”Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,”says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor atStanford. ”You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.”Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughou t life. ”The message is that everything is within the kids’control, that their intelligence is malleable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, ”parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progres s rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testingand rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. ”These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,”says Jeff How ard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’sacademic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to aworld beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. ”The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at schoolcan actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D) making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practicalexperience.(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word ”malleable”in the clause ”that their intelligence is malleable,”(para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.(A) altered and developed(B) blocked and impaired(C) sharpened and advanced(D) replaced and transplanted5. The expression ”to disabuse them of the notion”(para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to free them of the idea(B) to help them understand the idea(C) to imbue them with the notion(D) to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6—10 Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over i nformation on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related tonational security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often ”material that is harmful to minors”mightappear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. ”We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July ; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries. One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. ”We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeingadult content,”says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, ”I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. ”Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl, an El ectronic Frontier Foundation attorney. ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying aboutBig Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior, the major intention is _________.(A) to protect national security(B) to help protect personal freedom(C) to monitor Internet pornography(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over ”its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A) it is not involved in the court case(B) users’privacy is most important(C) the government has violated the First Amendment(D) search terms is the company’s busin ess secret8. The phrase ”scaled back to”in the sentence ”the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”(para.3) can be replaced by _________.(A) maximized to(B) minimized to(C) returned to(D) reduced to9. In the sentenc e ”One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression ”sink its own case”most probably means that _________.(A) counterattack the opposition(B) lead to blocking of porn sites(C) provide evidence to disprove the case(D) give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5), the expression ”Big Brother”is used to refer to _________.(A) a friend or relative showing much concern(B) a colleague who is much more experienced(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D) a benevolent and democratic organization Questions 11—15On New Y ear’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not somemass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: themoney that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine. How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changesmakes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’herds makeup over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve andtheir animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goesto the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas. Funding bodies such as the World Bankand-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Afri ca’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that hashelped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should payproper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12. The word ”encapsulates”in the sentence ”Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para. l) can be replaced by ________.(A) concludes.(B) involves.(C) represents.(D) aggravates.13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and tr aditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A) Neutral and indifferent.(B) Sympathetic and understanding.(C) Critical and vehement.(D) Subjective and fatalistic.14. When the author writes ”the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”(para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C) feel themselves superior in decision making(D) care about the development of the local people15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B) to give suggestions on the support of thetraditional pastoralism in Africa(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesQuestions 16—20 The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have foundevidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth —that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold. The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’sproposed budget for fiscal calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.A 50-percent cut ”is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut”in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary scientist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a ”radical conclusion,”acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, ”we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments”that might have rolled out the welcomemat ”for living organisms,”she concludes. Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near itsunexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed severalexplanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vaporbillowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood. Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be ”luxuriant,”notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive i t. Still, he adds, it’s premature to cross the moon off the list of possible ”outposts”for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试B1
SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) Part A: Note-taking And Gap-filling Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk only once. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on your ANSWER BOOKLET afterwards. You are required to write ONE word or figure only in each blank: In the past fifty years the invention of ______(1) devices and appliances has made housework much easier. Among these devices and appliances are _______(2) cleaners, electric irons, washing machines, and some others. Probably the most important piece of ________(3) equipment which has been widely used in the last twenty years is the _______(4). Washing up by hand is not only _______(5) but also extremely boring. Dishwashers are of different sizes and ________(6). Their capacity ranges from six to ______(7) placesettings. After the dishwasher is plumbed into the mains __________(8) supply, all you have to do is to load dirty dishes, glasses and____________(9) into the machine, pour in some special _____________(10), close the door and _____________(11) it on. The machine will wash almost everything except the large ___________(12) and dishes with scraps of ___________(13) food. It also __________(14) the plates and glasses with its own heat. If your dishwasher is ___________(15) or larger, probably you need to wash up only ______________(16) a day. Of course this means you have to have ___________(17) dishes, glasses and cutlery to last three or four ___________(18). Remember that dishwashers can be quite________________(19), so you may prefer to use the machine just once a day, preferably _____________(20) thing at night. Part B: Listening and Translation Ⅰ. Sentence Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate in into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(3)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(4)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(5)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. Passage Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passage only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) Directions: Read the following passage and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Question 1~3 BRITISH Telecom has been thwarted in its attempt to cut telephone links to a South American city that is operating a sex chatline service in Britain. Direct dialing services to Georgetown, Guyana, were due to be suspended after the One-to-One Contacts company ignored an ultimatum from BT to close down. But the chatline company, which is based in Dublin, Manchester and Guyana, has secured an injunction from the High Court to prevent the threatened action taking place. The matter will be resolved before a judge at a full hearing later this month. A preliminary hearing due yesterday was postponed until Friday. The One-to-One Contacts service, which is advertised in the national press, breaches the strict guidelines set down by ICSTIS, the information line watchdog, because of the sexual nature of the calls. The company does not use British 0898 numbers. Callers from Britain are directed to ring telephone numbers in the Virgin Isles. and then given Guyanan number for the chatline service, ringing up pounds in international calls in the process. The countries of origin were not stated in the advertisements. BT wanted to end the services, but because of the relatively unsophisticated routing between Britain and Guyana, it could not isolate the 52 numbers involved. The company told Guyana Telecom and Telephones that it would block direct dialling from Britain to every number in Georgetown, the capital, if the recorded sex lines were not put out of business. But the chatline company claimed that BT acted unfairly. A High Court judge has granted an injunction preventing BT from taking action until he can hear both sides of the story. The chatline company broke industry rules by advertising a sex line outside top-shelf publications--in the Daily and Sunday Sport newspapers. A BT spokeswoman explained: "The stop on IDD calls to Georgetown would have lasted two or three days while we foundways to block the relevant numbers. In the meantime, calls to other numbers would have been put through the operator at international direct dialling costs." 1. Why does the British Telecom plan to end the One-to-One Contacts service? 2. Introduce briefly in your own words the practice of the One-to-One Contacts company. 3. Why didn't the British Telecom cut the chatline service immediately? Question 4~6 Summer is coming, and woe is you. You'd like to bake in the blazing sun and get a deep, dark tan. but worries about skin cancer may keep you indoors. Tanning salons are an alternative, but they're awfully expensive (and so artificial). What to do? Before long you may be able to acquire the perfect tan from the inside of your body out. No sun or sunlamps will be needed. Researchers at the University of Arizona have discovered a synthetic peptide hormone that stimulates certain skin cells to produce melanin, a pigment that darkens the skin and protects it from ultraviolet radiation. The hormone could be useful not only in acquiring a tan but also in preventing aging of the skin. In addition, it might help to cure vitiligo--a disease that causes a progressive depigmentation of the skin and afflicts 1 to 2 percent of the world's population. The hormone, which the Arizona researchers have dubbed Melano-Tan, is a chemical variation (or analog) of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) that some animals, such as frogs or chameleons, secrete from their pituitary glands, causing them to change color. It was discovered as part of a U.S. government-sponsored study of ways of reverse or cure vitiligo. "In the process of these studies," says Mac Hadley, an endocrinologist at the University of Arizona, "we discovered that if this molecule was delivered across the skin of a certain strain of mice, the skin would turn dark brown. And not just where we placed the chemical, but all over." What's more, says Hadley, another research center has just demonstrated that the hormone will cause in vitro human skin to tan as well, "which is pretty close to saying this product will work." If Melano-Tan becomes commercially available--and a large American pharmaceutical company is now funding studies toward that end--it could be taken orally or applied topically. After application. it would enter the bloodstream and systematically tan the entire body. Depending on the concentration, initial tanning would begin in two or three days and a dark, uniform tan could be achieved within two weeks. When the hormone is no longer applied, the tanned skin could be peeled off. There are already tanning pills on the market, such as French Bronze Tablets (with carotene), but Hadley dismisses them as "gimmicks" that merely dye the skin unevenly, like Easter eggs. According to Hadley, Melano-Tan could lower the incidence of skin cancer by allowing fair-skinned people to tan before going out in the sun. It could also help those who suffer from vitiligo or hyperpigmentation, and those who are allergic to sun screens. 4. What are the disadvantages of tanning in the sun or in a tanning salon? 5. In what other ways can the synthetic peptide hormone be useful to people apart from acquiring a tan? 6. How will the hormone work when taken orally or applied topically? Questions 7~10 IF VITAMIN C is good for you, does more mean better? Millions of people think so but scientists have been divided on the issue. Despite a huge research effort, there is little evidence that megadoses of vitamin C, up to 100 times the recommended daily amounts, have beneficial effects. Now an American scientist has come up with an explanation of the lack of effect--and a simple remedy. Millions of Americans take supplements of the vitamin in the belief that its anti-oxidant properties help prevent heart disease, cancer and the ageing process. Most of it, however, goes straight down the pan: the body cannot deal with excess vitamin C, which is rapidly excreted. Even large doses are eliminated in 12 hours and slow-release ones in 16. The way to keep blood levels of the vitamin continuously high, according to Roc Ordman, Professor of Biochemistry at Beloit College, Wisconsin, is to take it twice a day--one 500 milligram does every 12 hours. "If vitamin C really does work as an antioxidant, then taking a supplement once a day might be like wearing a condom half the time." Professor Ordman said. "Nobody has ever thought to look at how much you have to take to keep the level elevated." In a study published in the current issue of the gerontology journal Age, Professor Ordman gave varying doses of vitamin C at different times to students and measured the amount excreted in their urine. He found a 500 mg dose was needed every 12 hours "to enrich the blood just enough to ensure there is a little bit leaking out all the time." This compares with the US-recommended adult daily allowance of 60 mgs. Recommended levels of vitamin C, and other vitamins, have been raised following recognition of their role in mopping up "free radicals" in the blood linked with a range of diseases. However, the British figure of 40 mgs daily for vitamin C is still below the U.S. figure and likely to be raised again. Research on megadoses of vitamin C of 10 and 20 times this level have shown it to have some protective effect against the common cold taken at the first sign. But there is no evidence of a beneficial effect against other diseases of doses vastly higher than the recommended daily amounts. LINUS PAULING, the Nobel Laureate, whose book on vitamin C and the common cold in 1970 popularised the idea of taking fistfuls of supplements, is said to have swallowed 10,000 mgs a day. It is because it is water-soluble and quickly excreted that vitamin C is safe in such quantities; it does not build up in the tissues. Professor Ordman's twice-daily regime may help keep blood levels of the vitamin high. But dosing on the scale followed by Pauling, who died last August aged 93, will seriously damage your bank balance--at $ 2,500 a year. 7. What do you know about Professor Ordman's view towards vitamin C from the passage? 8. Why was the Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling mentioned in the passage? 9. Explain in your town words the sentence from paragraph 2 "Most of it, however, goes straight down the pan". 10. What is concluded about effects of megadoses of vitamin C in the passage? SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes) Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 1995 年10⽉，黄浦江上⼜⼀座⼤桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座⼤桥之后建成通车的第四座⼤桥——奉浦⼤桥。
2000.9笔试答案
2000.9上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案:SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPART A: Spot Dictation1. cross border mergers 11. utility companies2. have been removed 12. more environmentally sensitive3. food and drink 13. With water companies4. culturally bound 14. a lot of privatizations5. eating and drinking habits 15. English and German banks6. particularly aggressive 16. that was unheard of7. Spanish and Italian products 17. protective attitude8. The reverse is not true 18. been applied across Europe9. in the drinks industry 19. the internationalization10. in acquiring companies 20. more controls in the futurePART B: Listening Comprehension1-5 D B C A B 6-10 C A D C A11-15 B C BB C 16-20 D A C D CSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 C B D B C 6-10 D B A C D11-15 D B CC A 16-20 C A D A BSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST第三次工业革命最大的问题既容易说明，又难以解决。
高级口译笔试电子试卷答案和听力文字原稿1997.9
1997.9上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案:SECTION1：LISTENING TESTPART A：Spot Dictation1. produce fuel2. four main areas3. a possible solution4. look at the oil crisis5. alternative energy sources6. fossil fuels7. harnessing of wind and waves 8. human and animal waste9. conversion of plant material 10. a large agriculture sector11. possiblility of using 12. in the production of alcohol13. has fallen dramatically 14. in the last decade15. dependent on 16. using their sugar17. relatively economical 18. other starchy plants19. in tropical countries 20. corn and sugar beetPART B: Listening Comprehension1-5 B D C A B 6-10 D B C A B11-15 C D B A B 16-20 A B B D BSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 B C B D B 6-10 C C D B B11-15 D C C B B 16-20 D C B D CSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST对美国文化常见的批评，是说美国人过分热衷于物质产品而忽视人的精神。
据称，美国人只崇拜“万能的美元”。
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上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试
D1
B 卷口语题Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clearand supporting details adequate, You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by theexaminers during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Startyour talk with “My name is...”, “My registration number is...”Topic: Many people like to travel a lot on holidays. People may travel by air, by sea, bytrain, by coach or on foot. What do you think is the ideal way of traveling? Explain yourargument.Questions for Reference:1. Describe one of your interesting traveling experiences.2. Make a comparison between air travel and train travel.3. What do you think is the reward of traveling?口译题Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heardeach paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start
interpreting at the signal… and stop it at thesignal… You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages onlyonce. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1Passage 2Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in China. After you have heard eachpassage, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the singal… Youmay take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Nowlet’s begin Part B with the first passage.Passage 1Passage 2
1998.5上海市英语高级口译资格证书第二阶段考试
A 卷口语题Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clearand supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by theexaminers during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Startyour talk with “My name is...”“My registration number is...”Topic: Is failure a bad thing? Why or why not?Question for Reference:1. Is failure inevitable in our daily life? Cite examples.2. What is your attitude towards
failure?3. In your opinion, what are the relations between failure and success?口译题Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heardeach passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the stop itat the signal… You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear thepassages only once. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1Passage 2Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heardeach passage, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal…you may take notes while you’re listening. Remember you will hear the passage only once. Now,let’s begin Part B with the first passage.Passage 1Passage 2B 卷口语题Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clearand supporting details adequate, You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by theexaminers during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Startyour talk with “My name is...”, “My
registration number is...”Topic: There is the opinion that college entrance examinations in China should beabolished. What are your views on this
issue?Questions for Reference:1. What are the advantages and / or disadvantages of college entrance examinations?2. Should all the senior high school graduates be admitted into colleges? Why or why not?3. What is your suggestion for the reform of college entrance examinations?口译题:Part ADirections: In
this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heardeach paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at thesignal… You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages onlyonce. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1Passage 2Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heardeach passage, interpret in into English. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at thesignal… You may take notes while you’re listening. Remember you will hear the passages onlyonce. Now, let’s begin Part B with the first passage.Passage 1Passage 2。