高考英语专题解析课件-完形填空

[例1] The school decided that when the
driver opened both the front and back doors,
27 who were getting off the bus should get
off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 .(2010广东)
1. 词语同现
某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出 现的倾向性, 叫词语同现, 也有人称之为“词 场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系, 或者 同类互补关系等, 如
different与 same; cruel与friendly; death (死亡)与destruction(毁灭); ill与 pale, patient, nurse, doctor, operation等。
[例5] Nobel arranged in his will to give
the largest part of his money to establish
the Nobel prizes, which would be
awarded to people who made great 29
to the causes of peace, literature, and
一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话 题, 与此相关的词就可能会共同出现, 以实 现语篇衔接。如2011年广东高考完形填空 的短文, 是围绕把优生从普通班里分离出去 会带来严重问题这一主题展开的, 涉及这一 主题的可能有“普通班” “特殊班” “优 生” “普通生”, 以及“学校” “老师” “学习”等等, 因此, special, gifted,
1. 通读全文, 理解大意
重视首句信息, 跳过空格, 浏览全文, 从整体上感知全文, 理解短文大意, 这是 解题的基础。这一步非常重要, 万万不 可忽视。
2. 瞻前顾后, 避难就易
在理解短文大意的情况下, 结合各选项 的意义和用法, 特别是与前后词语的搭配, 上下文的意义关系等, 先解决那些自己有把 握的问题。对少数难题, 暂时跳过, 或许在 上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或 者明显的提示了, 或许一个在前面不能解答 的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
(设立), 即“设立诺贝尔奖”。用他的大部分钱去
“构成/开发/促进”诺贝尔奖, 是讲不通的。
3. 思前想后—通全文
有时, 若单独看空格处或空格所 在句,其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填 入格中都不错, 句子也通顺, 但结合全 文内容来理解, 就只有一个是最佳答 案了。因此, 选择答案时, 一定要考虑 到此选项不但在本句中合符语境, 而 且要在全文中也讲得通, 即贯通全文。
解析: 此题若不读到文章最后一句的最后一个单
词, 很难确定填touch, 选D。
2. 左顾右盼——找搭配
答题时, 眼睛不能只盯在空格上或 只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上, 一定 要“左顾右盼”, 弄清前后的习惯搭配 或句式结构。注意, 常常不止一个选项 前后可以构成搭配关系, 这时需要根据 上下文的意思来定夺。
3. 复读全文, 解决残敌
借助已经补全的空格, 我们已对全文有 了更清楚的理解, 可以集中解决所遗留的个 别难题。
4. 再次复读, 弥补疏漏
全部做好后, 考生务必要结合自己选择 的答案重新阅读短文内容, 确保全文文意连 贯。
根据广东高考完形填空题的特 点, 只要了解上述三个原则, 遵循四 个步骤 ,灵活运用以下五个技巧, 任 何完形难题都可得到顺利解决。望 同学们一定要理解、掌握以下五个 技巧。
根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题研 究, 我们归纳了以下一些解题方法：
1. 上下求索——寻信息
因为答案信息点有的在空格前, 有的在 空格后, 有的在前文和后文都有出现, 需要 综合考虑或起相互印证的作用。有时, 还要 根据上、下文提供的信息, 结合常识, 进行 适当的逻辑推理, 才可得出正确答案。
[例6] Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸 药)...the article read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
...Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to... A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular
解析：若单独看空前的became, 填四个 选项都没有语法错误, 但是由前文中的 became a millionaire和后文give the largest part of his money可知, rich为最 佳答案, 故选C。
2.A因有push(推)就有pull(拉), 有go out of(出去)就会有enter(进入), 这就是词语 同现。
3.(2010广东)When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different doors and they had distinct functions...This was new to me, because we use the 25 door in South Korea... A. main B. same C. front D. back
[例3] On April 12, 1888, Alfred’s
brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A
major French newspaper 21 his
brother for him and...(2009广东)
A. found
B. misunderstood
27. A. parents
B. students
C. teachers
D. drivers
28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier
解析：27题的答案信息点在空格后的and students who...中, 关键词是students, 故选B。28题的答案 信息点在空格前, 关键词是first, 故选B。
C. mistook
D. judged
解析：四个选项中, 能与后面for搭配的, 只
有mistook, 即mistake A for B (将A误以
为B), 故选C。
[例4] Nobel arranged in his will to give the
largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel
4. B 因与first同现的应是later。
5. (2009广东)To make sure that he was remembered with love and respect. Nobel arranged in his 27 to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes, ...Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about. A. book B. article CC.. wwiillll D. contract
intelligent, top, regular, average, school, classes, teachers, children, learning这些相 互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇 之中。
了解词语同现, 对正确解答完 形填空题很有帮助。请运用词语同 现的技巧, 解答以下高考真题, 并说 明正确选项与哪些词同现。
prizes, which would be awarded to people
who...(2009广东)
A. establish
B. form
C. develop
D. promote
解析：根据动宾搭配, 在四个选项中, 能与名词the
Nobel prizes(诺贝尔奖)搭配的, 只有establish
designed for the average children.
A. designing
B. grouping
C. learning
D. living
1.C与classes, children, intellectual同现 的单词, 很可能是learning。
2. (2010广东)You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 24 the building. A. enter B. leave C. open D. close
5.C与die(死), arrange(安排后事)具有相关性 的词同现的应当是will(遗嘱)。
6. (2008广东)These tell the story
of a mother whose baby grows 23
[例2] One afternoon, I was out exploring... and saw a new kind of cactus (仙人掌). I crouched (蹲) down for a closer look. “You’d
better not 47 that.”
I turned around to see an old woman...
“Would you like to come to my home
tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldn’t touch.”(湖南)
A. break B. pick C. pull D. touch
Fra Baidu bibliotek
the sciences.
A. additions
B. sacrifices
C. changes
D. contributions
解析：若单独看空格处, 选项B、C、D 都可以填, make great sacrifices“作出巨 大牺牲”, make great changes“发生巨 大变化”, make great contributions“作 出巨大贡献”; 从文章内容或常识来看, 诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、 文学和科学事业“作出过巨大贡献”的 人,故只能选D。
1. (2011广东)The argument has been on
the belief that in regular classes these
children are held back in their intellectual
(智力的) growth by 2 situation that has
3. B美国的门与韩国的门进行对比, 因 same与different是词语同现。
4. (2010广东)The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, students who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 . A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier